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Saturday, April 27, 2019

In light of the recent first Marsquake recorded, what causes Marsquakes? Does Mars have tectonic plates like Earth?

In light of the recent first Marsquake recorded, what causes Marsquakes? Does Mars have tectonic plates like Earth?


In light of the recent first Marsquake recorded, what causes Marsquakes? Does Mars have tectonic plates like Earth?

Posted: 27 Apr 2019 12:18 AM PDT

Why don't planets twinkle as stars do? My understanding is that reflected light is polarised, but how it that so, and why does that make the light not twinkle passing through the atmosphere?

Posted: 26 Apr 2019 08:35 AM PDT

“23559” listed as makeup ingredient, what is it?

Posted: 26 Apr 2019 04:10 PM PDT

Not sure if this is the right place but it's worth a shot, I thought chemistry was the most appropriate flair so I hope that's right. Obligatory apologies for mobile.

So I had a weird reaction to my makeup remover so I'm going through my different products' ingredients trying to figure out what did it. The "good" makeup remover I'm comparing the "bad" one to has the number 23559 listed as the last ingredient with no chemical name before it, so I'm confused. There's a comma before it so it's not associated with the previous ingredient (which is "Red 40 (CI 16035)" if that matters). I've tried googling stuff but I came up short so I figured I'd ask you guys. Thanks in advance!

Edit: I found a link with the ingredients listed & it has 23559 listed as the last ingredient just like the bottle.

submitted by /u/crave-perspective
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If light is produced by the release of photons when electrons return to stable energy levels, why do blackbody objects emit light over a continuous and wide spectrum?

Posted: 27 Apr 2019 06:52 AM PDT

Doing some light reading on the Internet and was reading up on black body objects and why objects glow when they heat. I was told that photons are released through the excitement of electrons, and then you have things with emission spectrums and so on. This implies that the spectrum should only have very specific wavelengths of light. However, I have looked at spectrum graphs of objects such as incandescent lightbulbs and found that they emit light over a continuous spectrum of various intensities that extend over a significant range of wavelengths.

Why is this so? Why are the emission spectrum wavelengths not emitted? What is it in the function of blackbody objects that make them emit light across a constant stream of wavelengths?

submitted by /u/SolarSupport
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The 2011 earthquake in Japan shortened the length of the day by 1.8 microseconds. How was this measured?

Posted: 26 Apr 2019 04:35 PM PDT

When the Suez Canal was dug, how were the ecosystems of the Mediterranean and Red Sea affected?

Posted: 26 Apr 2019 12:56 PM PDT

How does browning of meat during the cooking process occur without any listed sugar?

Posted: 27 Apr 2019 04:40 AM PDT

I was under the impression, that the brown color of the sear of e.g. a steak comes mostly from the Maillard reaction. Wikipedia tells me, that the Maillard reactions requires both proteins and sugars to occur.
While theres obviously plenty of protein in any meat, the label always says '0g carbohydrates'.

I have also read, that red meat contains the sugar Neu5Gc (that ones a topic for another day).

So my question(s) would be:

Are trace amounts of sugars (too little for the label) enough to facilitate the Maillard reaction?

Does the label not have to list "special" carbohydrates other than the more well knowns, like sucrose, fructose etc etc.?

submitted by /u/Morczubel
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Where are our memories stored?

Posted: 26 Apr 2019 11:07 PM PDT

How do you determine if a liquid that exists on Mars or Europa is H2O molecules?

Posted: 26 Apr 2019 07:47 PM PDT

It's not like scientists brought a sample to Earth and analyzed it, but why can they say it's water?

submitted by /u/HanGUl95
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Do some microorganisms live in cloud formations?

Posted: 26 Apr 2019 02:50 PM PDT

I get how cosmological redshift works, but how do we know what the original wavelength of that light was?

Posted: 26 Apr 2019 01:06 PM PDT

I get that astronomers use redshift to measure distance to galaxies, and kind of understand how it could happen. But how do we know what the original wavelength of that light was to measure how much it's shifted?

submitted by /u/ChanceState
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Is it reasonable all isotopes heaver than Hydrogen-1 will eventually decay?

Posted: 26 Apr 2019 12:41 PM PDT

The recent announcement about Xenon-124 decaying with a gargantuan half life has me wondering if all elements are unstable, given infinite time.

