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Sunday, March 28, 2021

How exactly do quantum computers simulate molecular/particle interactions better than classical computers?

How exactly do quantum computers simulate molecular/particle interactions better than classical computers?


How exactly do quantum computers simulate molecular/particle interactions better than classical computers?

Posted: 28 Mar 2021 02:02 AM PDT

I'm struggling to understand why quantum computers can simulate nature better than classical computers.

submitted by /u/aryanyak
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What are the advantages of mRNA / lipid droplet vaccines over viral vector and other existing vaccine types?

Posted: 27 Mar 2021 05:42 PM PDT

In my simplistic model, both the lipid and viral vectors achieve the same thing: deliver rna/DNA to the cell so it can produce virus proteins to train the immune system. But the lipid vaccines are difficult to store and administer. (Perhaps also hard to manufacture?) Anyways, I'm guessing there's an advantage to make the trade off worth it. I'm curious what that is!

submitted by /u/g___
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Have viruses ever become a permanent part of human DNA? If so, what function(s) do they add/augment in humans?

Posted: 27 Mar 2021 10:10 AM PDT

I have read before that viruses have become part of human DNA, but little more is said about it. So many questions... Are these viruses subsumed whole, or just parts? Have we located specific sequences that are provable used-to-be-virus? What kinds of function(s) do these sequences perform? forget apes, are humans just really evolved cooperatives of viruses? I mean anything that seems pertinent to this topic is game.

submitted by /u/Efarm12
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When a plant branches, does this affect the rate of growth of the branches?

Posted: 27 Mar 2021 07:56 AM PDT

I was thinking about this looking at my pothos plants. 2 of the 3 have started branching off. Will the combined growth of the branches equal the growth of the unbranched plant or are all the nodes capable of the same growth, branched or unbranched?

submitted by /u/cirillios
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In chimeras, why doesn't the immune system recognise one of the cell lineages as a foreign material and attack it?

Posted: 27 Mar 2021 07:51 AM PDT

Immune systems attack anyone that doesn't match the right antigen, but in chimeras, theres 2 different cell lineages, and it makes sense that there would theoretically be 2 significantly different antigen marker...

submitted by /u/Tollenglass
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Is there a formula relating distance between 2 coils to the mutual inductance?

Posted: 27 Mar 2021 07:36 AM PDT

According to this website: https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/inductor/mutual-inductance.html, it says that 'the effect of mutual inductance is very much dependent upon the relative positions or spacing, ( S ) of the two coils and this is demonstrated below.' However it did not provide any formula relating distance to mutual inductance. So I was wondering whether there is a formula that relates the distance between the 2 coils to the mutual inductance.

submitted by /u/jlcy
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How many strains of flu are around in an average year?

Posted: 27 Mar 2021 09:39 AM PDT

My understanding is that the flu vaccine is based on which strains from the previous year were the worst. So, how many are scientists choosing from?

submitted by /u/codestuffz
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Explain physiologically why it is okay to run while pregnant? How does the baby not get shaken about inside?

Posted: 27 Mar 2021 07:32 AM PDT

In my head it makes sense that when a pregnant woman runs the baby is being shaken about. I know the healthcare guidance is that it is okay to play sports while pregnant. Can someone explain physiologically how the baby doesn't get shaken around?

Thanks

submitted by /u/babyslosh
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When you get stung by a bee, the skin around the bite will swell. What is the process that produces the swelling? Also, can you use terms I am familiar with like vector, allergen, inflammation, and WBC?

Posted: 27 Mar 2021 11:31 AM PDT

Why does radiation therapy for dogs not cause broad hair loss the way it does in humans?

Posted: 27 Mar 2021 06:17 AM PDT

I know it can still affect their fur in kind of a targeted way, but not really the sort of full baldness that humans can experience.

submitted by /u/firemoo
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Saturday, March 27, 2021

Could the speed of light have been different in the past?

Could the speed of light have been different in the past?


Could the speed of light have been different in the past?

Posted: 27 Mar 2021 05:19 AM PDT

So the speed of light in a vacuum is a constant (299,792,458 m/s). Do we know if this constant could have ever been a different value in the past?

submitted by /u/Jimmy-TheFox
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When I look into the sky. What % of my sight line is neverending nothingness, there is nothing in that line of sight throughout the entire universe? What % of my sight is looking at something, whether the moon or something billions of light years away?

Posted: 27 Mar 2021 03:02 AM PDT

Disregard the atmosphere.

submitted by /u/austin101123
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What makes teeth come up through the gums?

