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Tuesday, December 14, 2021

When different breeds of cats reproduce indiscriminately, the offspring return to a “base cat” appearance. What does the “base dog” look like?

When different breeds of cats reproduce indiscriminately, the offspring return to a “base cat” appearance. What does the “base dog” look like?


When different breeds of cats reproduce indiscriminately, the offspring return to a “base cat” appearance. What does the “base dog” look like?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 07:12 AM PST

Domestic Short-haired cats are considered what a "true" cat looks like once imposed breeding has been removed. With so many breeds of dogs, is there a "true" dog form that would appear after several generations?

submitted by /u/elstevebo
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Can a drink actually be “more hydrating” than just water, or is that just made up to sell sports drinks?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 06:35 AM PST

Basically title. How can something hydrate you more by adding electrolytes or salt? Surely the amount of water you're putting into your body is the only measurement of how hydrated you can be? I'm torn between "I don't know enough about electrolytes to question it" and generally assuming all marketing/advertisement is lies.

submitted by /u/SimplePigeon
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If HFCS is fructose and glucose, and raw honey is also mostly fructose and glucose, what makes HFCS *that* bad?

Posted: 13 Dec 2021 04:47 PM PST

Honey is often hailed as having medicinal benefits (or at least being not as bad as table sugar), whereas HFCS is in multiple nutritional black lists (figuratively) and is feared by many for its harmful effects being much worse than straight up table sugar.

Often the explanation is that HFCS has higher fructose which is the bad thing about it, when honey usually have similar if not even higher fructose content compared to glucose. So what gives?

I know that honey has enzymes, minerals and vitamins making it somewhat beneficial, but this doesn't change how the body absorbs and metabolizes fructose whether in HFCS or honey. So what's the deal here?

Is honey just as bad as HFCS or is HFCS not as bad as it is made out to be? Or am I missing something?

submitted by /u/LorryWaraLorry
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If Omicron can infect people who have had Delta, can Delta then carry on infecting people who have had Omicron, and both strains co-exist?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 02:49 AM PST

Can you train/exercise your ears to hear better?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 06:19 PM PST

A while ago I heard someone I work with, who is a fairly smart person, talking to another coworker. He said, "I watch TV with the volume on low to train my ears so I can hear better."

Would this work?

submitted by /u/UseDaSchwartz
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Can sperm really live for 5 days in the uterus at ANY time during a woman's cycle?

Posted: 13 Dec 2021 09:16 AM PST

I have read a lot of posts from women (both trying to conceive and afraid of conception) asking whether or not it's possible to get pregnant at various times of their cycles.

E.g., "I had sex on Day 4 while still bleeding. Can I get pregnant?"

The answer I always see is that "yes you can because sperm can survive for upwards of 5 days in the female reproductive system."

However, I had thought that 5 days was only under optimal conditions (namely fertile window leading into ovulation). Is it true that sperm can easily survive for 5 days during menstruation?

Is there a good study on this? I haven't had luck finding it.

submitted by /u/jiffyloobnoob
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Could a black hole get 'clogged' or 'bottlenecked' by something sufficiently massive collapsing 'all at once'?

Posted: 13 Dec 2021 01:03 AM PST

Is it possible for people to host two coronavirus variants (or more) simultaneously? That is, can the different variants coexist setting up shop in separate cells in the body, or is the mechanism such that only one variant can emerge and become the cause of infection illness?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 07:41 AM PST

Why can’t electric vehicles use total regen braking?

Posted: 13 Dec 2021 05:02 PM PST

Here is my example. A Tesla has two regen settings and you can do one pedal driving to a point. My question relates to the need for physical disc brakes and whether they're really needed. What is it that prevents using the motor as the brake? Is it legalities at this point? Does this generate too much electricity too fast for the battery to ingest? Is it the wiring?

