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Thursday, December 16, 2021

AskScience AMA Series: We're experts working on the James Webb Space Telescope, the most powerful observatory ever built. It's ready to launch. Ask us anything!

AskScience AMA Series: We're experts working on the James Webb Space Telescope, the most powerful observatory ever built. It's ready to launch. Ask us anything!

AskScience AMA Series: We're experts working on the James Webb Space Telescope, the most powerful observatory ever built. It's ready to launch. Ask us anything!

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 04:00 AM PST

The James Webb Space Telescope (aka Webb) is the most complex, powerful and largest space telescope ever built, designed to fold up in its rocket before unfolding in space. After its scheduled Dec. 24, 2021, liftoff from Europe's Spaceport in French Guiana (located in South America), Webb will embark on a 29-day journey to an orbit one million miles from Earth.

For two weeks, it will systematically deploy its sensitive instruments, heat shield, and iconic primary mirror. Hundreds of moving parts have to work perfectly - there are no second chances. Once the space telescope is ready for operations six months after launch, it will unfold the universe like we've never seen it before. With its infrared vision, JWST will be able to study the first stars, early galaxies, and even the atmospheres of planets outside of our own solar system. Thousands of people around the world have dedicated their careers to this endeavor, and some of us are here to answer your questions. We are:

  • Dr. Jane Rigby, NASA astrophysicist and Webb Operations Project Scientist (JR)
  • Dr. Alexandra Lockwood, Space Telescope Science Institute project scientist and Webb communications lead (AL)
  • Dr. Stephan Birkmann, European Space Agency scientist for Webb's NIRSpec camera (SB)
  • Karl Saad, Canadian Space Agency project manager (KS)
  • Dr. Sarah Lipscy, Ball Aerospace deputy director of New Business, Civil Space (SL)
  • Mei Li Hey, Northrop Grumman mechanical design engineer (MLH)
  • Shawn Domagal-Goldman, NASA branch head for the Planetary Systems Laboratory (SDG)

We'll be on at 1 p.m. ET (18 UT), ask us anything!

Proof!

Username: /u/NASA

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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What is a curled up dimension?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 10:36 AM PST

I know this is a stupid question but it's been bugging me.

One explanation of the extra dimensions needed for string theory is that they are "curled up." I can't make any sense of that. In my mind no matter how small or curled up a dimension is it's still length or height, just .00000whatever of the same dimension.

Thanks in advance.

submitted by /u/Slitichizzer
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Is the original version of Covid-19 extinct now?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 02:18 PM PST

Why do we prefer muscles for vaccine injection?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 02:49 PM PST

In a developing embryo or fetus, how do cells know what type to turn into and where to go in the body?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 06:36 PM PST

How do the first bone, skin, organ, blood etc cells come about? How are the first of each type created?How does a cell know what type to become? How do they know where in the body to go? Are there ever any errors, and if so what happens then?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/MoiJaimeLesCrepes
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if you heat up a goose before winter ends, would it think that summer is soon and fly north?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 05:51 PM PST

Does adding an acid to a solution already containing a stronger acid lower the pH?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 05:52 AM PST

As the title says I'm wondering if proton donation is the same regardless of other chemicals. Our specific example is with regards to carbonic acid and citrus acid (does carbonating orange juice make it more acidic) Was having the discussion and we thought of 3 outcomes and couldn't determine which was right.

1) H2CO3 when added to the orange juice would donate it's hydrogens and cause pH to be lower since we have more free hydrogen in solution.

2) pH would increase to a point between the relative acidity of carbonic acid and citric acid through the magic of chemical interactions.

3) no change in pH since the H2CO3 would be already below it's natural dissociation amount and therefore not release any of its protons into solution.

Which one of these is the case? Is there a 4th situation for what actually happens? We need to know the effects of using a sodastream with orange juice.

Thanks

submitted by /u/mymainisforlurking
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Do phytoplankton need light-dark cycles like plants?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 01:10 AM PST

I know all photosynthetic protists (old cathegory, I know) and bacteria must have a respiration process at some point, as they need to somehow survive during the night. But is their respiration regulated by day-night cycles like it happens with plants, or does it go on during the day along with photosynthesis with the same ""intensity"" as it would during the night? Could it be possible then to kill these organisms by exposing them to light 24/7?

