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Thursday, February 10, 2022

Do the pupils of heterochromic people contract and retract at different rates? Does eye color affect the speed at which your pupils contract/retract?

Do the pupils of heterochromic people contract and retract at different rates? Does eye color affect the speed at which your pupils contract/retract?


Do the pupils of heterochromic people contract and retract at different rates? Does eye color affect the speed at which your pupils contract/retract?

Posted: 10 Feb 2022 07:38 AM PST

AskScience AMA Series: We're Experts Here to Discuss Neglected Tropical Diseases and Why You Should Care About Them. AUA!

Posted: 10 Feb 2022 06:00 AM PST

African Sleeping Sickness (aka Human African Trypanosomiasis)

River Blindness (aka Onchocerciasis)

Chagas Disease

Soil-transmitted helminths

Schistosomiasis (aka Bilharzia)

Leishmaniasis

These are all are part of a family of illnesses known as Neglected Tropical Diseases [NTDs]. While malaria gets most of the headlines, NTDs deserve similar attention: collectively, they affect more than 1 BILLION people worldwide, primarily in impoverished communities.

Despite treatments (such as the now infamous ivermectin) being available and effective for use against certain diseases, a lack of resources, infrastructure and political will has left numerous populations vulnerable to preventable suffering. And as the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates, disease outbreaks in one country or region can end up affecting the entire world and the impact of these diseases of poverty is profound.

Join us today at 1 PM ET (18 UT) for a discussion, organized by the American Society for Microbiology (ASM), on the science of NTDs. We'll take your questions on the basic medical science of NTDs, discuss current strategies for mitigating the disease burden, and suggest approaches for eliminating NTDs. Ask us anything!

With us today are:

Links:

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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What exactly happens when the immune system is able to contain a disease but can't erradicate it completely?

Posted: 09 Feb 2022 01:29 PM PST

If there are stick liquids and sticky solids, are there any sticky gasses?

Posted: 10 Feb 2022 04:48 AM PST

Does birth order have an impact on someone's personality?

Posted: 10 Feb 2022 05:56 AM PST

If the moon is only 1.2% the mass of Earth, why does it half roughly a sixth the earth's gravity? Is gravity not proportional to the mass of an object in astronomy?

Posted: 09 Feb 2022 11:49 AM PST

In twin models (genetics), why is it not possible to estimate the effect of dominant genetic factors (D) without additive genetics factors (A)?

Posted: 10 Feb 2022 06:03 AM PST

Does this have a purely statistical answer (like, not being able to disentangle the contribution of both factors) and/or a scientific rationale?

submitted by /u/dilayercelik
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Is the dust transfer from the Sahara vital to the Amazon?

Posted: 08 Feb 2022 09:23 PM PST

The Sahara was green only a few thousand years ago so that dust being blown over the Atlantic and bringing rain down in the Amazon is a relatively new phenomenon. The Amazon rainforest is millions of years old.

So how necessary is the Sahara desert to the Amazon?

submitted by /u/Clacimus
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How do brain-eating amoebas (e.g. Naegleria fowleri, Balamuthia, etc) know the way to the olfactory bulb after binding to the mucosa?

Posted: 09 Feb 2022 07:08 AM PST

Are neuroreceptors which induce EPSPs and IPSPs located on different parts of the postsynpatic neuron?

Posted: 09 Feb 2022 03:27 PM PST

This is something I vaguely remember reading in a textbook in my psychology degree but I haven't found anything relevant when trying to Google to confirm it. If I remember rightly, receptors that produce EPSPs are on the more distal part of the dendrites, while IPSP-producing receptors are either directly on the soma or at least on more proximal parts of the dendrites. The "explanation" (not so much of the mechanism which is obviously to do with ions and G proteins, rather it was more a way of thinking of it that helps you remember it, supposedly) was that it was like the IPSPs had to originate along the pathway EPSPs took to the axon hillock so they could intercept them. Or, it may have been the other way round, that the EPSPs had to be closer so they could overcome the IPSPs. I clearly remember that something was overcoming something else; unfortunately, you can conceptualise that both ways.

