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Friday, March 11, 2022

Can someone exaplain the new covid brain damage study?

Can someone exaplain the new covid brain damage study?


Can someone exaplain the new covid brain damage study?

Posted: 10 Mar 2022 05:51 PM PST

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04569-5

I'm not scientifically literate enough to full understand this study.

Can someone please tell me,

What was the average amount of brain loss?
Is this a big deal or relatively minor?
Will these effects be permanent or does the brain normally heal?

Can you assume this data would be similar in young people or would I have to wait for another study?

submitted by /u/Striking-Hall1705
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what is a coefficient? like the convection heat-transfer coefficient and the drag coefficient

Posted: 11 Mar 2022 07:42 AM PST

If we have a map of every neuron in c. elegans, can we model c. elegans perfectly "in silico"? If not, why not?

Posted: 11 Mar 2022 02:03 PM PST

I'm referring to this paper in Nature.

EDIT for clarification: I understand that we can't model anything "perfectly". I suppose a refinement of my question would be, if we know the state of all the neurons (to the best of our current ability to pin down that state) of a live c. elegans at time t=0, how accurately can we model how the system of the worm will evolve up to, I dunno, a second later? Ten seconds? 0.1 seconds?

And if the answer is, "we don't even know what will happen 0.0001 seconds later", why is that? And, yes, I also know the answer will be some sort of "it is a high dimensional and immensely sensitive dynamical system and god made PDEs hell to solve" (or whatever the proper formalism is), but I'm curious about what the specific technical obstacles are

submitted by /u/__ByzantineFailure__
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Do songbirds birds pre-plan nest locations, or is it an "on the fly" decision made when they get broody?

Posted: 10 Mar 2022 07:50 AM PST

I have several bluebird nest boxes, one of which was heavily used last year (3 successful broods). They have been around this year and checking out my other boxes, but seem to spend time evaluating boxes not really profiled for bluebirds (interior dimension, location, entrance size).

So do birds actually "plan ahead" weeks in advance which location they plan to use for a nest, or do they do a sort of psuedo-random rotation of possible sites, and the one they happen to be investigating the day they decide to start building is the one that gets used? Bad analogy, but like walking back and forth between two bathrooms you aren't sure which you want to use, until you absolutely need to pee.

submitted by /u/ferrofibrous
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How does a phone call on loudspeaker not result in a feedback loop?

Posted: 09 Mar 2022 06:20 PM PST

How do the companies on earth farm/get neon gas?

Posted: 10 Mar 2022 07:00 PM PST

I have tried to research it but all I found conflicting answers so I was wondering if anyone has a concise explanation of the process of gathering it?

submitted by /u/UncleNe0
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Does water become marginally more viscous as it approaches freezing?

Posted: 10 Mar 2022 01:14 PM PST

What happens to previous variants of COVID?

Posted: 10 Mar 2022 10:38 PM PST

Are the original variant or Delta still around while we're dealing with Omicron? If they get replaced, what is the mechanism for that? (Like, I assume the virus variants can't "eat" all the older variants, but in that case, how do we know that all of the previous variants are actually gone and replaced?)

submitted by /u/valryuu
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How does the start of Proton-Proton chain in fusion work?

Posted: 10 Mar 2022 06:50 AM PST

Maybe I've been misinformed in some places, but some articles I've read that in the start of P-P fusion, one of the protium atoms β+ decays into a neutron to then form deuterium after fusion. Other places, I read that the same thing happens except the positron emission occurs after the two protium atoms form a diproton. Which is correct?

Also, is the decay of one of the protons only possible under the immense amount of pressure stars provide or is β+ decay in P-P fusion the "natural" occurrence?

submitted by /u/jamx02
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Why is diffuse reflection a hazard of working with lasers?

Posted: 10 Mar 2022 06:53 AM PST

Moreover, how can surfaces that appear shiny be diffuse reflectors of UV wavelengths? Also, how can surfaces that appear dull be specular reflectors of IR wavelengths? What is about those wavelengths that allow them to act differently on those types of materials?

submitted by /u/calmnchaos
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Is there intermediate memory storage in the brain?

Posted: 10 Mar 2022 07:08 PM PST

So I've heard that when you walk into a room and forgot why you walked in there it's because what you were planning to do has left your short term memory. And then later when you remember why you went in the room, it's that task going into your long term memory. Where was that memory being stored for those 5 minutes when it wasn't in your short term or long term memory?

submitted by /u/Suspicious_Role5912
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Is cyanuric acid organically present in the body?

