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Friday, January 14, 2022

Why can I see the wheel spokes on a car as it goes by if I'm not looking directly at it, but if I try to follow the wheels with my eyest hey are all blurred together ? Does the the brain only sample vision outside the center periodically so I get a strobe type affect?

Why can I see the wheel spokes on a car as it goes by if I'm not looking directly at it, but if I try to follow the wheels with my eyest hey are all blurred together ? Does the the brain only sample vision outside the center periodically so I get a strobe type affect?


Why can I see the wheel spokes on a car as it goes by if I'm not looking directly at it, but if I try to follow the wheels with my eyest hey are all blurred together ? Does the the brain only sample vision outside the center periodically so I get a strobe type affect?

Posted: 13 Jan 2022 07:37 PM PST

Waiting at a stoplight and seeing the cars go by, if I just look at the intersection I can tell that the wheels of cars going by have spokes. But if I look at a car's wheels themselves and follow them as they go by, the spokes are just a blur. Does the the brain only sample vision outside the center periodically, so I get a strobe type affect?

submitted by /u/ECatPlay
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When will the James Webb Telescope start taking images?

Posted: 13 Jan 2022 09:33 PM PST

Could it be that there is a black hole at the center of every galaxy? And that is what causes the spiral, is the slow vacuum that is eating the galaxy’s? Just curious

Posted: 13 Jan 2022 05:33 PM PST

Why is there no such thing as simultaneity?

Posted: 13 Jan 2022 07:00 PM PST

If the nearest galaxy is 250k light years away, I understand that by the time that light reaches us and we observe that galaxy, we're actually seeing it as it was 250k years ago. But why does this translate to this galaxy being 250k years in the past? Why can't we say that something happens simultaneously in our galaxy and that one, but they won't be observed for 250k+ years?

If there was some way to observe both galaxies at the same time, wouldn't everything happen simultaneously?

submitted by /u/BigPawh
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Where does the length of the nerve go during a rotationplasty?

Posted: 13 Jan 2022 01:48 PM PST

I was wandering around YouTube the other night and saw this video , but it doesn't fully explain how the excess length of the nerve is managed. I know you can cut blood vessels and reattach them shorter, but does this work like that? Or do the doctors spool it up around the bone or something?

Thanks.

Edit: spelling

submitted by /u/staralchemist129
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Are all parts of the Universe experiencing things simultaneously?

Posted: 14 Jan 2022 12:41 AM PST

Or because space and time are flexible is it possible for someone that lives on the opposite side of the Universe, if they were to step into a wormhole that brought them to earth that earth could still be in 50 million bc or millions of years in the future. Or would they always arrive in the current time period.

submitted by /u/whaleslayer22
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Why do ores even exist? Why isn't the Earth more homogenous?

Posted: 13 Jan 2022 12:50 PM PST

It seems like the dust from supernovae shouldn't collect in clumps of similar atoms, but settle fairly uniformly across gravitational bodies they encounter. At most, I'd expect supernovae elements to be found in fairly even, thin layers about any gravitational object, but instead we find ores. How does a streak of (say) mostly iron end up in our crust, or on an asteroid? Are they believed to be the result of Fe-rich asteroids, or is there a mechanism that makes the Fe atoms clump together in the magma of a young planet?

submitted by /u/IAmBroom
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How well does Electricity travel through molten metal?

Posted: 13 Jan 2022 04:06 PM PST

Concidering that there are different conductivities amongst different metals, how well would an Olympic sized pool of melted down, highly conductive metal pass electricity?

submitted by /u/ARoughGo
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Why does galvanic corrosion not occur within the metal alloy itself?

Posted: 13 Jan 2022 02:48 PM PST

I mean, metal alloys are mixtures of several elements, and sometimes have two or more metallic elements. Wouldn't galvanic corrosion affect this alloy on its own as there are dissimilar metals?

Bonus question I just thought of, we know how to calculate the galvanic index etc between two metal elements via their electronegativity/anodic potential etc.. How do we do that for alloys? For rough example, an alloy of 90%iron,10%tin that is in contact with copper; do we do weighted average for the alloy in comparison with the other dissimilar metal?

submitted by /u/i-answer
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Base-catalyzed hydrolysis of amides is actually not catalysis?

Posted: 13 Jan 2022 10:42 PM PST

Why is base-catalyzed hydrolysis called base catalysed when u don't get back ur initial catalyst in it's original form (OH-)?

submitted by /u/urfthur
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Are moving closer to or farther from the Virgo Cluster?