Alternatively, the distinction may have been between the ionotropic and metabotropic receptors instead. Or, maybe, based on my lack of success Googling, neither of these things is true at all and you find receptors of all types all over the shop.

So, Reddit, can you help? It's really bugging me and my textbooks are in another country so I can't look it up there either.

submitted by /u/Quinlov
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How is it that pathogens with very high mortality rate don't go extinct simply by the fact that they kill their victims before they can spread it to others?

Posted: 09 Feb 2022 07:04 AM PST

It’s known that there’s no general algorithm that can determine in fewer than k steps if a Turing machine halts in k steps. Does it follow that there is no general algorithm for determining if a set of n Turing machines all halt in k steps in fewer than n(k) steps? If so, what is the proof of this?

Posted: 09 Feb 2022 10:55 PM PST

For instance, if you want to know whether two separate Turing machines both halt in k steps, do you, in the hardest case, just have to run them each independently for k steps each (thus 2k steps to solve the whole problem) or is that not proven one way or another?

submitted by /u/Boltzmann_Liver
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How do tears work in zero gravity?

Posted: 08 Feb 2022 11:28 PM PST

Was wondering what happens when you cry in zero gravity? What happens to the tears? Do they just flow out in bubbles? Can they perform their function? What about that little pipe that runs them down to your nose does it get any tears to clean the nose or whatever it does?

submitted by /u/hariseldon2
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What's the more modern consensus on Michel Jouvet's -paradoxical sleep- studies?

Posted: 09 Feb 2022 07:31 AM PST

I read a lot about him and his experimens mainly with cats,but I found a given quote which is intriguing and interesting:

" Jouvet conclude that "… slow wave (NREM) and paradoxical (REM) sleep are not necessary for life (at least for 4–5 months for the first and about 8 months for the second), and we cannot consider their suppression to be the cause of any serious disorders in the body. A person who had lack of sleep and dreams for 4 months, of which there are only a few minutes of nightly hallucinations, can turn out to read newspapers during the day, make plans, play cards and win, and at the same time lie on the bed in the dark all night without sleep! In conclusion, we admit: this observation makes most theories about the functions of sleep and paradoxical (REM) sleep obsolete at once, but offers nothing else" (Jouvet, 2016). "

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8058214/

Is this true in a literal way? can a mammal survive without the state known as Sleep, or only under certain neurological conditions?

submitted by /u/throwawayrty24t6
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 09 Feb 2022 07:00 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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In the block universe explanation is there a possible 'observer' within my current light cone that is experiencing the functional death of the universe?

Posted: 09 Feb 2022 12:19 PM PST

My 3 yr old wants to know why the center of strawberries (the pith?) sometimes have empty space inside

Posted: 08 Feb 2022 01:25 PM PST

Are women’s immune systems better than men’s?

Posted: 09 Feb 2022 06:35 PM PST

I just read that women's immune systems might be better than men's due to lower testosterone levels — is that true? What's the mechanism?

submitted by /u/theplushpairing
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Can desiccant silica melt metal?

Posted: 09 Feb 2022 05:56 PM PST

Ok so i bought a thermal water bottle and I didn't realize that there were those silicone balls in there. So I was getting ready to clean it. So I put hot watered down bleach in it and let it sit for a while and when I went to dump the water out I noticed that the watered got in between the walls of the water bottle. So my question is- can that combo melt metal?

submitted by /u/SubstantialAd8178
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Do the tidal forces of the moon affect clouds?

Posted: 08 Feb 2022 08:40 PM PST

Do the tidal forces of the moon affect clouds, or any other types of fluid bodies on earth? If so, how come the ocean's tides are the only effect we (humans) are generally aware of or concerned about?

submitted by /u/fjteran
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Why does the cation exchange sites in coco coir prefer certain cations over others?