Posted: 10 Mar 2022 06:22 PM PST

Reading about the Chinese Milk Scandal and the whole problem about the melamine content in the first place is that after reacting with cyanuric acid it can crystalize and form kidney stones, but in the sources I'm looking through I can't find anything saying the products also contained cyanuric acid. Was the cyanuric acid already in the body? Does melamine go on to produce cyanuric acid?

submitted by /u/The_Teriyaki_Empire
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Scheduled C-section - how does the body know its no longer pregnant?

Posted: 10 Mar 2022 10:05 AM PST

Pretty straightforward question - how does the body know it's not pregnant after a scheduled C-section?

I'm guessing when it goes through labor for a vaginal delivery the body is preparing to not be pregnant any longer, but how does it know when there is no labor involved? After the C-section is it just like "oh, no baby here, guess we're done."?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/waygooksaram
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What are the difference between intramuscular aqueous suspension and oil injection?

Posted: 10 Mar 2022 03:38 PM PST

My doctor recently changed my medicine into aqueous suspension. Still the same strength, the same site, same interval. When I asked why, he just said that they have supply problem and going to put me in this one until everything is back to normal.

Just wanted to learn more about it, kinda hard to find on the internet. Mainly because I don't know what keyword to use or where to look. So, here I am.

submitted by /u/PolyethyleneLezBean
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Did dinosaurs have respiratory turbinates?

Posted: 10 Mar 2022 02:53 PM PST

How would this effect the ectotherm vs. endotherm debate? Also, at what point in their evolution did birds develop respiratory turbinates (assuming non-avian dinosaurs didn't have them)?

submitted by /u/unironically_me
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How do dung beetles and other feces-consuming animals not get sick from all the bacteria and viruses?

Posted: 10 Mar 2022 09:55 AM PST

Surely there's such a large amount of bacteria in feces that the immune system alone cannot handle it? If it can, how is that even possible?

submitted by /u/BNKookie
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Is Phenol in the list of the aromatics that are the exception in the Chemical Oxygen Demand?

Posted: 10 Mar 2022 05:57 AM PST

How do doctors determine how much time some patients have left (or is it just in movies) ?

Posted: 10 Mar 2022 04:27 AM PST

If a patrticle is executing uniform circular motion under gravitational fprce, then why does it not fall to the center?

Posted: 10 Mar 2022 07:44 AM PST

So if a particle is executing uniform circular motion, then it will accelerate and acceleration means that it will radiate energy and then come closer to the center and finally fall into it or become a part of it. Why does this not happen?

submitted by /u/psycopath3551
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How do we know that there are more galaxies?

Posted: 10 Mar 2022 11:45 PM PST

Space is endless. Just the milkyway is HUGE! How can we see more galaxies? Like how does the telescope work that you can see beyond logic? How do we know that there are more galaxies?

submitted by /u/Sadwithacake
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Why do we catabolise haemoglobin and excrete (most of) the products?

Posted: 10 Mar 2022 11:08 AM PST

Is there a benefit to doing this over recycling it? Or is it a case of evolution going with what's "good enough" and "not worth the effort (energy) improving on"?

It just seems a bit silly to me to go to the effort of breaking down the haemoglobin to recycle the iron while throwing away the rest which could also be re-used too. It's not like you just stop needing haemoglobin at some point (I mean, before death)

submitted by /u/Quinlov
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What happens when a star with mass just below that which makes it a black hole moves at relativistic speeds?

Posted: 10 Mar 2022 06:54 AM PST

When something moves at high speeds tending towards c it's relative mass increases. Furthermore, if a massive star just under the threshold mass (where it would collapse into a black hole) were accelerated to relativistic speeds, would it's increase in mass cause it to collapse into a black hole relativistically? What would that look like for an observer? Would it look like a star for an observer? I've only just started learning spec rel so if I've made any mistakes in my postulation forgive me :)

submitted by /u/BestCosmo
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Wednesday, March 9, 2022

Why doesn't the sugar in my tea crash out of solution when chilled despite the tea needing to be warm to dissolve it in the first place?

Why doesn't the sugar in my tea crash out of solution when chilled despite the tea needing to be warm to dissolve it in the first place?