I've heard that an electric drive motor could easily lock up the tires of a car at high speed so I don't think it is the motor.

submitted by /u/firedog7881
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What’s the fastest physical object? Something that has mass. From any reference point. Are there things traveling close to light speed opposite from something else close to light speed away?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 08:07 AM PST

Is there a direct relationship between fat (adipose tissue) and fat (the food type)?

Posted: 13 Dec 2021 04:36 PM PST

I understand that the body will produce adipose tissue when in a caloric surplus, and fat is quite caloric. But is there a more direct relationship between eating fats (butter, olive oil, avocados, etc) and producing adipose tissue?

submitted by /u/chimasnaredenca
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why isn't the volume of molecules negligible in a real gas?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 07:52 AM PST

i get that in an ideal gas the molecules have a very small volume in comparison with the actual space the gas moves in, so why not apply that same logic to a real gas?

submitted by /u/googogoj
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If a laser is fire parallel to the ground and at the high enough elevation where it won't run into anything, will it eventually leave the earth or will it curve around the planet?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 10:25 AM PST

In a ring galaxy would the center mass black hole be in the center of the ring?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 08:03 AM PST

Asking so I can give a somewhat coherent answer to my my Astronomy buff grandson, 12.

submitted by /u/Dbgb4
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Are there completely harmless viruses?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 08:07 AM PST

Every virus we ever hear of - SARS, influenza, herpes, etc - causes some kind of health issue.

Are there also viruses that spread and live in human bodies that have zero negative health effects?

submitted by /u/intensely_human
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Why are large telescopes, such as NASA's James Webb, considered so fragile and extra precautions are taken before flight, but can survive the forces of acceleration and vibration from a shuttle launch?

Posted: 13 Dec 2021 09:43 PM PST

I've seen news outlets report on the "drop" that happened with the telescope, and how it delayed it a little bit. It seems like everyone is so worried about the fragility of the components within these telescopes and their parts, but how are they able to survive the sustained vibrations and forces of a rocket launch if people have to be so careful with it even prior to the launch?

submitted by /u/Ph0nies
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What causes sun spots to appear?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 03:04 PM PST

Is it possible to predict if there may have been life on a planet based on its parent stars life cycle?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 04:58 AM PST

In our solar system 5 billion years from now our sun will become a red giant scorching our planet and making any evidence that life that had existed a distant memory. Knowing that stars generally dictate the life cycle of their solar system, could we look at a star that's dying and predict with certainty that life may have existed on a distant exo planet within that solar system?

submitted by /u/Leonatius
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Is the geography under the Antarctic ice pockmarked in a grid pattern, and if so why?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 05:10 AM PST

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/AntarcticaRockSurface.jpg

Found the above while looking on Wikipedia for information about the news on the Thwaites Glacier. Was trying to figure out an approximate timeline for sea level rise if the dramatic words in today's science news (about the Thwaites Glacier iceshelf melting) become reality but that's apparently too much to ask (I should have known). Not sure if Earth science or Planetary science but I'm guessing that it has less to do with plate tectonics than ice/weathering/imaging artifacts.

Original paper that led to the articles I saw: https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/978762 - shelf collapse in 5 yrs possible, with slight acceleration of sea level rise after?

submitted by /u/Traveledfarwestward
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What factors decrease the efficiency of palladium as a catalyst for hydrogenation? Are there ways of regenerating it's catalytic properties?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 05:38 AM PST

What is the fastest speed a small rock could be accelerated to naturally in a solar system?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 03:46 AM PST

Lets assume you had complete control over a solar system, and through any combination of collisions, gravity assists, etc. you wanted to accelerate a rock the size of a baseball - how fast could you get it going?

I'm thinking of experiments like this one where impacts can potentially speed up an object much more than expected, though I don't expect a rock would survive this particular scenario. Is it possible a moon colliding or other violent/unlikely event could somehow end up ejecting a pebble near the speed of light?

submitted by /u/R-U-D
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How much was the per-head CO2-footprint in different countries during their first (or hardest) lockdown in comparison to 1 year before during exactly that period? (+ bonus questions!) --> Hope to find some environmentalist help here <--

Posted: 13 Dec 2021 11:54 PM PST

_________

I hope there are some sort of standard factors for at least some of the partial questions. Hopefully also any that are worldwide acknowledged and are comparable.