Posted: 09 Feb 2022 10:51 AM PST

Hi everybody! I apologize for any spelling mistakes or weird phrases, English isn't my first language.

I work with plants that grows in coco coir, and before we plant anything in the cocos, we have to flush and buff the coco coir. Cocos has a high CEC (cation exchange capacity) which means that the particles have a negative charge. Because of this it immobilizes cations.

Cocos is naturally loaded with potassium (K+) and natrium/sodium (Na+). We flush and buff to replace this with calcium (Ca++) and magnesium (Mg++). I've read on a blogpost that cocos prefers Ca++ and Mg++ because it has two positive charges instead of one, but if that's the case, then why does it not prefer any of the cations with three positive charges like boron (B+++) and alumminium (Al+++)? Or any of the other cations from the second group like mangan (Mn++) or iron (Fe++)? There's of course the reactivity of the cations, where the cations from the first group are most reactive, the cations from the second group are medium reactive while the cations from the third group are least reactive.

Please help me understand why coco coir prefer some cations over others! thanks :)

submitted by /u/ems321
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Do we have bits of fat embedded throughout our muscles like we see on steaks? Is there a purpose for this?

Posted: 08 Feb 2022 02:08 PM PST

(Fusion/Nuclear Chem) Does tritium require less energy to fuse than deuterium?

Posted: 08 Feb 2022 10:50 PM PST

Alright, so here's a decent amount of questions that I've been eager to learn about but just can't find any good sources around that explain it in my basic layman terms.

I know that deuterium requires a quite significant amount less activation energy to fuse, does tritium require even less energy than that? Are there any isotopes of any other element that take less energy to fuse than 1H?

I understand that we are able to create fusion reactions with specifically deuterium, but would our current technology be capable of fusing 1H like stars can?

submitted by /u/jamx02
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If I have 2 gases with the same number of moles of gas and they are at the same temperature, but they occupy different volumes can someone explain to me why their kinetic energy would be the same? Why does the gas in the larger volume not need more energy to be at the same temperature as the other?

Posted: 09 Feb 2022 09:17 AM PST

thanks in advance

submitted by /u/Shronking
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Tuesday, February 8, 2022

Is the stomach basically a constant ‘vat of acid’ that the food we eat just plops into and starts breaking down or do the stomach walls simply secrete the acids rapidly when needed?

Is the stomach basically a constant ‘vat of acid’ that the food we eat just plops into and starts breaking down or do the stomach walls simply secrete the acids rapidly when needed?


Is the stomach basically a constant ‘vat of acid’ that the food we eat just plops into and starts breaking down or do the stomach walls simply secrete the acids rapidly when needed?

Posted: 08 Feb 2022 12:15 AM PST

Is it the vat of acid from Batman or the trash compactor from the original Star Wars movies? Or an Indiana jones temple with "traps" being set off by the food?

submitted by /u/HumaniAlon
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Potentially a stupid question but does inbreeding affect wild animals as negatively as it does humans?

Posted: 07 Feb 2022 09:21 AM PST

Because of the commonness of depression in humans, is it probable that it has some adaptive quality that has been selected for?

Posted: 08 Feb 2022 12:57 AM PST

When a person feels "run down", what systems or internal processes are creating that feeling?

Posted: 07 Feb 2022 03:01 PM PST

If Meditation raises GABA levels, does it mean that over time it would lead to downregulation of GABA receptors?

Posted: 08 Feb 2022 06:52 AM PST

I've read that about supplements that raise GABA. If you keep using them the receptors get downregulated. However woudnt the same have to happen with other GABA-ertic activities?

submitted by /u/fuckfcbauerninzest
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Does eye colour affect colour perception?

Posted: 07 Feb 2022 06:56 AM PST

Do e.g. green-eyed people perceive colours differently than e.g. brown-eyed people? I'm aware of the individual colour perception, but is it related to eye colour?

submitted by /u/FingerLickingPoop
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What exactly happens to meat that gets a rubbery texture after microwaving?

