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Monday, December 20, 2021

Can other people's phones "hear" LTE traffic that's addressed to your phone? If data is broadcasting from a cell tower, then how does your phone differentiate your traffic from other people's traffic?

Can other people's phones "hear" LTE traffic that's addressed to your phone? If data is broadcasting from a cell tower, then how does your phone differentiate your traffic from other people's traffic?


Can other people's phones "hear" LTE traffic that's addressed to your phone? If data is broadcasting from a cell tower, then how does your phone differentiate your traffic from other people's traffic?

Posted: 20 Dec 2021 06:07 AM PST

Would it be possible and make sense to combine a COVID vaccine booster with a flu shot in a single, annual dose?

Posted: 19 Dec 2021 11:29 AM PST

do viruses from 30 years ago exist? for example flu strains, or the first variant of covid?

Posted: 20 Dec 2021 07:08 AM PST

Does the first variant of covid still exist?

I ask because no one seems to be tested for it in my country anymore.

Secondly, do viruses from 100 years ago still exist?

Did they disappear naturally?

submitted by /u/uttftytfuyt
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We know about colour blindness, where certain colours cannot be seen properly and get compensated for by the other cones in the eye. Is there a similar condition for taste buds where people will experience vastly different flavours from a 'taste-normal' person?

Posted: 20 Dec 2021 07:45 AM PST

How did omicron get *50*mutations? Would this happen in one host or would 1 or 2 mutations happen in one person and that transmitted just a bit better than delta?

Posted: 19 Dec 2021 06:13 AM PST

In other words….you've got the delta variant, which I assume is the variant omicron has fifty different mutations from? (Or is it 50 compared to the original?)

Anyhow, person A has Delta. Does delta gain 50 mutations in person A, and so it transmits more and got to person B? Or does it develop 1-2 mutations reproducing in A, and go to B and mutate a few ways, then C?

How many mutations can occur in an individual host?

And, how many mutations would omicron need to become another variant that's being tracked by authorities as a new thing? I'd assume just one if that one meant it travelled more successfully than omicron?

Finally, let's say we think of It like vehicles. Is this more like the Ford E350 where it can a bus or fire truck or ambulance or FedEx depending on what back you put on, but the core truck is the same? Or is more like a Toyota where each model broke off from another model by becoming roomier or sportier or fancier?

submitted by /u/davidjschloss
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How was static shock explained in the past, before electricity was understood?

Posted: 19 Dec 2021 09:37 AM PST

In school I learned the number antibodies your body produces in response to an infection never decays to zero but instead decays to some baseline. Does that baseline increase with subsequent reinventions of the same disease?

Posted: 20 Dec 2021 11:06 AM PST

Why should we wait for 6 months before getting a booster shot?

Posted: 19 Dec 2021 12:44 PM PST

For some vaccines like Pfizer and Moderna it is recommended to wait for 6 months before getting a booster shot. In some places it is not just recommended, but enforced -- you can't get a booster before 6 months pass. So why is it 6 months and not 3, 4, 5, 7 or 8? Is it mostly bureaucratic/logistical issue, or are there some actual medical reasons for that?

I've heard that for Delta and Omicron protection after 6 months is noticeably lesser than after 3 months. So wouldn't it be better to get a shot every 3 months? Would it make serious side-effects more likely?

I've heard rumors that too many shots of some vaccine can give you immunity from adenovirus it is based on, so that could also be a reason to not get boosters too often. But I haven't heard estimations on how many is "too many". And that probably shouldn't apply to mRNA vaccines anyway?

Edit: BMJ has published some relevant information today.

submitted by /u/Ashtero
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What causes hair loss from eating disorders?

Posted: 19 Dec 2021 07:38 AM PST

Is it a high stress level? Or lack of nutrients or something

submitted by /u/TheRealGreenTreeFrog
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Did every person with red hair come from the same mutated person, or did the mutation happen multiple times?

Posted: 18 Dec 2021 01:49 PM PST

I first posted this in r/askhistorians hoping for a sort of time line, but it was removed for being a science question. I am no expert but I'd appreciate any insight someone could give here!

