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Tuesday, June 7, 2022

In an interview with Dick Cavett, Richard Burton described a coal seam called "the Great Atlantic fault," that goes from Spain through Wales under the Atlantic to Pennsylvania. Was he full of it?

In an interview with Dick Cavett, Richard Burton described a coal seam called "the Great Atlantic fault," that goes from Spain through Wales under the Atlantic to Pennsylvania. Was he full of it?


In an interview with Dick Cavett, Richard Burton described a coal seam called "the Great Atlantic fault," that goes from Spain through Wales under the Atlantic to Pennsylvania. Was he full of it?

Posted: 06 Jun 2022 06:26 PM PDT

Here is the interview.

He says

There's a great seam, a famous seam-a world famous one-- which I believe is called the Great Atlantic Fault. And it starts in northern Spain in the Basque Country, and it goes under the Bay of Biscay and comes up in south Wales. Then it goes under the Atlantic and comes up in Pennsylvania. So that if you took a Basque miner, or a Welsh miner or Pennsylvanian miner, and you could blindfold them and transport them, and they will recognise the coalface the moment they see it. I believe it's four feet, six inches.

It's a beautiful interview and it seems believable enough. But I can't find any references to the "Great Atlantic Fault," outside of quotes of the interview or from the 2014 movie "Pride" where Bill Nighy's character closely paraphrase's Burton's speech. Granted Burton says, "I believe it's called the Great Atlantic Fault" so maybe he just got the name wrong. But is this a real geological feature?

submitted by /u/ArmandoAlvarezWF
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Is HIV-1 present in Skene's gland fluid?

Posted: 06 Jun 2022 07:00 PM PDT

My background is in molecular virology of lentiviruses such as HIV, SIV and FIV. However, my clinical background is rather lacking. While I understand that HIV can be present in vaginal fluids, and perhaps the main contributor of this may be the Bartholin glands, I have not found any information on the presence of HIV in Skene's glands. Is HIV absent in this fluid? If so, is that due to certain factors within the fluid that make the virus unstable as with the case of saliva?

Any publications or links would be greatly appreciated as I don't want to go down a long Pubmed rabbit hole.

submitted by /u/Ganymede25
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During a solar maximum is it only the frequency of storms or does the average power of said events also increase?

Posted: 06 Jun 2022 06:51 PM PDT

Is the power of each solar storm more likely to be stronger?

Or is it simply that there are more solar events likely to occur during that period?

submitted by /u/Kritical02
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is a container of compressed air more bouyant in water, than the same container filled with normal air at sea level pressure, assuming both containers are the same volume? if not, what determines how bouyant a sealed air filled container is?

Posted: 06 Jun 2022 08:21 PM PDT

additionally, if you sucked all of the air out of something like a metal or glass bottle (that floats if it is filled with air and sealed) so that it contained a near or complete vacuum, would it still be buoyant and would it still float?

submitted by /u/veenell
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Why do we gag and sometimes vomit in response to disgusting things?

Posted: 06 Jun 2022 09:04 PM PDT

I can probably understand why eating or smelling something nasty would provoke a gag reflex and induce vomiting. I guess when there is something in your body that couldn't be accepted, gagging and vomiting act as ways to expel it. I could be misinformed so pardon my ignorance.

However it dawned on me that even without taste or smell, we can experience the same physical reactions. For instance, I find spit, pee, vomit, certain kinds of food to be disgusting. Looking at these things can make me gag, tear up, and make me feel like I need to vomit. Even thinking about them alone can sometimes provoke such reactions.

Why does that happen? Why does the body resort to a gag reflex and vomiting when the disgusting things aren't directly affecting the body, especially internally? Is it because the brain already associates smell, texture, and taste with these objects we've come to experience so merely looking or thinking about these objects is similar to us being directly impacted by it?

submitted by /u/ahhhcola
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Does the fusion of tritium and deuterium end up creating hydrogen as a byproduct?

Posted: 06 Jun 2022 08:18 PM PDT

I know that if Tritium and Deuterium fuse to form Helium, and that a side product is a neutron.

Does this neutron decay into hydrogen, or does it join another atom? where does it go?

submitted by /u/Puzzleheaded_Cow_716
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What does warm blooded really mean? How do we create our own heat when reptiles can’t?

Posted: 06 Jun 2022 12:55 PM PDT

Do fish gills separate hydrogen from oxygen molecularly or just take dissolved oxygen from the water?