Posted: 13 Jan 2022 02:47 PM PST

I couldn't find a very clear explanation on google, but is the milky way and the local group moving closer to or farther from the virgo cluster? Are we gravitationally bound to it?

Also, I'm not talking about the virgo super cluster just the virgo cluster. Google kept confusing the two.

submitted by /u/EvenCap
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Are there exotic solvents (or solutes) for which freezing point depression and boiling point elevation are reversed (so the liquid is destabilized)?

Posted: 13 Jan 2022 03:41 PM PST

Been thinking about this (repeatedly) salting a driveway https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-do-we-put-salt-on-icy/

submitted by /u/evogenome
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What is the current scientific consensus regarding the relationship between Eukaryotes and Archaea?

Posted: 13 Jan 2022 10:55 AM PST

In the traditional 3-domain system, the domains Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota are all distinct from one another, with the latter 2 usually being sister-groups in a clade.

However recent evidence has come to light showing that Eukaryotes might have arose within Archaea, rather than being the sister group to it. More specifically, Eukaryotes might have evolved from the Asgard archaean superphylum).

What is the current consensus towards this issue? Do most evolutionary scientists today still consider Eukaryotes to be the sister group to Archaea? Or is it thought that eukaryotes are archaeans?

submitted by /u/BichirsCanBreatheAir
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Does the movement of tectonic plates affect maps and coordinates?

Posted: 12 Jan 2022 11:26 PM PST

I don't know how fast they move but could something with specific coordinates like a pirate map be rendered ineffectual in, say, 1 million years from now due to tectonic plates shifting? How long would it take?

submitted by /u/Foreveramateur
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What caused the mountain formations between Altoona and Harrisburg, PA?

Posted: 13 Jan 2022 02:51 PM PST

I'm not a geology major.

What forces created the lines of mountains between the two cities in the title?

submitted by /u/Underwood4EverHoC
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What dictates how long a rapid antigen test keeps showing positive for a virus when you are currently recovering from an infection? How long the protein antigen stays visible for the test and how sensitive they are?

Posted: 13 Jan 2022 11:59 AM PST

Persons immune system starts to clean the pathogen but does these tests show particles from viruses that can't longer infect another person?

submitted by /u/flashiCSGO
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How common is Human Herpes 8?

Posted: 13 Jan 2022 03:23 PM PST

Wondering if hhv8 is family common in the general population

submitted by /u/QuestionAsker2022
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When borax is added to spoiled milk is the reaction that neutralises the bad smell an example of an acid reacting with a base?

Posted: 13 Jan 2022 10:55 AM PST

So back in Victorian times they added borax to spoiled milk to neutralise the bad odour. They thought it was drinkable. It wasn't and they kept poisoning themselves. My question is about acids and bases. I was told that acids taste sour, bases taste bitter, so I assumed that the reaction that takes place in the spoiled milk is boracic acid neutralising a base because of the neutral odour (and I assume neutral taste). My questions are as follows: 1) what is the chemical reaction occuring when borax is added to spoiled milk, and 2) is this an example of a reaction of a base and an acid?

submitted by /u/H_Toothrot
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Do precipitates ever float on the surface of the solution instead of settling down?

Posted: 12 Jan 2022 09:41 PM PST

Wednesday, January 12, 2022

Is the universe 13.8 billion years old everywhere?

Is the universe 13.8 billion years old everywhere?


Is the universe 13.8 billion years old everywhere?

Posted: 12 Jan 2022 06:36 PM PST

I heard some electron microscopes use gallium. How is this gas used in an electron microscope?

Posted: 12 Jan 2022 05:14 PM PST

What is the technical difference between Cheek and Nasal PCR Covid tests?

Posted: 12 Jan 2022 02:47 PM PST

What are the technical difference(s) between the PCR Covid tests which use a sample from your cheek/throat versus a shallow nasal swab? Are they generally interoperable? Is there a different solution (whatever I put the fancy q-tip in) or different fancy q-tip? What would happen if I took a throat/cheek sample using a nasal kit?

Near me (Los Angeles County, California) almost all of the PCR tests offered are the shallow nasal swabs. Those aren't super comfortable, and my children HATE them to the point of needing to restrain them to swab them. Works great at a drivethrough testing site, but less so at a walk up. I'm curious why testing centers overall haven't moved to the far easier to collect cheek swabs.

submitted by /u/h110hawk
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What starts the coagulation cascade during blood stasis?