In order of my personal interest, thankfulness for answers and (imo) gradation...

1. data on carbon-footprint: How much CO2 did each person of the country of your choice use in the specific time of the lockdown and exactly one year before? Which sectors of public/common goods and individual expenses have changed how much in that time?

bonus level 2. data on industrial sectors: Which industry in your country changed productivity (and therefore most often carbon footprint) to what amount? (Which segment has changed with delivery services to which amount?)

total bonus level 3. How much have people changed psychologically? What are significant factors (besides forms of violence) to describe the mood in a society? Which were outer factors (so there could be a relation also i.e. to how rich / poor a person or family changed in society)

Pls also hit me up with interesting thoughts of yours regarding the idea.

Have a great day and thanks for any involvement in advance :)

____________

Just a thought on how people could perceive what a reduced (in my final question: complete transition to degrowth or circular) economy in society could imply for their everyday life: I'd like to create a comparison between life standards in lockdown and 2019 (business-as-usual scenario, referring here to pre-corona). I think it could create an interesting chart, in order to make socio-economic sufficiency more relatable to how that feels as a society (and imo also to some extent between individual life standards and a vast economical shutdown, never seen before); I think mostly about transportation, production of closed businesses during lockdown or the whole culture/event-based segment and consumption as felt by everyone around the globe. Therefore, it would also be necessary, that industry-comparison during lockdown would have to be taken into consideration. Then, people could probably better understand, which reduction of the carbon footprint means which degree of sufficiency in the world.

OT: I hope you find my question(s) also very interesting, once you started thinking about it and I wanna know really bad now (also since this is my first post)!)

Wanna know (at least some comparable...? numbers (at best make a comparable chart for it), so people could compare their and the industry's footprint usually and during the probably lowest of all production rates possible in the quiet lockdown world economy.)

Disclaimer: sorry for being inaccurate (/ambiguous) with the scientific terminology/description here since I am a regular John from culture industry

submitted by /u/WearyTravel3r
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Is citric acid toxic to spiders?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 04:12 AM PST

If carbon and nitrogen are more electronegative than hydrogen (C = 2.55 and N = 3.04 while H = 2.2), why are methane and ammonia hydrides?

Posted: 12 Dec 2021 09:22 PM PST

Why sticky substance such as rubber lose it's stickiness when being dried?

Posted: 14 Dec 2021 07:23 AM PST

Saturday, December 11, 2021

Is the left/right, creative/logical divide of the brain an outdated simplification, or a useful model?

Is the left/right, creative/logical divide of the brain an outdated simplification, or a useful model?


Is the left/right, creative/logical divide of the brain an outdated simplification, or a useful model?

Posted: 10 Dec 2021 11:41 AM PST

I don't know where I've got this thought process from, but I think I learnt that the brain maps the 'yin and yang' of creative logical in a much messier way than simply left right? What is the current understanding of the brains functioning areas please?

submitted by /u/Aiken_Drumn
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Could an atomic bomb be destroyed with some type of non atomic bomb, such as dynamite, and not detonate the atomic bomb in the process?

Could an atomic bomb be destroyed with some type of non atomic bomb, such as dynamite, and not detonate the atomic bomb in the process?


Could an atomic bomb be destroyed with some type of non atomic bomb, such as dynamite, and not detonate the atomic bomb in the process?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 12:17 PM PST

Do long-distance fibre optic cables ever make mistakes with the data they transmit?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 10:49 AM PST

For example, could I send an email and the recipient views it with a misplaced letter because the fibre optic cable was damaged or just because something weird happened in transmission?

submitted by /u/elonmusk12345_
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Why is Dexamethasone used for severe covid patients if it has immunosuppressant effects?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 02:44 PM PST

While I can see why you would want to take these steroids if you were experiencing cytokine storm, but most people who have covid, even if they need supplemental oxygen, aren't having cytokine storm. Is taking immunosuppressants while trying to fight off and infection counter-intuitive?

