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Sunday, December 27, 2020

Have there been any "new" craters on the Moon observed in recent history?

Have there been any "new" craters on the Moon observed in recent history?


Have there been any "new" craters on the Moon observed in recent history?

Posted: 26 Dec 2020 07:08 PM PST

As in from a recent impact, not just ones that have been mapped. Thanks!

submitted by /u/PainusPentauffenfaus
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What’s the difficulty in making a pill that actually helps you lose weight?

Posted: 27 Dec 2020 03:05 AM PST

I have a bit of biochemistry background and kind of understand the idea, but I'm not entirely sure. I do remember reading they made a supplement that "uncoupled" some metabolic functions to actually help lose weight but it was taken off the market. Thought it'd be cool to relearn and gain a little insight. Thanks again

submitted by /u/MastahFred
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Why don't we make vaccines for plants?

Posted: 27 Dec 2020 04:38 AM PST

I was watching a video recently, and it talked about how a certain cultivar of bananas, gros micheal, was basically wiped off the face of the earth. And how the current popular cultivar, cavendish, is now being hit by the same disease.

The fact that we invaded honduras 7 times for bananas and coined the term banana republic for love of the fruit, yet we don't have a solution for this banana plague that is obliterating them from the face of the earth boggles my mind. I assume there is a good reason for this? A reason we can't give a tree a shot or inoculate a grain against blight?

submitted by /u/zerothehero0
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can exposure to small viral loads of covid-19 provide immunity?

Posted: 27 Dec 2020 07:54 AM PST

I read that in order to contract the disease you must be exposed to a certain level of viral load, i.e. by spending more than a few seconds with a sick person. this implies that if a small amount of the virus finds its way to someone's body his immune system an defend itself from it. does this also imply that if an individual gets exposed to small viral loads could develop antibodies against covid-19 ?

submitted by /u/militantcookie
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My understanding is that the COVID mRNA vaccine uses modified nucleotides to prevent an immune response to the RNA and to increase translation. After the vaccine mRNA is translated, will these modified nucleotides be reused in other RNA strands and, if so, would that alter the way those RNAs behave?

Posted: 26 Dec 2020 09:31 PM PST

Why do flames stick together?

Posted: 26 Dec 2020 11:28 PM PST

I understand why water sticks together in droplets (hydrogen bonds, surface tension, etc) but not why two flames conjoin into a single flame. Please explain

submitted by /u/Shuihoppy
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What happens when a piece of debris punctures an astronaut's suit (and cuts open a blood vessel) in outer space?

Posted: 27 Dec 2020 03:43 AM PST

In the movie 'Midnight Sky', one of the astronauts dies after bleeding into their suit shortly after a piece of shrapnel flew into it. She noticed some droplets of blood floating past her, and then went into the spacecraft where, after pressures were equalized, the helmet was removed and blood flew out. It looked like she bled out within 5 minutes. Assuming the technology is the same as ours', is this accurate? When a system of high pressure such as the cardiovascular one, comes into contact with space, won't the blood be sucked out quicker? Also, since the lower part of the space suit was communicating with the helmet, wouldn't she stop breathing as soon as the suit was punctured in outer space?

submitted by /u/nickoskal024
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What is the best way to measure the true density of solid powder?

Posted: 26 Dec 2020 11:59 PM PST

What is the best way to accurately measure the true density of solid powder that is non-soluble in water, soluble in alcohol and less density than water? I would like it to be not too expensive and don't use large quantity to compensate the errors. I have used the 10ml-pycnometer with water, but since the powder float, the error is to large no matter how careful I tried not to let the powder came off when closing the lid. Gas pycnometer is too expensive for me. Or using large pycnometer might be the best way for me.

Thank you.

submitted by /u/hatecrew69
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Could a virus become immune to vaccination?

Posted: 26 Dec 2020 06:20 PM PST

How did researchers avoid triggering a severe immune reaction with mRNA vaccines?