It was explained to me in chemistry that particles seek the lowest possible energy state. How far can that go? Iron? Hydrogen? Smaller?

submitted by /u/sctprog
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How do you prove the existence of ‘black holes’ ?

Posted: 26 Apr 2019 09:30 PM PDT

Does transmission through various corrective lens materials, e.g. contacts and glasses affect the spectral distribution transmitted?

Posted: 26 Apr 2019 08:22 AM PDT

Or do they design around this to achieve a relatively "flat" transmission curve?

I can only find info about the percent of total light transmitted compared to the refractive index, so maybe I just don't have the right google terms. And of course there's loads of info about sunglasses but that's not what I am interested in

submitted by /u/StraightTooth
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How are new antibiotics created and tested?

Posted: 26 Apr 2019 09:24 AM PDT

Can satallites take photos of planets outside of our solar system?

Posted: 25 Apr 2019 10:08 PM PDT

I'm typing this on my phone at 1 am. So please excuse me if I dont make sense or I mess up somewhere.

Hi, so with the recent photo of the black hole it got me thinking. If we can take a photo of a black hole that is a million light years away, why cant we take photos of planet surfaces? I looked up how planets can sustain life, and I was told that up to 40 million planets CAN inhabit life. And that 11 million of them are very closely related to Earth. If our satallites can take photos of our planet, can we take photos of other "earth-like" planets? Maybe to see if there are other lifeforms?

Basically what I'm saying is, why dont we check for lifeforms by taking photos of planets closest to ours?

Edit: Thanks for all the answers! I really appreciate it. It's just the thought that there would be chance of finding other intelligent lifeforms like us. And I was thinking if I should put this in Astromy but I felt like Planetary Sci. wouldve been better. Thanks

submitted by /u/ohyeahsadboy
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How was the world map created?

Posted: 25 Apr 2019 08:29 PM PDT

How did scientists create such an accurate map of the world with such precise coordinates and how long ago was this done?

submitted by /u/Im_A_Massive_AssHole
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I’ve read that plastic slowly decomposes over about 1000 years. What exactly causes it to decompose over such a long period of time? Why doesn’t it just never decompose?

Posted: 25 Apr 2019 06:59 PM PDT

What is happening on a cellular level when we get dry skin?

Posted: 25 Apr 2019 08:20 PM PDT

I have tried googling this but cannot find anything like I am looking for. I'm curious what changes, if any, happen to skin cells when the skin gets dry and how applying lotion impacts those cells.

submitted by /u/Sabora12
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Friday, April 26, 2019

How does iron ore form from individual molecules created in a generation 1 star?

How does iron ore form from individual molecules created in a generation 1 star?


How does iron ore form from individual molecules created in a generation 1 star?

Posted: 25 Apr 2019 03:59 PM PDT

1st generation stars create heavier elements in form of atoms and then explode sending these elements off into space when syar dies and goes nova.

How do these stray atoms group together into tangible iron nuggets or iron ore? Is that happening while drifting in space or does some geological mechanism cause the stray atoms to group into a vein of tangible iron ore? Thanks.

submitted by /u/WatchHores
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Why do we measure decay in half-lives rather than just lives?

Posted: 25 Apr 2019 07:50 PM PDT

Why is the newborn heel prick test is done on the heel?

Posted: 25 Apr 2019 02:21 PM PDT

Wondering why the heel spesifically.

submitted by /u/unrealdreams
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Would LIGO results improve if there were a third branch perpendicular to the existing two?

Posted: 25 Apr 2019 11:32 AM PDT

Is an algorithm that’s good at identifying one type of objects in pictures/videos (e.g. faces, cars, birds) expected to be a better starting point for learning to identify other types of objects, or is it just as easy to start from scratch?

Posted: 26 Apr 2019 02:43 AM PDT

[Physics] [Chemistry] Why does something smoulder instead of be on fire with a flame? What's happening physically?

Posted: 25 Apr 2019 08:27 AM PDT

How are meteors/asteroids tracked?

Posted: 25 Apr 2019 09:10 AM PDT

After watching news reports covering the Chelyabinsk meteor of 2013, it seems that this particular meteor was unable to be tracked because of it's small size (about 2 SUV's).

submitted by /u/NuREVa
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Is there any support for fields that exist that have no observed particles that they interact with?

Posted: 25 Apr 2019 09:01 PM PDT

Every fundamental particle appears to be excitations of their own respective field which pervades all space and time, but does it appear that there could be fields which just never get excited, but also overlap the others waiting for an interaction that doesn't exist?

submitted by /u/pimpmastahanhduece
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Are all IIEE float and double numbers rational?