Furthermore, dexamethasone inhibits gene expression of all three nitric oxide synthases. Isn't this also counter-intuitive? Not only does nitric oxide dilates the blood vessels, but it also works as an anti-inflammatory. Why would we want to purposefully lower nitric oxide levels if we are trying to recover from Covid?

submitted by /u/Still-Ad8306
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How come the immune system doesn’t attack the adenovirus and render a second dose of the J&J vaccine useless?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 12:15 PM PST

I just got my J&J booster today, and I got to thinking…

The J&J vaccine uses a modified adenovirus to ultimately get into your cells and cause them to produce the covid spike protein (instead of more adenoviruses) so that you can develop antibodies to it. Makes sense.

But wouldn't you also develop an immune response to the adenovirus itself?

So if you get a second shot, how come your body doesn't end up destroying the adenovirus before they have a chance to get into your cells?

Is it a case where it does, but not 100%, so it's still able to work?

I guess another way of phrasing the question would be: how come they don't need to change the vector each time?

submitted by /u/not_a_bot_2
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With increasing evidence that plexiglass barriers did not prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission and may actually be impede required room ventilation, why are they still so ubiquitous?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 01:08 PM PST

Could I, as a speaker of early 21st century Modern English, be capable of communicating with a speaker of 14-15th century Middle English?

Could I, as a speaker of early 21st century Modern English, be capable of communicating with a speaker of 14-15th century Middle English?


Could I, as a speaker of early 21st century Modern English, be capable of communicating with a speaker of 14-15th century Middle English?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 04:03 AM PST

Do planets scale to the size of their parent star? Or do rocky planets have a limit and gas giants as well?

Posted: 10 Dec 2021 11:49 AM PST

If you are in a vegetative state are you able to hear or able to understand given some parts of brain works?

Posted: 10 Dec 2021 12:50 PM PST

Does synesthesia give someone extra information that is useful for understanding phenomena, and if so, how?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 05:20 AM PST

For example, Richard Feynmann has color synesthesia for numbers. Did seeing numbers as colors help him in any way to solve equations? How would that work?

submitted by /u/QiPowerIsTheBest
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How can you estimate the temperature of an arc discharge in air generated through high-frequency AC?

Posted: 10 Dec 2021 06:16 AM PST

Hi everyone. I'm wondering if it is possible or if there are methods to estimate the temperature of a plasma generated from an high-frequency arc discharge in air, like arcs generated from an arc lighter.

Would it be dependant on the frequency, the distance between the electrodes or other things? The closest thing I found is related to the concept of electron temperature, but I haven't found any clear way to compute it.

Thanks for your help and have a nice day!

Edit: it would be in order to build an arc furnace capable of reaching temperatures up to 2100°C, to melt corundum

submitted by /u/PieWare
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If I put two things in the microwave instead of one, are they both going to be heated slower?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 03:14 AM PST

The scenario is the following: I have a microwave that operates at 1000 W and I have two cups of water.

I noticed that for the same amount of time spent in the microwave, a single cup of water will get warmer if it's in there alone. If I put both cups in there, I also habe to spend more time.

So is the power being "shared" by the cups, and if so, do they share this power based on volume / mass / position?

Do both cups of water receive 500 W each?

submitted by /u/Speterius
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Are natural diamonds really pretty common on earth?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 02:15 AM PST

I have often read (also in this subreddit) that non-artifical diamonds are not rare on earth, and that the scarcity is only a result of the DeBeers Monopoly on the diamond market. Is this true? How common are diamonds in rock layers, where they are lucrative for extraction (and useful for jewelry production)?

submitted by /u/hash0
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How did the salmon's life cycle evolve?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 02:44 AM PST

How did these fish evolve to travel such incredible distances and endure such hardships for a complicated system of reproduction evolve, and why did it evolve this way? What is the advantage of such a system?