Posted: 26 Dec 2020 06:23 PM PST

Just read this great article (https://www.statnews.com/2020/11/10/the-story-of-mrna-how-a-once-dismissed-idea-became-a-leading-technology-in-the-covid-vaccine-race/) detailing the development of the COVID vaccine, had my mind blown by how crazy/smart the development of this vaccine was. It mentioned one of the big obstacles in animal trials was avoiding a dangerous immune response, but the solution was glossed over. The article mentioned the vaccines developed just coded for the spikes, so was the solution to use just a tiny amount of mRNA so it would fly under the radar and avoid triggering an allergic reaction?

submitted by /u/pro_nage
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How to rocket engines use liquid fuel while in zero gravity?

Posted: 26 Dec 2020 06:24 PM PST

With the liquid fuel just floating around, how can a rocket light up its engines again? Is there some sort of RCS thruster activation that needs to occur before the fuel is in its proper place?

submitted by /u/remote5891
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Will birds raise the young of other birds, even if the other bird is not a cuckoo?

Posted: 26 Dec 2020 12:33 PM PST

Would it be possible to treat a viral infection by taking a drug that encourages maladaptive mutations?

Posted: 26 Dec 2020 03:40 PM PST

Viruses replicate inside of us millions/billions(?) of times and mutations happen often. Could we affect the replication processes to cause mutations that affect virus' transmissibility, or number and severity of symptoms? And could this be done in a way that allows us to treat viruses generally, and not have to create specific antiviral for each new virus?

submitted by /u/NotAnotherLibrarian
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Has a change in greenhouse gases emission been noticed due to lockdowns around the world? If so, how significant?

Posted: 26 Dec 2020 09:04 AM PST

Will Covid-19 have a significant impact on the global population balance? How does it’s death rate compare to the global birth rate?

Posted: 26 Dec 2020 01:39 PM PST

What regions on earth are ice- or snow-covered all year long?

Posted: 26 Dec 2020 10:25 AM PST

I wanted to know which regions on our planet are visibly snowy or icy the whole year.

Found out there is the snow-line concept where there is snow over a certain ground height. That's a good start.

So two questions: 1. Is there no flatland with all-year snow? Only hills? 2. Is there like a map out there where I can see all the snowy/icy regions on earth that are never free of snow or ice?

Google mentions a lot of places but a world map would be awesome!

submitted by /u/Current_Fisherman415
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How can we know the half-life of Rubidium-87?

Posted: 26 Dec 2020 01:08 PM PST

As the title says, I wonder how scientist can know the half-life of Rubidium-87, since it is about 49 billion years? I am really not a clever guy when it comes to this part of science, but I just read about it, and came to think about how it is possible to know/confirm this?

(Sorry for any grammar mistakes, but english is not my first language)

submitted by /u/Stavblender
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Does the air temperature affect the speed at which smell spreads?

Posted: 26 Dec 2020 03:33 AM PST

Often, when reading about ice ages,there will be a mention of the thought, that there has only ever been 1 ice age with breaks. What are the arguments for this?

Posted: 26 Dec 2020 10:16 AM PST

Whenever I see this argument, it is never mentioned why this could be considered as a possibility other than multiple ice ages. However, whenever anyone asks a similar question, it is often answered with something akin to: "Think of it as a football match with half-time. Second half is still the same football game."

I realize this, but I have never been told that there could be anything other than a philosophical aspect to it. Because, at the end of the day I have never been presented with anything other than comparisons to other stuff, and nothing else.

submitted by /u/HauntingBird
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Saturday, December 26, 2020

How can a vessel contain 100M degrees celsius?

How can a vessel contain 100M degrees celsius?


How can a vessel contain 100M degrees celsius?

Posted: 26 Dec 2020 07:43 AM PST

This is within context of the KSTAR project, but I'm curious how a material can contain that much heat.

100,000,000°c seems like an ABSURD amount of heat to contain.