Posted: 12 Jan 2022 02:20 PM PST

I understand that stasis of blood increases the likelihood of forming blood clots due to the accumulation of the numerous clotting factors/proteins in a somewhat localized spot. However, how is factor XII activated in this situation to actually initiate the coagulation cascade?

submitted by /u/joegoldbergg
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is the spread of COVID typical for a respiratory virus

is the spread of COVID typical for a respiratory virus


is the spread of COVID typical for a respiratory virus

Posted: 12 Jan 2022 09:39 AM PST

i understand that there's no respiratory virus for which we have so much data as COVID 19, but what do we think: is this global pandemic pattern, with the virus and the Deltas and the Omicrons and etc etc and the rapid spikes in infection rates etc, something that happens all the time with your everyday harmless sneezy colds?

Followup question to 'yes' responses: are there other viruses that are following a similar pattern right now to COVID, like, are the infection waves etc correlated?

submitted by /u/aggasalk
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Are viruses alive or dead?

Posted: 12 Jan 2022 02:16 PM PST

If so, can they die or are they more closely related to a chemical reaction such as fire?

submitted by /u/EatTheBiscuitSam
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How has covid impacted on the use of single use plastics (lateral flow kits)?

Posted: 12 Jan 2022 03:01 PM PST

Is it too early to say? Will it get worse in the future? I have visions of mountains of lateral flow test kits.

submitted by /u/Baron_Lemon
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Clocks need a pendulum, crystal or something else that creates a regular beat to measure the passing of time. But how does the human body do it? How can I count in intervals of a second?

Posted: 11 Jan 2022 05:35 PM PST

If choking is when food blocks you windpipe, what is it when food blocks your esophagus?

Posted: 11 Jan 2022 06:23 PM PST

Do gaseous weight figures usually take in account their buoyancy?

Posted: 11 Jan 2022 12:15 PM PST

Just watching a SciSchow clip that mentions astronauts on ISS consumes only 840 grams of O2 a day, and I imagined how gases can be weighed, then wondered if all those metric tons of CO2 figures take in account their buoyancy when the samples were measured...

submitted by /u/x_m_n
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AskScience AMA Series: We're Human Exploration Research Analog mission experts researching the effects of isolation on astronauts to help prepare the agency for deep space exploration. Ask Us Anything!

AskScience AMA Series: We're Human Exploration Research Analog mission experts researching the effects of isolation on astronauts to help prepare the agency for deep space exploration. Ask Us Anything!


AskScience AMA Series: We're Human Exploration Research Analog mission experts researching the effects of isolation on astronauts to help prepare the agency for deep space exploration. Ask Us Anything!

Posted: 11 Jan 2022 04:01 AM PST

Proof: https://mobile.twitter.com/nasastem/status/1479535826988060676

NASA's Human Exploration Research Analog, also known as HERA, is a unique three-story habitat designed to simulate the isolation, confinement, and remote conditions in long-term exploration scenarios. Beginning January 28th our crew will enter the habitat for a simulated mission to one of the Martian moons. Once inside, the crew will experience increasing delays in communicating with the outside world – five minutes in total once the destination is reached! Such delays will force the crew – and those coordinating their journey – to practice communicating in ways that minimize impacts to mission operations and allow the crew sufficient autonomy to accomplish the mission.

Will the stress of being enclosed with little contact to the outside world take a toll on team dynamics? Will that same stress take a toll on crew health? Will virtual assistants and other new technologies created to help astronauts on deep-space missions work with HERA crew as intended? We can't wait to answer your questions!

Here to answer your questions are:

  • Brandon Vessey (BV), Human Research Program Research Operations and Integration Element Scientist
  • Lorrie Primeaux (LP), Analog Science Lead
  • Daniel Sweet (DS), HERA Mission Control Center and Operations +Lauren Cornell (LC), Former HERA Crew Member
  • Monique Garcia (MG), Former HERA Crew Member
  • Christopher Roberts (CR), Past HERA Crew Member

We'll be ready to go at 1 pm ET (18 UT), ask us anything!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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What do we know about the increasing rates of shingles in adults of all age groups?

Posted: 11 Jan 2022 09:25 AM PST

What exactly causes the perception of tiredness or fatigue when having a high fever or flu?

Posted: 12 Jan 2022 12:20 AM PST

Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 12 Jan 2022 07:00 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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Does the light/energy radiate from the sun at the same level in every direction or is it different above the poles?

Posted: 11 Jan 2022 08:14 AM PST

How dangerous is carbon nanotube short-term exposure in the to the lungs? Is it more or less dangerous than asbestos?