submitted by /u/OatmealTears
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At what rate are introversion and extroversion inherited in humans and do these traits affect birthrates?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 04:43 AM PST

The consensus seems to be that extroversion and introversion are at least in part inherited (similar question here), however I couldn't find information on whether or not these are recessive or dominant genes, or which chromosomes are responsible for the trait. Going from there, I also wondered if introversion and extroversion have any relevant impact on birthrates. If one of them had a lower chance to be passed on, then I would assume that the trait will eventually be lost.

submitted by /u/Sotherewehavethat
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How is eccentric contraction the strongest, and concentric the weakest type of skeletal muscle contraction?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 12:29 AM PST

I've seen this claim a lot, but I just can't understand it.

If I'm lifting a heavy object, then the force produced by the muscles must be greater than the weight of the object (concentric). If I'm holding it stationary (isometric) then the forces must be equal. If I'm lowering it slowly then the weight must be greater than the force produced by the muscle (eccentric).

This means that the concentric contraction should be the strongest, and eccentric should be the weakest, but I keep hearing it the other way around.

submitted by /u/Kemo-III
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I've read that the reason why CO2 is not entirely eliminated from the animal's body (for homeostasis) is to preserve critical internal variables in a condition of relative consistency. Can someone enlighten me?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 02:58 AM PST

Why iron has BCC structure at low temperature? Is it due to low Gibbs free energy by any magnetic property influence?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 05:11 AM PST

Is there any influence of magnetic property on Gibbs free energy equation? Can the magnetic domain alignment be taken into consideration for entropy? Higher the disorder of alignment, FCC (paramagnetic) is not stable at room temperature, is the reason behind this is the magnetic influence ?

submitted by /u/crazypersononboard
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Why do speakers give a low boom when getting switched off?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 12:07 AM PST

What do we know about the incubation period omicron variant?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 02:55 AM PST

I've seen that the cases from Hongkong had repeatedly negative results and a positive result with a very high viral load very shortly afterward. How soon after exposure should one then get tested to avoid false negative?

submitted by /u/paulinia47
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Does clove oil fumes harm longevity of oil paintings?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 02:53 AM PST

I encountered some artist group claiming that eugenol and other chemicals from clove oil will evaporate and seep into oil paint. Some oil paints are quite expensive and a lot of people use it to slow the drying. I keep my palette and cotton balls with clove oil in it within an airtight container, without adding any clove oil in the oil paint directly. Will this damage the film formation process for oil paintings later? These artist claimed that Smithsonian conservationists stated that clove oil is bad for repairing paint films later. This might be a physics and chemistry mixed question

submitted by /u/HughStudioArts
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Why total solar eclipses occur with more frequency in some countries/regions than in others?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 02:26 AM PST

Hi!

Out of curiosity I was checking out the list of total solar eclipses for this century and I noticed something: During this century a country like Argentina (South America) will have a total of 7 total solar eclipses while a country like El Salvador (Central America) won't have a single one

In fact while Argentina will have as many as 7 during a period of 100 years El Salvador had a total solar eclipse in 1991 and will have onother one until 2132 after more than 100 years

And I noticed that it seems that total solar eclipses are more common in some regions than others, for Example Australia or South America or even Antarctica will have more than 4 while regions like Central America won't have any.

Why?

Does earth's position has something to do? Or is it just a coincidence?

submitted by /u/Transbeauty88
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Is the original strain of covid-19 still being detected, or has it been subsumed by later variants?

Posted: 09 Dec 2021 06:25 AM PST

What are some species that hunt Enypniastes?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 01:30 AM PST

So, I recently started watching the new Welcome To Earth documentary series and it features the sea cucumber species Enypniastes eximia. Does anyone know what preys on enypniastes in the deep ocean?

submitted by /u/nickpop345
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Is the left/right, creative/logical divide of the brain an outdated simplification, or a useful model?

