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Sunday, July 3, 2022

Is excessive soda-drinking (including diet soda) associated with sudden Hematuria (presence of blood in urine)?

Is excessive soda-drinking (including diet soda) associated with sudden Hematuria (presence of blood in urine)?


Is excessive soda-drinking (including diet soda) associated with sudden Hematuria (presence of blood in urine)?

Posted: 02 Jul 2022 01:51 PM PDT

Recently, I came across a 1978 journal entry in The Journal of the American Medical Association (Volume 239) by medical doctor Daniel M. Thompson that describes two adult patients that presented with suddenly having blood in their urine without any past medical history or any ongoing disease.

The two patients showed no abnormalities in their complete urological workups, and the hematuria also went away after a few days of hospitalization for both patients. After being released from the hospital, they returned few days later with the same symptoms.

From the journal entry,

"They both had identical jobs at soft-drink bottling plants checking bottles for foreign material. When they were thirsty, they would take a bottle of carbonated beverage off the line and drink it. They rarely drank water. They were both advised to drink no more soda pop, and neither had hematuria again that summer."

The journal entry also describes a 10-year old girl who admitted to drinking 2-3 cans of soda a day that showed sudden hematuria.

I've tried finding other scholarly articles regarding soda-drinking and hematuria, but I haven't yet found any proper studies or experiments on this topic. I'm disappointed, yet also scared because this seems like a thing that kills people in the long term. If you have any experience or knowledge on this topic, I think it would be good public service to let fellow redditors know.

Cheers.

submitted by /u/Salty_Nutella
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This may sound a bit silly, but how does the sun not fall apart if it's entirely made out of gas?

This may sound a bit silly, but how does the sun not fall apart if it's entirely made out of gas?


This may sound a bit silly, but how does the sun not fall apart if it's entirely made out of gas?

Posted: 02 Jul 2022 11:22 AM PDT

Will the universe turn out to be very different for different speeds of light?

Posted: 02 Jul 2022 07:55 AM PDT

What if the speed of light is much slower or much faster than it is? Would the universe turn out to be different? My guess is that the speed is an arbitrary constant and its value may not matter but I am not sure.

submitted by /u/dhanush_ram
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What is denser: A black hole or a neutrons star?

Posted: 02 Jul 2022 11:19 AM PDT

Thank you.

submitted by /u/AZG2275
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Will a small puncture at a vein cause more bleeding than a puncture elsewhere through the skin?

Posted: 01 Jul 2022 04:18 PM PDT

I was trimming bushes when I noticed a small thorn stuck itself into my knuckle. My finger looked normal and didn't hurt, so I removed the small thorn and continued trimming. 30 seconds or so later I raise the same hand up again and noticed I had blood all over the finger, and some had dripped onto my pants. By the time I noticed this it had already stopped bleeding.

Did the thorn hit a vein or something, and removing it caused the area to bleed so much until it clotted? The area now has a bruise around a half inch in diameter.

This thorn was incredibly small, and the puncture isn't even noticeable. It's really hard for me to believe such a small "injury" could cause so much blood. How could that much blood escape an invisible little puncture in only 30 seconds?

I'm disappointed I didn't get to witness it.

Edit: I'm glad this post got more attention than my popular comment about shirtless Li Shang from Mulan and the sexual awakening it inspired in me as a kid

submitted by /u/Proper-Slide-6095
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If a Tunguska-like meteoroid impact event happens every few hundred years, then what are some others from our recent recorded history?

Posted: 02 Jul 2022 05:15 AM PDT

Everywhere I look up the Tunguska event of 1908, it seems to suggest that a meteoroid of this size impacts Earth every few hundred years. Some go so far as to put it at around every three hundred years. But I couldn't find references to any other impact event of this scale from the last two millennia. What am I missing?

submitted by /u/questions1223232
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Normally in the body fluids and minerals in those fluids flow from areas of high concentration to low concentration. However the kidneys are able to remove minerals/toxins from your blood and concentrate them into urine which is much more concentrated. How does it do this?

Posted: 01 Jul 2022 07:09 PM PDT

What happens after a hormone binds with a receptor?

Posted: 01 Jul 2022 04:18 PM PDT

For example: Insulin binds to the insulin receptor, which causes a chain of events to happen to ultimately move GLUT4.

After insulin binds to the receptor, what happens to insulin itself? Does it get released from the receptor? Absorbed? Does it change/get recycled? Break down?

submitted by /u/ASpiderling
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What’s the minimum density needed to form a black hole?

