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Sunday, February 25, 2018

How did Voyager 1 send back images of earth? Film or digital?! lt always bothers me

How did Voyager 1 send back images of earth? Film or digital?! lt always bothers me


How did Voyager 1 send back images of earth? Film or digital?! lt always bothers me

Posted: 25 Feb 2018 06:10 AM PST

I'm not suggesting it ejected a film c canister back to earth....but how did it convert an image to signal and then transmit it?

submitted by /u/Caspianknot
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How do our eyes see the stars much better than a camera?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 10:18 PM PST

Many cameras have much larger sensors our retinas, and larger apertures than our pupils. Still, they need long exposures to capture the stars. The frame rate of the human eye is often said to be in the hundreds. So why can my eye see the stars with a 1/300 second exposure when cameras require 6 or 7 seconds before the same number of stars are visible in the image?

submitted by /u/z0rbe
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Why doesn't bacteria develop a resistance against alcohol such as hand sanitizer, but does so towards antibiotics?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 04:39 PM PST

That an abundant use of antibiotics increases the risk of bacteria evolving a resistance towards the specific antibiotic everybody knows, but why doesn't it happen with Alcohol such as hand sanitizer or similar. Or does bacteria develop resistance towards alcohol as well, and in that case, why are we still encouraged to use hand sanitizers as much as possible?

submitted by /u/ossaar
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Why is “five year survival” the benchmark for successful treatment in cancer? Do some forms of cancer have a different “timeline”?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 03:10 PM PST

With no references or compass, is it possible to distinguish photos of a sunset or a dawn?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 11:02 AM PST

If I took a snap shot of the sun touching an ocean horizon with no land or cloud visible in the am, then the pm, is it possible to tell the difference?

submitted by /u/onlyanhouraday
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Are the muscles in the mouth needed for chewing subject to atrophy after events like a coma or extended starvation?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 02:20 PM PST

I was wondering if it becomes hard to chew similarly yo how it is hard to walk after not using your legs for a long period of time. Also, is therapy to retrain your mouth muscles like it is needed for the legs?

submitted by /u/chewlarue12
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Why is fiberglass safe vs asbestos?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 12:46 PM PST

They're both made of tiny fibers. What is the difference between them?

submitted by /u/yes_fish
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Splitting atoms other than uranium?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 02:11 PM PST

I understand that when we split a uranium atom, a lot of energy is released due to nuclear fission. How about other atoms? Can we split, say, a copper atom or a lithium atom to also release vast amounts of energy? Is uranium used just because it is easy to split? If so, what makes it hard to split a copper or lithium atom?

submitted by /u/tachibana7853
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If someone was fluent in a language when they were really young (4 or 5 yo) but forgot it later on, will relearning it as a teenager or adult be easier for them? Would they be better at pronunciation and/or other aspects of the language?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 08:33 AM PST

Magnetic monopoles: what is their significance and why can't we find them?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 08:38 PM PST

My professor was telling us a few days ago about the fact that nobody has ever found a magnetic monopole. He also said that if discovered, magnetic monopoles could have huge implications for technology, and would also explain the quantization of electric charge. What would be the challenges in creating a magnetic monopole, what would their uses be in technology, and what the hell is quantization of electric charge/ why would monopoles explain this?

submitted by /u/Ggeng
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Why is the level of Carbon-14 (approximately) constant?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 08:31 PM PST

My understanding is that Carbon-14 is converted from Nitrogen-14 in the Atmosphere by Cosmic Rays. It then slowly breaks down by beta-decay back into Nitrogen-14. Also, I've seen it stated numerous places that the level of Carbon-14 is assumed to be fairly constant over time (i.e. the rate of breakdown is equal to the rate of production).

However, why, under normal circumstances, would the rate of production be in any kind of equilibrium with the rate of decay, such that the total carbon-14 in the atmosphere is assumed to be constant? The two processes (production via cosmic rays and breakdown via beta-decay) are completely independent and do not feedback on each other.

Carbon-14 dating assumes that the level of carbon-14 is (relatively) constant throughout time, correcting for various anomalies like supernovas etc via tree rings and other sources.

Shouldn't there be either a slow accumulation or a slow depletion of the Carbon-14 in the atmosphere over time (ignoring the nearly impossible coincidence that these two independent processes happen to be exactly balanced)?

submitted by /u/northdoc
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Half-life of knowledge? A lecture from 1979 on photons by Richard Feynman is on YouTube. Would a 1979 Feynman be able to give a quantum mechanics lecture that will still be "accurate" in 2018?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 09:13 AM PST

I found this Feynman lecture on YouTube called "Photons: Corpuscles of Light." The first part is an hour long. I have not watched it, but I want to because 1) I love Feynman and his passion for science, and 2) I want to learn more about photons.