Posted: 10 Dec 2021 11:41 AM PST

I don't know where I've got this thought process from, but I think I learnt that the brain maps the 'yin and yang' of creative logical in a much messier way than simply left right? What is the current understanding of the brains functioning areas please?

submitted by /u/Aiken_Drumn
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What is the relationship between the size of an animal's brain and how smart it is?

Posted: 10 Dec 2021 08:23 PM PST

I saw a video of a spider and it looked smarter than just instincts so i was wondering how big their brains were and how much information is there and how much they can process. Also, what about animals which are larger than humans? how big are their brains and what are they capable of? Why did humans brains develop towards where we are now? Is there a ranking of animals which are the smartest (at least from what we know so far)? or at least which animals are really good at communication?

submitted by /u/ConorFinn
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How does novacaine and lidocaine actually block the pain response from the body? Bonus question: Since our physical nervous system does not spread over every inch of our body, how do we feel pain across our skin?

Posted: 10 Dec 2021 10:32 PM PST

Is a positive mindset beneficial for recovery from sickness?

Posted: 10 Dec 2021 01:38 PM PST

My sister is a nurse and told me that if you're mentally depressed because of your illness (Covid, Cancer, Flu etc.) that you're actually slowing down your bodies recovery and its ability to defend itself.

Is her statement rooted in science? Because I know that if you're depressed your cognitive performance can decrease. So do parallels exist there?

submitted by /u/PyPaiX
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Does a heightened sense of smell in dogs mean they smell *more things*, or that all things have a *more intense* smell?

Posted: 10 Dec 2021 01:16 PM PST

And if it's the latter, are they absolutely freaked out by certain smells?

submitted by /u/senordingleberry
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Why do we see stars instantly in a mirror?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 05:47 AM PST

I was recently studying some very basic optics about plane mirrors. The most fundamental rule of image formation in a plane mirror is that the image distance from the mirror is equal to the object's distance from the mirror. Does that not mean that light has to travel that much distance inside the mirror? If the stars we see in the sky, are light years away from us, then light should take years to reach that distance inside the mirror. So how does the image appear instantly in the mirror?

submitted by /u/nkg47
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What is the longest vertical limit that capillary action can travel?

Posted: 10 Dec 2021 10:50 AM PST

Could something that transfers water through capillary action[a rope, cloth, or whatever else is better at this] theoretically be attached to a balloon a mile high and still raise water from whatever body of water the lower end is submerged in?

submitted by /u/theguybutnotthatguy
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Thursday, December 9, 2021

What would happen if protons, neutrons, and electrons kept accumulating in a single atom?

What would happen if protons, neutrons, and electrons kept accumulating in a single atom?


What would happen if protons, neutrons, and electrons kept accumulating in a single atom?

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 04:51 PM PST

I read that the heaviest elements are produced artificially. What would happen if there was some environment, maybe inside or a star or some weird set of circumstances in space that caused particles that make an atom to keep accumulating "infinitely" or as long as possible. What would the resultant element be? Is there a prediction of the properties or such an element?

submitted by /u/tgtpg4fun
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What would the moon look like if you got rid of all the dust?

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 08:35 PM PST

Do sharks hurt their own stomach with their teeth during gastric eversion?

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 03:07 PM PST

I just found out about gastric eversion and the few pictures I could find the stomach clearly is in contact with their teeth, specially the sharks that have that first external roll poking out. Do they get hurt? Could that kill them?

submitted by /u/Useless_info_expert
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Pressure and boiling point?

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 12:17 PM PST

Hello peeps, I have a very basic yet bugging question about water boiling at different temperatures depending on different pressures.

We know that in a vacuum chamber water starts boiling before it reaches 100 degrees Celsius. The same phenomenon happens if we boil water at sea level versus doing if on a high mountain.

That is, the lower the pressure before it starts boiling.

Again, I beg your pardon for this question as I intuitively understand it is extremely basic and possibly silly, but why we use pressure cookers then? Their function is to raise the pressure, thus making the water boiling faster.