Posted: 01 Jul 2022 06:25 AM PDT

Is this a stupid question? Or does it depend? I thought that the answer is constant, but when I googled it I couldn't find the answer, only irrelevant things, can someone answer this question?

Edit: aight guys this is solved thanks for the help.

submitted by /u/Dagreifers
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How do cells ensure crossover during meiosis doesn't result in fatal mistakes?

Posted: 02 Jul 2022 12:20 PM PDT

I am currently reading The Selfish Gene, and during one chapter he lightly touched on crossover during meiosis. I started thinking about crossover and I have a lot of questions that I can't really find the answer to. It seems like most places just touch on crossover as a step during meiosis, but don't really elaborate much. Anyway, here are my questions I hope someone can help me wrap my head around this:

  • First of all: does crossover only happen (at most) once per chromosome? All diagrams look somewhat like this, which indicate that they swap only the ends. Is that the case, or are those diagrams an oversimplification and more than one "pieces" that are crossed over?

  • If the answer to the above is yes, then I want to move onto this meiosis diagram. Is it true to assume then that we all likely possess entire chromosomes that came directly from our grandparents? In the diagram, each of the 4 cells has 2 chromosomes, one that's intact, and one that's crossed over. So for example, if my dad passed an "intact" chromosome 1 to me, there's a 1/4 chance that I'll pass that intact chromosome 1 to my son. Is that correct?

  • How does crossing over work with the sex chromosomes? In the case of eggs, there's always two Xs, do those crossover? In the case of sperm, there's one X and one Y, do those crossover in anyway, or are they left alone?

  • If the answer to question 1 is yes, then is there a pre-determined (approximate or accurate) length that's exchanged? If so, how is it determined? If it's random, what determines it?

  • Is the number of base pairs in an exchange the same on each side? Also, this question and the above assume it's done by number of base pairs. Is it "calculated" differently perhaps? Number of genes? Something else?

  • Now, the question in the title: how does the process ensure that no really bad errors are introduced? If I understand correctly, it's not necessary that the two homologous chromosomes are the same length. One may have mutations the other doesn't, and vice versa. It's also likely those mutations are fine independently. But when mixed together, they could break things... so why doesn't it?

  • And lastly: if question 1 is yes, has the existence of the crossover process lead to "less important" (or "more ok to mutate) genes to be at the tips, and "more important" genes to be towards the middle? For example, per the question above, I imagine that eye color genes or genes that contribute to my face shape or skin color or traits like that are more "ok" to be mutated, where as for example, the gene for hemoglobin... you don't want to mess with that one.

Thanks for looking at my wall of text. I'm happy to restate questions if they don't make sense. Hope someone or many of you can help me with this.

Thanks again!

submitted by /u/0hmyscience
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Are there benefits in initiating dialysis before renal failure, for patients undergoing uremic hemolytic syndrome?

Posted: 02 Jul 2022 12:02 PM PDT

Why might a community, who has not experienced more than two earthquakes in the past decade, have around 30 in six months, localized in a space of around 15 miles?

Posted: 02 Jul 2022 09:23 AM PDT

Can AlphaFold predict protein-protein binding affinities?

Posted: 02 Jul 2022 10:18 AM PDT

How does mixing magmas of different types cause large explosive volcanic eruptions?

Posted: 01 Jul 2022 11:31 AM PDT

I've read from several different sources that when a fresh injection of basaltic magma intrudes into a more silica-rich magma chamber under a volcano, some sort of reaction happens that ultimately leads to a large explosive eruption. I've specifically heard this implicated for the 19th century Krakatoa eruption, where people point to volcanic rock of varying color bands indicating partially mixed magmas that cooled preserving the different rock types.

However, these sources don't mention a mechanism for this. Is there some sort of chemical reaction between the different magmas? Is it a physical reaction relating to different temperature/density/viscosity/gas content/something else?

What leads two bodies of relatively stable magma to generate immense pressure and explode when mixed together?

submitted by /u/Charyou-Tree
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How do hot-spot volcanoes erupt after they are no longer connected to the hotspot?

Posted: 02 Jul 2022 12:47 AM PDT

For example - Haleakala on the island of Maui in Hawaii. It has had several eruptions within the past 10,000 years - and one as recent as 500 years ago. Isn't it far removed from the hotspot, or any connection to it? How could it still erupt?

submitted by /u/Noise_Used
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How are cancer rates going up when we've made regulations on regulations to control carcinogen use?