Why doesn't the sugar in my tea crash out of solution when chilled despite the tea needing to be warm to dissolve it in the first place?

Posted: 08 Mar 2022 10:36 PM PST

Why do places with very arid/deserted conditions (the Middle East, Siberia, Alaska etc) tend to produce so much oil?

Posted: 09 Mar 2022 04:48 AM PST

I know there are loads of other places that produce oil, but a very large amount seems to come from specifically deserted or freezing places that don't easily support a whole lot of vegetation or animal life. Why is that?

submitted by /u/Shlegnog
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 09 Mar 2022 07:00 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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If a gene (eg SOX2 and PAX6) is "repressed" by a histone mark like H3K27me3, then is it consistently suppressed by that histone mark in all cells, or only in some cells?

Posted: 09 Mar 2022 04:41 PM PST

(and does it mean that the gene is consistently next to histone H3 in
all cells?)

[and bivalency/multivalency means that that multiple histone marks can
be next to the gene, right?] I wonder how much steric hindrance is a
consideration for higher orders of multivalency?

submitted by /u/inquilinekea
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Is it possible to take neurons from the brain for in vitro studies?

Posted: 09 Mar 2022 08:08 AM PST

More specifically, to study neurological diseases and mechanisms.

submitted by /u/DuckingOlay
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Does 100% oxygen saturation always contraindicate ischemia/heart failure/heart attack/angina etc?

Posted: 09 Mar 2022 04:54 AM PST

Or can any of these pathologies appear even in the presence of fully oxygenated blood?

submitted by /u/pathetic_intp_bot
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How big would a Centrifuge need to be so Gs = RPMs?

Posted: 09 Mar 2022 08:10 AM PST

So in terms of the centrifuge I use at work, Gs and RPMs are different. RPMs are relative to how big the centrifuges circumference is and this got me thinking, how big would a centrifuge have to be so that Gs and RPMs would be equal, if that's even possible?

submitted by /u/zsverduzco
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How can a part of the brain be simultaneously less active and more connected?

Posted: 08 Mar 2022 08:59 PM PST

A lot of research about the effect of psychedelics on the default mode network shows lower activity in the default mode network but more connectivity between the default mode network and other nodes or networks (and sometimes more connectivity between nodes in its own network). How can a part of the brain be simultaneously less active and more connected? Doesn't connectivity imply activity? I've Googled this, because it seems like it should be a simple answer, but I can't find anything.

submitted by /u/learnimaginecreate
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What do people mean by 'brain matures at 25~ish'?

Posted: 09 Mar 2022 06:19 AM PST

And if its a real thing, whats the average age for male population?

submitted by /u/baqlavamotherfucker
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Can the electron-capture decay be stopped?

Posted: 08 Mar 2022 02:30 PM PST

I know there's a type of radioactive decay where the electron can be capture by the nucleus, transforming a proton into a neutron. I understand radioactive decay can't be stopped, but if you strip an isotope (that decays that way) of its electrons, like plasma, can you make it stop decaying completely? I only found articles saying that chemical bonds can change the half-life, but i didn't have much luck confirming if my question is possible

submitted by /u/Pedroarak
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How does water form ice when under pressure?

Posted: 08 Mar 2022 11:13 PM PST

Traditionally, water freezes when the molecules are slowed down (due to freezing temperatures) enough for them to create stronger/stable bonds. However, I've recently been made aware that water can freeze under the right amount of pressure.

From what I understand, if you pressurize water, you decrease the space for the molecules to spread out, actively lowering the melting point.

Here's where I'm confused.

If it's true that ice can form under pressure, does it form eventually when there's not enough space for the molecules to rapidly bond/unbond?

Is that what's happening with Gliese 436 b?

Is the answer that simple or am I missing something? I feel like there's a gap in my understanding.

submitted by /u/askwatermelon
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How do rivers work in the desert? More specifically how are there not more plants near rivers in the desert?

Posted: 08 Mar 2022 09:53 PM PST

I was just looking at a photo of the Colorado river, more specifically Horseshoe bend, and I was just thinking that's an awful lot of water to be a whole river floating by and hardly any vegetation next to it.

I always assumed that plants didn't grow in the desert due to the lack of water but there's a ton of water in the Colorado river flowing through this canyon but still barely any plants even right next to it.

Even if the river is somewhat seasonal I would still think that plants would take advantage of all the water floating by when it was available.