I was reading that the people in England originate from the same group as the Celts. But the Celts have a higher percentage of red hair. But the red hair gene I thought originated 30 000 + years ago in Asia. So was it that one person in Asia who's descendents ended up being Celts but somehow not English? Or did the mutation happen again independently of being passed down from them?

Thank you!

Edit: thank you for all the replies. I'm really happy that so many people are curious about this as well. I apologize for generalizing and referring to the Irish and Scottish as 'Celts'. The Celts are a diverse group not limited to that region!

submitted by /u/redwinterberries
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Is there a difference in how our immunity system reacts to viruses in the airways vs viruses in the lungs?

Posted: 19 Dec 2021 11:23 PM PST

I just saw this article referencing a study done in Hong Kong which found that Omicron seems to replicate 70 times faster in airway tissues than delta, but 10 times slower in the lungs.
My main question is, is there a difference in the way the immune system will attack Covid 19 when it's in the lungs vs when it's in our airways? Would it be less violent of a reaction or is there simply less damage to be done in the airways? Also curious about the speed with which the immune systems gets triggered.

I know and understand that this study hasn't been peer reviewed yet, so we should take it with a whole rock of salt. But it got me curious about the mechanization of our immune system in different parts of our body - and with the assumption that this study is accurate, I'm curious about what it means.

submitted by /u/AxlLight
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Can you catch the Omicron and Delta variants simultaneously?

Posted: 19 Dec 2021 03:10 PM PST

And would you become twice as sick?

submitted by /u/ALW10
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Whats the difference between “Flux Pinning“ and “Quantum Locking“ in Superconductors?

Posted: 19 Dec 2021 03:15 PM PST

How does a space telescope turn?

Posted: 20 Dec 2021 12:12 AM PST

If Hubble or some other telescope is pointed into one direction how can it take images of stars that are, for instance, directly behind it (180°)? I understand that they don't have any propellant to turn them. Also, they can't turn the mirrors. Are they in some kind of constant rotating motion and then actually have just some limited time they can be pointed in a single direction? If you're a scientist and want an image of particular star or galaxy, do you have to wait for the telescope to be pointed in that exact direction?

How does that work?

EDIT: Thanks to /u/katinla, /u/udmh-nto and /u/Temporary_Internal28 I got the information necesssary to answer my question so there's no need to add more comments. Now I know the basics and will continue researching further. :)

submitted by /u/Arthur_Boo_Radley
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Is there a time frame for "full protection" after the third (booster) shot for the covid-19 vaccines?

Posted: 18 Dec 2021 04:51 AM PST

I've been wondering since here in Germany, literally the day you get your booster, you count as having had 3 shots but I remember that for the second one you had to wait 2 weeks until you were "fully immunized". Legalities are one thing, but from a virology point of view, is there such a time frame for the booster shot? I assume that it's shorter because each time your immune system has a shorter response time than before?

submitted by /u/Sniperfuchs
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Can a volcanic island have limestone areas?

Posted: 19 Dec 2021 08:43 AM PST

Is it possible for a volcanic island to have karstic landscape?

submitted by /u/Not_Derwent
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How do oil/fat/soap (or other lipids) help visible light to pass through a paper plate (or any paper or cardboard or very thin wood) when water doesn't?

Posted: 19 Dec 2021 04:47 AM PST

What do we actually mean when we say life forms on earth are carbon based ?

Posted: 19 Dec 2021 07:21 AM PST

Are both of these images of lunar halos?

Posted: 19 Dec 2021 08:18 PM PST

Image I know the top one is, but the lower photo I am not sure. Its a lot smaller of a halo and the moon is behind thicker clouds.

2 follow up questions: If it is not a halo, what is it? If it is considered a halo, does it have the same association with a possible upcoming storm?

Also, was this the best place to post this?

submitted by /u/redditcabbit
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Why is the shortest day of the year (when sub exposure is at its lowest) not more correlated with the coldest time of the year?