Posted: 27 Mar 2021 02:27 AM PDT

I've got a little baby who is teething, and I'm just wondering why teeth are there dormant but come up at such a range of times. Anywhere from 3 months to a year old for the first ones, and then on from there. What biological nudge is the body getting for these teeth to erupt? And again for adult teeth?

submitted by /u/Aloyisious91
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If decomposers are supposed to decompose, then how do we find such large reserves of oil, gas and coal?

Posted: 27 Mar 2021 04:11 AM PDT

Shouldn't they have simply been decomposed by decomposers before they could turn into fossil fuel?

One theory that I have heard was that the reason why we have so much fossil fuel reserve is because of the evolutionary arms race between plants and fungus, namely that plants build and fungus breaks. Until plants developed lignin that stopped fungi from breaking them down for the relatively brief Carboniferous period. This caused a lot of dead stuff to be lying around eventually forming fossil fuel.

Unfortunately I can't find any source/evidence for this theory so I don't even know if it is correct, but I'd love to know how we ended up having such large reserves of fossil fuel, and if the theory has any merit.

submitted by /u/tahmid5
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Does a reverse volcanic eruption exist?

Posted: 27 Mar 2021 02:18 AM PDT

Hey I was thinking of about the displacement mechanics of volcanic eruptions. In order for an volcanic eruption to occur. Does a reverse volcanic eruption happen when somewhere deep in the ocean whereby the earths core consumes a the crust to fulfill the conservation of mass?

submitted by /u/KennyCanHe
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Is there a theoretical way to determine whether someone had Covid after they are vaccinated?

Posted: 27 Mar 2021 01:27 AM PDT

I don't believe this is possible now. But is this theoretically possible, or would the "fingerprints" of an active infection left behind always be identical to those of the vaccine?

submitted by /u/finestartlover
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How is it possible to survive rabies and why will it almost always kill you?

Posted: 26 Mar 2021 08:59 PM PDT

If light from the stars takes years to reach earth, and we use a telescope to see that star closer, does that mean we’re technically seeing through time?

Posted: 27 Mar 2021 12:19 AM PDT

If it takes 300 light years for the light of a star to reach us, it would mean we see the light it emitted 300 years ago. If we use a telescope to zoom in, does the light still take 300 years to reach us or is it closer? Say we were able to zoom in a get to see the star perfectly, is that still 300 years ago?

submitted by /u/nick5195
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How is it that CTE can only be diagnosed posthumously? Looking at pictures showing the difference between a brain with and without CTE, it seems like it would be very noticeable with an MRI or C/T?

Posted: 26 Mar 2021 02:54 PM PDT

What is the Lyapunov exponents of a dynamical system and how is it calculated?

Posted: 26 Mar 2021 05:37 PM PDT

How does a bomb’s fuse know when the bomb has hit the ground?

Posted: 26 Mar 2021 11:34 AM PDT

I googled "why does a bomb explode when it hits the ground" and the short answer was that it explodes because of the fuse. But how does the fuse know the bomb has hit the ground, as opposed to just being rattled while in transport or while falling through the air? Is it just set to react to a certain amount of force? Also, what safety measures (if any) are in place so that a bomb doesn't prematurely explode, say, if it bumps into another as they are being dropped together? I'm thinking mostly of the big B-17s that drop a whole payload of bombs.

submitted by /u/wastedmylife1
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Vaccines typically take 10-14 days for immunity to ramp up. How is the body able to fight off infections in less time than this?

Posted: 26 Mar 2021 08:50 AM PDT

Take the flu for example. According to Google, flu symptoms typically begin 1-4 days after initial exposure and end 5-7 days after that. So, a whole flu infection typically lasts 6-11 days. However, it usually takes a whole 10-14 days for the body to mount a significant antibody response from a vaccine.

How can this be? Is the flu typically fought off with innate immunity only, with antibodies only beginning to show up after the infection is already over? Or is an actual infection able to produce a more prompt antibody response than vaccines can?

submitted by /u/polar_nopposite
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What prevents animals such as deer and rams who fight by bashing their heads together from getting concussions?

Posted: 26 Mar 2021 10:30 AM PDT

Why is H1N1 not a zoonotic disease?

Posted: 26 Mar 2021 07:59 PM PDT

I am reading some stuff online which says the H1N1 is not a zoonotic disease, but I don't understand why this is. I thought that zoonotic disease simply means a virus that came from a non-human that now infects humans. Doesn't the H1N1 fit this description at is a mixture of bird, pig, and human?

submitted by /u/genius_king
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Is it actually possible to reconstruct what a person sees by reading their brain waves?