Posted: 08 Feb 2022 03:35 AM PST

Are the Pyramids of Giza actually perfect?

Posted: 08 Feb 2022 01:21 AM PST

Hi Reddit fam

Question…

The Pyramids of Giza are almost perfectly aligned along the cardinal points.

Given that we don't know much about how they came to be; it got me thinking…

Is there a possibility that the pyramids were perfectly aligned according to the cardinal points, thousands of years ago, but the earth may be moving?

Yes I know the land masses have changed and moved greatly over the years, but will that have an effect astronomically speaking in regards to cardinal points? If not, why not?

Please can someone explain this to me? I am no scientist 😅🙏

submitted by /u/RosNic-Auto
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Is there a physical limit to how small a flame can get?

Posted: 06 Feb 2022 04:41 PM PST

I was watching my candle slowly burn out, and it got me thinking about this.

submitted by /u/benbobbins
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Could you, theoretically, make an alloy of osmium and uranium?

Posted: 07 Feb 2022 11:24 PM PST

Why do sponges only get soft when soaked with water, but not with oil or pure alcohol?

Posted: 07 Feb 2022 06:24 PM PST

A dry synthetic sponge appears to soak up all three of these liquids - water, mineral oil, and pure isopropyl alcohol. But only liquid water will make it turn soft and easily compressible. Being liquid alone apparently isn't enough to soften a sponge, even though the sponge seems equally able to "hold" any liquid (not hydrophobic/oleophobic/etc)
I haven't tried mineral spirits.

I think even water steam (when aimed at a hot sponge, so as to prevent condensation) fails to make the sponge soft.

Why is water special in this regard?

submitted by /u/ffelix916
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What determines if a gene is recessive or dominant?

Posted: 07 Feb 2022 06:50 PM PST

How do subways run on a SINGLE line of wire? Every electrical outlet has two poles.

Posted: 07 Feb 2022 06:42 PM PST

Subways (or any electrified train for that matter) use overhead wires or third rails. Why are the overhead wires always a single wire? Why isn't there a "fourth rail"?

submitted by /u/cantaffordfood
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What are the largest pathogens that the immune system can effectively fight?

Posted: 07 Feb 2022 05:25 PM PST

We know the immune system can fight viruses and bacteria, but can it fight things that are much larger? Can the immune system be effective against anything visible to the naked eye?

submitted by /u/keenanpepper
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Is methane produced at the cathode during potassium briomide electrolysis?

Posted: 07 Feb 2022 08:33 AM PST

Would hydrogen react with carbon?

submitted by /u/MCClipss
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what magnets were used in 19th century electromagnetic experiments? (i.e. Faraday's motor)

Posted: 07 Feb 2022 02:36 PM PST

what is the 'permanent bar magnet' that was used in Faraday's experiment? A lodestone or a metal rod that had been magnetised? how was it made?

submitted by /u/PepperBoggz
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Weight of impact at terminal velocity?

Posted: 07 Feb 2022 04:14 PM PST

So, let's say you are falling off a skyscraper, and down below is an analog scale. As you reach terminal velocity and make impact with the scale, how much heavier would it read in comparison to your actual weight?

For instance, if I jump on a scale, it will momentarily read a very high number due to the force of my body coming down. What would that ratio be at terminal velocity? (I'm about 135lbs if you want to use that number lol)

submitted by /u/mrsethyo
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How does a clinical lab identify what bacteria you’re infected with?

Posted: 07 Feb 2022 10:43 AM PST

I've been curious about this and not been able to find a clear answer on the Google Machine. For example, say I went into the hospital and they sent a sample out for testing, how does the microbiology lab determine what kind of bacteria it is? Is it just a visual detection under a microscope?

Also, when they test what antibiotics would work on the infection, is it an all-in-one identification test/device used, or are there separate tests for identifying the type of bacteria and what antibiotics would work best?

submitted by /u/Semaphore98
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Is it possible to form an electrolyte in an organic solution without using water or a surfactant?