Posted: 19 Dec 2021 06:23 AM PST

Another way to ask this is why isn't the winter solstice not the mid point in winter?

submitted by /u/shannister
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How does general anaesthesia work? How can we take away all feeling and consciousness while keeping our breathing, heart beat and hormonal balance?

Posted: 19 Dec 2021 01:12 AM PST

Along with everything else the brain does. It seems much more than just being asleep, more like a disconnection of the brain. So how can we remove some functions while leaving others?

submitted by /u/thackthack
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What is the benefit of putting the jet engines underneath the wings, as opposed to top of them?

Posted: 18 Dec 2021 06:46 PM PST

How does a wild animal population naturally recover from an STD outbreak?

Posted: 17 Dec 2021 08:30 PM PST

Wouldn't a population be perpetually infected and/or die off as a result of STIs? In the case of animals that engage in casual sex or polygyny, I'd expect STIs would be even more easily spread.

This NCBI article Disease and the dynamics of extinction concludes that extinction events due to an infectious disease is relatively unusual…

Without any anthropogenic intervention, hepatitis could easily wipe out troops of bonobos. An outbreak of syphilis would wreck havoc in a pod of dolphins. There may be survivors that recover and possibly develop a resistance…. provided they don't get reinfected, the disease doesn't mutate, their reproductive organs aren't compromised, etc. So, what's the science behind a species surviving from an STD outbreak in the wild kingdom?

submitted by /u/Baskin
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Has the belief in homeopathy decreased within the past few years?

Posted: 17 Dec 2021 08:10 PM PST

It seems like I very rarely hear about homeopathic medicine treated as anything other than quackery anymore. A few years ago it seemed like the Next Big Thing in alternative medicine. What has caused this, or am I incorrect and it is still widely believed in?

Disclaimer: I know homeopathy is objectively BS, just curious where belief in it is compared to 5-10 years ago.

submitted by /u/Cardassia
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Can crustaceans become overweight if pampered the way some household pets do? What does obesity look like for organisms with exoskeletons?

Posted: 18 Dec 2021 11:48 AM PST

Friday, December 17, 2021

How did the Parker Sun Probe manage to broadcast video, telemetry and other data to Earth, without being affected by solar flares or noise from the radiation?

How did the Parker Sun Probe manage to broadcast video, telemetry and other data to Earth, without being affected by solar flares or noise from the radiation?


How did the Parker Sun Probe manage to broadcast video, telemetry and other data to Earth, without being affected by solar flares or noise from the radiation?

Posted: 17 Dec 2021 06:58 AM PST

Weren't solar flares strong enough to disrupt Earth's ground infrastructure? I've seen the overly exaggerated articles, but at that proximity to the sun, wouldn't it mess with Parker's communication too?

Been wondering how we got that crystal clear video of the Milky Way, with the planets outlines, and with very minimal artifacting.

submitted by /u/TheMusicFella
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Do insects have an immune system? If they don’t, how do they protect themselves from viruses and bacteria?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 05:55 PM PST

Why does a third dose of mRNA vaccine decrease the infection risk with omicron if the vaccine was developed for another variant and the first two doses offer limited protection against omicron?

Posted: 17 Dec 2021 06:49 AM PST

Why is Omicron considered a variant, rather than a novel coronavirus?

Posted: 17 Dec 2021 09:42 AM PST

I'm no expert, but from what I read it seems that the omicron variant has different symptoms and little-to-no shared immunity. At what point is it just a new coronavirus like the other coronaviruses in the world as opposed to a variant of Covid-19?

submitted by /u/mrHugMeImHuman
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All all rechargeable battery chemistries inherently degrading, or are there technologies either practical or theoretical that would allow for rechargeable batteries that barring mistreatment keep the same capacity?

Posted: 17 Dec 2021 09:49 AM PST

How exactly does a death cap mushroom kill you? What happens, chemically speaking?

