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Monday, December 28, 2015

What does an IQ of 70 entail, cognitively, emotionally, etc.?

What does an IQ of 70 entail, cognitively, emotionally, etc.?


What does an IQ of 70 entail, cognitively, emotionally, etc.?

Posted: 27 Dec 2015 05:46 PM PST

I began watching Making a Murderer on Netflix and was shocked to hear that the protagonist of the documentary had a documented IQ of 70. Realizing that my assumptions about that are probably all wrong, I'm wondering: what, if anything, does such a thing tell us about a person?

submitted by --Danger--
[link] [962 comments]

Does sending a text to someone in a stadium full of people take longer to deliver due to the mass amount of devices being used in such a concentrated area?

Posted: 27 Dec 2015 01:53 PM PST

For example, I sent a text on my iPhone today to my sister, who was at a football game. I noticed it took a bit longer to say "delivered", when usually it's nearly instantaneous.

submitted by -KrisKnight-
[link] [35 comments]

Since all matter has a gravitational pull, would antimatter have a reverse gravitational "push?"

Posted: 27 Dec 2015 10:05 AM PST

How long does it take for a large, non-spherical object in space to become spherical?

Posted: 27 Dec 2015 06:15 AM PST

Let's say an object with about the same mass as say, the Earth, but in the shape of a cube. I assume it would turn into a sphere, but on what timescale?

submitted by Jaguarjazzmaster
[link] [27 comments]

If I derivate a function and then integrate it information is lost, why?

Posted: 27 Dec 2015 06:06 AM PST

Example :

y= x2 + 2

y' = 2x

∫ 2x dx = x2 + c

Why can't we know if c is 2 or 6 or 7383738?

submitted by Grumpuff
[link] [11 comments]

How long does DNA last in blood in conditions that aren't ideal?

Posted: 26 Dec 2015 09:22 PM PST

I've learned the "6.8 million years in ideal conditions", but for something like crime scene investigation, how long could DNA last in blood in conditions that aren't ideal, i.e. weather, heat, moisture, etc.

Best case scenario vs. worst case scenario would be appreciated.

submitted by yelnats248
[link] [4 comments]

Sunday, December 27, 2015

What makes most books smell good?

What makes most books smell good?


What makes most books smell good?

Posted: 26 Dec 2015 07:07 AM PST

Would today's nuclear fail-safes prevent a disaster like Chernobyl in a similar situation?

Posted: 26 Dec 2015 05:29 PM PST

Specifically, a disaster functionally identical to the Chernobyl disaster, but with today's security mechanisms.

submitted by CodyTechery
[link] [65 comments]

Since a focal point can theoratically be infinitely small and photons have an impulse, does this mean that we could theoratically create an "impulse-singularity"?

Posted: 27 Dec 2015 04:46 AM PST

In physics class my prof told me that a focal point can theoratically be 1-dimensional. I don't know too much about photon-impulse, but shouldn't that mean that we can focus a certain impulse on an infinitely small "area", meaning 1 point? Would this have any interesting consequences?

submitted by Ausderdose
[link] [11 comments]

if a rocket going at 1000 m/s ejects fuel at 500 m/s, relative to it, where does the energy go?

Posted: 27 Dec 2015 03:26 AM PST

assuming the fuel weighs the same as the rest of the craft (for example) then the exhaust gasses would decelerate by 250 m/s and the craft would accelerate by 250 m/s, following newtons 3rd law, meaning the overall velocity would remain the same.

So were does the chemical energy from the fuel go?

submitted by ThatSaneGuy
[link] [13 comments]

How does photon-photon interaction not misconstrue the paths of other photon-photon interactions throughout space?

Posted: 26 Dec 2015 07:16 AM PST

Here is a diagram to help explain

So this is really hard for me to explain, and I'm afraid that my explanation is going to be very rudimentary... so I needed to draw a diagram to aid me... This is a concept that has always bothered me, and I can't seem to understand why it is the way it is...