Is it strictly a feat of material science, or is there more at play? (chemical shielding, etc)

https://phys.org/news/2020-12-korean-artificial-sun-world-sec-long.html

submitted by /u/therealkevinard
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Christmas question: 'A bad lobster in a dark cellar' - what does it mean???

Posted: 25 Dec 2020 09:35 AM PST

I am rereading Dickens' A Christmas Carol. There is a line that says, 'It was not in impenetrable shadow as the other objects in the yard were, but had a dismal light about it, like a bad lobster in a dark cellar.' What does this mean? Do lobsters have bioluminescence when they start to go bad? Would they glow for some other reason? Do they glow at all? Can anyone shed any light on this?

Thank you!

submitted by /u/wind_stars_fireflies
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Are the RNA vaccines self-amplifying and if so what does that mean? Also, which type of cells does the RNA insert itself into and are they killed by the immune system in response?

Posted: 26 Dec 2020 05:38 AM PST

Are there any complex natural structures/entities consisting of a variety of repeating molecules which do not contain RNA?

Posted: 26 Dec 2020 07:18 AM PST

Can only organisms and viruses produce complex molecular structures and polymers in nature, or are there other systems that contain a large amount of repeating complex patterns?

submitted by /u/BnaiRephaim
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Why does iridescence seems to tend toward cool hues, mainly cool pinks and blues?

Posted: 26 Dec 2020 05:37 AM PST

As the title says

submitted by /u/benderlemagnificent
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Are the emotions induced by music universal among different cultures or are they something learned?

Posted: 26 Dec 2020 08:25 AM PST

There seems to be a lot of consensus about what music is sad, happy scary etc. but is this something created by culture or is it something more primitive and in common for all people? If it is not learned but imbedded within our brain, what would be the explanation for it, since it doesn't seem it is present in nature in any way.

submitted by /u/mishoPLD
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Do all elements have unique light signatures when light is reflected off their surface?

Posted: 26 Dec 2020 07:22 AM PST

Do all elements have unique light signatures when light is reflected from their surface? If so, could lasers be used to identify metal during plane crash searches and also identify precious metals during geological surveys?

submitted by /u/Mountain-Market-7924
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What makes depleted uranium beneficial as a projectile?

Posted: 25 Dec 2020 11:10 AM PST

Is there some effect that depleted uranium bullets / shells have? I understand the 'depleted' part just means it's not radioactive (right?) but why is it specifically used.

I seem to have read some things about it carrying more energy because of its density, but to get that energy out, wouldn't you have to put more energy in to fire it in the first place?

submitted by /u/FluffonStuff
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Why are there so many alphabets (+350), but so few numeral systems?

Posted: 26 Dec 2020 04:50 AM PST

How is the new variant of Covid identified? Are medics required to use new testing methods?

Posted: 26 Dec 2020 03:38 AM PST

Besides the typical inactivated vaccine and the new mRNA vaccine, what are other types of immunizations out there and are there any new promising types in the works?

Posted: 25 Dec 2020 07:57 PM PST

The "killed vaccine" seems most commonplace in the world, and with the recent developments and deployments of mRNA vaccines, I've begun to wonder what else is out there (and perhaps what else is possible). Can anyone help with this?

submitted by /u/ano1067
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Does the climate of an area affect or determine what type of metals are commonly found there?

Posted: 25 Dec 2020 02:56 PM PST

I tried searching myself online, but was having trouble find anything useful. I may have just been using the wrong keywords.

submitted by /u/theflockofnoobs
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How are vaccines for strains approved, if it takes a year for FDA to approve the original vaccine? eg flu strains, covid-21

Posted: 25 Dec 2020 03:24 PM PST

Are the oceans desserts?

Posted: 25 Dec 2020 07:30 AM PST

How much rainfall does it get? Is that the only factor in deciding something is a dessert?

submitted by /u/average_sex
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How exactly does the coronavirus cause people to lose their senses of taste and smell? Or if we don't know, what are the theories?

