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Friday, October 28, 2016

During transformation, in genetic cloning using bacteria plasmids as vectors, do bacteria take in the new plasmid while their plasmid exits?

During transformation, in genetic cloning using bacteria plasmids as vectors, do bacteria take in the new plasmid while their plasmid exits?


During transformation, in genetic cloning using bacteria plasmids as vectors, do bacteria take in the new plasmid while their plasmid exits?

Posted: 27 Oct 2016 10:01 PM PDT

The bacteria used in cloning already have plasmids from my understanding. And when we insert a genetically altered plasmid, say for insulin production, and we instigate a transformation reaction the bacteria takes in the new plasmid. What happens to their old, original plasmid? It would be odd if they had two distinct plasmids, or at least I would guess it would be inefficient at producing insulin(in this case)

submitted by /u/AnthropomorphicPoppy
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How did vitamins get their names and numbers (A, B, C, D)?

Posted: 27 Oct 2016 06:54 PM PDT

Is the average age of speech/language developmental milestones for babies dependent on the native language environment?

Posted: 27 Oct 2016 05:40 PM PDT

I mean, is there any difference in speech/language developmental milestone (in terms of age at which the milestone is reached) for a baby raised in USA, China or Iraq?

Thanks

submitted by /u/youreabsolutelyright
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Given enough time could a crab, snail or anything really eventually evolve to become as intelligent as us?

Posted: 26 Oct 2016 10:03 PM PDT

EDIT: Ok wow lots of responses. Its going to take a while to read through them all but I think the top comments and most others describe it well.

It isn't just time, its environmental factors as well.

submitted by /u/Nyxtia
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How does the wait time paradox work?

Posted: 27 Oct 2016 02:15 PM PDT

I've read a lot of it on the internet and I found this. If a bus comes every 10 minutes (certain) then you'll on average wait 5 minutes. But if a bus comes on average every 10 minutes (uncertain) then you'll wait on average 10 minutes. How did they calculate the 10 minutes? I tried google scholar but couldnt really find something. Really interested in this because I'm following a statistics class this semester.

submitted by /u/chg1730
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How does a 3D bone density scan work?

Posted: 28 Oct 2016 05:48 AM PDT

If you boil gelatin, does it break apart/hydrolyze?

Posted: 27 Oct 2016 08:42 PM PDT

Was wondering if I was to boil gelatin, if it would break down more?

submitted by /u/Plz_Pm_Me_Cute_Fish
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What determines if a compound can polymerize?

Posted: 27 Oct 2016 03:48 PM PDT

could the rise in temperature world wide cause adititional jet streams, or just cause current only one to increase in volatility?

Posted: 27 Oct 2016 06:14 PM PDT

What are the conditions for animal carcass to fossilize?

Posted: 27 Oct 2016 07:21 PM PDT

I was reading on r/worldnews and there was a news about a dinosaur brain being found fossilized. I had burried a cat before and after two years, there was no soft tissue left, just bones. does it have to do with being mummified?

submitted by /u/anewquest
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Does Charpy Impact Strength dictate the feasibility of use in ballistic plate carriers?

Posted: 27 Oct 2016 06:50 PM PDT

I was researching possible alternatives to AR500 for use in plate carriers, mainly because AR500 is a bit heavier than i expected. I noticed that low alloy steel plates, such as AR500, have a Charpy impact of 24 J, while Nylon 12's impact strength is off the charts. I know that nylon isn't used to protect against bullets, since I haven't seen any purely nylon level III ballistic plates, so this is more an inquiry on how one determines the feasibility of a material to replace AR500 in plate carriers.

submitted by /u/plskillmern
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Does drinking Gin and Tonic have a strong antimalarial effect?

Posted: 27 Oct 2016 11:43 AM PDT

Don't know if this is appropriate for this subreddit, so sorry if this doesn't belong here. So I'm going to Mozambique in December (which is a Malaria district) and I was talking to my dad about how expensive the pills were. He told me that he never takes any pills when visits a Malaria district and that drinking Gin and Tonic is the same as taking the pills, witch I obviously didn't trust at first (he's had Malaria 3 times).