I've tried looking it up online, but what I found is that there's wildly contradicting information about how much lack of darkness actually harms/doesn't harm plants, so now I'm even more confused lol.

submitted by /u/ModernVintage15
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Living and traveling all around the US, I've heard lots of stories about invasive species of plants, fish, insects, etc. wreaking havoc on the local enviornment. Are the examples of American flora/fauna invading other countries?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 04:56 AM PST

How do they make the Nd2Fe14B for neodymium magnets?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 03:41 AM PST

Do they just melt the Neodymium, Iron and boron all together to form an alloy? If so, since iron has a higher melting point than neodymium and boron has a higher point than iron, wouldn't the metals just vaporise? I'm not expert into these and that's why I'm asking lol.

submitted by /u/ManagerHour4250
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Do mild infections yield mild immune 'memory'?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 05:34 AM PST

TLDR: Is the probability of re-infection from a virus proportional to the severity of the initial infection?

I have heard a lot speculate that viruses evolve to be less severe, but hadn't seen any mechanism posited for that to happen. Thinking about Omicron and the number of people who have already been infected with Covid, I thought that the bigger 'advantage' could be reinfection rather than pure transmissibility (not sure the correct term).

Comparing two variants, one severe and highly transmissible but can't re-infect versus one mild, mildly transmissible (effective R slightly over 1), but CAN re-infect. Over a long evolutionary history, the second could be the one that survived.

I'm naive (to the science, not immunologically), so a pointer to introductory or moderately specific texts would be appreciated.

submitted by /u/baseball_mickey
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Do antibodies regenerate after you donate blood?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 08:44 PM PST

My Non electric metal fence post under transmission line felt like it was charged. What causes this?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 02:29 PM PST

I was putting a fence post on underneath some large transmission lines and I could feel a weird sensation like it was vibrating and it was kind of like a minor shock although more uncomfortable than painful. What causes this?

submitted by /u/panickid1
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If you're infected with covid when you get a booster, can the vaccine created spike protein bind with the real virus?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 08:22 AM PST

Will the spike my body makes be usable by the virus or is it different enough that it doesn't work?

Could that have any impact on your body's ability to fight the virus?

(Clarification: I don't think I'm infected. I'm just curious)

submitted by /u/AlbinoBeefalo
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Why are salt bridges so important in proteins? (esp the COVID omicron spike protein)? Do they induce a new "degree of freedom" in the ability of the protein to be precisely controlled by the environment?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 07:33 AM PST

When can we expect to have a clearer picture about the properties of the omicron variant (transmissibility, severity)?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 05:51 AM PST

For electromagnetic waves (light, microwaves, etc.) why does it depend on the wavelength if they can pass through a material without interacting?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 01:27 PM PST

Thinking about the grate on the front of a microwave oven, I am told that the microwaves do not pass through because the holes in the grate are smaller than the wavelength of a microwave.

However... if the grate is in the x-z plane, and the microwave is traveling on the y axis (with the electric component in the z and magnetic in the x) then why does how much of the wave passes through a point on the y-axis per cycle (wavelength) determine how it can pass through the grate?

submitted by /u/sneakyguy7500
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Do influenza and COVID-19 viruses compete against one another?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 05:32 AM PST

Basically title. I've seen numerous reports that influenza has been eclipsed by COVID-19 through the pandemic. In my country, something very odd is happening right now, as COVID cases have been low (compared to their peak earlier this year) but influenza (mostly A/H3N2) is hitting everywhere. Does having a active case of one virus makes it harder to be infected by the other?

submitted by /u/zonadedesconforto
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Aside from canine crossbreeds like the wolfdog, are male hybrids ever fertile?

Posted: 16 Dec 2021 04:57 AM PST

I know that most hybrid animals of either gender are sterile, but there are rare exceptions where one does turn out fertile. But in almost every case, such as with mules and flowerhorn cichlids, it's only the females that are able to reproduce. That begs the question: are there crossings where only the males can reproduce? I am excluding the canines because from what I understand, DNA shows them to be related closely enough that, at least in the case of the wolf and the dog, the dog is actually a subspecies, and not a species in it's own right.

Thanks!

submitted by /u/Jason_Bodine
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Why are some diseases like COVID and chicken pox milder in children?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 01:03 PM PST
vào lúc No comments:

Wednesday, December 15, 2021

From my 7 year old: Do the things in our bodies ever get tired? Like cells and antibodies? Do they have to rest?