Posted: 07 Feb 2022 07:23 AM PST

That's it, I just want to know if it's possible and in case it is, how and with what? Thanks

submitted by /u/alejo5666
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How much alcohol dehydrogenase is there in the liver?

Posted: 07 Feb 2022 05:49 PM PST

What is the mass of the alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver when drinking to break down alcohol at the standard rate of .015g/100mL per hour?

submitted by /u/Jmoorelm
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Is the Omicron variant affecting the heart like the earlier COVID variants were? Are cardiac effects less likely if one is vaccinated?

Posted: 07 Feb 2022 02:39 PM PST

Where does the energy of GRB come from? (and a few more questions)

Posted: 07 Feb 2022 07:40 PM PST

A few questions I cannot really find the answer to.

It is theorised that neutron stars are formed when gravity compresses iron and other heavy atoms to the point where protons and electrons fuse together to form neutrons. As I understand, this is would be due to the electron capture process mediated by the W bosons. Which is the same process as the decay of free neutrons into protons, just in reverse. Is this because of the T symmetry of the weak force?

As for Gamma ray bursts

Do we know the actual mechanism of how they form? I mean, something more profound than the formation of a blackhole due to the collapse of a star or merge/collision.

Where does the released energy actually come from? Is it due to the fusion of whatever is inside a neutron star to whatever is inside of a black hole and/or particles disintegrating into pure energy/photons?

Secondly, why does it come out of the poles? Is it because of the star's magnetic field? But given that photons are neutrally charged, why would the magnetic field matter?

Thirdly, say you have a neutron star just on the edge of it's upper mass limit and a small comet crashes into to, taking it over the edge and making it collapse. Given the extraordinary amount of energy released by the GRB, would this mean that the mass of the resulting blackhole be lower than the one of the neutron star + comet?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/Maezel
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Is the speed of random mutation to a genome affected by environmental stress?

Posted: 07 Feb 2022 10:42 AM PST

Do the mechanisms that control mutation operate less effectively during sickness, starvation, etc?

submitted by /u/Zipperskin
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What is a human beings prime age to procreate? Genetically when is the best time.

Posted: 07 Feb 2022 06:41 AM PST

Is there a biological prime time to have the most healthy children?

submitted by /u/DearScreen7887
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Sunday, February 6, 2022

Question from my 4.5 yo son: What color eyes did dinosaurs have?

Question from my 4.5 yo son: What color eyes did dinosaurs have?


Question from my 4.5 yo son: What color eyes did dinosaurs have?

Posted: 05 Feb 2022 11:47 PM PST

My 4.5 yo son loves drawing and learning. He's really into dinosaurs right now, so I got him a how to draw dinosaurs book and some children's level books on dinosaurs.

After going through everything, he really wants to know what color eyes dinosaurs actually had, because he really likes to make his drawings realistic. I told him that we're making new discoveries all the time, but we still don't know some things, and he's down with that, because his books touched a lot on it.

I tried looking up an answer, but I can only find recent discoveries on the color of their bodies/feathers. It's suggested that their eye color range would likely be similar to birds. Can anyone give me a more detailed/more accurate answer? Don't feel the need to skip out on details or bigger words, my son loves all the info he can get! I told him I'd have a good answer for him tomorrow when he wakes up. Thank you so much!

submitted by /u/Waithowmanywasthat
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Why do our eyes feel so heavy when we are sleepy?

Posted: 05 Feb 2022 03:24 PM PST

How are rabies vaccines made?

Posted: 05 Feb 2022 11:39 PM PST

What are the steps involved in making of Anti rabies vaccine?

submitted by /u/ConcentrateSea2778
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Can objects (such as wood) reach high temperatures without burning?

Posted: 05 Feb 2022 03:23 PM PST

I read a bit about active charcoal and how it's produced, so I got interested in the following:

Does the wood only get heated (600-900 C) without necessarily burning? because burning wood creates ash, whilst active charcoal is from charcoal, which is not the same.