If I am sitting in the position of the star near at bottom of the attached image, how do the photons reaching my eye stay unaffected from the photons that are traveling towards the diamond from the triangle? It's just hard to comprehend the mess of interaction at the midpoint of the diagram. In my head, it seems that at that center point, all of the light-particle interactions should create some sort of "globular" mess that would otherwise impact the information traveling in the form of photons... If light travels as a wave, then how do the wave-interference interactions not cancel or "change" the photons entering my eye? If light is a particle, then how do they not "deflect" each other as they are meeting at the center? It's all very confusing to me... but I'm sure there is a solid explanation...

Of course this is a simple example, but as I try to imagine the rest of the world in all its complexities, I always get back to this simple example. Seems like the world should really be one giant mess visually, but turns out that it's incredibly aesthetic and works itself out like fine poetry...

Sorry if this sounds "unscientific", and also for the very crude diagram.

Thanks a bunch in advance!

submitted by fali12
[link] [31 comments]

What would an observer, moving faster than the local speed of light in a medium (eg. water), see?

Posted: 26 Dec 2015 09:33 AM PST

Would Earths atmosphere get blown away if we would hit a gas cloud in space?

Posted: 26 Dec 2015 09:54 AM PST

How can space be cold?

Posted: 27 Dec 2015 05:32 AM PST

It is my understanding that if you go to space without a space-suit, you will freeze. But how can that be? If heat is 'stored' in the vibrations of the atoms involved, and there's no atoms around you to transfer those vibrations to, how can the heat leave your body, so to speak?

And on top of that, why doesn't the sun keep you warm? I mean, there's nothing like atmosphere to remove energy from the sun's rays before they hit you, so shouldn't it be really hot? Sure, the rays only hit you, and doesn't warm up your surrounding air and the ground beneath you, but still.

Can somebody explain this?

submitted by AF79
[link] [1 comment]

Is it possible to have a planet without any fixed axis of rotation? Would such a planet's days and nights be basically random in terms of their periodicity and duration?

Posted: 26 Dec 2015 12:23 PM PST

Related to that, why do we have a fixed axis and why are we not just tumbling around in space? Is it because the earth is not perfectly spherical and so it has to do with the unequal distribution of mass? If earth were a perfect sphere would be able to rotate around all axes?

submitted by bangsecks
[link] [6 comments]

How does increasing torque decrease the angular speed of a rotating shaft?

Posted: 26 Dec 2015 01:50 PM PST

By definition, if we increase a torque we should increase the angular speed, right? Why is it that when we hold power constant the opposite is true? When we shift gears in a car to first gear, we have more torque, right? Why don't we also have more speed seeing how more torque = more angular acceleration?

submitted by TorqueDatAssGurl
[link] [7 comments]

If Pi is an infinite series, and has every possible combination of numbers, wouldn't there be a segment with all the previous numbers in it starting with 31415...?

Posted: 26 Dec 2015 04:34 PM PST

Wouldn't that make it repeating?

submitted by AHeroicBunny
[link] [5 comments]

If space in the universe is expanding and space is a part of spacetime, does it mean that time is expanding as well?

Posted: 26 Dec 2015 05:00 AM PST

How would the boundary between the liquid and solid core of a planet look?

Posted: 26 Dec 2015 07:58 AM PST

I've been thinking about the solid core of the earth every since I saw a reference to it somewhere on reddit, and it popped to my mind that there has to be a point where the solid core seperates itself from the liquid, is this a gradual process, how does the superhot molten iron behave RIGHT before turning solid from the pressure?

submitted by Pyrelord
[link] [2 comments]

At what level does the expansion of the universe occur?

Posted: 26 Dec 2015 07:36 AM PST

I was watching an episode of PBS's excellent Space Time series, in which the host responded to the question, "How can an infinite universe expand?" The host compared the universe to an infinitely long ruler. Although the ruler itself is infinitely long, the units on the ruler (e.g. centimeters) are finite. Expansion of the universe is equivalent to doubling the distance between each unit.