Posted: 06 Jun 2022 01:18 PM PDT

And if it's the latter doesn't that mean deep sea fish have less oxygen because presumably its harder for oxygen to get way down there from the churning waves on the surface? Are there pockets of ocean that are oxygen deserts for fish because of lack of plants? How do deep sea creatures compensate for the reduced oxygen? Is bit comparable to land animals living on really tall mountains?

submitted by /u/Chocolatethrowaway19
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Is there a forensic method for sampling the smell of something?

Posted: 06 Jun 2022 03:04 PM PDT

If Police turn up at a crime scene and there is a particular smell present, is there any way to sample that smell for forensic purposes, or is the smell simply noted as being present (ie. what the smell smells like) by a number of the people at the scene?

submitted by /u/jamirocky888
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What animal hybrid (either existing or theoretically possible) has/can have the most distantly related parents?

Posted: 06 Jun 2022 12:24 PM PDT

If I recall correctly, the most distantly animals can be related to still be able to reproduce is being from different genera, but still in the same family. I'm wondering, though, which two specific animals that can be bred together are the least related?

submitted by /u/ilovegorillas1776
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If each cutaneous nerve on the body supplies a particular area (a 'dermatome'), then how can we feel point contacts on our skin?

Posted: 06 Jun 2022 08:34 PM PDT

So I've found out that each peripheral nerve in our body supplies a patch of area, and organ failure radiates out to these areas called 'referred pain'. So if each area is supplied by only one nerve, how can we feel specific point contacts as there is no change in the signal produced?

submitted by /u/DoubleZOfficial07
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Do dowsers actually work? If they do work, is there any scientific reason behind it? If they dont, is there any scientific reason why it could, even under extremely special and rare circumstances, theoretically work in the slightest?

Posted: 06 Jun 2022 07:08 PM PDT

I'm talking about these guys who claim they can find undeground water sources using sticks, metal rods and/or pendulums. They start walking and wait for the selected item to react in any way to indicate direction of the water or the exact spot of the water source. It sounds like a pseudoscience but there are testimonies of people who claim they work. Like a guy who said their parents digged out lots of holes at their land, but never found water until they hired a dowser.

Also, please excuse my english, not my native language. And forgive me if I used the wrong tag, I didn't know which one fitted the best.

submitted by /u/Ixmath
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Is there any indication that there is a corrolation between mass shootings and hotter climates within the United States?

Posted: 06 Jun 2022 06:59 PM PDT

it would be interesting to see if during hotter times of the year per state (when people are more irritable and DV goes up, if it also affected the absurd amount of shootings)

submitted by /u/7silkkkkk
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is Sagittarius A a new black hole or just discovered?

Posted: 06 Jun 2022 02:36 AM PDT

what is the current consensus on T-rex and feathers?

Posted: 05 Jun 2022 09:56 PM PDT

I just got done watching prehistoric planet by apple tv. It depicted trex with a scaley body, with what looked like slight hair, like an elephant would have. What is the current consensus on whether or not trex had feathers and why would the show depict them the way they did?

submitted by /u/killakam86437
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Monday, June 6, 2022

AskScience AMA Series: Summer is tick season. We are experts on the science of Lyme disease (and other tickborne illnesses), and we are here to answer your questions. AUA!

AskScience AMA Series: Summer is tick season. We are experts on the science of Lyme disease (and other tickborne illnesses), and we are here to answer your questions. AUA!


AskScience AMA Series: Summer is tick season. We are experts on the science of Lyme disease (and other tickborne illnesses), and we are here to answer your questions. AUA!

Posted: 06 Jun 2022 04:00 AM PDT

Lyme disease, an infection caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi that is primarily transmitted by Ixodes scapularis (also known as blacklegged or deer ticks), affects between 30,000 and 500,000 Americans every year. Beyond the characteristic erythema migrans ("bullseye") rash, symptoms range from arthritis to damaging nervous and cardiac systems. With so many cases every year, it is imperative that everyone learn what steps can be taken to minimize and prevent Lyme disease infections while also getting up to date on the current scientific and medical interventions being used to treat and cure Lyme disease in infected individuals.

Join us today at 2 PM ET (18 UT) for a discussion, organized by the American Society for Microbiology, about all aspects of Lyme disease (and other tickborne diseases). We'll take your questions and discuss what people can do to prevent Lyme disease, how Lyme disease is best diagnosed and treated, and what to do if you suspect that you have Lyme disease. Ask us anything!

With us today are:

Links:

Please note that we will NOT be making medical diagnoses or recommending any medical treatments or procedures for individuals.

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Why does it hurt when you put alcohol or peroxide on a wound?

Posted: 05 Jun 2022 06:24 PM PDT

Did all winged insects evolve from a common winged insect, or did wings evolve multiple times in insects?