So I did some googling and it turns out that Tonic water originally existed as a way to deliver quinine, the active ingredient in most antimalarial drugs. So I was basically just wondering how strong the antimalarial effect of tonic water is. Like, could you get enough quinine just drinking Gin and tonic all day without dying of alcohol poisoning?

Note: I am not asking for advice, I will be taking my pills. I'm just curious.

submitted by /u/Jones641
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What property decides if a material can be a superconductor?

Posted: 27 Oct 2016 12:22 PM PDT

Is there evidence for former mountain ranges?

Posted: 27 Oct 2016 06:15 PM PDT

Mountains to my knowledge are made by tectonic plate movement against each other. Earth has previously had multiple former continents such as Pangaea or Rodinia, so clearly there was the same type of events that lead to our current mountain ranges. But do we know of any specific extinct mountain ranges? Are there methods of determining such mountains existed besides estimations of them from known former plate activity?

submitted by /u/FemtoKitten
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Is there any species where unfertilized eggs can sit dormant for a long time, similar to spores?

Posted: 27 Oct 2016 10:42 AM PDT

What causes blackbody radiation to occur?

Posted: 27 Oct 2016 08:46 AM PDT

So my question is about the processes that are responsible for blackbody radiation at the atomic/molecular level. As in, what kind of transitions are responsible for BB radiation, e.g., vibrational transitions, or rotational transitions etc. Also I am somewhat confused as to the energy levels of vibrational/rotational and translational motion are discrete, whereas BB radiation is continuous. So how can one account for that?

submitted by /u/zurvanyazdi
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Why can't we fly to space?

Posted: 27 Oct 2016 12:56 PM PDT

I know that we should be going faster than earth's escape velocity and normal engines don't work because the atmosphere keeps getting thinner till it disappears, But what if we flew at the highest altitude possible by a hypersonic aircraft then we go full vertical and fire a set of rocket boosters, it should get us to space right, along with some fuel savings.

submitted by /u/TheNASAguy
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Would it be possible to code evolution?

Posted: 27 Oct 2016 11:38 AM PDT

I know we don't have all of the information for the various branches of evolution. But assuming we did, would it be possible to create a base class as some initial prokaryotic organism (maybe even a simple organic compound) with primitive behavioral functions, keep creating sub classes that build upon it iteratively adding more basic functions based on a rough concept of how evolution happened? Coding even a basic Eukaryota organism would be pretty hard, but could building upon it incrementally work to create an organism, as a simulation of evolution?

I'm sorry if the question seems poorly thought out, because it is. It's just a thought I had studying software design because inheritance diagrams look extremely similar to the evolutionary tree (which is kind of the point).

submitted by /u/javaberrypi
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Why are there no Calico humans?

Posted: 27 Oct 2016 10:19 AM PDT

For reference, perhaps watch this video. It's where the bulk of my knowledge of what 'causes' Calico comes from.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BD6h-wDj7bw

Hopefully Derek hasn't led us astray on this one. But the question remains, why don't humans show this 'calico' pattern, specifically in children of mixed race?

I found this Q/A with a couple of scientists, but both of them seem to have just gone with "well we really don't know"

http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/questions/qotw/question/1000075/

Surely there must be a better answer out there. I know about Chimerism, but that's not the same thing, and still doesn't show physically (except on episodes of CSI)

Thanks!

submitted by /u/seanbrockest
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How are extremely rare minerals found underground?

Posted: 27 Oct 2016 11:55 AM PDT

I was reading around on extremely rare minerals like Painite. Where only 2 crystals of it have been found ever. It got me wondering, how do people find stuff like this?

I'm assuming stuff like this is just found by accident. When Miners are digging away with their machines, do they have to check for really rare minerals or is it found later down the line at processing?

submitted by /u/Ecchievements
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Do my hands insulate a cup of tea?

Posted: 27 Oct 2016 07:46 AM PDT

Thursday, October 27, 2016

AskScience AMA Series: I'm Dan Riskin: author, bat biologist, host of Animal Planet's Monsters Inside Me and co-host of Daily Planet. I wrote my PhD on bats and since it's Bat Week, I thought I'd take a swing at some of your questions. (See what I did there?)