Posted: 01 Jul 2022 05:04 AM PDT

as the title says, it just seems like cancer rates are going up, but we've made tons of regulations, warnings and other things to show, limit or stop use of carcinogens. to me this means cancer rates should trend down. but they're not?? what would cause this in modern society??? are genes less healthy?? is our food worse?? are products really not that clean??

submitted by /u/matthewv1998
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How can the liver break down so many different chemicals?

Posted: 01 Jul 2022 06:23 AM PDT

The liver is where a lot of chemical compounds are broken down into useful or waste compounds. But how does the liver correctly handle so many different compounds? There are literally thousands and thousands of different compounds we can ingest, how do the liver cells know how to deal with each one correctly?

submitted by /u/TheCoop1986
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If someone had the omicron variant BA.5, what would be the probability of developing myocarditis and pericarditis?

Posted: 02 Jul 2022 08:07 AM PDT

Is there any scientific proof that air fryers are bad for you?

Posted: 02 Jul 2022 01:56 PM PDT

Other than the fact that adding oil to food is bad for you, is there anything about that way it changes the composition of food that is unhealthy or has long term adverse effects?

submitted by /u/nanavisitor
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Gases and liquids are fluids, but solids aren’t. Does plasma, the fourth state of matter, count as a fluid?

Posted: 30 Jun 2022 11:11 PM PDT

Most of my search results are giving me information on blood plasma, and I'm not finding a clear yes or no about the kind of plasma I actually want to know about. Is the definition of fluid absolutely applicable to plasma the same way it is for liquids and gases, or is it just used as a theoretical condition to lay down a framework for studying its behavior? Or, is it a "yes, but more complicated" situation kind of like how light is both a particle and a wave?

submitted by /u/Ninjas-and-stuff
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If infected with Covid BA.4 or BA.5, how soon can reinfection occur?

Posted: 02 Jul 2022 07:14 AM PDT

The behavior of dogs towards humans has changed as they have been domesticated. Has their behavior towards other dogs changed as well?

Posted: 01 Jul 2022 08:45 AM PDT

Basically the title, not sure how to elaborate.

submitted by /u/f0rgotten
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how the fed knows how much points it need to raise interest rate?

Posted: 02 Jul 2022 08:57 AM PDT

Friday, July 1, 2022

There are a lot of articles about how lead poisoning (especially from fumes of motorcicle exhausts) affected US citizens. what about the rest of the world?

There are a lot of articles about how lead poisoning (especially from fumes of motorcicle exhausts) affected US citizens. what about the rest of the world?


There are a lot of articles about how lead poisoning (especially from fumes of motorcicle exhausts) affected US citizens. what about the rest of the world?

Posted: 30 Jun 2022 02:50 PM PDT

i know for a fact that fuel enriched with lead was also used outside of the USA. yet, i realy can't find anything about it. my last post was completely ignored. i'd appreciate any info

submitted by /u/se_nicknehm
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AskScience AMA Series: We're NASA asteroid experts! ¡Somos expertos en asteroides de la NASA! Ask us anything (in English and Spanish/en inglés y en español) about near-Earth objects and how we're working to protect Earth from potentially hazardous asteroids!

Posted: 30 Jun 2022 04:00 AM PDT

¡Somos expertos en asteroides de la NASA! ¡Pregúntanos cualquier cosa (en inglés y en español) sobre objetos cercanos a la Tierra y cómo trabajamos para protegerla de asteroides potencialmente peligrosos!


Today, June 30, is International Asteroid Day-but at NASA, every day is asteroid day!

Asteroids are rocky, airless remnants left over from the early formation of our solar system about 4.6 billion years ago and NASA and our partners are always looking to the skies to study these ancient time capsules. From our missions to explore the Trojan asteroids in Jupiter's orbit and bring a piece of an asteroid back to Earth, to our efforts to find, track and monitor asteroids and other near-Earth objects to protect our planet from potential impact hazards, we're uncovering the history of our solar system while working to keep our future safe.

Ask our experts anything about what we're learning from asteroids, how we're protecting the Earth, and much more!

Talent:​

  • Lindley Johnson, NASA Planetary Defense Officer, NASA Headquarters
  • L.A. Lewis, FEMA Detailee, NASA Planetary Defense Program Officer, NASA Headquarters
  • Dr. Shantanu Naidu, Navigation Engineer, NASA Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS)
  • Dr. Joe Masiero, NEOWISE Deputy Principal Investigator & NEO Surveyor team member, Caltech
  • Dr. Carolyn Ernst, DRACO Instrument Scientist, JHU APL
  • Prof. Vishnu Reddy, Associate Professor, University of Arizona
  • Dr. Lucas Paganini, Program Scientist, NASA Headquarters - Spanish-Speaking Expert

Hoy, 30 de junio, es el Día internacional del asteroide, pero en la NASA, ¡todos los días son días de asteroides!