This got me wondering about what level the expansion occurs on. Is this a purely classical effect, or does it occur at the quantum level as well? If it is classical, does expansion start at the Planck length (which I understand to be the minimum size at which classical effects can occur) or at some larger unit?

submitted by Meta4X
[link] [27 comments]

Did warlike cultures performed eugenics unintentionally?

Posted: 26 Dec 2015 09:12 AM PST

If they were warlike only the fit ones survived also considering the fact that there was rape involved in some raids could also mean that the strong ones spread their genes more.

So basiclly my question is: did warlike cultures did eugenics without even noticing?

submitted by Not_A_Unique_Name
[link] [10 comments]

[Archaeology] When the Bible was written did anyone know about dinosaurs?

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 10:39 PM PST

Do animal species other than humans have cultural variation?

Posted: 26 Dec 2015 04:33 AM PST

I admit that my knowledge regarding animal behaviour is fairly limited. I also do not know whether we consider collective behaviour in animals a form of culture.

We know that many animal species have some set guidelines for doing things. Be it sociopolitical hierarchies or leisure activities, animals display some level of cultural norms.

I wonder if these animals also have some form of cultural diversity within their species.

I can't be sure which flair is appropriate for this. If a mod could help out it'd be great, thanks. Edit: Automod told me to get a flair already.

submitted by Gaethan
[link] [6 comments]

[Biology] Why was there a lack of domesticable animals in the Americas?

Posted: 26 Dec 2015 01:25 AM PST

Except for Llamas, there are very few animals that can be easily domesticated. Why is this?

submitted by holyshitisthatallama
[link] [3 comments]

Can we ever achieve a horizontal-launch into space?

Posted: 26 Dec 2015 04:03 AM PST

What I mean is, if you see the moon on the horizon and you want to fly straight for it instead of launching vertically upwards first into space. Is this ever possible?

submitted by crewnots
[link] [8 comments]

How are cosmetic products scientifically tested for safety?

Posted: 26 Dec 2015 04:25 AM PST

I'm interested in knowing more about how cosmetic products are tested for safety.

  1. What kind of scientific tests are cosmetic products subjected to? How much would each of these tests cost?

  2. As a consumer - if I wanted to test for the composition and safety of a cosmetic product, what kind of tests should I request from a private laboratory? Would a generic chemical analysis be enough?

submitted by bonito_broth
[link] [2 comments]

How could a crystal like this be grown in the lab as they state?

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 11:12 PM PST

I saw this browsing through eBay and I was wondering how they could actually produce something like that in a lab:

http://www.ebay.com.au/itm/AMETHYST-CITRINE-QUARTZ-LAB-LABRATORY-GROWN-GERMANY-MINERALS-CRYSTALS-GEMS-CAB-/381320583266?hash=item58c87a5862:g:f1oAAOSwrklVellS

They say the crystal is a combination of purple colored amethyst and lighter yellowish colored citrine quartz (some doubly terminated).

I am curious because all of the home/lab grown crystals I have seen are very generic in shape and only of one variety

submitted by ScienceLover73
[link] [2 comments]

What role does electricity play in mental state/memories/maintaining cognitive consistency?

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 11:34 PM PST

So as far as I know, the brain is a network of neural synapses and different processing structures that work together to create the conscious experience. I'm not sure, though, how much of this information is stored physically, for example in the rearrangement of synapses or in the restructuring of the brain. Is any information, for example mental state or memories, simply an abstraction of different electrical states of the brain? What would happen if we were to "zap" the brain and completely reset its electrical state? Would it no longer function? Does an electrical state need to be maintained in the brain at all times, or could we shut off a brain and fire it back up later? If so, what would change? Any memory loss or change in personality? Some of these questions may be impossible to answer I suppose Thank you

submitted by psilocyTim
[link] [2 comments]

Would significantly altering the speed of light to be faster or slower have any observable changes in our universe?

Posted: 26 Dec 2015 12:04 AM PST

I know there is a limit to light speed but what if the laws of physics were so that it was twice as fast. What would change?

