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Tuesday, November 27, 2018

The rate of universal expansion is accelerating to the point that light from other galaxies will someday never reach us. Is it possible that this has already happened to an extent? Are there things forever out of our view? Do we have any way of really knowing the size of the universe?

The rate of universal expansion is accelerating to the point that light from other galaxies will someday never reach us. Is it possible that this has already happened to an extent? Are there things forever out of our view? Do we have any way of really knowing the size of the universe?


The rate of universal expansion is accelerating to the point that light from other galaxies will someday never reach us. Is it possible that this has already happened to an extent? Are there things forever out of our view? Do we have any way of really knowing the size of the universe?

Posted: 26 Nov 2018 02:17 PM PST

Is a spider's vision stitched together like ours?

Posted: 27 Nov 2018 06:19 AM PST

Even though we have two eyes, we see one image. In every interpretation of a spider's vision I've seen, they see 8 images. Is theirs actually like that, or do they also see one image?

submitted by /u/abicepgirl
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Are humans getting taller?

Posted: 26 Nov 2018 01:06 PM PST

I've read that Americans, on average, have stayed the same height for the past 50 years. Is this true even now with the amount of immigration from Latin America and Asia where people tend to be shorter on average? Are millennials taller than their parents? Has the age at which we stop growing decreased making young children of this generation taller than the previous generation?

submitted by /u/gay_ass_mf_website
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Could a substance get so hot that it behaves relativistically?

Posted: 27 Nov 2018 06:49 AM PST

If temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of the particles in a substance and we can calculate the root-mean-square velocity of those particles, then hotter substances contain faster-moving particles. At sufficiently high speeds of constituent particles, could macroscopic objects show relativistic effects?

submitted by /u/DrProfJoe
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If current tests to date have shown that matter and anti-matter interact with light the same way (i.e. anti-hydrogen photon emission spectrum is the same as hydrogen), how can we assume that the universe is made up of an abundance of regular matter, and not isolated clusters of each type of matter?

Posted: 27 Nov 2018 07:38 AM PST

Is it feasible to have the Curiosity rover driven to the insight lander and snap a pic of it?

Posted: 26 Nov 2018 10:20 PM PST

Im not sure if its possible at all or if its not probable or if the two are on completely different sides of the planet, but i think it would be the coolest thing in the world for the rover to take a pic of insight

submitted by /u/MarionDamico
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What modulation and/or error correction techniques are used by the Mars rovers to send data to the earth?

Posted: 26 Nov 2018 06:47 PM PST

Is there "air resistance" in space?

Posted: 26 Nov 2018 11:48 PM PST

Yes, I understand that space is a vacuum and that there isn't actually air out there. That being said, I was reading about the interstellar medium and nebulae and was wondering if the density of space would affect the speed of an object going through it. For example, would there be any noticeable change in velocity of the voyager probe as it left our galaxy and entered interstellar space? Or what if it was on course for a particularly dense nebula?

The more of this that I'm typing out the more questions I have. I assume that light would also be refracted through a denser part of space as well- so is that also the case?

submitted by /u/Foxmod
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Why are fast breaths cooler than slow breaths?

Posted: 27 Nov 2018 08:30 AM PST

If temperature is average kinetic energy, why is it colder when I blow air out quickly and warmer when I blow air out slowly? Shouldn't the faster air have a higher overall kinetic energy and therefore a higher temperature?

submitted by /u/ApePac
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Are jackfruit related to corn?

Posted: 27 Nov 2018 08:04 AM PST

http://imgur.com/gallery/ovxcYuY

When I see someone peeling jackfruit, it looks like a giant corn cob. Are they related?

submitted by /u/Rayne2031
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How Nasa gets live daya from mars?

Posted: 27 Nov 2018 12:29 AM PST

I mean light travels from mars to earth in 8 minutes appox. Was that live stream telling us 8 minutes old news?

Edit: data*

submitted by /u/umansia
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What is the physiological mechanism that causes mesolimbic pathway resistance?

Posted: 27 Nov 2018 06:46 AM PST

What is the black-body radiation of a negative-temperature body?