Los asteroides son restos rocosos sin atmósfera que quedaron de la formación temprana de nuestro sistema solar hace unos 4.600 millones de años. La NASA y sus socios miran constantemente al cielo para estudiar estas antiguas cápsulas del tiempo. Desde nuestras misiones para explorar los asteroides troyanos en la órbita de Júpiter y traer un trozo de asteroide de vuelta a la Tierra, hasta nuestros esfuerzos para encontrar, rastrear y monitorear asteroides y otros objetos cercanos a la Tierra para proteger nuestro planeta de posibles peligros de impacto, estamos descubriendo la historia de nuestro sistema solar mientras trabajamos para mantener nuestro futuro seguro.

Pregunta a nuestros expertos cualquier cosa que quieras saber sobre lo que estamos aprendiendo de los asteroides, cómo estamos protegiendo a la Tierra y mucho más.

Talento:

  • Lindley Johnson, Oficial de Defensa Planetaria de la NASA, Sede de la NASA
  • L.A. Lewis, Oficial del Programa de Defensa Planetaria de la NASA, Sede de la NASA
  • Dr. Shantanu Naidu, Ingeniero de navegación, Centro de estudios de objetos cercanos a la Tierra de la NASA (CNEOS)
  • Dr. Joe Masiero, Investigador principal adjunto de NEOWISE y miembro el equipo del telescopio NEO Surveyor, Instituto de Ciencia Planetaria
  • Dra. Carolyn Ernst, científica del instrumento DRACO, JHU APL
  • Prof. Vishnu Reddy, Profesor Asociado, Universidad de Arizona
  • Dr. Lucas Paganini, Program Scientist, NASA Headquarters - Experto hispanohablante

Our guests will be joining us at 12:00 - 1:30 p.m. EDT. Please forgive the moderator over formatting difficulties.

Nuestros invitados llegan a las 12:00 a 1:30 p.m. (UTC-4). Por favor, perdone al moderador por las dificultades de formato.

Username/Usuario: /u/nasa


EDIT: That's a wrap for this AMA – thanks to everyone for your great questions! You can learn more about asteroids on NASA's Asteroid Watch and Planetary Defense Coordination Office websites – and follow us on Twitter at AsteroidWatch and NASASolarSystem.

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Does all life on earth originate from the same source? In other words, do humans and cabbages share a common ancestor?

Posted: 30 Jun 2022 11:31 AM PDT

How far could a modern human go back though evolution and still be able to reproduce successfully with said ‘earlier humans’?

Posted: 30 Jun 2022 10:58 AM PDT

Why do we have baby teeth and adult teeth?

Posted: 30 Jun 2022 02:40 PM PDT

What's the difference in composition between the two sets? Is there a reason why we can't develop adult teeth in replace of baby teeth and only live with the one set?

I imagined that perhaps as your increased calcium intake had something to do with it. Are there any conditions that can affect this transition, is it even necessary?

TIA

submitted by /u/r_f4h4d_
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Does the brain go through any physiological changes when the person is in coma? And are there any differences between medically induced coma?

Posted: 29 Jun 2022 07:02 PM PDT

Any proof that getting waxed actually ‘lessens hair growth’—or effect it at all?

Posted: 29 Jun 2022 06:39 PM PDT

If you have the genes for lactase persistence, such as is common in European populations, but stop consuming lactose for a period of time, is it possible to lose the ability to metabolize lactose, does lactase production stop without constant intake?

Posted: 30 Jun 2022 04:42 AM PDT

This question seems to come up often, but is riddled with anecdotes that don't make things clear. I've seen people talk about stopping diary then becoming intolerant after doing that for a number of months - but were they always intolerant (had no lactase enzymes) and just never knew it?

I'm aware that apparently, with enough consumption, even people with no lactase production can metabolise lactose (in limited quantities) as gut bacteria can take over - is this what happens in the above examples where people 'lose' their ability to metabolise it? They just didn't know they had no lactase, and it was gut flora doing the work?

I ask because I've been recently suffering with infrequent IBS and I am trying an elimination diet of things that may trigger it for a period of a few months, then slowly reintroduce it and hope that things clear up. However, the possibility that my ability to metabolise lactose might disappear because of that does make me concerned. As far as I'm aware, I have the genes for full lactase persistence. They don't just get shut off if you stop consuming diary for a while, do they?

submitted by /u/Tephnos
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Does pressure affect the way atoms bond? Are there any compounds/reactions that are not possible at NTP but could be if the reactants are placed in a chamber with a higher/lower pressure?