Also what if it was twice as slow? Other than the light from the sun getting to earth in 16 minutes than in 8 I can't really wrap my mind around any quantum or atomic changes of anything as a result of.

submitted by Hazard_Warning
[link] [38 comments]

Saturday, December 26, 2015

When I'm on an airplane and I look straight ahead during takeoff or landing, I feel like I can see that the plane is pointed up or down. Can I really, or does my brain just extrapolate based on other information to create this illusion?

When I'm on an airplane and I look straight ahead during takeoff or landing, I feel like I can see that the plane is pointed up or down. Can I really, or does my brain just extrapolate based on other information to create this illusion?


When I'm on an airplane and I look straight ahead during takeoff or landing, I feel like I can see that the plane is pointed up or down. Can I really, or does my brain just extrapolate based on other information to create this illusion?

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 10:57 AM PST

My relative position in the plane stays the same in takeoff or landing, so why am I able to see that we are pointed up or down when I'm just looking straight ahead?

submitted by xxshteviexx
[link] [571 comments]

How does that divergent sum which equals -1/12 relate to String Theory (among other things)?

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 05:43 AM PST

I'm referring to this series of course. I'm always looking to learn more about theoretical physics and the like but when I found this "party trick" of a math proof was actually applicable to physics I was speechless.

Numberphile did a pretty fun video on it here where they, like the Wikipedia page, mention that this sum actually relates to String Theory and other places in physics. So my question is: Where, why, and how does it relate to physics? I can understand the proofs and how strange values like this arise when dealing with infinite sums, but not how they have any REAL application.

Don't get me wrong, I'm no scientist or mathematician, I'm just a college student who studies math and physics in his spare time.

submitted by EternalLightning
[link] [50 comments]

When Herschel was measuring the temperature of light, why was infrared hotter than visible light?

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 01:23 PM PST

Every time I see or hear something about the discovery of infrared light people say Herschel noticed that the control thermometer to the side of red light was the hottest. Why would the infrared light be hotter than visible light, which has more energy?

submitted by TTDarbs
[link] [5 comments]

If a photon leaves the sun travelling in one direction, is another photon leaving on the opposite side of the sun travelling at twice the speed of light relative to the first photon?

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 03:15 PM PST

What is causing the unseasonably warm weather on the East coast of the U.S.?

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 07:41 PM PST

Christmas just doesn't feel like Christmas when it's raining instead of snowing. :(

submitted by The8BitPotato
[link] [8 comments]

Why are the pressures at the cores of stars so high?

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 11:23 PM PST

So, I've been watching some Youtube videos about astronomy and it's mentioned several times that the core of the star is where all the real action is: the fusion of hydrogen into helium. The reason they give is that the pressure there is high enough to start the reaction and the resulting energy sustains it.

But... why should the pressure at the core of a large object be high in the first place? It seems that gravity would be highest at the surface of any object rather than in the core. This is my thinking: If I stand on the earth, I stick out from it and the entire mass (and gravity vector) of the earth is pulling down on me. If I were in the Earth's core, the mass of the earth would be distributed roughly equally around me and thus the gravity vectors would pretty much cancel out. Taking the same to be true for a star, what is creating this huge pressure in stellar cores, if not gravity? Is it just heat and radiation pressure? Those only exist once fusion has started right, so how could the star ignite in the first place?

submitted by steyr911
[link] [1 comment]

How are satilites that are very far away able to transmit there data make to earth?

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 06:27 PM PST

Like Voyager and the pluto pictures. Also how does general space interference not get in the way?

submitted by pancakelife
[link] [7 comments]

[Physics]What caused these creepy patterns in the ice/frost?

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 08:23 PM PST

In film, we always see people galloping off at full pace on horseback for miles. But how long could a well trained, well bred run at full pace for?

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 02:58 PM PST

Why is true north different to magnetic north?

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 09:01 PM PST

Is there a flaw in the answer to the Monty Hall Problem?

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 07:47 PM PST

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Hall_problem

3 doors: 2 with goats, one with a car.