Posted: 17 Dec 2021 02:36 AM PST

How long does it take a star to turn on? That is, during formation of a planetary system, the mass in the center condenses and eventually nuclear processes are started. How long does it take until the entire mass is “lit“, and the star begins to shine?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 01:24 PM PST

Do all Covid variants have the same incubation period, and does such an incubation period mean less selective pressure toward a less deadly mutation?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 06:11 PM PST

It's my understanding that the key issue with covid is the pre-symptomatic incubation period where it can still spread from person to person, which can last about two weeks.

Have there been any variants that don't have such an incubation period? And does the pre-symptomatic spread mean that a deadlier and more infectious mutation could outcompete less deadly variants?

submitted by /u/FlyLikeATachyon
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Traction control on AWD drivetrain?

Posted: 17 Dec 2021 05:51 AM PST

I was planning a project to make a raspberry pi controlled traction control system for my all wheel drive rc car and was wondering how awd cars measure their true speed. you need a true speed measurement and a drive wheel speed measurement to detect wheelspin and stop it. on a 2wd car you'd just measure from the non-drive wheel. but on awd if you get wheelspin due to excess throttle application then all 4 wheels are spinning and you can no longer read speed. I wanted to post here to see if anyone was familiar with the solution used in real cars?

submitted by /u/danknerd69
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If you move a krummholz (or tuckamore depending where you are) can it grow into a normal tree or is it stunted or mishapen forever?

Posted: 17 Dec 2021 05:42 AM PST

How does a fruit fly, as tiny as it is, detect the direction a smell is coming from, and fly towards it?

Posted: 17 Dec 2021 01:11 AM PST

Does a fruit fly have a "working memory" of what direction it was flying when the olfactory sense of a smell was at its strongest, so that it can keep flying in that direction? In a situation where the air around it isn't moving, and the smell is slowly diffusing into the ambient air, I can't quite conceptualize a way for such a small thing to detect the direction a smell is coming from without some sort of memory, a sense of flying direction, and a process in the brain that associates direction of movement and sense of what direction it was moving when a smell was strongest. Seems like a complex thing for something with a so few neurons and synapse clusters.

Does a fruit fly use visual clues to determine/remember flying direction? If so, could it sense and fly towards a vinegar smell in complete darkness?

submitted by /u/ffelix916
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If mass is converted to energy in nuclear reactions, has the mass of the universe been decreasing since the beginning?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 12:27 PM PST

Another way to potentially frame the question would be are there instances in the universe where energy is able to form mass?

submitted by /u/themrtroe
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What is causing the J&J vaccine to cause the rare complications that aren't found in Pfizer or Moderna?

Posted: 17 Dec 2021 02:00 AM PST

Is hearing volume proportional to ear/eardrum size?

Posted: 17 Dec 2021 01:48 AM PST

I was watching TV and got concerned that the sound waves from the show would be much larger in proportion to my Cat's eardrum, potentially causing a more substantial vibration, leading to louder sound that may be uncomfortable.

However, I have found little to no info of this online. Any info would help! Wouldn't want to unknowingly damage my cats hearing on something I'd consider to be a comfortable, normal volume.

(Also I have a degree in bio with a zoology focus so feel free to jargon it up :) )

submitted by /u/critty15
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What does it mean to when they say Omicron is more infectious than delta (or spreads faster)?

Posted: 17 Dec 2021 05:05 AM PST

Thursday, December 16, 2021

AskScience AMA Series: We're experts working on the James Webb Space Telescope, the most powerful observatory ever built. It's ready to launch. Ask us anything!

AskScience AMA Series: We're experts working on the James Webb Space Telescope, the most powerful observatory ever built. It's ready to launch. Ask us anything!


AskScience AMA Series: We're experts working on the James Webb Space Telescope, the most powerful observatory ever built. It's ready to launch. Ask us anything!

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 04:00 AM PST

The James Webb Space Telescope (aka Webb) is the most complex, powerful and largest space telescope ever built, designed to fold up in its rocket before unfolding in space. After its scheduled Dec. 24, 2021, liftoff from Europe's Spaceport in French Guiana (located in South America), Webb will embark on a 29-day journey to an orbit one million miles from Earth.