AskScience AMA Series: I'm Dan Riskin: author, bat biologist, host of Animal Planet's Monsters Inside Me and co-host of Daily Planet. I wrote my PhD on bats and since it's Bat Week, I thought I'd take a swing at some of your questions. (See what I did there?)


AskScience AMA Series: I'm Dan Riskin: author, bat biologist, host of Animal Planet's Monsters Inside Me and co-host of Daily Planet. I wrote my PhD on bats and since it's Bat Week, I thought I'd take a swing at some of your questions. (See what I did there?)

Posted: 27 Oct 2016 07:13 AM PDT

I've seen >100 species of bats in the wild (not bad but far short of the 1,300+ species out there). For my PhD, I put vampire bats on treadmills to compare their walking performance to those of other animals. To my surprise, vampire bats had a running gait. That was my big break. Soon, I got TV gigs, like the job hosting Monsters Inside Me for Animal Planet, and guest appearances on Craig Ferguson, Jay Leno and Dr. Oz. I am the co-host of Discovery Canada's flagship daily science show, Daily Planet, and I'm the author of Mother Nature is Trying to Kill You (2014).

My latest project is a weekly 10-15 minute podcast called Recent Paper Decent Puzzle in which I pick an interesting scientific journal article paper to break down and then "cleanse your mental palate" with a fun puzzle. I often talk about bat papers because let's face it, bats are the most charismatic creatures on Earth. Did you know some bats feed on fish? Did you know there are bats with suction cups on their wrists and ankles? Did you know some bats perform oral sex on one another? I could go on. Oh wait, I will!

Let's blab about bats. Also, I'll happily answer questions about other things, too, like what it's like to work on Monsters Inside Me (there's a new episode tonight!), or about my experience doing the podcast. This will be my third AMA, and I hope it is just as fun as the last two. Coming on at noon (ET), bring it, Redditors.

Proof: https://twitter.com/riskindan/status/791659729047216128

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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What would happen if antimatter entered a black hole?

Posted: 27 Oct 2016 07:42 AM PDT

What is the fastest theoretical speed a planet (rocky or gas giant) or dwarf planet can rotate without breaking up? Also what is the timescale for one rotation in comparison to an Earth-standard day?

Posted: 26 Oct 2016 05:20 PM PDT

When the Earth had only a singe continent, was its rotation off balance?

Posted: 26 Oct 2016 01:50 PM PDT

So, continental crust is thicker, older and, generally, more massive than oceanic crust.

During the periods when one or two super-continents (Pangaea, Gondwanaland etc) were concentrated in one hemisphere of the Earth, did the distribution of oceanic vs continental crust mean that Earth's centre of mass was off centre? Would this mean that its rotation was 'unbalanced' in a way that would have caused it to wobble or rotate off-axis?

submitted by /u/propsie
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If a mass-spring system is hung from a vibrating object, at what frequency would the mass begin to oscillate?

Posted: 27 Oct 2016 02:48 AM PDT

And how would one go about calculating it?

submitted by /u/DAV3407
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What is line-by-line phase reversal and how did it help bring about color television?

Posted: 26 Oct 2016 08:06 PM PDT

In this video by the channel standupmaths, the narrator states that line-by-line phase reversal was used to enable colored TV. While the narrator does walk through the math of how line-by-line phase reversal solves the issue of incorporating color TV signals into pre-existing picture and sound signals, he does not explain the physics concepts that underlie line-by-line phase reversal. Could someone please explain what line-by-line phase reversal is and why it was useful in the context of TV development?

submitted by /u/effervescence1
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When doing separation of variables for partial differential equations, why do we assume the initial equation is a product of two one-dimensional functions?

Posted: 26 Oct 2016 02:42 PM PDT

For example, say I have a function u(x.t) and want to solve the Laplace for u(x.t). I would first set u(x,t) = X(x)T(t). Why is it assumed that u(x,t) = X(x)T(t) and not something else like X(x) + T(t)?

submitted by /u/ThePharros
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Can insects be albino?

Posted: 26 Oct 2016 10:41 AM PDT

I've tried googling it, some sources say that they can, some that they can't.

submitted by /u/alcanx
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How does Cognitive Remediation Therapy differ from "Brain Training"?