However, I would not watch a lecture from 1979 on, say, pain science, because I know that I would not be able to trust the information to be accurate. 1979 was a long time ago, at least in the medical sciences, which is what I am familiar with. How much has our knowledge of quantum mechanics -- photons in particular -- changed since 1979? Can I watch this lecture and expect 1979 Feynman to still be "accurate" by 2018 quantum mechanics standards?

This is the video: https://youtu.be/xdZMXWmlp9g

submitted by /u/AuteurTheory
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Why does hot air rise?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 12:57 PM PST

Can frogs and toads tell where they are jumping to? If one were standing on a platform high enough to kill it if it were to jump off, would it know not to?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 08:09 AM PST

Why do vortices that come off of aircrafts fall the way they do, as if they were low density objects?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 11:10 AM PST

I'm in aviation right now and have wondered how swirling vortices fall at a rate of only a few hundred feet a minute. Also, I need to be aware of vortices that linger on runways after heavy aircraft takeoffs/landings. Just wanted an explanation. Thanks!

submitted by /u/B0K0Non
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Why is it so important not to eat before anesthesia?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 08:46 AM PST

If the earth had no velocity around the sun, would it just fall into the sun? How long would that take?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 02:42 PM PST

What would happen if you microwaved something containing no water molecules?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 12:23 PM PST

My understanding of microwaves has always been that they function by causing water molecules to vibrate. Thus, i would expect that microwaving something containing no water would accomplish nothing. Is this correct?

submitted by /u/schneidrew
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Does NASA make money from the technology they develop?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 07:52 PM PST

This website details many things developed by NASA. When they develop new technology, do they sell it or otherwise make money from it?

submitted by /u/DutchLostman
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How did sea water become salty?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 11:37 AM PST

Is salt just a common compound found in rocks which then dissolves into water?

submitted by /u/FAZZA_98
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Saturday, February 24, 2018

What does unplugging your electronics when not in use do for the environment/electricity bill?

What does unplugging your electronics when not in use do for the environment/electricity bill?


What does unplugging your electronics when not in use do for the environment/electricity bill?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 05:12 AM PST

Does smoking THC extract or plant-based marijuana have long-term effects on memory?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 05:54 PM PST

Just curious.

submitted by /u/trojankid1123
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Does it require energy to rotate a particles axis of spin?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 06:04 AM PST

I posted a question here a few days ago, but I didn't get my point across very well, so I'm asking a more basic question.

Whether or not a particle is measured to have spin up or down, the axis by which it "rotates" (I know it isn't actually rotating) is the same. I would assume to rotate that axis would require energy and that energy would depend on how far it has been rotated.

For example, say you have two stern-gerlack machines one after the other. The first one has the magnetic field perpendicular to the ground, the second is on a 60 degree angle to the ground. An electron is sent through the apparatus, and has it's spin measured by both setups.

Did it require energy to to change the angle that its spin was about from 90 degrees to 60 degrees? If so, was that amount of energy dependant on how many degrees it had been rotated?

Thanks!!!

submitted by /u/Tablecork
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Does knowledge have mass? If so, how much does it weigh?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 04:31 PM PST

This may be a stupid question, but as I was running today, I was thinking that as we gain knowledge, we gain more information in our brain, so in a way does that knowledge have mass and does it have weight as you sort of "keep" it in your brain? Thanks! Just curious and I couldn't find similar questions that were already on this sub.

submitted by /u/abeast8900
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What exactly determines mucus's color?

Posted: 24 Feb 2018 07:21 AM PST

We can see galaxies and some other objects that are millions or even billions of light years away, some of them might not exist anymore. How can we know or estimate if a star or a galaxy still exists?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 02:09 PM PST

and second question, if it is true that we can see many objects that no longer exist, how much of the observable universe no longer exist?

submitted by /u/One_Cold_Turkey
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Are people taking immunosuppressant drugs, for example transplant recipients, less susceptible to autoimmune diseases?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 02:25 PM PST

When throwing stuff, does our brain actually try to calculate how hard it has to throw for the item to land at the desired point? Or does it just estimate based on experience?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 12:37 PM PST

I am just wondering wether the brain is secretly awesome at physics or just good at weight / strength estimation.

submitted by /u/styler2go
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How does radiation poisoning work?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 03:59 PM PST

What makes you sick or die?

submitted by /u/Caterpill420
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Could we make an artificial cell?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 02:03 PM PST

Made from the ground up, could it be possible?

submitted by /u/kryger442
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How does thermal imaging work?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 01:46 PM PST

A more in-depth explanation would be appreciated.