For two weeks, it will systematically deploy its sensitive instruments, heat shield, and iconic primary mirror. Hundreds of moving parts have to work perfectly - there are no second chances. Once the space telescope is ready for operations six months after launch, it will unfold the universe like we've never seen it before. With its infrared vision, JWST will be able to study the first stars, early galaxies, and even the atmospheres of planets outside of our own solar system. Thousands of people around the world have dedicated their careers to this endeavor, and some of us are here to answer your questions. We are:

  • Dr. Jane Rigby, NASA astrophysicist and Webb Operations Project Scientist (JR)
  • Dr. Alexandra Lockwood, Space Telescope Science Institute project scientist and Webb communications lead (AL)
  • Dr. Stephan Birkmann, European Space Agency scientist for Webb's NIRSpec camera (SB)
  • Karl Saad, Canadian Space Agency project manager (KS)
  • Dr. Sarah Lipscy, Ball Aerospace deputy director of New Business, Civil Space (SL)
  • Mei Li Hey, Northrop Grumman mechanical design engineer (MLH)
  • Shawn Domagal-Goldman, NASA branch head for the Planetary Systems Laboratory (SDG)

We'll be on at 1 p.m. ET (18 UT), ask us anything!

Proof!

Username: /u/NASA

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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What is a curled up dimension?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 10:36 AM PST

I know this is a stupid question but it's been bugging me.

One explanation of the extra dimensions needed for string theory is that they are "curled up." I can't make any sense of that. In my mind no matter how small or curled up a dimension is it's still length or height, just .00000whatever of the same dimension.

Thanks in advance.

submitted by /u/Slitichizzer
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Is the original version of Covid-19 extinct now?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 02:18 PM PST

Why do we prefer muscles for vaccine injection?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 02:49 PM PST

In a developing embryo or fetus, how do cells know what type to turn into and where to go in the body?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 06:36 PM PST

How do the first bone, skin, organ, blood etc cells come about? How are the first of each type created?How does a cell know what type to become? How do they know where in the body to go? Are there ever any errors, and if so what happens then?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/MoiJaimeLesCrepes
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if you heat up a goose before winter ends, would it think that summer is soon and fly north?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 05:51 PM PST

Does adding an acid to a solution already containing a stronger acid lower the pH?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 05:52 AM PST

As the title says I'm wondering if proton donation is the same regardless of other chemicals. Our specific example is with regards to carbonic acid and citrus acid (does carbonating orange juice make it more acidic) Was having the discussion and we thought of 3 outcomes and couldn't determine which was right.

1) H2CO3 when added to the orange juice would donate it's hydrogens and cause pH to be lower since we have more free hydrogen in solution.

2) pH would increase to a point between the relative acidity of carbonic acid and citric acid through the magic of chemical interactions.

3) no change in pH since the H2CO3 would be already below it's natural dissociation amount and therefore not release any of its protons into solution.

Which one of these is the case? Is there a 4th situation for what actually happens? We need to know the effects of using a sodastream with orange juice.

Thanks

submitted by /u/mymainisforlurking
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Do phytoplankton need light-dark cycles like plants?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 01:10 AM PST

I know all photosynthetic protists (old cathegory, I know) and bacteria must have a respiration process at some point, as they need to somehow survive during the night. But is their respiration regulated by day-night cycles like it happens with plants, or does it go on during the day along with photosynthesis with the same ""intensity"" as it would during the night? Could it be possible then to kill these organisms by exposing them to light 24/7?

I've tried looking it up online, but what I found is that there's wildly contradicting information about how much lack of darkness actually harms/doesn't harm plants, so now I'm even more confused lol.

submitted by /u/ModernVintage15
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Living and traveling all around the US, I've heard lots of stories about invasive species of plants, fish, insects, etc. wreaking havoc on the local enviornment. Are the examples of American flora/fauna invading other countries?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 04:56 AM PST

How do they make the Nd2Fe14B for neodymium magnets?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 03:41 AM PST

Do they just melt the Neodymium, Iron and boron all together to form an alloy? If so, since iron has a higher melting point than neodymium and boron has a higher point than iron, wouldn't the metals just vaporise? I'm not expert into these and that's why I'm asking lol.

submitted by /u/ManagerHour4250
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Do mild infections yield mild immune 'memory'?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 05:34 AM PST

TLDR: Is the probability of re-infection from a virus proportional to the severity of the initial infection?