Or is it inevitable for a combustible object to burn at high temperatures?'

Edit: Additional info: To create active charcoal, wood is placed in an isolated fireproof container inside a hot system/fire with desired temperatures of 600-900 C for 4-6 hours.

submitted by /u/qualityiscorrupt
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Why don't other viruses nearly eradicated by vaccines not evolve to evade immunity like Covid does?

Posted: 05 Feb 2022 02:23 PM PST

Covid-19 has seen lots of variants that evade the immune response from prior variants, either acquired from the virus or from vaccines made based on their spike protein characteristics.

Measles is incredibly infectious but historically we were able to nearly eliminate it in the Western world. Why did it not evolve to evade vaccine induced immunity like Covid does?

submitted by /u/zoopcupness
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Is it a coincidence that chlorophyll absorption spectrum overlaps the visible spectrum?

Posted: 05 Feb 2022 12:09 PM PST

Is there any physiological or evolutionary connection between the absorption spectra of chlorophyll and the rods and cones found in retinae?

submitted by /u/lazyplayboy
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How accurate have most climate change models been over the last fifty years?

Posted: 05 Feb 2022 07:22 AM PST

We know that the earth is heating because of us, but how accurate have most models been over the last 50 years or so in regards to temperature change or other effects? You often see "but they said new York or Miami would be underwater by now" as a dismissal of climate change, but was that ever really a mainstream climate prediction?

submitted by /u/rosecurry
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Antarctica with no ice sheets, does that account for isostasy?

Posted: 05 Feb 2022 01:05 PM PST

There are many 'fun-fact' compilations that state that if Antarctica was without ice it would be an archipelago, but I get the feeling this is just reading off the raw elevation stat for the bedrock underneath the ice sheet. Obviously over a short timescale like anthropogenic climate change there would be no isostatic readjustment, but in what-if scenarios where ice never formed on Antarctica surely we would need to factor in the isostatic effect the ice sheet has had?

The question then is, if you model isostatic rebound for an ice less Antarctica, does it become a full continent?

submitted by /u/L1qu1dN1trog3n
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How is dopamine signaling in the mesolimbic pathway associated with positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

Posted: 05 Feb 2022 04:16 PM PST

If the primary task of the mesolimic pathway is to mediate pleasure and reinforcement, how does it effect our auditory or visual experience?

submitted by /u/Aaron_Fernandez
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Do inner electron shells decrease in diameter with more protons?

Posted: 05 Feb 2022 09:13 AM PST

I was actually paying attention to a science book for a change (Elements) and I noticed that within each row, atomic radius decreases as the elements go up. Such as Hydrogen 53pm and Helium 31pm. In the next row, Lithium, Beryllium, and Boron are 167pm, 112pm, and 87pm.

I'm assuming but please check me that this is caused by the additional proton. That is, the extra positive charge both attracts a new electron and pulls the already present electrons in tighter.

Building on this assumption, I started to wonder if the inner electron shells continue to shrink with every extra proton. The atomic radius, I presume, only measures the outermost shell, so I can't tell what the inner shells are doing.

submitted by /u/nowducks_667a1860
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Do some animals who are not humans come to prefer cooked food? It so, why?

Posted: 05 Feb 2022 12:51 PM PST

Saturday, February 5, 2022

If Cheetahs were extinct, would palaeontologists be able to gauge how fast they were based on their fossil record?

If Cheetahs were extinct, would palaeontologists be able to gauge how fast they were based on their fossil record?


If Cheetahs were extinct, would palaeontologists be able to gauge how fast they were based on their fossil record?

Posted: 04 Feb 2022 07:10 AM PST

And how well are we able determine the speed and mobility of other extinct creatures?

submitted by /u/moversby
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What is happening physiologically when you have a “knot” in a muscle?