From my 7 year old: Do the things in our bodies ever get tired? Like cells and antibodies? Do they have to rest?

From my 7 year old: Do the things in our bodies ever get tired? Like cells and antibodies? Do they have to rest?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 05:16 AM PST

If I’m vaccinated against and then exposed to a virus, but don’t contract the virus, has my immunity been enhanced by the exposure?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 06:39 AM PST

Why could infections such as smallpox and rabies by prevented with vaccination given shortly after exposure, while vaccination against Covid-19 requires between two and three weeks to offer protection?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 05:49 AM PST

In almost all cases, a person exposed to rabies can be prevented from developing the disease if rabies vaccine is administered within a few hours following exposure. The same was true when smallpox was in circulation, with a dose of smallpox vaccine able to prevent the condition from developing if delivered within ~4 days of exposure. The current range of Covid-19 vaccines, however, are unable to be used to prevent illness following exposure and take between two and three weeks to offer protection. What are the reasons behind the differing behaviour of vaccines between these different diseases?

submitted by /u/Ashamed_Pop1835
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 07:00 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away!

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Do at-home COVID-19 tests detect any form of coronavirus, or just COVID-19 specifically?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 07:12 AM PST

This question came to my mind this morning when I tested positive on an at-home test. I can't find any information online about how specifically the tests work, but I was more just curious.

Clearly I'm in full-blown denial I tested positive on the Abbott at-home test, but I'm curious about the exact science behind how these at-home tests work.

submitted by /u/Darted_Art
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How do T-cell recognize HIV DNA in them ?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 06:17 AM PST

From what I understand, a significant part of our genome is viral genome. (Around 8% at least)

On the other hand, when one has AIDS, most of the destroyed T-cells actually commit suicide, because they realize they have HIV DNA (viral DNA) in them.

So, where did I miss a step ?

Because as it is, it would mean T-cells should all self-explode.

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How was the unfurling of the James Webb golden mirror tested?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 02:28 PM PST

Considering we can't recreate the exact conditions that will exist at L2 how did the NASA scientists convince themselves that all of the 344 'single points of failure' would succeed?

If those 344 points are truly independent they need a very high confidence in each step of the process. How do you get that kind of confidence in something this complicated?

​

Over the following month it will have to execute a series of maneuvers with 344 "single points of failure" in order to unfurl its big golden mirror and deploy five thin layers of a giant plastic sunscreen that will keep the telescope and its instruments in the cold and dark. --- https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/14/science/james-webb-telescope-launch.html

submitted by /u/EagleOfMay
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What percentage of people who have COVID-19 are asymptomatic? How does this vary by variant?

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 04:52 AM PST

I recall a figure, from last year I think, saying that one third of people who had COVID19 didn't display any symptoms. Has that figure changed much, either by time or due to the new variants emerging?

submitted by /u/UpsetMarsupial
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When you’re hooked up to a hospital bed and it’s monitoring your “vitals”, which measurements are actually considered your vitals?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 07:03 PM PST

When the moon broke off from the earth, why did it separate from the earth and start orbiting around earth instead of dropping straight down because of gravity? Why does the moon still spin around earth instead of being attracted in the direction of earth and colliding with it?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 07:07 PM PST

I aim a laser beam at a mirror and reflect it back to me. Is there a point in time when the velocity of the beam of light is zero? A point (maybe only in theory) when the beam has struck the mirror but has not yet been reflected back?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 10:12 PM PST

In other words, does the velocity of the beam of light go from c, to zero, to c; or does it remain at c throughout the process of reflection?

I honestly don't know if this is a stupid question or not. If it is a stupid question, I apologize.

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What difference does it make if a medication cannot cross the blood brain barrier?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 07:03 PM PST

What do we know about the omicron variant mutations BESIDES the spike proteins?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 07:43 PM PST

I keep hearing about mutations to spike proteins with every new variant. However I have never once heard about mutations to the rest of the structure of the virus. I would think that a corona virus, and the effects that it has on us, is more than just effects of the spike proteins. So does the rest of the virus mutate at all, and where can I find information in that?

submitted by /u/afos2291
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vào lúc No comments:

Tuesday, December 14, 2021

When different breeds of cats reproduce indiscriminately, the offspring return to a “base cat” appearance. What does the “base dog” look like?