Posted: 25 Apr 2019 02:22 PM PDT

Throughout the history of the Earth, which land areas have shifted the least and the most?

Posted: 25 Apr 2019 03:30 PM PDT

We (hopefully) all know that Earth used to be a single continental landmass that has since separated and drifted apart immensely. What land masses have shifted the least over these few hundreds of millions of years. And what are the implications (climate-wise, biological, cultural, etc) of experiencing a large shift versus a small shift?

submitted by /u/hardysrule1997
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How can an Earthquake alter the Earths rotational speed?

Posted: 25 Apr 2019 06:55 PM PDT

Just saw an article which said that an earthquake in Japan in 2011 caused the Earths rotation to speed up shortening our days by 1.8 milliseconds.

How would this work? Earth is free floating in space so I would think for it's rotation to be altered an external force would need to be applied to the entire earth no? Like an asteroid impact or something?

submitted by /u/TTTyrant
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Size comparison: Simbakubwa Kutokaafrika vs Andrewsarchus Mongoliensis?

Posted: 25 Apr 2019 05:47 AM PDT

Recent news articles declare Simbakubwa to be the largest carnivorous land mammal of all time, beating out the polar bear. I was under the impression that this title was held by Andrewsarchus, but I can't find any sources comparing the size of each. Given that we only have limited fossil remains of these 2 enormous predators, which was likely the larger beast?

submitted by /u/Supervinyl
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Are sand grains permanently the size that they are? If so, why don’t they erode any smaller?

Posted: 25 Apr 2019 08:33 AM PDT

What is dandruff and how does it form?

Posted: 25 Apr 2019 05:05 AM PDT

How did improperly treated water cause lead to be released into Flint, Michigan’s water system?

Posted: 25 Apr 2019 05:19 AM PDT

What makes cow's milk amenable to homogenization that is different from plant milks that use emulsifying agents?

Posted: 25 Apr 2019 05:35 AM PDT

Are all batteries subject to degradation over time?

Posted: 25 Apr 2019 02:55 AM PDT

Despite the recent shifts from fossil fuels to batteries, it seems that lithium-ion will always be subject to irreversible chemical degradation, reducing capacity by up to 50% given enough time.

Is this the case with all batteries e.g. lead acid? I read something about graphene batteries not having this problem.

submitted by /u/Nilsdog
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If hemoglobin is more efficient than myoglobin, why do we have both?

Posted: 24 Apr 2019 08:25 PM PDT

Is there a maximum distance between the mean and median of a set of data, say as a function of the standard deviation?

Posted: 24 Apr 2019 09:12 PM PDT

For example, is it possible to have a set of data with mean mu=0, median med=100, and standard deviation sigma=1. The standard deviation is "small", so the data should be "close together", which doesn't seam compatible with having enough data points sufficiently smaller than 100 to force the mean to be 0.

Edit: This may be bad form, but I think I answered my own question. I can prove
|med-mu|is at most 2sigma for any set of data. This is a crude estimate, and a better inequality might exist. I can post the proof later, if there is interest.

submitted by /u/i_want_to_go_to_bed
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Monospecies activity of pollinators other than bees?

Posted: 24 Apr 2019 08:33 PM PDT

Long ago (VERY long ago) I was told that bees leave the hive and visit only one flower species on that trip. This is confirmed by noting the type of pollen gathered upon returning.

Today, I'm watching Nature on butterflies however, and wing pollination was mentioned. Since this is not a food source, there is less, if any, reason to only visit one species per day.

My question is: Are butterflies bound by the monospecies rules of bees? I understand that a single flower type may all be most ripe and providing the most nectar today, but if there are multiple good nectar sources, will butterflies visit all of them and perform pollination for multiple species on the same day?

submitted by /u/diogenes_shadow
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Thursday, April 25, 2019

How do we know it rains diamonds on saturn?

How do we know it rains diamonds on saturn?


How do we know it rains diamonds on saturn?

Posted: 24 Apr 2019 04:04 PM PDT

AskScience AMA Series: You've most certainly heard stories about young athletes collapsing and dying while playing their beloved sport. These athletes often have the rare, genetic heart condition ARVC. I am Dr. Cynthia James, and I study how to better help people who have this disease. AMA!