submitted by /u/DarthCookiez
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What makes a given smell/taste "bad" or "good". Why do we interpret them one way or the other?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 01:27 PM PST

Even beyond personal tastes, why can we all agree, flowers smell good trash smells bad?

submitted by /u/dustoff87
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How is the height of the mountain measured?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 02:50 PM PST

Does the temperature have any (noticable) effect on air resistance?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 01:35 PM PST

While riding my bike in cold weather, I seem to notice a bit more drag compared to biking in warmer weather. Does the increased density have noticable effect?

submitted by /u/BigBoetje
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What happens to the jaw after permanent teeth grow in?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 01:03 PM PST

Our permanent adult teeth grow in behind our baby teeth and push them out. What happens to the space in our jaws that used to be occupied by the adult teeth?

submitted by /u/someone5793
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What are the neurological or psychological differences between the auditory hallucinations of voices, e.g., as in schizophrenia, and a persistent negative internal monologue in one's own inner voice?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 11:27 AM PST

I've read that when Betelgeuse explodes, it will create high levels of light at night for several days, but would a supernova on the "day side" of Earth even be visible at all?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 10:12 AM PST

[Astronomy]

submitted by /u/upstartweiner
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Does listening to music or videos through headphones/earphones affect actual hearing after extended periods of use?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 10:10 AM PST

What makes the felid species "Neofelis" so distinct from others and a member of Pantherinae?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 02:27 PM PST

Hey!

I stumbled upon this subspecies by looking through Wikipedia for fun and was somehow surprised to find this category which only has two different types in it. The Wikipedia referals were not exactly helping me understand, so I wondered if you have some more concrete or easier to congest information.

What I have stumbled upon is that they are good climbers and rather small, so I'm even more perplexed on what makes them part of the Pantherinae tree.

Hope to gain some interesting insights!

Cheers

submitted by /u/Silvere01
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How does mold grow inside ice machines?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 06:11 PM PST

How does mold subsist inside a cold ice machine, without any light or apparent source of nourishment/ chemical energy?
I tried looking this up online, but the results are all about how to clean / avoid contamination, without explaining the science behind it.

submitted by /u/hypoid77
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Friday, February 23, 2018

What elements are at genuine risk of running out and what are the implications of them running out?

What elements are at genuine risk of running out and what are the implications of them running out?


What elements are at genuine risk of running out and what are the implications of them running out?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 04:33 AM PST

Can you break sound barrier under water or any other material?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 02:10 AM PST

What’s the largest star system in number of planets?

Posted: 22 Feb 2018 10:06 AM PST

Have we observed any system populated by large amount of planets and can we have an idea of these planets size and composition?

submitted by /u/sometimeonabench
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Why does plastic turn white at the creases when folded/bent?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 06:32 AM PST

Do microwaves leave residual changes to molecules after heating?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 02:50 AM PST

Have a coworker who claims microwaves have a residual impact on the molecules in food and this is what causes microwaved food to taste worse than oven-baked food.

I've been puzzled by this since from what I know microwaves just excite water molecules and cause them to heat their surroundings. Yet he claims this changes the molecules in minorly-unhealthy ways.

He also claims the effect of microwaves on food aren't understood, something which I am incredibly sceptic of in this day and age with all the nutrition agencies around the world.

So my question is: do microwaves have any residual effect on food beyond the heat from excited water?

submitted by /u/jacobstx
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Why does snow melt in the sunlight, even when the temperature outside is below freezing?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 01:13 AM PST

My first thought is that the sun is just a big ball of heat, but if the air temp is below freezing, how can the heat melt the snow?

submitted by /u/Gallcws
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What would a spaceship moving at 0.9c firing lasers both in front of it and behind it look like to an external reference frame?

Posted: 22 Feb 2018 08:15 PM PST

I'm having some difficulties wrapping my head around how fast the ship would appear relative to the two lasers. In order for both to be moving away from the spaceship at c, the spaceship would also have to appear to be not moving. Where am I wrong/what am I missing?

submitted by /u/Malsirhc
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How does the cosmic microwave background persist? Why hasn't it been distorted and destroyed by new sources of energy pumping into space?

Posted: 22 Feb 2018 03:59 PM PST

Does adiabatic warming occur when air descends in the Earth's polar cells?

Posted: 22 Feb 2018 11:44 PM PST

If adiabatic warming occurs when air in a Hadley cell descends, would it not also occur when air descends in a polar cell? If not, why?

submitted by /u/wokkaB
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How does a memristor work?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 04:42 AM PST

How does RFID blocking material work?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 07:33 AM PST

Is there an altitude at which there is no longer a speed of sound?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 07:14 AM PST

Mar's summer temperature can be 20 celsius. Could a human survive with just an oxygen mask?