Posted: 04 Feb 2022 10:30 AM PST

What is happening physiologically when you have a "knot" in a muscle? By knot I am referring to a tight or particularly sore area in a muscle belly. When palpated it can feel like a small lump or tense area. They tend to go away with stretching, and or some pressure to the area.

submitted by /u/Tubby0518
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Why is the omicron wave *falling* so quickly in so many different political jurisdictions?

Posted: 05 Feb 2022 07:53 AM PST

For example: In NY (and several other US states), daily new cases has dropped by ~75% in the past 2 weeks. That seems much faster drops in new cases than previous waves.

Why are case rates, after the peak of the wave happens, dropping so very quickly?

submitted by /u/astroproff
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Would plants still be green for photosynthesis if we had a different kind of star for our sun?

Posted: 05 Feb 2022 07:21 AM PST

Let's say we had a blue dwarf, neutrino, or red giant instead of Old Sol. Assuming we were still in a comparable habitable zone and life developed along similar lines, would our plants still be mainly green?

submitted by /u/Borlongati
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The influence of Isaac Newtons spectrum at his time?

Posted: 05 Feb 2022 08:43 AM PST

Hello everyone, I wonder which influence Isaac Newton had with his discovery of the color spectrum and the invention of his color wheel at his time. I know that a lot of astrophysics today is done with spectralanalysis, but the spectralanalysis today is much more developed. Where did Newton had a direct influence with his color theory at his time? Who did use Newtons color wheel or spectrum so you could say Newton had a direct influence on him?

submitted by /u/InternetRambo7
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Is it actually possible for a healthy individual to increase their lung capacity/function?

Posted: 05 Feb 2022 03:05 AM PST

When I was a kid I uses to think free divers and other swimmers could increase their lung size via breath training, but it turns out training actually just increases CO2 resistance. Still cool, but I'm still slightly disappointed these swimmers aren't actually growing their lungs like muscles.

So, my question is, is it impossible for a healthy adult to increase their lung capacity/function?

submitted by /u/l1v1ng
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Is it possible for animals to suffer from insomnia or other sleep disorders like humans do?

Posted: 05 Feb 2022 07:29 AM PST

Does having H1N1 t-cells help immunity against covid?

Posted: 05 Feb 2022 08:29 AM PST

How did the anus and urethra evolve?

Posted: 04 Feb 2022 04:35 PM PST

Do Animals physically discipline their kids, or is that a uniquely human thing?

Posted: 05 Feb 2022 07:28 AM PST

If a pregnant woman were to end up in a coma, would there still be childbirth?

Posted: 04 Feb 2022 10:45 AM PST

Say that the woman is now braindead and 8-9 months pregnant, would the child die in the womb or would there be sort of an "inactive" birth where the body takes control?

submitted by /u/inafonalie
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Can someone explain the physical or chemical mechanics of cleaning carrot juice with vegetable oil?

Posted: 05 Feb 2022 05:45 AM PST

I washed for the first time carrot juice stain from a new white plastic kitchenware whit vegetal oil. It blew my mind how effective it was! Looked like a magic trick...

submitted by /u/RXY36
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Do as many interesting changes and reactions happen between, say, 10,000 Celsius and 10,200C as happen between 0C and 200C?

Posted: 05 Feb 2022 04:55 AM PST

It seems like so much happens between 0 and 200 degrees, and I just imagine that up in the thousands of degrees stuff doesn't change all that much.

Is it just our confirmation bias since we obviously evolved to notice and care more about things that relate to us, especially organic compounds? (Is there a whole potential series of compounds analogous to hydrocarbons that have lots of things happen between 10,000 and 10,200 that we don't know about/there aren't conditions for in the universe?)

Is it that more things happen between 0-200 at our pressure, but just as much would happen between 10,000 and 10,200 at, say, 0.01 atm?

Or is it that the number of "interesting" changes is the same according to a geometric change in temperature, rather than arithmetic? So between 273K and 473K is almost double the energy, so maybe the correct comparison is 10,000K and ~17,000K?

