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Saturday, December 11, 2021

Could I, as a speaker of early 21st century Modern English, be capable of communicating with a speaker of 14-15th century Middle English?

Could I, as a speaker of early 21st century Modern English, be capable of communicating with a speaker of 14-15th century Middle English?

Could I, as a speaker of early 21st century Modern English, be capable of communicating with a speaker of 14-15th century Middle English?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 04:03 AM PST

Do planets scale to the size of their parent star? Or do rocky planets have a limit and gas giants as well?

Posted: 10 Dec 2021 11:49 AM PST

If you are in a vegetative state are you able to hear or able to understand given some parts of brain works?

Posted: 10 Dec 2021 12:50 PM PST

Does synesthesia give someone extra information that is useful for understanding phenomena, and if so, how?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 05:20 AM PST

For example, Richard Feynmann has color synesthesia for numbers. Did seeing numbers as colors help him in any way to solve equations? How would that work?

submitted by /u/QiPowerIsTheBest
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How can you estimate the temperature of an arc discharge in air generated through high-frequency AC?

Posted: 10 Dec 2021 06:16 AM PST

Hi everyone. I'm wondering if it is possible or if there are methods to estimate the temperature of a plasma generated from an high-frequency arc discharge in air, like arcs generated from an arc lighter.

Would it be dependant on the frequency, the distance between the electrodes or other things? The closest thing I found is related to the concept of electron temperature, but I haven't found any clear way to compute it.

​

Thanks for your help and have a nice day!

​

Edit: it would be in order to build an arc furnace capable of reaching temperatures up to 2100°C, to melt corundum

submitted by /u/PieWare
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If I put two things in the microwave instead of one, are they both going to be heated slower?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 03:14 AM PST

The scenario is the following: I have a microwave that operates at 1000 W and I have two cups of water.

I noticed that for the same amount of time spent in the microwave, a single cup of water will get warmer if it's in there alone. If I put both cups in there, I also habe to spend more time.

So is the power being "shared" by the cups, and if so, do they share this power based on volume / mass / position?

Do both cups of water receive 500 W each?

submitted by /u/Speterius
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Are natural diamonds really pretty common on earth?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 02:15 AM PST

I have often read (also in this subreddit) that non-artifical diamonds are not rare on earth, and that the scarcity is only a result of the DeBeers Monopoly on the diamond market. Is this true? How common are diamonds in rock layers, where they are lucrative for extraction (and useful for jewelry production)?

submitted by /u/hash0
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How did the salmon's life cycle evolve?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 02:44 AM PST

How did these fish evolve to travel such incredible distances and endure such hardships for a complicated system of reproduction evolve, and why did it evolve this way? What is the advantage of such a system?

submitted by /u/OatmealTears
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At what rate are introversion and extroversion inherited in humans and do these traits affect birthrates?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 04:43 AM PST

The consensus seems to be that extroversion and introversion are at least in part inherited (similar question here), however I couldn't find information on whether or not these are recessive or dominant genes, or which chromosomes are responsible for the trait. Going from there, I also wondered if introversion and extroversion have any relevant impact on birthrates. If one of them had a lower chance to be passed on, then I would assume that the trait will eventually be lost.

submitted by /u/Sotherewehavethat
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How is eccentric contraction the strongest, and concentric the weakest type of skeletal muscle contraction?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 12:29 AM PST

I've seen this claim a lot, but I just can't understand it.

If I'm lifting a heavy object, then the force produced by the muscles must be greater than the weight of the object (concentric). If I'm holding it stationary (isometric) then the forces must be equal. If I'm lowering it slowly then the weight must be greater than the force produced by the muscle (eccentric).