Posted: 22 Feb 2018 11:07 PM PST

I read today that summer temperatures on Mars can reach 20 degrees celsius. Could a human survive outside on Mars without a spacesuit, but with just an oxygen mask during summer days? Could a human being walk outside in shorts, a t-shirt and an oxygen mask during summer afternoons?

submitted by /u/thermal7
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Does the Meissner effect relate to Lenzs law?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 06:15 AM PST

If I drop a powerful magnet down a copper tube, the magnet induced a current in the tube which produces an opposing magnetic force to slow the magnet - this is Lenzs law.

If you could make the resistance zero - would this make the magnet fall infinitely slow - to just levitate in the pipe?

A superconducting magnet does just that - gets a magnet to levitate - according to the Meissner effect. Are the two related?

submitted by /u/max_p0wer
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How does cancer metastasis work?

Posted: 22 Feb 2018 10:54 PM PST

Cancerous cells form somewhere in the body, but how does it get into the lymph system? Does it literally just get transported via the lymph paths to new areas? Through the bloodstream? And when it transports, does it just attach to other stuff and keep growing? Why does it not die when separated from the parent tumor?

submitted by /u/PM_ME_BEAR_GIFS
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Can you use a normal (CMOS) camera for detecting scintillation?

Posted: 22 Feb 2018 05:44 PM PST

I was reading up on how to make a radiation detector using a scintillator, and all of them say that a Photomultiplier (PMT) must be used to detect the scintillation. Can you just use a normal camera (phone camera) to detect this, assuming it was sealed off from all external light?

submitted by /u/dadur604
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Why hasn't The Asteroid Belt formed a planet?

Posted: 22 Feb 2018 07:27 PM PST

Our theory for the origin and organization of our solar system includes the idea that all the current matter in our solar system originated from one large nebula, which orbited the young sun, and over time, evolved from a cloud of dust to organized rings/clumps of matter of similar composition (hence why we have the terrestrial and gaseous planets), and finally to planets. Why then do we still have a ring of asteroids orbiting between the terrestrial and gaseous planets? Should they not have gravitated together to form a planetary body (or become part of another rocky planet) as well?

submitted by /u/BeeMill_
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Can a comet maintain an atmosphere?

Posted: 22 Feb 2018 10:08 PM PST

And if so, how would it differ from our own?

submitted by /u/CallmeDayMan
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Would two Venturi tubes in series double the effect?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 03:00 AM PST

If a liquid is being pushed down a tube with two venturi tubes in series (however the second one in the series would have a smaller internal diameter) is the effect from Venturi tubes increased again when the liquid passes through the second tube?

submitted by /u/BANTZ97
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How do people know that the Island of Stability exists? And could there possibly be another "island" after it?

Posted: 22 Feb 2018 10:55 PM PST

Also, what is holding us back from reaching this? Not much online, so I'm not even sure these questions can be answered. Help fulfill my curiousity in anyway possible!

Thanks!

submitted by /u/jet0303
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What makes astronomers think life in general isn't possible on gas giants?

Posted: 23 Feb 2018 12:48 AM PST

I get that planets like Saturn or Jupiter are impossible to life as we know it, but why can't there be any life whatsoever? Humans also can't live on the inside of a nuclear reactor, yet there are microbes who do survive there. Could it be that there's life on gas giants, but we will never know because we can't go check it out ourselves?

submitted by /u/random_username456
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How far back can you go before carbon dating becomes unreliable?

Posted: 22 Feb 2018 02:06 PM PST

Yesterday I was speaking with a friend who is a Jehovah's Witness, so obviously he believes in the flood, and that humans have only been on the earth for 6,000. He says he knows a lot about carbon dating, and that it's only accurate if you're dating something that's within the last 3,500 years, after that, it can be very inaccurate. He also says that water will cause extreme variation in dating, do for example an object only 200 years old that's been in water for that time may be dated at 1,000 years old. So if you factor in a global flood, the dating of certain objects makes sense to say humans have only been on earth for 6,000 years. How much of this is true?

submitted by /u/poshjosh1999
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How does a computer process “simple” events?

Posted: 22 Feb 2018 08:19 PM PST

I'm a student working part-time as an IT guy, and I've always loved talking about and learning about computers. I took a couple years of classes learning how to program, and it really helped me understand how a computer thinks.

What I'm asking is: On a literal level (from my hand pushing in the mouse button), what is the process of a mouse click being registered? Does the mouse send a request to your motherboard? CPU? How does me clicking a button affect a couple of pixels on my screen? Also, what field of study does this question touch on? Electrical engineering? Computer systems engineering?

submitted by /u/PepeSanic88
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