Posted: 30 Jun 2022 10:54 PM PDT

We all know how pressure affects intermolecular forces, but how about inner molecular forces?

submitted by /u/ModernVintage15
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Does the chemical balance of the brain cause depression or is it an expression of it?

Posted: 30 Jun 2022 01:45 PM PDT

How would we know the difference?

It seems a very important point to understand how to prevent and treat depression. The extend to which depression is being talked about almost as a purely physical ailment like a broken leg or a weak heart in modern culture has helped destigmatize it but it just makes me wonder if this is really the right way to think about it.

Thinking about it as a syndrome seems to put the problem on the shoulders of the individual rather than their enviroment (and vice versa).

Any input would be appreciated. Maybe some neurobiological insight?

Edit: arguably this is a psychology or even philosophy question but I'm specifically interested to know if any neurobiological research has been done on this.

submitted by /u/Tokentaclops
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How can bones last so long outside the body (such as a skeleton after the person/animal dies) yet become brittle and weak with age during a shorter period in the body (e.g. dogs in 15 years)?

Posted: 29 Jun 2022 06:25 PM PDT

Update: this blew up more than I thought!! Thank you so much for everyone providing explanations!

submitted by /u/Garglebarghests
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When we take “pictures” of atoms, what are we actually seeing?

Posted: 30 Jun 2022 09:25 AM PDT

As far as what I've been taught, atoms are almost entirely empty space. So when the "pictures" are taken (I know that they aren't technically pictures) what are we looking at? The nuclei? The valence shells? What is actually bring seen? Here is an example of a picture that I am talking about.

submitted by /u/declan_B
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Is it possible that life on earth originated from extraterrestrial origins? Such as Eukaryotic/Prokaryotic cells attached to a meteor that hit earth?

Posted: 01 Jul 2022 12:49 AM PDT

Is it really true that permafrost actually holds some ancient microorganism and how dangerous it is in our era today ?

Posted: 30 Jun 2022 09:41 AM PDT

How sustainable and efficient are hydrogen fuel and hydrogen fuel systems, and what is the resulting byproduct from its production?

Posted: 30 Jun 2022 10:53 AM PDT

How do urine drug tests work? In particular, how come the presence of two bands (test + control) means there is NO drug present

Posted: 29 Jun 2022 02:13 PM PDT

Urine drug tests that rely on dipsticks seem really counterintuitive. There, the presence of two bands (test + control), no matter how faint, means that the sample is negative for the drug tested. On the other hand, the absence of a band in the test area means the sample is positive.

This is of course the 'opposite' of how COVID-antigen tests work. Moreover, if the test is detecting the drug (or a secondary metabolite) through immunocolorimetry, the way these tests work make little sense.

Could anybody explain? It'd be greatly appreciated.

submitted by /u/britainpls
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Does a having a high school pep rally before a football game increase the odds of winning the game in any measurable way?

Posted: 29 Jun 2022 06:43 PM PDT

Does opening medicine container (pills) affect expire date?

Posted: 30 Jun 2022 10:51 AM PDT

Once a container with pills is opened (only opened once, than closed after about a minute), does that have any effect on the expiry date of the drug? Or does it remain the same regardless of whether the container has/hasn't been opened at all

submitted by /u/djm2467
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Did we know about dinosaurs before fossils?

Posted: 29 Jun 2022 04:54 PM PDT

Were dinosaurs theorized to have existed before fossil evidence was found?

submitted by /u/Stars2dust
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Do the least advanced animals, speaking in terms of intelligence, have or employ a primitive way of counting?

Posted: 29 Jun 2022 07:41 PM PDT

For example, does one fish in a school of fish -- no pun intended -- have a concept of numbers by seeing how populated by other fishes his immediate surroundings are and "feeling lonely" or "in danger" if there are not as many fishes?

submitted by /u/param_T_extends_THOT
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Does the abundance of heavy metals in coal imply that they used to be more abundant in the biosphere?

Posted: 30 Jun 2022 08:02 AM PDT

One of the (many) environmental considerations of burning coal is the release of heavy metals, specifically lead and mercury. Since coal is the compressed remains of (mostly plant) organisms in the distant past, does that mean that such metals used to be much more abundant in the tissue of life on earth?

If not, is the process of how they got there understood? If so, does that imply that life on earth used to be more adapted to elevated levels of heavy metals?

submitted by /u/SpikeMF
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Do all animals from the camel family have a long Loop of Henle?

Posted: 30 Jun 2022 10:30 AM PDT