What am I understanding wrong? If their function was to raise the boiling point so as to cook the food at higher temperatures, that would be consistent with all the rest. However how come pressure cookers start boiling faster?

Thanks or any help!

submitted by /u/logosfabula
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Relative to the moons in other planetary systems, is our moon really unusually big relative to Earth, and Jupiter/Saturn/etc's moons are normal relative to them, OR, (maybe?) is our moon relatively more normal-proportioned to us, and, say, Jupiter's moons are unusually small for it?

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 06:30 PM PST

So, if you look at how huge the gas-giant planets are compared to Earth (especially Jupiter and Saturn), and then look at the size of their biggest moons relative to themselves, vs the size of the Moon relative to the Earth, it would seem that the Earth's moon is an unusually large moon, relative to a planet of our size.

So, I always just assumed that it was like, Jupiter, Saturn, etc have normal sized moons relative to themselves, and we (Earth) are the weird one, with an unusually large moon, proportionally speaking.

But, I was thinking about it, and how small of a sample size of planets we have at hand here in our solar system, and, maybe even more importantly, how small of a sample size of planetary systems we have up close and personal that we are inside of (just 1, that is... our own), so, that got me wondering:

Do we know anything about the relative sizes of the moons of the planets of other planetary systems?

Like, could it be that maybe it's the other way around, and it's not us that has the weirdly big moon, and instead, it's that planets as big as Jupiter and Saturn are "supposed" to have much larger moons than the ones they have in our Solar System right now?

Or, maybe somewhere in between, like, Earth's still is a little unusually large, but not by as much as one might assume, and, Jupiter/Saturn's moons are a little on the small size, but not to too severe of a degree, or something like that?

Occam's razor figures it to be more likely that we really do just have a weirdly big moon here, orbiting Earth, given even just the medium-low ish sample size of Jupiter/Saturn/Uranus/Neptune's largest moons vs our moon, to take at hand as what we (up until pretty recently, anyway) had to work with, from a statistical standpoint and just guessing based on that, in and of itself.

So, I figure most likely the answer (if there is an answer available as of yet - not sure how good our data is on extra-solar moons so far) is going to be "nope, ours is indeed strangely large"

But, I figured given the small-ish sample size and dynamics at hand here within our Solar System, there's still enough of a chance that maybe that's not the case, that I should still ask about it, just in case it isn't.

So yea, how much (if anything) do we know about the moons of the planets of other planetary systems, especially in regards to their relative sizes relative to said planets? I know we can see the wobble-effect the planets have on other stars near us, to guess at the size of the planets orbiting said planet. But, have we been able to notice anything (at all) in regards to moons? (I figure it's a longshot, but I might as well ask).

Also, getting away from the empirical side of things, too: what about on the theoretical side of things? Is there anything "theory-wise" (about how our Solar System formed, or how we think the early phases of planetary systems function) that might lead our hunches one way or the other in regards to this question, even if we didn't have any hard data on the moons of other planetary systems?

submitted by /u/stemmisc
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What is the difference between compressive strength and bulk modulus?

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 11:29 AM PST

According to Wikipedia, bulk modulus is

a measure of how resistant to compression that substance is.

According to Wikipedia, compressive strength is

the capacity of a material or structure to withstand loads tending to reduce size (as opposed to tensile strength which withstands loads tending to elongate). In other words, compressive strength resists compression (being pushed together), whereas tensile strength resists tension (being pulled apart).

What's the difference? It seems like both are the same thing - a measure of how resistant to being compressed something is - and yet, substances like aluminum oxide (Al2O3) have drastically different values for bulk modulus and compressive strength.

Why?

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Do gas giants have a clear "edge"?

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 01:47 AM PST

I was wondering if gas giants had a clear distinct point where the planet starts and stops. Aside from the thin atmospheres that they have. Because in photos theres a clear distinction between the atmosphere and "surface" of the planet.

Or do you just go in and after a while you realise "o shoot im in the planet" kinda like clouds?

submitted by /u/hjdaboss123
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