Posted: 24 Dec 2020 11:49 PM PST

Why do some countries still actively working on COVID vaccines even if there is one already available for use in other countries?

Posted: 25 Dec 2020 04:14 AM PST

My country has just stated that a vaccine is being worked on and should be available for public use in mid-late 2021. However some countries like USA already have vaccines authorized for public use. Why would we still need to work on making one when we can just use the one that has already been tested and proven to be effective?

submitted by /u/TheFlyingMumu
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What is it that prevents scientists from developing an HIV vaccine?

Posted: 24 Dec 2020 08:53 PM PST

A COVID vaccine was developed in less than a year. Why hasn't an HIV vaccine been developed yet?

submitted by /u/phatpun561
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After being exposed, how long does it take to become contagious with COVID? And how does that process work? Does the virus have to enter your blood stream?

Posted: 24 Dec 2020 09:39 PM PST

Follow up question What stops people from being contagious?

submitted by /u/ski-da-alps20
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Friday, December 25, 2020

why do atoms that are closer to filling their valence shell attract electrons more strongly than atoms that need more electrons?

why do atoms that are closer to filling their valence shell attract electrons more strongly than atoms that need more electrons?


why do atoms that are closer to filling their valence shell attract electrons more strongly than atoms that need more electrons?

Posted: 25 Dec 2020 12:06 AM PST

the only reason I can think of is more protons=stronger attraction of negatively charged electrons, but is that it or is there another reason?

submitted by /u/Tachi-Roci
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How do experts come to know that the recent British strain of COVID-19 is ~ 70% more transmissible?

Posted: 24 Dec 2020 02:34 PM PST

Is it because the virus needs less of its particles to infect? Is it longer lasting in the air? What exactly makes it more transmissible and does that change the currently accepted measures (masks or distancing making less of a difference for example)? Thanks!

submitted by /u/dogegodofsowow
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What causes a battery to lose its ability to store charge? Like when your phone over time lasts for less time on a full charge

Posted: 24 Dec 2020 09:10 PM PST

Does the latent heat of water decrease or increase with increase in pressure?

Posted: 25 Dec 2020 01:07 AM PST

In my textbook, it says that latent heat of water decreases with increase in pressure. My understanding, is that the amount of heat we need to supply, to convert it from liquid to vapour decreases with increase in pressure.

Isn't it also true, that with a decrease in pressure, water converts more readily to steam. Which is why at higher altitudes, the boiling point is lower than 100 deg C. These seem to contradict each other and I'm somewhat confused.

submitted by /u/Suki1387
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Why does Cherenkov radiation happen?

Posted: 24 Dec 2020 08:38 AM PST

I understand that Cherenkov radiation occurs when a charged particle(usually an electron) moves faster than the speed of light in a medium(usually light water). It's similar to a sonic boom where an object moves faster than the speed of sound in air.

What I don't understand is why water slows down light by a lot but only slows electrons by a relatively small amount.

Say for instance you had an electron gun and a photon emitter in outer space. There's no way that the electron could ever travel faster than the photon. But somehow in water the photon is slowed down so much that it is possible for the electron to exceed its speed. Why is that?

submitted by /u/Trainbus6000
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Should we see a mild flu season?

Posted: 24 Dec 2020 10:43 AM PST

In theory, should we be seeing a lower than average amount of flu cases this year due to the enhanced social distancing, mask wearing, and sanitization? Will we actually? Why or why not?

submitted by /u/sgtmjrtom
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Could the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine work for SARS-CoV?

Posted: 24 Dec 2020 01:34 PM PST

I was reading a research article about the spike protein on SARS-CoV-2 and read it was very similar to the SARS-CoV spike protein but with a higher affinity for the ACE2 receptor. Since they both target that receptor and they're similar in structure, could the vaccine work for both viruses?

submitted by /u/DrRoer
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How far from the sea do you still need to be worried about salinity for agriculture?