Posted: 11 Jan 2022 05:01 AM PST

I hear conflicting things about dangers of this technology. I know the danger varies by shape and length of the carbon but to what extent, I couldn't find out those answers on my own.

submitted by /u/ElementalFade
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What makes a liquid foam up when beaten?

Posted: 12 Jan 2022 06:02 AM PST

there is no foaming when i beat water, but there is foaming in latte for example. Why is that?

submitted by /u/sensitiveleg2
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Why is our body able to fight certain viruses/diseases and eventually develop anti-bodies but can't for others?

Posted: 11 Jan 2022 03:07 PM PST

When it comes to diseases like measles, in most cases, once our body fights off the disease we are granted lifetime immunity. When it comes to the flu, immunity is mostly temporary because of mutation.

But what about viruses such as HSV or HIV/AIDS where we have to rely on medication for the rest of our lives to keep fighting? Why is our body unable to recognize the virus and fight it to develop natural immunity over time?

submitted by /u/MeesturShak
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Why do we have so many variants of flu and COVID viruses, but we don't commonly hear of any HIV variants?

Posted: 10 Jan 2022 03:58 PM PST

Is the rate of major archeological/paleontological discoveries increasing, decreasing, or staying the same?

Posted: 12 Jan 2022 06:41 AM PST

On one hand, I could see the rate slowing down, if most of the easy-to-reach sites had been found, and as development paves and builds over more land, making it inaccessible.

On the other hand, I could see it speeding up, as more building projects break more ground, or as more scientists enter these fields worldwide.

What I'm really getting at, I suppose, is... do we have any sense of what the future holds? Is it an exciting time in archaeology/peleontology, or should we expect that the best finds are behind us, with the exception of an occasional big discovery? Is there any way to know?

Related, are there any mathematical models related to this question, similar to how peak oil theories try to predict how much oil can be feasibly reached?

submitted by /u/darien_gap
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Why do bats make such good reservoirs for zoonotic viruses?

Posted: 11 Jan 2022 04:09 PM PST

Why isn’t Shingles vaccine used for chicken pox as well?

Posted: 11 Jan 2022 09:43 AM PST

How accurate are earthquake predictions?

Posted: 11 Jan 2022 11:11 PM PST

I read in another thread that the interpretation of seismic silences can be accounted by poissonian distribution, so all events are independent from one another. I ask this because where I live there's lately been talk of an 8.8 magnitude earthquake, given the past history.

Also, if it turns out that events are actually not independent, how feasible would it be for foreshocks to extend into the months? There's been two moderate quakes within less than a month here and for the last couple of years I've noticed they've become more common.

submitted by /u/Ego73
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How are we able to determine how far away any given animal can smell something?

Posted: 12 Jan 2022 05:55 AM PST

I just popped open a drink, and the lid had an animal fact that Polar Bears can smell a Seal from 20 miles away, so I wondered how they determine something like that. How do they factor-in weather or wind? And then how do they work this out for aquatic animals? That one really gets me because the particles are suspended in the water, and presumably the smell can't go any further than the further particulate.

submitted by /u/PinkSockLoliPop
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Is it possible to have groups G and H such that G is a subgroup of H and H is a subgroup of G?

Posted: 11 Jan 2022 06:27 PM PST

obviously I mean when H and G are not isomorphic, otherwise the integers would work.

submitted by /u/deaths_accountant
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If prions are so aggresive in attracting other prions to aggregate, why is the incubation period for prion related disease so long?

Posted: 11 Jan 2022 04:03 PM PST

Have scientists decided what the first observation of the James Webb telescope will be once fully deployed?

Posted: 10 Jan 2022 04:15 AM PST

Once the telescope is fully deployed, calibrated and in position at L2 do scientist have something they've prioritized to observe?

I would imagine there is quite a queue of observations scientists want to make. How do they decide which one is the first and does it have a reason for being first?

submitted by /u/-my_reddit_username-
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how long does the lifecycle of influenza last?

Posted: 11 Jan 2022 08:45 PM PST

what I mean is how long does it take between one being born inside a cell. emerging. infecting a new cell and creating more?

how long does that process take?

submitted by /u/ParoxyRio2
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Why do your white blood cells not attack tattoo ink thus getting rid of them?

Posted: 11 Jan 2022 08:39 AM PST

Does cardio fitness have 'memory' like muscles do that makes it come back faster the second time?

Posted: 11 Jan 2022 04:30 AM PST

If so, how?

submitted by /u/ElectroBoy97
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Can the James Webb telescope discover the source of super massive black holes?