Posted: 26 Oct 2016 08:17 PM PDT

After doing a little Google research on both, it seems that both are relatively similar, however, CRT is said to be somewhat effective at helping people with previous brain injuries and schizophrenia. What sets it apart from the more commercial "brain training" craze that's taken off with sites like Lumosity? Or is CRT ambiguously helpful like brain training?

submitted by /u/stalolin
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Why does a radio get better signal when we touch the antenna or get close to it?

Posted: 26 Oct 2016 09:54 AM PDT

I don't know what category this should be under so if a mod reads this could you pick one for me. If i have to pick i would say biology or physics.

submitted by /u/dgaubatz313
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How can a particle tunnel if it exists as a quantum superposition of states?

Posted: 26 Oct 2016 07:39 PM PDT

As I understand it, radioactive decay (or particle decay) occurs because the constituent elementary particles have a probability of tunneling to a location where the binding force can no longer hold the composite particle together.

I also understand that a particle generally exists in a superposition of positions, and only definitely has a position when observed.

I am having trouble reconciling these two ideas. If an elementary particle continues to exist as a superposition of wave functions, what observation is it that localizes the particle outside of the composite particle in a decay event? Are composite particles constantly being "observed" in some sense? Are my understandings incorrect (probably)?

submitted by /u/hansn
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When a protostar begins fusion and becomes a star is there a sudden release of energy?

Posted: 26 Oct 2016 10:55 AM PDT

When a protostar becomes a true star does the initial fusion reaction cause some sort of large, sudden expulsion of energy (like a nova) or does it just sort of grow and radiate energy as it does now was it consumes materials around it?

Specifically, if it does create some sort of blast is it powerful enough to throw small moon-like planets and asteroids from its orbit?

submitted by /u/NorthboundFox
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Where does the energy for work performed by a superconductor come from?

Posted: 26 Oct 2016 12:26 PM PDT

Work done by a circuit is defined as the difference in voltage between two places, so if there is no resistance in the part, it has done no work, as it has not converted any of the electrical energy to other energy. Say, an electromagnet made of superconductor-material is used to push an object away from it, it has performed work on the object, but where does the energy for the work come from, since there is no resistance in a superconductor?

submitted by /u/BallsofKevlar
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Can air permeate through window glass?

Posted: 26 Oct 2016 04:00 AM PDT

I always shut the blinds at night because I thought it would keep more of the cold air out, thinking that cold air permeates through glass and the blinds would simply act as a secondary barrier. My friend laughed and said that's wrong.

I've always just assumed this, is there any benefit to it?

TL;DR: Will shutting the window blinds "keep more cold air out"

submitted by /u/Schemes011
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What are some energy sources better than electricity?

Posted: 26 Oct 2016 07:42 AM PDT

Its hard to define energy source when talking about electricity because everything runs off it, but for the sake of this, what are some things either: A. If you designed a system around it, something could be powered by it. Example: pnuematics use electricity but also air. B. Alternative ways of generating electricity that we just don't use for some reason. (preferably small scale, we all know nuclear and etc)

submitted by /u/Mike_Handers
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Wednesday, October 26, 2016

Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science


Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 26 Oct 2016 08:05 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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AskScience AMA Series: We are scientists with the Dog Aging Project, and we're excited to talk about improving the quality and quantity of life for our pets. Ask Us Anything!

Posted: 26 Oct 2016 05:14 AM PDT

Hello Reddit, we are excited to talk to you about the Dog Aging Project. Here to discuss your questions are:

  • Dr. Matt Kaeberlein, Professor at the University of Washington Department of Pathology, co-director of the Dog Aging Project
  • Dr. Daniel Promislow, Professor at the University of Washington Departments of Biology and Pathology, co-director of the Dog Aging Project
  • Dr. Kate Creevy, Professor at Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, lead veterinarian for the Dog Aging Project
  • Dr. Silvan Urfer, Senior Fellow at the University of Washington Department of Pathology, veterinary informatics officer for the Dog Aging Project

Our goal is to define the biological and environmental factors that influence healthy aging in dogs at high resolution, and to use this information to improve the quality and quantity of life for our pets. So far, most scientific research on the biology of aging (geroscience) has been conducted in the lab under standardized conditions. Results from these studies have been quite encouraging (for example, Matt's group has recently managed to extend life expectancy in middle-aged mice by 60%). We believe that the domestic dog is ideally suited to bring this work out of the lab and into the real world. There are many reasons why dogs are uniquely suited for this effort, including that they share our environment, receive comparable medical care, are affected by many of the same age-related diseases, and have excellent health and life span data available.