Posted: 26 Mar 2021 02:00 AM PDT

Source

This sounds really cool, but I am somewhat skeptical. How do brain waves carry enough information as to allow reconstruction of entire images? Do these scientists work in ultra controlled environments where they basically already know certain wave patterns correspond to certain images? Or do they actually manage to extract this calibre of information from brain waves? I thought a big problem with interfacing our biological brains with digital technology was the fact that information is not necessarily stored in each person's brain in an objective manner, i.e. there is no universal brain pattern for "cat" or "dog".

I'm a little confused, anyone care to shed some light on this awesome but skeptical technology? Thanks!

submitted by /u/VidimusWolf
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Are Wikipedia articles a connected graph? For every pair of articles, is there a path from a to b? Or are there islands? How could one prove it?

Posted: 26 Mar 2021 02:29 AM PDT

Has someone tried to do a graph traversal thru the entirety of Wikipedia to check if all nodes can be visited?

submitted by /u/phi_array
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If people catch cold and flu viruses from other people (not cold weather or viruses in the air), then how does the very first person (or persons) catch it?

Posted: 26 Mar 2021 03:12 PM PDT

Friday, March 26, 2021

How do the so-called nuclear shadows from Hiroshima work?

How do the so-called nuclear shadows from Hiroshima work?


How do the so-called nuclear shadows from Hiroshima work?

Posted: 25 Mar 2021 04:24 PM PDT

How could an explosion that consists of kinetic energy (might be some other type?) and thermal radiation create a physical "shadow" or imprint on the ground or on a wall?

submitted by /u/FragmentedPhoenix
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AskScience AMA Series: Hi Reddit! We are scientists from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. We recently designed a carbon capture method that's 19% cheaper and less energy-intensive than commercial methods. Ask us anything about carbon capture!

Posted: 26 Mar 2021 06:39 AM PDT

Hi Reddit! We're Yuan Jiang, Dave Heldebrant, and Casie Davidson from the U.S. Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, and we're here to talk about carbon capture. Under DOE's Carbon Capture Program, researchers are working to both advance today's carbon capture technologies and uncover ways to reduce cost and energy requirements. We're happy to discuss capture goals, challenges, and concepts. Technologies range from aqueous amines - the water-rich solvents that run through modern, commercially available capture units - to energy-efficient membranes that filter CO2 from flue gas emitted by power plants. Our newest solvent, EEMPA, can accomplish the task for as little as $47.10 per metric ton - bringing post-combustion capture within reach of 45Q tax incentives.

We'll be on at 11am pacific (2 PM ET, 16 UT), ask us anything!

Username: /u/PNNL

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Covid vaccine 2nd dose?

Posted: 26 Mar 2021 04:32 AM PDT

Is the 2nd dose of the (Pfizer or Moderna) vaccine a different formulation than the 1st? Why do people get more side effects from the 2nd dose?

submitted by /u/Stars2dust
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Is it possible for black holes to 'move' through space and, if so, what would happen if Earth came upon one?

Posted: 25 Mar 2021 05:26 PM PDT

Can someone get immunity to covid by getting blood from a fully vaccinated blood donor?

Posted: 25 Mar 2021 08:16 PM PDT

Is it possible that an object in space is so red or blue shifted, that it’s outside of the visible light spectrum? Are there things moving away from us so fast that we can’t see it with a typical telescope?

Posted: 25 Mar 2021 11:17 PM PDT

What is the clear fluid that oozes from wounds?

Posted: 26 Mar 2021 12:01 AM PDT

I burned myself pretty badly a few days ago. Left wrist and two fingers through the skin. Now the wounds leak this clear fluid which will drip off if I'm moving that hand or crust up if left motionless. I'm guessing it's a reaction by the body to prevent infection by making a barrier. But what is this stuff made of, and how does it work?

submitted by /u/freesteve28
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How is a magnetic field captured through a telescope? More specifically, how did the Event Horizon Telescope manage to capture that recent black hole image?

Posted: 25 Mar 2021 09:13 PM PDT

This may sound stupid, but, because of the way chromosomes are passed down, how does a paternal grandmother have a genetic relationship with a grandson?

Posted: 25 Mar 2021 09:10 AM PDT

The grandson has his Y chromosome because of his father and paternal grandfather. The X chromosome is either from his maternal grandmother or grandfather, because the mother has an X chromosome from both grandparents obviously.

How does a biological relationship still exist if this is what's happening?

submitted by /u/GikFTW
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Is it really that bad for a battery to recharge it before it’s completely empty?

Posted: 25 Mar 2021 05:17 PM PDT

Why is it bad for a phone battery for example to plug it into a charger before it's lost its charge?