Is there some other mechanic I'm missing?

submitted by /u/justinlongbranch
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What are the long-term effects of sleep deprivation in very young children?

Posted: 08 Mar 2022 01:20 PM PST

I'm increasingly hearing from my friends about how they're concerned with parents that just fill up their child's day with tons of stuff to do, waking them up early. I keep hearing about kids, really young kids, falling asleep in class because they have to get up so early for school. I know that toddlers and young kids around the ages of 5-9 need anywhere from 9-12 hours of sleep every night, and there are tons of kids that age and younger who get nowhere near that much sleep. It must be important for a reason that they get that much sleep.

So what happens if they don't? What can we expect from kids being chronically sleep deprived as they become adults? Will this have mental health or neurological effects on them?

submitted by /u/Orion_Diplomat
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Are breast cancer rates among post-hormone therapy trans women on par with breast cancer rates of ciswomen?

Posted: 08 Mar 2022 08:22 PM PST

Tuesday, March 8, 2022

Why does a can of compressed air get ice cold when used?

Why does a can of compressed air get ice cold when used?


Why does a can of compressed air get ice cold when used?

Posted: 08 Mar 2022 08:06 AM PST

I learned from 'Green Planet' that many plants secrete 'defensive compounds' when attacked by herbivores, or even when 'warned' by neighbouring plants that herbivorous insects are attacking. But why do plants need to wait until they are attacked to accumulate these toxins in the leaves?

Posted: 07 Mar 2022 10:15 PM PST

What is the down side to having the substances present all the time? Is it that the insects evolve a defence?

submitted by /u/RoboticElfJedi
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Is flooring the gas pedal fastest you can accelerate (manual transmission)?

Posted: 07 Mar 2022 01:04 PM PST

I remembered that a while ago I saw a video about how NOS works.

Basically it just allows fuel to burn more effectively by providing extra oxygen for ignition in cylinders.

It raised a question in me:In regular gas engined vehicles the gas pedal increases flow of fuel to cylinders. Optimal ignition requires exact proportions of fuel and air (oxygen source).

Could there be a threshold where pushing pedal injects so much fuel that it starts to take up so much space that could be used for air that in result it decreases power output?

Is there any truth to my thoughts? Are there any mechanisms that prevent this?

Edit: Just to clarify I'm thinking of accelerating when vehicle is already moving no from a full stop

submitted by /u/Skudra24
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How does human brain differentiate timbres of sounds?

Posted: 07 Mar 2022 11:02 AM PST

Consider a speaker, all they do is produce waves that correspond to whatever you are listening to. Our brain is the thing that decomposes this complex wave into different parts and enable us to percieve multiple timbres. Do we know how this works? I guess we have a biological Fourier transformator inside ourselves.

submitted by /u/allahyokdinyalan
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Difference between a Covid variant and Subvariant?

Posted: 07 Mar 2022 11:08 AM PST

Any viroligists who can help me understand? Like there is the Delta and Omicron variant, but also there are subvariants of each.

submitted by /u/stevotherad
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Is it possible that there are heavier leptons than the Tau particle?

Posted: 06 Mar 2022 09:15 PM PST

The Tau particle is the heaviest lepton discovered, but is it theoretically possible that there might be heavier generations of leptons? Like, do our current theories predict that heavier generations of leptons are prohibited or is it just likely that we've never observed heavier leptons because of the high energies and fast decay times that they'd likely have?

submitted by /u/dethtron5000
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Monday, March 7, 2022

Was there a decrease in other infectious diseases other than Covid due to wearing masks during the past two years?

Was there a decrease in other infectious diseases other than Covid due to wearing masks during the past two years?


Was there a decrease in other infectious diseases other than Covid due to wearing masks during the past two years?

Posted: 07 Mar 2022 01:55 AM PST

Before Einstein, did physicists believe that the only constraint on how fast matter could move was available energy?

Posted: 07 Mar 2022 08:40 AM PST

Today, we know that it would take infinite energy to achieve a finite speed (with that speed being the speed of light). But before we learned that fact, did physicists believe that if you had infinite energy you could achieve infinite speed?

submitted by /u/transley
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How did the Cassini spacecraft settle the debate on how old the rings of Saturn were - old as the planet itself (4 billion years) vs fairly recent (100 million years)? What did it look for?