While aging is not a disease, it is the most important risk factor for a wide range of diseases such as cancer, arthritis, type 2 diabetes, kidney failure and so on. Therefore, by targeting the biological mechanisms of aging, we can expect to see benefits across the spectrum of those otherwise unrelated diseases - which has lead us to state that healthy aging is in fact The Ultimate Preventive Medicine.

Our hope is that by understanding the biological and environmental factors that influence the length of time an individual lives in good health (what we call 'healthspan'), we can better understand how to maximize each individual dog's healthspan. Having dogs live and stay healthy for longer will be beneficial for both the dogs and their owners. Moreover, given that dogs live in the same environment as we do, what we learn about healthspan in dogs is likely to apply to humans as well – so understanding healthy aging in dogs might help us to learn how to ensure the highest level of health at old age for humans.

We welcome interested citizen scientists to sign up their dogs to be considered for two studies:

  • The Longitudinal Study will study 10,000 dogs (our 'foundation cohort') of all breeds and ages throughout North America. This intensively studied cohort will be followed through regular owner questionnaires, yearly vet visits including bloodwork, and information about in-home behavior, environmental quality, and more. In a subset of these dogs (our 'precision cohort'), we will also include annual studies of state-of-the-art molecular biology ('epigenome', 'microbiome' and 'metabolome') information. Our goal is to better understand how biology and the environment affect aging and health. Results from this study should help us to better predict and diagnose disease earlier, and so improve our ability to treat and prevent disease. There are no health, size or age requirements for dogs to be eligible to participate in this study.
  • The Interventional Study will test the effects of a drug called rapamycin on healthspan and lifespan in dogs. This is a drug that has shown promising effects on aging in a wide variety of species, and based on those results we expect to see a 2 to 5 year increase in healthy lifespan in dogs. We have previously tested rapamycin in a pilot study on healthy dogs for 10 weeks and found improved heart function that was specific to age-related changes, and no significant adverse side effects. For the Interventional Study, we will treat 300 healthy middle-aged dogs with either rapamycin or a placebo for several years and compare health outcomes and mortality between the two groups. To be eligible to participate, dogs will need to be healthy, at least six years of age at the beginning of the study, and weigh at least 18 kg (40 lbs).

The Dog Aging Project believes in the value of Open Science. We will collect an enormous amount of data for this project - enough to keep scores of scientists busy for many years. Other than any personal information about owners, we will make all of our data publicly available so that scientists and veterinarians around the world can make discoveries. We are also dedicated to Citizen Science, and will endeavor to create ways for all dog owners to become a part of the process of scientific discovery as the Dog Aging Project moves forward.

We'll be on at noon pacific time (3 PM ET, 19 UT), ask us anything!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Is it possible to have visible electricity, such as electric arcs, that are also safe to handle?

Posted: 26 Oct 2016 02:05 AM PDT

In other words, essentially handling a plasma globe without the protective plastic barrier

submitted by /u/SpookyKit
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Say that atoms found in the island of stability were found to be really stable. What could we potentially use them for?

Posted: 26 Oct 2016 03:22 AM PDT

There is something called the island of stability which dictates that it may exist heavy elements that are stable. If we create such elements and their half-time is on the order of years. What could we use this new material for?

submitted by /u/mrconter1
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Hyper saline lakes such as the Dead Sea have extra buoyancy. Would a boat have to be designed differently than for a normal lake, and how well would a normal boat work on a hyper saline lake?

Posted: 25 Oct 2016 08:28 PM PDT

What makes prions so lethal, and mysterious?

Posted: 25 Oct 2016 12:24 PM PDT

Why doesn't it get twice as bright when I turn on a second lightbulb?

Posted: 25 Oct 2016 02:22 PM PDT

If the voltage id high enough, would electricity be able to arc in space?