In my head that always made no sense because i would think that it would be more taxing on a battery to get it going from zero again.

Obviously it's not like this, but why?

By the way i am not too sure if the ‚Engineering' flair is the right one to chose, perhaps chemistry would've been more appropriate?

submitted by /u/theflywithoneeye
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How is CPT symmetry maintained if each individual aspect of it is violated?

Posted: 25 Mar 2021 09:55 AM PDT

Still learning about the subject, but I'm really confused on why CPT symmetry works at all.

submitted by /u/Mathimatical
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Do you become contagious after getting a vaccine?

Posted: 26 Mar 2021 02:31 AM PDT

This might be a stupid question but I was asked whether you become contagious after getting a vaccine (Covid vaccine in this case, specifically Sputnik), and my first intuition was no, but don't you get a weakened virus by the vaccine and can't that one spread?

AFAIK, the vaccine contains an adenovirus and not THE corona virus so you can't spread the actual disease but I'd like if someone else would confirm and explain it better.

submitted by /u/TheJunglerssFault
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Where in the process for formal FDA approval are any of the three COVID vaccines beyond the EUA?

Posted: 25 Mar 2021 07:42 AM PDT

I have tried scouring the FDA website and I can't find anything beyond a dozen explanations on what a EUA is and why the vaccine was accepted. I'm wondering where in The process to formal approval any of the three vaccines are and where I can go to educate myself further?

submitted by /u/Highlandshadow
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Is it particularly hard to treat rabbies or have no treatments been developed simply because the vaccine is so effective?

Posted: 25 Mar 2021 07:23 AM PDT

Seems odd that when trying to find information on attemps to develope treatments for rabbies the information is so scant.

Is it impossible to develope antibody serums or amtivirals for rabbies? Or does the effectiveness of the vaccine mean there is little interest?

submitted by /u/Alashion
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Why does the pH of hydrogen fall at such a perfect integer value?

Posted: 25 Mar 2021 09:43 AM PDT

I find it weird that at 25C, Kw = 10^-14 such perfectly. Why are these perfect powers of 10/why is their log in base 10 an integer? Is it just a happy coincidence? Is it why we picked 25C to be the temp at which most acid-base chem takes place?

submitted by /u/rockstuf
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Thursday, March 25, 2021

AskScience AMA Series: I am Elliott Haut, MD, PhD, FACS, a trauma surgeon from The Johns Hopkins Hospital in the United States. I'm here to talk about all things blood clots in recognition of Blood Clot Awareness Month-from deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, to COVID-19 and clots. AMA!

AskScience AMA Series: I am Elliott Haut, MD, PhD, FACS, a trauma surgeon from The Johns Hopkins Hospital in the United States. I'm here to talk about all things blood clots in recognition of Blood Clot Awareness Month-from deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, to COVID-19 and clots. AMA!


AskScience AMA Series: I am Elliott Haut, MD, PhD, FACS, a trauma surgeon from The Johns Hopkins Hospital in the United States. I'm here to talk about all things blood clots in recognition of Blood Clot Awareness Month-from deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, to COVID-19 and clots. AMA!

Posted: 25 Mar 2021 04:20 AM PDT

I'm Elliott Richard Haut, MD, PhD, FACS, Vice Chair of Quality, Safety, & Service in the Department of Surgery at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and at The Johns Hopkins Hospital (USA). My clinical practice covers all aspects of trauma and acute care surgery, as well as surgical critical care. I am passionate about the diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and reporting of venous thromboembolism (VTE)-commonly known as blood clots. I am involved in numerous research projects on VTE and I have authored 250+ peer-reviewed articles. Follow me on Twitter at @ElliottHaut. I'm excited to be here today to answer your questions about all things related to blood clots in honor of Blood Clot Awareness Month. I'll be on at 1:00 pm (ET, 17 UT), ask me anything! Proof picture

Username: /u/WorldThrombosisDay

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Why do we have two of some organs (lungs, testicles,kidneys) but one of others (heart, liver etc..) ?

Posted: 24 Mar 2021 03:58 PM PDT

From what we know about the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines, is it possible for SARS-CoV-2 to contain spike protein mutations that allow it to escape the vaccine-induced immune response, but still retain enough function to be infectious?

Posted: 24 Mar 2021 10:32 PM PDT

Do we know enough about the specific sequences targeted by these vaccines to say whether they are specific to highly conserved regions of the spike protein such that major mutations would lead to a non-functional spike protein?

submitted by /u/nerd_whisperer
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Is the sexualisation of female breasts natural or learned?