Posted: 07 Mar 2022 04:57 AM PST

How does DNA function as an information storage medium?

Posted: 07 Mar 2022 08:32 AM PST

I wanted to relate this topic to microarrays, but I searched and didn't find much about it.

submitted by /u/rafinhaeheh
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What makes Cefixime poorly soluble in water?

Posted: 07 Mar 2022 07:21 AM PST

What structural features of Cefixime molecules make them particularly poorly soluble when administered orally?

submitted by /u/FinalLifeguard8353
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What makes water taste "weird" after it's left out for too long?

Posted: 06 Mar 2022 11:59 PM PST

Is there a connection between gut bacteria and dreaming?

Posted: 07 Mar 2022 04:30 AM PST

I almost never remember my dreams. For example if I remember 1 a year it's a big deal. This past month I've been on a super restrictive diet, (trying to lose the COVID kilos). However a couple of times I've had a regular meal and then when I go to sleep I have super vivid dreams that I can remember when I wake up.

I am wondering if there is any link between a gut biome and dreaming? As lately my gut bacteria has been cut off from its regular sugars and carbs and processed food that it was used to. And then when having a little bit of it back i have dreamed vividly. (I've been on my restrictive diet for a 5 weeks now and have had 3 cheat meals during this time which have each triggered amazing dreams)

submitted by /u/whidzee
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How do winter flowering plants get polinated?

Posted: 07 Mar 2022 04:14 AM PST

Primroses started blooming in Feb. Crocuses and Camelias started flowering now in March. They all seem to have colourful flowers and a sweet smell which indicates that they are trying to attract flying insects, but there does not seem to be any about (or at least that I can see). How successful are these flowers with insect polination?

submitted by /u/a_is_for_a
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Does water evaporate faster if it is mixed with alcohol?

Posted: 07 Mar 2022 12:10 AM PST

Title is pretty self-explanatory. Was wondering if a mixture of alcohol and water were to evaporate (I am aware that the alcohol will evaporate much faster), but would this have any effect on the evaporation rate of the water itself as well?

Reason is because I made a cheesecake and accidentally got the crust soggy. I flipped it upside down and put it back in the oven to try to evaporate as much moisture as possible.

Had the idea of putting some everclear in a spray bottle and misting it down a bit to speed up evaporation. Would this hypothetically work? Thanks fellow scientists, I love you all :)

submitted by /u/AndrewjSomm
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How are the properties of exoplanets found?

Posted: 07 Mar 2022 04:00 AM PST

does the location of the centromere change during different stages of mitosis?

Posted: 07 Mar 2022 03:39 AM PST

If a centromere is said to be a constricted region in a chromosome, does this mean that the location of the centromere does not change during the different stages of mitosis?

submitted by /u/Ok-Panda533
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If so many people have oral herpes, why do I never see people with cold sores on their mouth?

Posted: 07 Mar 2022 04:45 AM PST

Why can some minerals like quartz have obvious inclusions, but not others?

Posted: 06 Mar 2022 07:42 PM PST

For example, searching up quartz/amethyst with gold inclusions brings up lots of pictures and selling links, but not for gems like sapphire or emerald, which I think would be quite pretty. Why is that?

submitted by /u/shingomido
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Is a or b pinene soluble in fats like melted butter?

Posted: 06 Mar 2022 09:08 PM PST

It seems like we should have an answer to this but I can't seem to find one.

submitted by /u/Ill_Bowl_9946
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Why Fe+3 have greater atomic radii than Co+3?

Posted: 06 Mar 2022 08:57 PM PST

How long would the process of "Kesslerization" take after the collision that starts it?

Posted: 06 Mar 2022 08:33 AM PST

I was trying to pitch a C-tier rom-com to a friend that involved *unnamed rich person* being in orbit during the beginnings of the Kessler cascade. My question is, would somebody in orbit have time to deorbit safely after the first couple of collisions make it clear that something like this is going to happen, or would they be toast? I realize that it depends heavily on where the first collisions are and what the density of satellites is like, so let's say we're looking at today's satellites and a first collision wherever a first collision is most likely.

All of my attempts to find information about this only told me that once orbit is full of debris it will take 100s/1000s of years to clear up again, which is not what I am looking for.

submitted by /u/macpootis
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Why can’t humans survive on salt water?

Posted: 06 Mar 2022 08:35 AM PST