I have heard a lot speculate that viruses evolve to be less severe, but hadn't seen any mechanism posited for that to happen. Thinking about Omicron and the number of people who have already been infected with Covid, I thought that the bigger 'advantage' could be reinfection rather than pure transmissibility (not sure the correct term).

Comparing two variants, one severe and highly transmissible but can't re-infect versus one mild, mildly transmissible (effective R slightly over 1), but CAN re-infect. Over a long evolutionary history, the second could be the one that survived.

I'm naive (to the science, not immunologically), so a pointer to introductory or moderately specific texts would be appreciated.

submitted by /u/baseball_mickey
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Do antibodies regenerate after you donate blood?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 08:44 PM PST

My Non electric metal fence post under transmission line felt like it was charged. What causes this?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 02:29 PM PST

I was putting a fence post on underneath some large transmission lines and I could feel a weird sensation like it was vibrating and it was kind of like a minor shock although more uncomfortable than painful. What causes this?

submitted by /u/panickid1
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If you're infected with covid when you get a booster, can the vaccine created spike protein bind with the real virus?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 08:22 AM PST

Will the spike my body makes be usable by the virus or is it different enough that it doesn't work?

Could that have any impact on your body's ability to fight the virus?

(Clarification: I don't think I'm infected. I'm just curious)

submitted by /u/AlbinoBeefalo
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Why are salt bridges so important in proteins? (esp the COVID omicron spike protein)? Do they induce a new "degree of freedom" in the ability of the protein to be precisely controlled by the environment?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 07:33 AM PST

When can we expect to have a clearer picture about the properties of the omicron variant (transmissibility, severity)?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 05:51 AM PST

For electromagnetic waves (light, microwaves, etc.) why does it depend on the wavelength if they can pass through a material without interacting?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 01:27 PM PST

Thinking about the grate on the front of a microwave oven, I am told that the microwaves do not pass through because the holes in the grate are smaller than the wavelength of a microwave.

However... if the grate is in the x-z plane, and the microwave is traveling on the y axis (with the electric component in the z and magnetic in the x) then why does how much of the wave passes through a point on the y-axis per cycle (wavelength) determine how it can pass through the grate?

submitted by /u/sneakyguy7500
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Do influenza and COVID-19 viruses compete against one another?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 05:32 AM PST

Basically title. I've seen numerous reports that influenza has been eclipsed by COVID-19 through the pandemic. In my country, something very odd is happening right now, as COVID cases have been low (compared to their peak earlier this year) but influenza (mostly A/H3N2) is hitting everywhere. Does having a active case of one virus makes it harder to be infected by the other?

submitted by /u/zonadedesconforto
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Aside from canine crossbreeds like the wolfdog, are male hybrids ever fertile?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 04:57 AM PST

I know that most hybrid animals of either gender are sterile, but there are rare exceptions where one does turn out fertile. But in almost every case, such as with mules and flowerhorn cichlids, it's only the females that are able to reproduce. That begs the question: are there crossings where only the males can reproduce? I am excluding the canines because from what I understand, DNA shows them to be related closely enough that, at least in the case of the wolf and the dog, the dog is actually a subspecies, and not a species in it's own right.

Thanks!

submitted by /u/Jason_Bodine
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Why are some diseases like COVID and chicken pox milder in children?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 01:03 PM PST

Wednesday, December 15, 2021

From my 7 year old: Do the things in our bodies ever get tired? Like cells and antibodies? Do they have to rest?

From my 7 year old: Do the things in our bodies ever get tired? Like cells and antibodies? Do they have to rest?