Posted: 24 Mar 2021 07:47 PM PDT

Can a mature tree be traced back to the specific seed that germinated via DNA?

Posted: 24 Mar 2021 08:25 PM PDT

Is it possible to trace a specific seed to a fully mature tree? For example, Can a seed be traced to the full-grown plant based on DNA? Would it be possible for me to catalog a seed DNA and then years later be able to identify the full-grown plant to that seed that was cataloged?

submitted by /u/Weary-Information520
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Is there a theoretical upper limit for the size that a black hole can grow to? What would happen if it were reached by one?

Posted: 24 Mar 2021 06:32 PM PDT

Why do people 'look' tired? What actually happens to our faces (physically) when we've gone without sleep for a substantial amount of time?

Posted: 25 Mar 2021 06:25 AM PDT

Why do so many flying insects have aquatic larvae?

Posted: 24 Mar 2021 03:07 PM PDT

When large beetles fly, they make a specific sound. Is that noise just a by-product of then having forewings (elytra) or does it have an actual purpose like a warning?

Posted: 25 Mar 2021 04:58 AM PDT

Does ocean life ever suffer from pandemic infections?

Posted: 24 Mar 2021 01:41 PM PDT

Idly wondering whether viruses or other infectious diseases affecting ocean creatures are able to spread on similar scales to human diseases. Is ocean water itself a good carrier for diseases?

submitted by /u/Lorpius_Prime
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Did man start inventing tools after he started using fire or after?

Posted: 24 Mar 2021 11:45 PM PDT

Did the tools, even the rough simple ones like sharp stones, come about after man started using fire to eat cooked meat or after?

Was man "smart" before the brain evolved from eating cooked meat or the "smarts" came because of that?

submitted by /u/XanderM3001
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We breath in oxygen then we breath out carbon dioxide, where does the carbon comes from ?

Posted: 25 Mar 2021 03:42 AM PDT

Is there any research that has come out lately showcasing how any of the COVID-19 vaccines have or have not prevented spread of the main virus or its variants?

Posted: 25 Mar 2021 07:16 AM PDT

Just wondering if any research has been published about COVID-19 vaccines and their rates of prevention of spread of the virus.

submitted by /u/Delsur18
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Why was the term “centrifugal force” coined in the first place if it practically just doesn’t exist?

Posted: 25 Mar 2021 06:51 AM PDT

How and why did we come up with the term "centrifugal force", if it is a pseudo force and it does not actually exist. Was that a mistake or misconception?

submitted by /u/sp3zzz_
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Is there a Super Massive Black Hole at the center of EVERY galaxy?

Posted: 24 Mar 2021 03:00 PM PDT

I have read several obscure science articles describing the probability but none state it definitively. I know scientist say their is a super massive at the center of the milky way. I have been wondering if true why.

submitted by /u/nofire
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Are personalities anyway genetic?

Posted: 25 Mar 2021 05:31 AM PDT

How do chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) reach the upper atmosphere?

Posted: 24 Mar 2021 09:22 PM PDT

They say CFCs from old fridges and aerosols speed up global warming by catalysing the deionisation of the ozone.

I also heard that CFCs are about 5x denser than air. How do they reach the upper atmosphere where the ozone is being depleted ? Does the atmosphere just fill with CFCs to saturation so they're everywhere ? is it winds ? Is it common for chemicals 5x heavier than their surrounding medium to gravitate up ?

Also, how do they travel from the large population centres (where I assume they're produced) to the poles ?

submitted by /u/matiu2
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Why do sand dunes that aren't on the ocean exist?

Posted: 24 Mar 2021 03:14 PM PDT

There are a few land-locked places in the United States like White Sands New Mexico where there are sand dunes. Nearby, throughout the rest of the generally desert climate of NM, AZ, and areas of Texas, there aren't sand dunes, but there is more than enough sand to accumulate and become dunes. Instead, in those surrounding areas, the sand is spread out and punctuated by rocks and plant life. But in these land-locked dunes, you don't see tons of rocks or plant life on top of the dunes because the sand is constantly moving in the wind (I guess?).

Why do these dunes in the middle of nowhere exist but the surrounding areas are completely different? Does weather in one of these sand dune areas differ from other nearby desert areas - like, there's no rain, or the wind in that particular area is regularly higher speeds than surrounding areas?

submitted by /u/ojfs
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Why does light refract towards the normal/vertical line, when it hits a more dense surface?

Posted: 24 Mar 2021 04:14 PM PDT

I ve been told this conserves energy and that thats part of the reason. Sadly this answer couldnt satisfy me, because why would the light wave want to conserve that energy.

submitted by /u/kriegsotter0709
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