Posted: 25 Apr 2019 04:00 AM PDT

Hi Reddit! As a researcher and genetic counselor at Johns Hopkins Medicine, I'm part of a team that recently helped create a computer program that predicts who is at risk of sudden death in people with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). This tool will help us figure out who would benefit most from an implanted device that shocks the heart to get it back into rhythm. And, it could prevent 20 percent of patients with the disease from receiving unnecessary - and potentially risky - surgery to place a device that is not needed.

Often, people don't find out that they have ARVC until they experience a near fatal or fatal cardiac event. You may even have a family member who suddenly died because of this, which means someone else in your family - maybe even you - could have it. I'll see everyone at noon Eastern (16 UT), ask me anything!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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If a proton is one down and two up quarks, and a neutron is two down and one up quarks, then how does combining a proton with an electron (a lepton) make a neutron? Is the lepton somehow turned into a down quark?

Posted: 25 Apr 2019 04:14 AM PDT

In Ul ar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction (Tommy John surgery), is the donor tendon anastomosed end to end, or is it overlapped? Also, why is a donor tendon better than some synthetic elastic band?

Posted: 25 Apr 2019 06:14 AM PDT

The ten black hole merger events detected by LIGO over the past five years seems like a lot. Is it?

Posted: 24 Apr 2019 08:23 AM PDT

LIGO has been running for five years, or about one three billionth the age of our universe. I'm amazed that it has already detected ten black hole mergers. Can we interpret this as: 1) there are a LOT of black holes in the universe. 2) the universe is SO huge and mind-boggingly expansive that even rare events are common. 3) there are black hole clusters. or 4) we are seeing mergers from a time when black holes were more common.

submitted by /u/alternatethinking
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Does the volume at which you listen to your headphones impact impact how long it's battery will last? If so how much?

Posted: 24 Apr 2019 03:14 PM PDT

Title says it, I'm curious as to whether listening to a pair of wireless headphones at a certain volume would change the battery life of the headphones and if so how much approximately?

submitted by /u/Inferno_Gear
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How exactly does carbon monoxide work on a molecular level?

Posted: 24 Apr 2019 03:40 PM PDT

From what I know, oxygen needs two electrons to complete its valence shell - but carbon needs four. How would carbon monoxide be stable if the carbon still needs two valence electrons?

submitted by /u/InsertANameHeree
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Do indoor plants (succulents, etc.) improve air quality?

Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:32 PM PDT

I know they have psychological benefits, but information on whether they provide actual air quality benefits is sparse and inconclusive.

submitted by /u/yourmomsreddithandle
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Do other planets suffer from less or more earthquakes compared with earth?

Posted: 24 Apr 2019 02:29 PM PDT

Recently I saw a news article saying it was registered the first earthquake on mars, and that made me wonder, are there more earthquakes in other planets compared with earth?

submitted by /u/Thatbrownmonster_
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Why doesn't the sun explode at all once?

Posted: 24 Apr 2019 03:43 PM PDT

If the sun is mainly hydrogen and helium and it's burning why does it burn over billions of years? Does it have to do with atmospheric difference? If we ignited a bunch of gas in our atmosphere wouldn't it explode rapidly?

submitted by /u/BoggsMcMuncher
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Can something be isotropic but not homogeneous? Or vice versa? If so, how?

Posted: 24 Apr 2019 05:09 PM PDT

How do we know something "causes cancer"?

Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:09 PM PDT

How long can seeds last?

Posted: 24 Apr 2019 08:52 AM PDT

Why can't you pull the car door handle while unlocking it?

Posted: 24 Apr 2019 02:56 PM PDT

Title is pretty self explanatory, but why can't/doesn't the door unlock if someone is pulling the handle while you press the button, on the keys for example?

submitted by /u/wabahoo_on_you
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Is there a fractal, which volume approaches infinity and surface area approaches zero as the iterations approaches infinity?

Posted: 24 Apr 2019 07:22 AM PDT

Hello r/askscience, I recently learned about fractals and the menger sponge. As the number of interations approach infinity, the volume approches 0 and the surface area infinite.

Is there another fractal, which behaves the opposite way (0 surface area, infinite volume)?

Thanks for your answers

submitted by /u/Hikatokage
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Do memories take up physical space?

Posted: 23 Apr 2019 10:07 PM PDT

How Earthquakes are formed ?

Posted: 24 Apr 2019 06:48 AM PDT