Posted: 06 Jun 2022 01:39 PM PDT

For example, are winged beetles related to wasps through a winged common ancestor?

submitted by /u/red_4
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How does a yagi antenna work? None of my education prepared me for the Wikipedia article.

Posted: 06 Jun 2022 08:10 AM PDT

You'd think something that looks so simple (three rods on a pole) wouldn't have a Wikipedia article that reads like something out of a Startrek technical manual.

submitted by /u/manosinistra
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How significantly do plastic dental appliances, things like retainers, Invisalign, or night guards, contribute to the build up of microplastics in the body?

Posted: 05 Jun 2022 07:03 AM PDT

I read that there are high concentrations of interstellar dust and gas near the center of the galaxy that make it difficult to resolve stars. If Earth were orbiting a planet very near to the galactic center, would space appear “hazy” instead of clear and black?

Posted: 05 Jun 2022 12:15 PM PDT

Likewise, would the same apply to a planet within a nebula? If the affect wouldn't be enough to make a difference visible to the naked eye, are we inside a nebula or some gas "cloud" ourselves?

submitted by /u/Salted_One
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Do fish have set number of eggs for life?

Posted: 06 Jun 2022 07:19 AM PDT

I searched, and cannot find the answer to: which of our eight planets is the newest?

Posted: 05 Jun 2022 04:45 PM PDT

What is meant by "clinical effect" and "domains" in this context?

Posted: 06 Jun 2022 06:23 AM PDT

Hi! I am studying a program in Sweden which will allow me to work as a counsellor.

I'd be super grateful if anybody wants to take time out of their day to help me! :)

A study can be found if searched for via google, with the title:

Positive Effects of Methylphenidate on Social Communication and Self-Regulation in Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders and Hyperactivity

It's on the website of NCBI.

Within the study, under 'Discussion', in the last paragraph, the word "clinical effect" is mentioned: "the greatest clinical effect was seen with the medium dose" (Jahromi., et al 2008).

Precisely what is meant by "clinical effect" in that context?

Another sentence found in the last paragraph under discussion is: "there may be greater disparity in dose-response across different domains for optimal change" (Jahromi., et al 2008).

Precisely what is meant by "domains"?

Thanks in advance!

submitted by /u/SapproLappro
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How big of an advantage does high-altitude training actually give to athletes? (say, at 2-2.5 km above mean sea level so with 20-25% less oxygen)

Posted: 06 Jun 2022 03:46 AM PDT

According to an air pressure calculator I found on Google, the air at 2 km above MSL would be about 0.8 atm and at 2.5 km above MSL it would be about 0.75 atm.

As per my understanding, getting 20-25% less oxygen per breath would mean that a high-altitude athlete's body would have more RBCs, bigger lungs, and a bigger heart, and that should give a noticeable advantage to the high altitude athlete.

But from personal experience (as someone who is rather unfit, and has always lived in coastal cities), when I visited a hill station at 2.25 km above MSL I didn't really notice anything that made me breathe faster or deeper, so I guess the 20-25% less oxygen actually translates to just about 5% more breathing and 5% less physical strength.

So, suppose we take two athletes:

  1. A person who has spent most of his life in towns at 2-2.5 km above sea level
  2. A person who has always lived in coastal cities

And suppose both athletes are capable of doing the same sports with identical performance in their hometowns.

I agree that the high-altitude athlete would have the advantage when competing, regardless of whether the athletes were competing at sea level or at high altitude, but suppose we were to have a way to accurately measure peak strength and endurance as two separate parameters.

How big would the advantage (in each of the two parameters) realistically be in favour of the high-altitude athlete, if both of them were competing at mean sea level? My guess is that peak strength is equal and the high-altitude athlete has maybe 10% more endurance. (if endurance is measured as "how long the athlete can do some exercise at a given intensity level for")

Note: I've chosen the 2-2.5 km range because the highest major cities in my country and in the USA are in that altitude range

Note 2: I made a similar post 2 hours ago but since that post was removed by Reddit's spam filters for linking to the air pressure calculator, I am reposting this and deleting that post.

submitted by /u/A-Delonix-Regia
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When is a rock considered to be “born”?