Posted: 26 Nov 2018 06:48 PM PST

That is to say, an emitting medium in a population inversion? Are higher frequencies more common than low?

submitted by /u/FlipChicken
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How realistic fiction portrayal of extraterrestrial decoded humanity's digital radio communication?

Posted: 27 Nov 2018 04:24 AM PST

After reading too much r/hfy stories, a question tugged on my mind.

Considering that in digital communication there are many different file standard and encryption methods, how realistic fiction's usual portrayal of extraterrestrial parked their ships in orbit and somehow able to decode our communication and then using it to communicate with us or at least able to read the files/watch the video?

Pardon my poor grasp of English language.

submitted by /u/YukkuriOniisan
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On Nov. 24th at 5:48 am PDT a 5.3 earthquake 6.2 mi deep happened near the antipode of Portland, OR south of Madagascar near where a fault separates the African Plate from the Antarctic Plate. At around 11:30pm that night I felt vibrations and am wondering if perhaps these waves were related?

Posted: 26 Nov 2018 11:49 PM PST

If Earth had the form of giant cucumber, would the gravity be the same everywhere on it's surface?

Posted: 26 Nov 2018 04:35 PM PST

Does thinner air at higher elevations affect a car's acceleration?

Posted: 26 Nov 2018 06:29 PM PST

I was thinking about this driving down the highway today. Does the thinner air provide less wind resistance enough to make a difference in acceleration?

Additionally does the thinner air/less oxygen make the engine less efficient? Would these offset one another?

submitted by /u/flammablepez
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Why is this Benzene resonance not possible?

Posted: 26 Nov 2018 06:47 PM PST

https://imgur.com/a/wrHcLEV

I was reading an example in my book that asked if the loss of the chlorine leaving group would be stabilized by resonance and couldn't understand why this resonance is not possible.

submitted by /u/Toepuka
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Can anyone explain the mechanism by which exercise boosts the immune system?

Posted: 26 Nov 2018 09:34 PM PST

I've looked into it (slightly) but cannot find a definitive answer

submitted by /u/TheSlakAttack
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How do carcinogens cause cancer?

Posted: 26 Nov 2018 10:41 AM PST

As I understand, cancer is caused by mutations in DNA. I can see how UV light or radiation can cause a mutation by directly damaging the DNA. But how does an exposure to certain chemical cause cancer?

Shouldn't most chemicals be stopped by cell membranes? Or when ingested, wouldn't they normally broken down in the digestive tract before getting into the bloodstream? Also, if a chemical can go all the way into cell nucleus to damage DNA, wouldn't it also cause other kinds of damage, causing cell death?

submitted by /u/IndependentGuy
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Monday, November 26, 2018

Why is there no 1-methyl pentane?

Why is there no 1-methyl pentane?


Why is there no 1-methyl pentane?

Posted: 26 Nov 2018 02:46 AM PST

[ive got my answer now thanks guys:)]Can someone explain to me why 1-methyl pentane doesn't exist as a structural isomer of hexane? I've read a few explanations online but I don't understand them. Can you guys help? It's for a piece of work I'm doing on structural isomerism.(Im an a-level chemist who has just started work on isomers and biochemistry)

submitted by /u/commander_shortstop
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Would there be caves on other celestial bodies like there are on Earth?

Posted: 25 Nov 2018 07:06 PM PST

It would make sense that Mars would have caves, but would bodies like Europa, Io, Titan or Mercury have them? If so, why?

submitted by /u/edcamv
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Are there any organisms/living things that use magnets in any way?

Posted: 26 Nov 2018 04:11 AM PST

Apart from humans obviously

submitted by /u/fatoldarabguy
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How is the age of a star determined?

Posted: 25 Nov 2018 04:56 PM PST

Why does alcohol not cause dopamine resistance in the mesolimbic pathway like other drugs?

Posted: 26 Nov 2018 08:19 AM PST

I know with other drugs, you night end up feeling depressed because you can't achieve the same level of happiness, why does his not occur with alcohol?

submitted by /u/GforGENIUS
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If left alone, will all of the space debris eventually coalesce into a sort of artificial moon and how long would that take?