From my 7 year old: Do the things in our bodies ever get tired? Like cells and antibodies? Do they have to rest?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 05:16 AM PST

If I’m vaccinated against and then exposed to a virus, but don’t contract the virus, has my immunity been enhanced by the exposure?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 06:39 AM PST

Why could infections such as smallpox and rabies by prevented with vaccination given shortly after exposure, while vaccination against Covid-19 requires between two and three weeks to offer protection?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 05:49 AM PST

In almost all cases, a person exposed to rabies can be prevented from developing the disease if rabies vaccine is administered within a few hours following exposure. The same was true when smallpox was in circulation, with a dose of smallpox vaccine able to prevent the condition from developing if delivered within ~4 days of exposure. The current range of Covid-19 vaccines, however, are unable to be used to prevent illness following exposure and take between two and three weeks to offer protection. What are the reasons behind the differing behaviour of vaccines between these different diseases?

submitted by /u/Ashamed_Pop1835
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 07:00 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away!

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Do at-home COVID-19 tests detect any form of coronavirus, or just COVID-19 specifically?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 07:12 AM PST

This question came to my mind this morning when I tested positive on an at-home test. I can't find any information online about how specifically the tests work, but I was more just curious.

Clearly I'm in full-blown denial I tested positive on the Abbott at-home test, but I'm curious about the exact science behind how these at-home tests work.

submitted by /u/Darted_Art
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How do T-cell recognize HIV DNA in them ?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 06:17 AM PST

From what I understand, a significant part of our genome is viral genome. (Around 8% at least)

On the other hand, when one has AIDS, most of the destroyed T-cells actually commit suicide, because they realize they have HIV DNA (viral DNA) in them.

So, where did I miss a step ?

Because as it is, it would mean T-cells should all self-explode.

submitted by /u/greenjayloop
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How was the unfurling of the James Webb golden mirror tested?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 02:28 PM PST

Considering we can't recreate the exact conditions that will exist at L2 how did the NASA scientists convince themselves that all of the 344 'single points of failure' would succeed?

If those 344 points are truly independent they need a very high confidence in each step of the process. How do you get that kind of confidence in something this complicated?

Over the following month it will have to execute a series of maneuvers with 344 "single points of failure" in order to unfurl its big golden mirror and deploy five thin layers of a giant plastic sunscreen that will keep the telescope and its instruments in the cold and dark. --- https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/14/science/james-webb-telescope-launch.html

submitted by /u/EagleOfMay
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What percentage of people who have COVID-19 are asymptomatic? How does this vary by variant?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 04:52 AM PST

I recall a figure, from last year I think, saying that one third of people who had COVID19 didn't display any symptoms. Has that figure changed much, either by time or due to the new variants emerging?

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When you’re hooked up to a hospital bed and it’s monitoring your “vitals”, which measurements are actually considered your vitals?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 07:03 PM PST

When the moon broke off from the earth, why did it separate from the earth and start orbiting around earth instead of dropping straight down because of gravity? Why does the moon still spin around earth instead of being attracted in the direction of earth and colliding with it?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 07:07 PM PST

I aim a laser beam at a mirror and reflect it back to me. Is there a point in time when the velocity of the beam of light is zero? A point (maybe only in theory) when the beam has struck the mirror but has not yet been reflected back?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 10:12 PM PST

In other words, does the velocity of the beam of light go from c, to zero, to c; or does it remain at c throughout the process of reflection?

I honestly don't know if this is a stupid question or not. If it is a stupid question, I apologize.

submitted by /u/PaulsRedditUsername
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What difference does it make if a medication cannot cross the blood brain barrier?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 07:03 PM PST

What do we know about the omicron variant mutations BESIDES the spike proteins?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 07:43 PM PST

I keep hearing about mutations to spike proteins with every new variant. However I have never once heard about mutations to the rest of the structure of the virus. I would think that a corona virus, and the effects that it has on us, is more than just effects of the spike proteins. So does the rest of the virus mutate at all, and where can I find information in that?

submitted by /u/afos2291
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