Posted: 25 Oct 2016 09:23 PM PDT

Could someone explain what this IUPAC definition of "molecule" entails?

Posted: 25 Oct 2016 09:49 PM PDT

"An electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom (n > 1). Rigorously, a molecule, in which n > 1 must correspond to a depression on the potential energy surface that is deep enough to confine at least one vibrational state."

What type of bonds does the vibrational state indicate (ionic, covalent, van der waals). Does it mean that entities like DNA aren't counted as molecules under this definition since they aren't charge neutral?

submitted by /u/portmantoux
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Can neutron stars spontaneously turn into black holes?

Posted: 25 Oct 2016 04:49 PM PDT

I know that if a star over a certain weight threshold explodes, it turns ino blackhole immediately, but what if it's just barely underweight? What if it hits a bigger planet, or another star?

submitted by /u/Abodyhun
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How would one clear magnetite nanoparticles from the human brain?

Posted: 25 Oct 2016 07:20 PM PDT

Why do vibrations make sound?

Posted: 26 Oct 2016 01:35 AM PDT

Isn't it just physical movement? Where does the sound come from? If it's something like kinetic energy gets converted into sound, why does that happen?

submitted by /u/CountAardvark
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If a space shuttle accelerates in space, what stops it from accelerating with no friction acting on it ?

Posted: 26 Oct 2016 12:00 AM PDT

I am aware that every action has an equal and opposite reaction, but if a ship was to say sling shot round the moon using its gravity, why doesn't the ship just keep on accelerating to infinite speeds?

submitted by /u/Shnoochieboochies
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How are spiney mammals birthed?

Posted: 26 Oct 2016 06:47 AM PDT

I think that hedgehogs and porcupines are born with their spines. How has mama-porcupine and mama-hedgehog evolved to birth these prickly spawn? Are they born in a their sac to preserve mom's birth canal?

submitted by /u/DumplingDarling
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How do electronics prevent damage or fires when their chargers are left plugged in?

Posted: 25 Oct 2016 12:06 PM PDT

When my phone is done charging, generally I am asleep and can't unplug it. It doesn't matter; the phone has some sort of feature built in to prevent any damage to the phone or any fires.

I'm not sure if the phone or charger somehow switches to 'trickle charge', or how it does so. Is there an electronic component that adds a load to a circuit, does the phone essentially disconnect from the circuit, or what?

submitted by /u/TheHairlessGorilla
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What produces more power, a four cylinder engine or an eight cylinder engine with smaller pistons but an equally cylinder area?

Posted: 26 Oct 2016 04:36 AM PDT

What effects, if any, do the Earth's Cratons and Shields have on tectonic activity?

Posted: 26 Oct 2016 04:24 AM PDT

What is the relevance of gauge transformation in relativistic electrodynamics?

Posted: 25 Oct 2016 02:05 PM PDT

I've been studying relativistic electrodynamics recently and came across the gauge transformations. Why exactly are those transformations relevant in this context?

submitted by /u/ToastGiraffe
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Why is micro (μ) the only prefix which doesn't use a letter from the latin alphabet?

Posted: 26 Oct 2016 03:10 AM PDT

Why is chemotherapy effective on some patients but not for others?

Posted: 25 Oct 2016 10:01 AM PDT

How does the temperature of colder planets core relate to warmer planets core closer to closer to the sun?

Posted: 25 Oct 2016 10:47 PM PDT

Why do streams of ejected liquids break continuous form and lump together into separate projectiles?

Posted: 25 Oct 2016 10:37 PM PDT

To elaborate, I mean why does the water from a hose break into pieces as they fall. Or like this can of beans

submitted by /u/ChemicalMurdoc
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If new elements are created by fusing old ones together (I'm aware that this is greatly simplified). Are there infinitely many undiscovered elements?

Posted: 25 Oct 2016 09:41 AM PDT

Are there infinitely many undiscovered elements waiting to be created (regardless of the difficulty of creating said element) or is there some sort of invisible wall that we might hit?

Thank you.

submitted by /u/Kyrie01010011
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Can you build muscle mass on your face with the right exercises just like you could with your biceps and thighs etc.?

Posted: 26 Oct 2016 01:05 AM PDT