When different breeds of cats reproduce indiscriminately, the offspring return to a “base cat” appearance. What does the “base dog” look like?

When different breeds of cats reproduce indiscriminately, the offspring return to a “base cat” appearance. What does the “base dog” look like?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 07:12 AM PST

Domestic Short-haired cats are considered what a "true" cat looks like once imposed breeding has been removed. With so many breeds of dogs, is there a "true" dog form that would appear after several generations?

submitted by /u/elstevebo
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Can a drink actually be “more hydrating” than just water, or is that just made up to sell sports drinks?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 06:35 AM PST

Basically title. How can something hydrate you more by adding electrolytes or salt? Surely the amount of water you're putting into your body is the only measurement of how hydrated you can be? I'm torn between "I don't know enough about electrolytes to question it" and generally assuming all marketing/advertisement is lies.

submitted by /u/SimplePigeon
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If HFCS is fructose and glucose, and raw honey is also mostly fructose and glucose, what makes HFCS *that* bad?

Posted: 13 Dec 2021 04:47 PM PST

Honey is often hailed as having medicinal benefits (or at least being not as bad as table sugar), whereas HFCS is in multiple nutritional black lists (figuratively) and is feared by many for its harmful effects being much worse than straight up table sugar.

Often the explanation is that HFCS has higher fructose which is the bad thing about it, when honey usually have similar if not even higher fructose content compared to glucose. So what gives?

I know that honey has enzymes, minerals and vitamins making it somewhat beneficial, but this doesn't change how the body absorbs and metabolizes fructose whether in HFCS or honey. So what's the deal here?

Is honey just as bad as HFCS or is HFCS not as bad as it is made out to be? Or am I missing something?

submitted by /u/LorryWaraLorry
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If Omicron can infect people who have had Delta, can Delta then carry on infecting people who have had Omicron, and both strains co-exist?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 02:49 AM PST

Can you train/exercise your ears to hear better?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 06:19 PM PST

A while ago I heard someone I work with, who is a fairly smart person, talking to another coworker. He said, "I watch TV with the volume on low to train my ears so I can hear better."

Would this work?

submitted by /u/UseDaSchwartz
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Can sperm really live for 5 days in the uterus at ANY time during a woman's cycle?

Posted: 13 Dec 2021 09:16 AM PST

I have read a lot of posts from women (both trying to conceive and afraid of conception) asking whether or not it's possible to get pregnant at various times of their cycles.

E.g., "I had sex on Day 4 while still bleeding. Can I get pregnant?"

The answer I always see is that "yes you can because sperm can survive for upwards of 5 days in the female reproductive system."

However, I had thought that 5 days was only under optimal conditions (namely fertile window leading into ovulation). Is it true that sperm can easily survive for 5 days during menstruation?

Is there a good study on this? I haven't had luck finding it.

submitted by /u/jiffyloobnoob
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Could a black hole get 'clogged' or 'bottlenecked' by something sufficiently massive collapsing 'all at once'?

Posted: 13 Dec 2021 01:03 AM PST

Is it possible for people to host two coronavirus variants (or more) simultaneously? That is, can the different variants coexist setting up shop in separate cells in the body, or is the mechanism such that only one variant can emerge and become the cause of infection illness?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 07:41 AM PST

Why can’t electric vehicles use total regen braking?

Posted: 13 Dec 2021 05:02 PM PST

Here is my example. A Tesla has two regen settings and you can do one pedal driving to a point. My question relates to the need for physical disc brakes and whether they're really needed. What is it that prevents using the motor as the brake? Is it legalities at this point? Does this generate too much electricity too fast for the battery to ingest? Is it the wiring?

I've heard that an electric drive motor could easily lock up the tires of a car at high speed so I don't think it is the motor.

submitted by /u/firedog7881
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What’s the fastest physical object? Something that has mass. From any reference point. Are there things traveling close to light speed opposite from something else close to light speed away?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 08:07 AM PST

Is there a direct relationship between fat (adipose tissue) and fat (the food type)?