Or is the answer yes, just as much interesting stuff happens at any given band of 200 degrees?

submitted by /u/spacenegroes
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Lagrange plot: what is it really?

Posted: 05 Feb 2022 03:28 AM PST

There is a classic plot used to visualize or explain Lagrange points. Sometimes it uses isobars, sometimes it's 3d. You know the one.

It's sometimes captioned as "potential energy". Sometimes people assume the gradient indicates the net force on a particle at that position.

But what does this plot represent exactly? What is the value at an xy position? What is its unit? Is it scalar or vector?

And why are the L4 and L5 points kidney-shaped "hilltops", implying a state of high energy? Aren't they supposed to be stable?

submitted by /u/aaaidan
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Why does phosphorus have 3 and 5 as its valency?

Posted: 05 Feb 2022 03:28 AM PST

Does albinism influence the body ability to synthesize Vitamin D from sunlight?

Posted: 04 Feb 2022 06:46 AM PST

Also, does an albino individual need around the same amount of Vitamin D as a non-albino individual?

submitted by /u/Jellye
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What is the difference(s) between influenza A, B, C and D strains - and are their mechanisms of infection similar?

Posted: 04 Feb 2022 03:36 PM PST

Hi r/askscience! Ive tried to do some personal research into the above question. Though I am aware that there are differences in the 'behaviour' of each individual species (D primarily affects cattle whereas A and B are infamous for seasonal epidemics in humans etc), I was just wondering what causes these differences in behaviour? Ive tried to find relevant papers, though most of those results focus exclusively on the subtypes of influenza A.

I feel as though the answer might be obvious. If I were to hazard a guess, I would say that genetic variation has resulted in the evolution of four distinct strains (differing surface / spike proteins?), each with characteristic behaviour (host specificity, infectivity etc) differing one from the other. I might be completely wrong - but it was enjoyable to research. Any and all answers are greatly appreciated!

submitted by /u/WowzarTM
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How does heart transplantation work?

Posted: 05 Feb 2022 01:46 AM PST

Hi there, I am a high school senior studying for my med school exam and the materials sent by the university are about the cardiovascular system, more specifically the part about the anatomy and physiology of the heart, and about heart failure (pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment options, education), from Kumar and Clarks Clinical Medicine 10th edition. I was reading about non-pharmacological treatments for HF, and they mention heart transplantation, but further down it says that heart allografts do not function normally because of denervation. At first I thought they meant that receiving a heart allograft means you have to take life-long immunosuppresant therapy for it to work, but then I realized that the denervation part cannot be solved by immunosuppresants. Right now I am at a loss to be honest, how does heart transplantation even work? Do the nerves reattach themselves in some case? Because I genuinely don't see how it would work.

submitted by /u/VLightwalker
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Why are some veins squiggly?

Posted: 04 Feb 2022 06:37 AM PST

For example in the eye you can sometimes see very squiggly veins, but also in other places on the body.

Would it not make more sense if all our veins were straight, meaning they're shorter and less work would be needed to pump the blood across the body? Or is there a reason for the squiggles?

submitted by /u/Nswl
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Why does chocolate keep its form until disturbed when being melted?

Posted: 04 Feb 2022 07:51 AM PST

So unlike most things (butter, candy, ice, etc..) that just turn into a puddle of liquid when melted, when I melt chocolate, usually on a double broiler, and refrain from constantly stirring it, the pieces of chocolate basically look the same but when touched by my spatula "spill" into their liquid form

submitted by /u/UnculturedTeaPot
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What’s up with the nerves in a horse’s hoof?

Posted: 05 Feb 2022 03:36 AM PST

Obviously there's a reason behind this: https://www.reddit.com/r/interestingasfuck/comments/sl1x7c/a_horses_foot_without_the_hoof/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=ios_app&utm_name=iossmf?

Are they motor or sensory? I have so many questions, I don't know where to start.

submitted by /u/whel_sar
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Do veins and arteries get wrinkles on flex points like skin does?

Posted: 04 Feb 2022 11:51 AM PST