You pick a door. Host opens one of the goat doors and asks if you want to switch.

Switching your choice means you have a 2/3 chance of opening the car door.

Simple enough, right? However, I think that there's a flaw in the reasoning of the answer. So, given that these are the possiblities:

Door 1 Door 2 Door 3
Case 1 car goat goat
Case 2 goat car goat
Case 3 goat goat car

The reasoning is that if you select door 1, and the host eliminates one of the doors with the goat, then you lose by switching in Case 1, but win in Case 2 and Case 3, hence the 2/3 chance. However, what people fail to mention is that by opening one of the doors, the host also eliminates one of the cases, leaving an intuitive 1/2 chance. For example, after you've chosen door 1, the host can open up door 2 or 3. If the host opens up door 3, then case 3 is eliminated, leaving a simple 50/50 chance. Likewise, if he opens up door 2, case 2 is eliminated.

That's why, if someone just walked in to the room after a door was opened without any knowledge of any of the cases, they would have a 50/50 chance with either door.

Am I not seeing something?

submitted by owiseone23
[link] [3 comments]

What do physicists mean by "information" in the context of black holes?

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 04:21 PM PST

When people say you can not retrieve "information" from a black hole (or, with the recent research at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, you can), what is this "information" they're referring to? Is it simply arrangements of particles?

submitted by fukitol-
[link] [4 comments]

Could you polish two large stones so well that they would have low enough friction to slide against each other "effortlessly"?

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 09:16 PM PST

Would a corpse on the moon decompose at all? If so, would it take longer?

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 10:11 AM PST

What exactly is going on in your eyes and brain when you see something that's "too bright?"

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 04:35 PM PST

Why do the pressure waves that cause a sonic boom travel at the speed of sound?

Posted: 26 Dec 2015 12:02 AM PST

Apologies if this is confusing, but my understanding of a sonic boom (based on wikipedia) is that it is caused by pressure waves, which move at the speed of sound, building up and becoming compressed as the object moves faster and faster.

My question is, what is the relationship between these pressure waves and the speed of sound? Why should it be the speed of sound that triggers the boom, not some other speed?

Thank you!

submitted by thegeekinsideme
[link] [1 comment]

Is there any way that fundamental constants of physics such as G, c, h etc could change depending on the scale of matter you are looking at i.e. a galaxy vs an atom?

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 08:00 PM PST

I.e the equations are correct but the derived constants are actually variable and this is unknown somehow? Bit of a dodgy question but I was wondering if you could somehow prove this to be impossible. :)

submitted by BeerAndCommunism
[link] [1 comment]

Are animals allergic to humans?

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 11:32 AM PST

[Chemistry] How do you calculate the volume of an atom?

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 07:37 PM PST

I often see that the volume of an atom or molecule is 99.999some % 'empty space', but how is that calculated? Is the volume of an atom considered to be the distance from the furthest electrons to each other? I've read that electrons have no specific physical location, only probabilities of location(orbitals). But if an atom's electron could theoretically be anywhere, shouldn't the atom's "volume" expand to fit? Thanks in advance.

submitted by DuhYerrowBatman
[link] [comment]

How can photons become entangled if they don't experience the passage of time?

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 09:58 PM PST

Doesn't becoming entangled with another photon indicate some kind of change of state in the photon, if only from a state of "un-entangled" to a state of "entangled?"

And if there is a change, doesn't that require time?

submitted by bloodfist
[link] [2 comments]

What pressure does it take to collapse an air bubble in room temperature water?

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 09:09 PM PST

What causes a dust devil? Is it different than a tornado?

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 09:02 PM PST

I've seen waterspouts, tornados and dust devils they seem similar but the latter two seem a lot less powerfuk

submitted by o2fill
[link] [4 comments]

Would I get star sunburn if I was just outside of Earth's atmosphere on the dark side of the planet?

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 08:59 PM PST

Phrased another way, would the stars nearest to us be close enough to cause sunburn?

submitted by BasicViewer329
[link] [comment]