Posted: 24 Dec 2020 11:21 AM PST

How far from the sea do you still need to be worried about salinity for agriculture?

submitted by /u/2ADF379FF404DEEF
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What causes fluctuations in thermodynamic equilibrium?

Posted: 24 Dec 2020 04:23 PM PST

Why are there "random" decreases of entropy in systems already in thermodynamic equilibrium? Is there anything that causes them? Can they really lead to things like Boltzmann Brains?

submitted by /u/Thr0w4w4y453
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Will creating vaccines for the new strains of COVID be much faster?

Posted: 24 Dec 2020 09:36 AM PST

Now that the first COVID-19 vaccines were created, will the creation of vaccines for the new strains be much quicker?

Do the vaccines only need a small alteration to combat a new strain?

submitted by /u/saturday_lunch
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Did the Earth’s natural landscape in the Cretaceous period look virtually identical to today’s world with grassy plains, green forests and jungles, blue lakes and rivers? Or would it seem like an alien world to us with different size, shape and colour flora and fauna?

Posted: 24 Dec 2020 09:42 AM PST

How do grass-fed farm animals develop fat?

Posted: 24 Dec 2020 05:22 PM PST

Is it from glycogenesis using plant sugars?

submitted by /u/zephyredx
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Which organs or body parts are usually in good shape and could survive much longer when we die of “old age”?

Posted: 24 Dec 2020 05:42 AM PST

If any. And if so, how long will they last?

submitted by /u/Electrochromic_
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How does a bacterial and viral vaccine differ?

Posted: 24 Dec 2020 10:44 AM PST

This may be dumb but I just realized that there are vaccines for bacteria and viruses. But do they work the same? Do you get a weaker version of both? I know with the new covid vaccines they taget the protein that reproduces but covid is a virus; do bacterial infections like TB, Typhoid, and Hansen's have something similar?

submitted by /u/mejohn00
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Whatever happened to SARS-Cov - the first one?

Posted: 24 Dec 2020 12:07 PM PST

SARS vaccine research was being undertaken in Singapore in 2005 by inserting Sars-Cov-1 spike proteins in microbiome bacteria. Is it possible this bacteria snuck out of the lab, secretly immunizing us to SARS-Cov-1? Is that why SARS-Cov-1 never made a comeback?

https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/48645831.pdf

Why did SARS-1 disappear?

submitted by /u/twohammocks
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Where do cavefish get their vitamin D?

Posted: 24 Dec 2020 03:13 PM PST

Do they make their own or what's making it for them in the food chain?

submitted by /u/geopolit
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Is getting vaccined against the previous SARS viruses help getting protected from covid19?

Posted: 24 Dec 2020 02:52 PM PST

How does tonsillectomy affect lymphocyte to neutrophil ratio?

Posted: 24 Dec 2020 07:57 PM PST

Does the uranium used in nuclear reactors ever decay?

Posted: 24 Dec 2020 09:37 AM PST

Pretty self explanatory question really, I'm just wondering if through the process of it being used that it ever decays into anything during it's lifetime inside the reactor.

submitted by /u/testaccount_2424
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How poisonous is Wolfs Bane, and are it’s effects on the human body accurate irl when compared to its effects in Ghost of Tsushima (2020)?

Posted: 24 Dec 2020 02:45 PM PST

I'm the video game, Ghost of Tsushima, the main character uses a blowgun and poisonous darts (created using the plant Wolfs Bane, AKA Monkshood, as the poison) to kill his enemies. In the game, it's is demonstrated through multiple cutscenes and gameplay animations that the effect of Wolfsbane poison is immediate on the victim, inducing uncontrollable vomiting of blood, as well as choking on their own blood. Is Wolfs Bane as dangerous and poisonous irl as it is portrayed in the game? What would the effects be irl if a human were to be shot with a dart contaminated in this poison?

submitted by /u/Wicked_Potato-75
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