Posted: 11 Jan 2022 12:22 PM PST

So from what I understand we don't know where they come from. Stellar black holes come from collapsed stars, but galactic super massive are too big to have grown that big considering the age of the universe.

If James Webb can look far back in time, might it see how these things were seeded/formed?

submitted by /u/Global-Date
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Are there any examples of plants or animals utilising an evolutionary niche that arises from the human-made 7 day week?

Posted: 10 Jan 2022 11:11 AM PST

Is JWST going to give us better images of galaxy filaments and the cosmic web?

Posted: 11 Jan 2022 12:41 AM PST

And if not, are there instruments operating or being planned that are dedicated to this area specifically? I'm also interested to know if there's a 3D model made of currently observed filament structure and if it's possible to view it somehow on a computer software.

submitted by /u/Delukse
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How much can boiling a pot of water raise the humidity in a building?

Posted: 10 Jan 2022 09:28 PM PST

My question is because at my cabin that is heated by a wood stove it gets very dry and we always put a pale of water on the stove to counter act the fire. With out the water every time you walk around and you touch something you get a static shock. With the water on the stove it stops. I'm just wondering how much change a small bucket of water can make in a whole cabin.

submitted by /u/BugMan717
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What (if any) differences exist between delta-9 THC derived from conventional sources vs delta-9 THC derived from hemp?

Posted: 10 Jan 2022 06:43 AM PST

The past couple years, delta-8 THC was being screwed as a legally produced alternative to conventional delta-9 THC products. Recently, I've seen new products marketed as containing delta-9 THC, somehow legalized under the same provision.

What's the difference between this hemp-derived d9-THC and traditional d9-THC? Is there a chemical difference, like with delta-8? Is it solely a legal distinction? Is it a difference in production?

submitted by /u/TheFirstUranium
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What kind of bonds do virus protein spikes form to bond to a cell receptor?

Posted: 09 Jan 2022 06:09 PM PST

Covalent? Polar covalent? Ionic?

submitted by /u/shawnwingsit
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Sunday, January 9, 2022

Why are prions so hard to destroy?

Why are prions so hard to destroy?


Why are prions so hard to destroy?

Posted: 09 Jan 2022 12:31 AM PST

Most proteins denature below boiling temperature. Prions, as far as I know, are just a type of protein.

Is there a specific reason why prions are so hard to destroy? And is it in any way linked to the diseases they cause? Or is it just pure coincidence?

submitted by /u/shieldyboii
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Evidence for Biological Age Acceleration and Telomere Shortening in COVID-19 Survivors. What does this mean for the general population?

Posted: 08 Jan 2022 09:46 PM PST

Assuming COVID-19 originated from bats, is it possible to identify trends of infection spread, symptoms, death, and variants in the source animal to predict outcomes of COVID-19 in humans?

Posted: 09 Jan 2022 07:56 AM PST

In other words... is there anything we can learn from the bat species that infected humans based on their experience with the virus?

submitted by /u/clucky12
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How do Prions transfer their shape to other proteins?

Posted: 08 Jan 2022 09:09 PM PST

All I could find is the are ABLE to do this, but how do they do this? Aren't prions just a misfolded protein? How could they reshape a protein?

submitted by /u/Frayjais
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Does the Moon's gravity leave any geological traces that are identifiable in Earth's strata over time?

Posted: 08 Jan 2022 06:09 PM PST

I mean, are there any geologic markers on Earth that have been identified to track the historical path of the Moon around the Earth, to identify when the Earth first captured the Moon?

submitted by /u/sweaterJana
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Does monoclonal antibody treatment for COVID make someone noncontagious sooner than otherwise?

Posted: 08 Jan 2022 09:39 PM PST

Are the 'Delmicron' and the newly-discovered 'Deltacron' variants significantly different?

Posted: 09 Jan 2022 05:30 AM PST

There were recently news about a Delmicron variant (such as this one), but it seems a Deltacron variant has been discovered in Cyprus (source). Are these variants significantly different?

submitted by /u/LordSaumya
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Do electrons actually move in a transistor?

Posted: 08 Jan 2022 04:30 PM PST

I know in a closed circuit that electric charge flows through conductive material but that the drift velocity of the electrons transferring the charge works out to be something in the range of a few centimeters per hour. In a transistor (in a closed circuit) is there a similar drift velocity value or is there some greater degree of complexity to the movement of electrons?

submitted by /u/boderanos
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Does taste of food matter in animals ? does it differ between domestic and wild animals ?

Posted: 08 Jan 2022 01:59 AM PST