Posted: 26 Nov 2018 08:04 AM PST

Why do hydrogen atoms want to bind with other hydrogen atoms?

Posted: 26 Nov 2018 07:35 AM PST

If I am falling with an object (feet on it) and jump right before hitting the ground, could I survive a potentially fatal fall?

Posted: 26 Nov 2018 02:56 AM PST

How does the cabin in an airplane pressurize and maintain that pressure? Where does the oxygen come from as well?

Posted: 25 Nov 2018 03:32 PM PST

Why is weightlifting good for mental health?

Posted: 25 Nov 2018 03:22 PM PST

Why are people more likely to sing/talk to themselves while driving?

Posted: 25 Nov 2018 03:43 PM PST

The mechanics of gravity?

Posted: 25 Nov 2018 10:05 PM PST

Hi there, Science Reddit. I am curious as to how gravity works; is there a formula that links earth's volume and the constant of gravity? Could said formula standardize how strong an object's gravity is? And in the case of earth's gravitational force, what is the distance at which it begins to deteriorate and where it stops functioning altogether, and is there a formula for it as well?

submitted by /u/Dagdade
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What is assymetric magnetic coupling, and how will it affect our day to day lives if it proves practicable for use in consumer electronics?

Posted: 25 Nov 2018 06:44 PM PST

Can lasers be focused to reach an arbitrarily large intensity? (Optics)

Posted: 25 Nov 2018 02:03 PM PST

I saw this video on YouTube ( https://youtu.be/jdjTYlReE-I ), where a guy tries to focus a flashlight but cannot focus it to a greater intensity than the source due to conservation of entendue.

In the same video, he then claims he can focus his laser to heat an object to any arbitrarily large temperature, because lasers have negative energy states and can transfer energy to any material with positive energy states.

He shows how he can focus his laser with a magnifying glass to increase the speed of burning on wood.

However, I believe he is wrong. My hypothesis is this: The laser source is actually small, but the beam is widened in a collimator to produce a parallel beam. His magnifying glass merely focuses it back to its original intensity, thus still fulfilling the conservation of entendue.

Anybody know if this is true? Or can you indeed reach positive infinite kelvin with any home laser and proper focusing.

submitted by /u/Wormsblink
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Will a micro or nano scale aerofoil create lift?

Posted: 25 Nov 2018 08:38 PM PST

As long as there is some positive and negative pressure applied to an aerofoil shaped object, will lift always be generated?

submitted by /u/FineLite
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Is it possible to calculate how much force/ pressure is needed to make a solid material behave like a liquid/dough?

Posted: 25 Nov 2018 01:23 PM PST

Will scientists is future will find new elements as we explore our solar system and outer space more? Or every element is already discovered and listed in periodic table?

Posted: 25 Nov 2018 01:03 PM PST

Why are all the planets of the Solar System revolving on the same horizontal axis but not necessarily every objet of the Solar System. Why aren't all the celestial bodies of the universe on the same plane?

Posted: 25 Nov 2018 08:08 AM PST

In pills that are designed to be split into halves or thirds: how is it guaranteed that each part contains the same dosage?

Posted: 25 Nov 2018 02:51 PM PST

Say, a pill is designed to be split into thirds and contains 150mg of a specifig drug. How do pharma companies guarantee that each third contains 50mg?

submitted by /u/thscplgst
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What would the Sentinelese do with their dead?

Posted: 25 Nov 2018 11:50 AM PST

If the Sentinelese have lived on their island for approximately 55,000 years, what would they do with their dead over such a long time period?

I understand we know very little about them, but I'm curious what their after death rituals are such as burning the bodies, or possibly just burying them.

submitted by /u/inomark
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Sunday, November 25, 2018

What are the properties of an ion engine exhaust? Is it warm? Is the engine loud? What would happen to stuff that gets in the way of the exhaust?

What are the properties of an ion engine exhaust? Is it warm? Is the engine loud? What would happen to stuff that gets in the way of the exhaust?