Posted: 13 Dec 2021 04:36 PM PST

I understand that the body will produce adipose tissue when in a caloric surplus, and fat is quite caloric. But is there a more direct relationship between eating fats (butter, olive oil, avocados, etc) and producing adipose tissue?

submitted by /u/chimasnaredenca
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why isn't the volume of molecules negligible in a real gas?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 07:52 AM PST

i get that in an ideal gas the molecules have a very small volume in comparison with the actual space the gas moves in, so why not apply that same logic to a real gas?

submitted by /u/googogoj
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If a laser is fire parallel to the ground and at the high enough elevation where it won't run into anything, will it eventually leave the earth or will it curve around the planet?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 10:25 AM PST

In a ring galaxy would the center mass black hole be in the center of the ring?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 08:03 AM PST

Asking so I can give a somewhat coherent answer to my my Astronomy buff grandson, 12.

submitted by /u/Dbgb4
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Are there completely harmless viruses?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 08:07 AM PST

Every virus we ever hear of - SARS, influenza, herpes, etc - causes some kind of health issue.

Are there also viruses that spread and live in human bodies that have zero negative health effects?

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Why are large telescopes, such as NASA's James Webb, considered so fragile and extra precautions are taken before flight, but can survive the forces of acceleration and vibration from a shuttle launch?

Posted: 13 Dec 2021 09:43 PM PST

I've seen news outlets report on the "drop" that happened with the telescope, and how it delayed it a little bit. It seems like everyone is so worried about the fragility of the components within these telescopes and their parts, but how are they able to survive the sustained vibrations and forces of a rocket launch if people have to be so careful with it even prior to the launch?

submitted by /u/Ph0nies
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What causes sun spots to appear?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 03:04 PM PST

Is it possible to predict if there may have been life on a planet based on its parent stars life cycle?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 04:58 AM PST

In our solar system 5 billion years from now our sun will become a red giant scorching our planet and making any evidence that life that had existed a distant memory. Knowing that stars generally dictate the life cycle of their solar system, could we look at a star that's dying and predict with certainty that life may have existed on a distant exo planet within that solar system?

submitted by /u/Leonatius
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Is the geography under the Antarctic ice pockmarked in a grid pattern, and if so why?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 05:10 AM PST

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/AntarcticaRockSurface.jpg

Found the above while looking on Wikipedia for information about the news on the Thwaites Glacier. Was trying to figure out an approximate timeline for sea level rise if the dramatic words in today's science news (about the Thwaites Glacier iceshelf melting) become reality but that's apparently too much to ask (I should have known). Not sure if Earth science or Planetary science but I'm guessing that it has less to do with plate tectonics than ice/weathering/imaging artifacts.

Original paper that led to the articles I saw: https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/978762 - shelf collapse in 5 yrs possible, with slight acceleration of sea level rise after?

submitted by /u/Traveledfarwestward
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What factors decrease the efficiency of palladium as a catalyst for hydrogenation? Are there ways of regenerating it's catalytic properties?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 05:38 AM PST

What is the fastest speed a small rock could be accelerated to naturally in a solar system?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 03:46 AM PST

Lets assume you had complete control over a solar system, and through any combination of collisions, gravity assists, etc. you wanted to accelerate a rock the size of a baseball - how fast could you get it going?

I'm thinking of experiments like this one where impacts can potentially speed up an object much more than expected, though I don't expect a rock would survive this particular scenario. Is it possible a moon colliding or other violent/unlikely event could somehow end up ejecting a pebble near the speed of light?

submitted by /u/R-U-D
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How much was the per-head CO2-footprint in different countries during their first (or hardest) lockdown in comparison to 1 year before during exactly that period? (+ bonus questions!) --> Hope to find some environmentalist help here <--

Posted: 13 Dec 2021 11:54 PM PST

​

_________

I hope there are some sort of standard factors for at least some of the partial questions. Hopefully also any that are worldwide acknowledged and are comparable.

In order of my personal interest, thankfulness for answers and (imo) gradation...

1. data on carbon-footprint: How much CO2 did each person of the country of your choice use in the specific time of the lockdown and exactly one year before? Which sectors of public/common goods and individual expenses have changed how much in that time?

bonus level 2. data on industrial sectors: Which industry in your country changed productivity (and therefore most often carbon footprint) to what amount? (Which segment has changed with delivery services to which amount?)

total bonus level 3. How much have people changed psychologically? What are significant factors (besides forms of violence) to describe the mood in a society? Which were outer factors (so there could be a relation also i.e. to how rich / poor a person or family changed in society)

Pls also hit me up with interesting thoughts of yours regarding the idea.