Posted: 04 Jun 2022 01:59 PM PDT

You often hear that a rock is 1 billion years old or 300 million years old or whatever age it may be. What is the starting point for a rock's age? I assume it might vary based on the type of rock, like maybe volcanic rocks are "born" when they emerge from a volcano, or sedimentary rocks are "born" when they harden from whatever swampy material they were before, but I'm not sure, and Googling mainly tells me that Dwayne Johnson was born in 1972, which is interesting but not helpful. Since just about every rock is made of material that has been around since the Big Bang, it's confusing to know what science considers the start of a rock's existence. What defines a rock's birthday?

submitted by /u/The_Real_Mr_F
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Are medicin effects different in transpeople that take hormones compared to their assigned sex at birth?

Posted: 06 Jun 2022 05:58 AM PDT

So I tried to find some information on this topic, especially the difference between medical reactions observed between male and female (Biological not Gender), and how transitioning can change reactions to treatment.

What I found was this " Pharmacodynamic differences in women include greater sensitivity to and enhanced effectiveness of beta blockers, opioids, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and typical antipsychotics. Additionally, women are 50 to 75 percent more likely than men to experience an adverse drug reaction. "

So my question is, does transitioning with hormones (lets say a Transwoman/ Male to Female) have an effect on how the body reacts to medical treatment?

Also other interesting things I would like to know regarding that topic, are there differences in blood values between male and female, and how do transpeople get evaluated with that in mind.

(I would greatly apreciate it if you could also link studies if they exist, I tried to find studies, but couldnt find any and I dont know how to find them if they exist. I know that it could probably be a topic that is not well researched).

submitted by /u/Kortonox
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If all drugs have a half-life, how can the body ever truly eliminate a drug?

Posted: 06 Jun 2022 05:12 AM PDT

Do we still have 1/1,073,741,824th of that drug we took 10 years ago still coursing through our veins?

submitted by /u/opteryx5
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When a star runs out of fuel and collapses, does it happen all at once or does is slowly “deflate?”

Posted: 05 Jun 2022 04:29 PM PDT

Which (if any) gorgonopsids have horns?

Posted: 05 Jun 2022 05:51 PM PDT

I'm looking for inspiration to draw something and gorgonopsids and synapsids in general have started to captivate me and I've started to wonder, which ones had horns? I'm talking about those similar to horns we see today like in undulates.

submitted by /u/PurpleMollusc
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How does smell work?

Posted: 05 Jun 2022 04:02 AM PDT

At an interested engineer, totally not a biologist level, I can smell things. When I try to understand how smell works, though, I get confused. I've heard a couple of answers which I'm not convinced by, so thought I'd get some clarity.

  • Resonating bonds between atoms in molecules. This sounds semi plausible, but it doesn't account for handedness, where (AIUI) for instance a left hand identical arrangement of atoms smells of lemon and the same atoms arranged right-handed smell of mint.

  • That suggests shape is the driver, which seems compelling, but then why do brand new molecules we never evolved for have a smell? Not perfume blends, that's obvious, but molecularly. If we don't have a receptor for a molecule shape, how could we smell it, and how could we evolve a receptor for something that doesn't exist?

  • Smell buds, and every aroma is a unique combination of the nose equivalent of bitter/sweet/salt/acid/umami. This seems pretty unconvincing to me as with shape alone - how could novel molecules smell?

  • Nose as a diffraction column. Doesn't seem intuitive, but unique graphs for aromas at least includes the possibility of novel molecules having a smell, but we return to the handedness question.

What am I missing? Am I overthinking it all, missing something obvious? I mean it seems like something we should know, but I'm not seeing consensus.

Thanks for your ideas about this, it's troubled me a while!

submitted by /u/goldfishpaws
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What is the shallowest ocean trench?

Posted: 05 Jun 2022 10:22 PM PDT

You often hear about the Mariana trench being the deepest trench in the world but which one is the least? Google doesn't seem to provide a good answer on the subject and my searches were dominated with the "deepest" results and unrelated things.

submitted by /u/Snapple207
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Why wouldn't plasma propulsion work within the atmosphere of the earth?

Posted: 05 Jun 2022 08:33 AM PDT

Well, the question in the title? Why wouldn't it work? What's the physics behind the not working? Not enough force to cause an action-reaction?

Thanks in advance!

submitted by /u/Mati_Rico
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How were the Columbia, Fraser, Klamath and Pit Rivers able to work their way through mountain ranges? Are there any other examples out there too?

Posted: 05 Jun 2022 08:14 AM PDT

Are There Any Diseases That Can Destroy Prokaryote Cell Walls?