What are the properties of an ion engine exhaust? Is it warm? Is the engine loud? What would happen to stuff that gets in the way of the exhaust?

Posted: 25 Nov 2018 05:06 AM PST

I have seen ion engines only in games or still images, and I am curious about the effects the exhaust has on stuff. Since it's electrically accelerated propellant, and such a low amount, it feels like it shouldn't affect a hand/other stuff in the exhaust, but I might be completely wrong.

submitted by /u/SimmeP
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The majority of drugs that work in mouse models are not successful in humans. Is the inverse also true, are there drugs that do not work in mouse models but do work in humans?

Posted: 25 Nov 2018 07:21 AM PST

Venn diagram version of question https://imgur.com/etQoR0N

submitted by /u/easy_pie
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Is a star’s luminosity dependant on ‘Big G’?

Posted: 25 Nov 2018 04:13 AM PST

I was reading 'Astro for people in a hurry' by deGrasse Tyson and he stated that 'if you do the math you can determine that a star's luminosity is steeply dependant on 'big G'." I don't remember any such relation - nor can I find it online with a very quick browse. I imagine he is right, since it's in a book, so where am I wrong?

Edit: dependent*

submitted by /u/Almyteacivil
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Does a black hole grow as it absorbs more mass?

Posted: 25 Nov 2018 05:00 AM PST

If two babies never exposed to language grew up alone on a deserted island, would they ever develop any form of language?

Posted: 24 Nov 2018 11:25 AM PST

Just wondering about how natural language is for humans. Would they be silent? Grunt at each other? Or would they naturally form a language full of nouns and verbs?

submitted by /u/tyler0351
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Why is boron classified as a metal and a non-metal on the periodic table?

Posted: 25 Nov 2018 07:18 AM PST

If 300 million years ago oxygen levels were 35%, why are they lower now?

Posted: 25 Nov 2018 12:53 AM PST

It is thought that 300 million years ago the oxygen concentration on Earth may have been as high as 35%. What I don't understand is why oxygen levels in the atmosphere aren't 35% now given the following logic:

Oxygen in the atmosphere is almost entirely a result of organisms doing oxygenic photosynthesis. Photosynthetic organisms split water yielding O2 (which is released to the atmosphere and thus increasing atmospheric O2 concentrations) and the reducing equivalents are used to reduce CO2 into sugars and other organic molecules. So for O2 levels to have been 35% in the atmosphere, a full 66% higher than they are now, then there must have also been 66% more reduced things somewhere else. So my question is where was that extra 66% stored back then, and why isn't it in circulation now?

I've only seen casual explanations for why oxygen levels were higher in the past, and nothing about the discrepancy of high O2 levels vs "reduced things" levels. I'm hoping someone knows of a rigorous article on the subject.

I can postulate 3 options but I'm not really in love with any of them:

Option 1: There could have been 66% more living things 300 mya. But that requires 66% more CO2 to have been reduced into organic molecules in living things. Where did that carbon go over the last 300 mya? For the hypothesis to work, as the quantity of life decreased from it's hypothetical peak 300 mya to now, the carbon would need to be released as CO2. But CO2 levels are thought to be lower now than they were 300 mya, even with the increased fossil fuel use in the last 200 years. Simply burying the life after it died, allowing it to ultimately become coal and oil, doesn't explain the discrepancy. Coal and oil still have the reducing equivalents in them, hence why we can burn them into CO2. So for this hypothesis to be true, some combination of forces was net emitting lots of CO2 then, and net removing CO2 out of the atmosphere now. Some combination of volcanoes vs rock weathering could explain this, but 300 mya is only about 6.6% the age of the Earth. Are these forces really so dynamic as to produce this result in a relatively short period?

Option 2: There was some slowly oxidizing material in the Earths crust that took an extra couple hundred million years to oxidize after the Great Oxygenation Event had oxidized everything else in the crust. In this theory the crust of the Earth was removing O2 out of the atmosphere more slowly than it was being produced for a short while, allowing oxygen to build up to 35%, above the equilibrium amount. Eventually photosynthesis became limited by whatever it's limited by and the O2 equilibrium amount of around 21% was reached, as it is today. But what material would be capable of this slow oxidation that would need to be quite abundant in the crust?