Have a great day and thanks for any involvement in advance :)

____________

Just a thought on how people could perceive what a reduced (in my final question: complete transition to degrowth or circular) economy in society could imply for their everyday life: I'd like to create a comparison between life standards in lockdown and 2019 (business-as-usual scenario, referring here to pre-corona). I think it could create an interesting chart, in order to make socio-economic sufficiency more relatable to how that feels as a society (and imo also to some extent between individual life standards and a vast economical shutdown, never seen before); I think mostly about transportation, production of closed businesses during lockdown or the whole culture/event-based segment and consumption as felt by everyone around the globe. Therefore, it would also be necessary, that industry-comparison during lockdown would have to be taken into consideration. Then, people could probably better understand, which reduction of the carbon footprint means which degree of sufficiency in the world.

​

OT: I hope you find my question(s) also very interesting, once you started thinking about it and I wanna know really bad now (also since this is my first post)!)

Wanna know (at least some comparable...? numbers (at best make a comparable chart for it), so people could compare their and the industry's footprint usually and during the probably lowest of all production rates possible in the quiet lockdown world economy.)

Disclaimer: sorry for being inaccurate (/ambiguous) with the scientific terminology/description here since I am a regular John from culture industry

submitted by /u/WearyTravel3r
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Is citric acid toxic to spiders?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 04:12 AM PST

If carbon and nitrogen are more electronegative than hydrogen (C = 2.55 and N = 3.04 while H = 2.2), why are methane and ammonia hydrides?

Posted: 12 Dec 2021 09:22 PM PST

Why sticky substance such as rubber lose it's stickiness when being dried?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 07:23 AM PST
vào lúc No comments:

Saturday, December 11, 2021

Is the left/right, creative/logical divide of the brain an outdated simplification, or a useful model?

Is the left/right, creative/logical divide of the brain an outdated simplification, or a useful model?

Is the left/right, creative/logical divide of the brain an outdated simplification, or a useful model?

Posted: 10 Dec 2021 11:41 AM PST

I don't know where I've got this thought process from, but I think I learnt that the brain maps the 'yin and yang' of creative logical in a much messier way than simply left right? What is the current understanding of the brains functioning areas please?

submitted by /u/Aiken_Drumn
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vào lúc No comments:

Could an atomic bomb be destroyed with some type of non atomic bomb, such as dynamite, and not detonate the atomic bomb in the process?

Could an atomic bomb be destroyed with some type of non atomic bomb, such as dynamite, and not detonate the atomic bomb in the process?

Could an atomic bomb be destroyed with some type of non atomic bomb, such as dynamite, and not detonate the atomic bomb in the process?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 12:17 PM PST

Do long-distance fibre optic cables ever make mistakes with the data they transmit?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 10:49 AM PST

For example, could I send an email and the recipient views it with a misplaced letter because the fibre optic cable was damaged or just because something weird happened in transmission?

submitted by /u/elonmusk12345_
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Why is Dexamethasone used for severe covid patients if it has immunosuppressant effects?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 02:44 PM PST

While I can see why you would want to take these steroids if you were experiencing cytokine storm, but most people who have covid, even if they need supplemental oxygen, aren't having cytokine storm. Is taking immunosuppressants while trying to fight off and infection counter-intuitive?

Furthermore, dexamethasone inhibits gene expression of all three nitric oxide synthases. Isn't this also counter-intuitive? Not only does nitric oxide dilates the blood vessels, but it also works as an anti-inflammatory. Why would we want to purposefully lower nitric oxide levels if we are trying to recover from Covid?

submitted by /u/Still-Ad8306
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How come the immune system doesn’t attack the adenovirus and render a second dose of the J&J vaccine useless?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 12:15 PM PST

I just got my J&J booster today, and I got to thinking…

The J&J vaccine uses a modified adenovirus to ultimately get into your cells and cause them to produce the covid spike protein (instead of more adenoviruses) so that you can develop antibodies to it. Makes sense.

But wouldn't you also develop an immune response to the adenovirus itself?

So if you get a second shot, how come your body doesn't end up destroying the adenovirus before they have a chance to get into your cells?

Is it a case where it does, but not 100%, so it's still able to work?

I guess another way of phrasing the question would be: how come they don't need to change the vector each time?

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With increasing evidence that plexiglass barriers did not prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission and may actually be impede required room ventilation, why are they still so ubiquitous?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 01:08 PM PST
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