Posted: 05 Jun 2022 06:22 AM PDT

Good morning from Atlanta, I am a college student studying History, though I am also interested in Biology and taking a course with a lab this Summer. I am learning about Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic organisms and their functions and noted that a key difference is that most Prokaryoteshave a cell wall to protect them from bursting due to water absorption. I also remember from prior knowledge knowing that our intestines contain a bunch of prokaryotes to aid in breaking down waste, etc. I was curious and didn't want to bother my professor with these random questions that pop up as I'm reading the textbook, so I figured I'd turn to you kind folks on here to enlighten me on this random burning question of mine:

Are there any diseases that can damage/destroy the cell walls of prokaryotes, causing them to absorb water throughout the body, i.e. the intestines and burst?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/caleblewis94
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How do i differentiate between Protista and Fungi cells?

Posted: 05 Jun 2022 06:45 AM PDT

Why do specific variants of COVID19 become dominant over other variants?

Posted: 05 Jun 2022 10:39 AM PDT

My girlfriend and I were having a heated discussion about this. I was adamant it was based on the fitness of a given variant, but I struggled to explain how that actually plays out in the real world. She had other ideas that I won't try to explain as I wouldn't be doing her justice.

Can anyone explain this to us, ideally with some actual research papers backing points up? Ideally with real world examples, e.g. why was Delta pushed out by Omicron and how that plays out on a smaller scale, e.g. even within a single host, and how that interaction changes thing in small but significantly as the macro level. Any help, pointers, etc would be appreciated.

submitted by /u/wandernomad2020
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Saturday, June 4, 2022

Is there any scientific evidence or reason that you gain weight by eating late?

Is there any scientific evidence or reason that you gain weight by eating late?


Is there any scientific evidence or reason that you gain weight by eating late?

Posted: 04 Jun 2022 07:51 AM PDT

I almost exclusively eat late, ranging anywhere from 9pm to 11pm. I just need to be relaxed and have time to enjoy eating. When my kids are awake I have to be alert and take care of them,so I don't eat just a few bites with them and prepare dinner after they are asleep. People who know about of this habit tend to state that it's not healthy as you gain weight and sleep bad. Now I'm interested, is this just a myth or are there any studies or explanations supporting this?

submitted by /u/gone_to_kroatan
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How are the Columbian Hippos (Escobar's Hippos) not horribly inbred if they started from a population of 4?

Posted: 04 Jun 2022 05:43 AM PDT

As per title, even if hippos don't suffer from inbreeding to the same extent, surely over so many generations it has to have some effect? Estimates put the population at around 100 with potential to grow higher.

submitted by /u/Havoc098
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If muscle cell never divide, how does people become muscular ? How do they build muscle ? How does a child grow?

Posted: 04 Jun 2022 06:53 AM PDT

If you clone an animal is there a biological method to differentiate the clone from the original?

Posted: 04 Jun 2022 07:04 AM PDT

For example, Dolly the sheep. Other than age is there any biological way to identify the clone from the original?

submitted by /u/phoinex711
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Are there any fish that live in shallow-ish water that use lures like deep-sea angler fish do?

Posted: 04 Jun 2022 08:17 AM PDT

How much do hormones affect how our bodies 'turn out' as adults?

Posted: 04 Jun 2022 06:22 AM PDT

So from my very basic understanding, I understand that there are certain hormones that affect certain parts of the human body. Like oestrogen influences growth of breast tissue for example and there is this other hormone that affects growth and there are many other hormones that affect all kinds of stuff. Correct?

So that has me wondering, if you had this very unethical experiment where you could inject babies with some hormone cocktails, how much could you control by just controlling their hormones.

For example: Would you have enough control to have a baby turn into 6ft tall adult, with wide hips a big butt, large boobs and a 10 inch penis? Or how much of that would be coded into the DNA?

submitted by /u/exomyth
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What are the risks of consuming an excess of vitamins and nutrients? E.G. consuming 1200% of the recommended daily value of Vitamin D, every day?

Posted: 04 Jun 2022 02:14 AM PDT

Can salmonella be spread through air transmission such as a fan?

Posted: 04 Jun 2022 06:53 AM PDT

Is there any scientific substantiation that alcohol does/doesn’t combat snake venom?

Posted: 04 Jun 2022 05:02 AM PDT

My friend believes drinking alcohol fights snake venom when you're bitten - I believe it can increase circulation and put you more at risk. However, she's not happy with MayoClinic as a source. So are there any better sources I could link her, or am I wrong to begin with?

submitted by /u/DeviantDahlia
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What are some ways to increase blood pressure and how/why do they work?

Posted: 04 Jun 2022 01:54 AM PDT

Let's say someone has chronically low blood pressure or bouts of low blood pressure. What are some of the obvious and less obvious ways to increase blood pressure?
And why do some people have low blood pressure?

submitted by /u/Rainbow_Catto
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