Option 3: After the Great Oxygenation Event the oxygen levels on Earth have been relatively constant around 21%, and simply our ability to measure it accurately is difficult because, you know, 300 million years have elapsed. Since I don't fully understand how the estimates are made I have no ability to really asses their validity. Therefore I'm inclined to trust the people who spend all their time arguing with each other about the estimates.

Edited for clarity

submitted by /u/sadddpanddda
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Can fabric and insulation (heat) be made from non-carbon-based materials?

Posted: 25 Nov 2018 06:21 AM PST

I'm working on a novel, and I'm wondering if there is a substitute for carbon-based materials to make clothes and heat insulation for houses. If so, what processes can be used to produce the carbon-free clothes and insulation?

submitted by /u/fanabomerro
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Is there a molecular or structural difference between cancer and metastatic cancer?

Posted: 25 Nov 2018 06:01 AM PST

Apart from the localization is there a molecular or structural difference between for example HER2-negative ER-positive breast cancer and metastatic cancer of the same type?

submitted by /u/Parallax_Effect
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Escape velocity of Earth is 11.186 km/s. Does rockets we launch goes upward with this speed?

Posted: 24 Nov 2018 10:30 PM PST

If someone resembles one parent in outward appearance does this mean they resemble that one parent "internally" e.g. propensity to heart disease, mental ability, propensity to breast cancer?

Posted: 24 Nov 2018 09:46 AM PST

So if you for example *look* like your dad do you have genetic similarities in the same proportions on things other than outward appearance.

submitted by /u/the_better_angels
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Does previous acclimatization make future acclimatization easier? (X/mountaineering)

Posted: 25 Nov 2018 01:43 AM PST

I was born and raised in a higher altitude/cold climate (Canadian Rockies) but have since moved to sea level in (warmer) Europe. I intend to climb Mont Blanc (French Alps) in a year or so and was wondering if it will be easier for me to acclimatize due to living at a higher altitude most of my life, or if the time spent at sea level will completely reset my system.

submitted by /u/wulfzbane
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Why do butterflies sometimes land on things and open/close their wings really slowly?

Posted: 24 Nov 2018 06:20 AM PST

Why are cro magnon not considered a subspecies but homo sapiens idaltu is when the anatomy of cro magnon seems to be more different to homo sapiens sapiens compared to idaltu?

Posted: 25 Nov 2018 12:51 AM PST

How does it make sense to talk about the volume of a given gas (as an inherent property of it), when gases always occupy the volume of the recipient they are in, and thus have variable volume?

Posted: 24 Nov 2018 12:31 PM PST

It might be too long since I took high-school level physics and I forgot, but declarations like "gas X has a volume of Y liters at standard temperature and pressure" don't currently make much sense to me because gases will expand to occupy the volume of whatever container they're put in.

Thanks for the clarification.

submitted by /u/Kelvets
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Is there much or any variation in size between different people's eyeballs?

Posted: 24 Nov 2018 03:18 PM PST

What is the proportion of the size of blackhole's event horizon compared to the volume of mass that created it?

Posted: 24 Nov 2018 07:18 PM PST

As in, how much bigger/smaller is a black hole than the star that it was born from (accounting for the lost mass during the super nova, if possible)

submitted by /u/SatanicOnion
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If light radiating from a star expands like a sphere in all directions, how is it that after many light years of expansion when that light finally reaches Earth such a small area of that sphere still seems to contain enough photons to blanket every square millimeter of our planet?

Posted: 24 Nov 2018 08:56 AM PST

Whats the difference between Centrifugal and Centripetal force?

Posted: 24 Nov 2018 10:20 AM PST

Is it possible to have planets orbiting a star in significantly different planes, similar to the Rutherford atomic model but with the star as the nucleus?

Posted: 24 Nov 2018 11:14 AM PST

How did laughing and the concept of humour evolve?

Posted: 24 Nov 2018 08:29 AM PST