This means that the concentric contraction should be the strongest, and eccentric should be the weakest, but I keep hearing it the other way around.

submitted by /u/Kemo-III
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I've read that the reason why CO2 is not entirely eliminated from the animal's body (for homeostasis) is to preserve critical internal variables in a condition of relative consistency. Can someone enlighten me?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 02:58 AM PST

Why iron has BCC structure at low temperature? Is it due to low Gibbs free energy by any magnetic property influence?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 05:11 AM PST

Is there any influence of magnetic property on Gibbs free energy equation? Can the magnetic domain alignment be taken into consideration for entropy? Higher the disorder of alignment, FCC (paramagnetic) is not stable at room temperature, is the reason behind this is the magnetic influence ?

submitted by /u/crazypersononboard
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Why do speakers give a low boom when getting switched off?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 12:07 AM PST

What do we know about the incubation period omicron variant?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 02:55 AM PST

I've seen that the cases from Hongkong had repeatedly negative results and a positive result with a very high viral load very shortly afterward. How soon after exposure should one then get tested to avoid false negative?

submitted by /u/paulinia47
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Does clove oil fumes harm longevity of oil paintings?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 02:53 AM PST

I encountered some artist group claiming that eugenol and other chemicals from clove oil will evaporate and seep into oil paint. Some oil paints are quite expensive and a lot of people use it to slow the drying. I keep my palette and cotton balls with clove oil in it within an airtight container, without adding any clove oil in the oil paint directly. Will this damage the film formation process for oil paintings later? These artist claimed that Smithsonian conservationists stated that clove oil is bad for repairing paint films later. This might be a physics and chemistry mixed question

submitted by /u/HughStudioArts
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Why total solar eclipses occur with more frequency in some countries/regions than in others?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 02:26 AM PST

Hi!

Out of curiosity I was checking out the list of total solar eclipses for this century and I noticed something: During this century a country like Argentina (South America) will have a total of 7 total solar eclipses while a country like El Salvador (Central America) won't have a single one

In fact while Argentina will have as many as 7 during a period of 100 years El Salvador had a total solar eclipse in 1991 and will have onother one until 2132 after more than 100 years

And I noticed that it seems that total solar eclipses are more common in some regions than others, for Example Australia or South America or even Antarctica will have more than 4 while regions like Central America won't have any.

Why?

Does earth's position has something to do? Or is it just a coincidence?

submitted by /u/Transbeauty88
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Is the original strain of covid-19 still being detected, or has it been subsumed by later variants?

Posted: 09 Dec 2021 06:25 AM PST

What are some species that hunt Enypniastes?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 01:30 AM PST

So, I recently started watching the new Welcome To Earth documentary series and it features the sea cucumber species Enypniastes eximia. Does anyone know what preys on enypniastes in the deep ocean?

submitted by /u/nickpop345
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Is the left/right, creative/logical divide of the brain an outdated simplification, or a useful model?

Posted: 10 Dec 2021 11:41 AM PST

I don't know where I've got this thought process from, but I think I learnt that the brain maps the 'yin and yang' of creative logical in a much messier way than simply left right? What is the current understanding of the brains functioning areas please?

submitted by /u/Aiken_Drumn
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What is the relationship between the size of an animal's brain and how smart it is?

Posted: 10 Dec 2021 08:23 PM PST

I saw a video of a spider and it looked smarter than just instincts so i was wondering how big their brains were and how much information is there and how much they can process. Also, what about animals which are larger than humans? how big are their brains and what are they capable of? Why did humans brains develop towards where we are now? Is there a ranking of animals which are the smartest (at least from what we know so far)? or at least which animals are really good at communication?

submitted by /u/ConorFinn
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How does novacaine and lidocaine actually block the pain response from the body? Bonus question: Since our physical nervous system does not spread over every inch of our body, how do we feel pain across our skin?

Posted: 10 Dec 2021 10:32 PM PST

Is a positive mindset beneficial for recovery from sickness?

Posted: 10 Dec 2021 01:38 PM PST

My sister is a nurse and told me that if you're mentally depressed because of your illness (Covid, Cancer, Flu etc.) that you're actually slowing down your bodies recovery and its ability to defend itself.

Is her statement rooted in science? Because I know that if you're depressed your cognitive performance can decrease. So do parallels exist there?

submitted by /u/PyPaiX
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Does a heightened sense of smell in dogs mean they smell *more things*, or that all things have a *more intense* smell?

Posted: 10 Dec 2021 01:16 PM PST

And if it's the latter, are they absolutely freaked out by certain smells?

submitted by /u/senordingleberry
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Why do we see stars instantly in a mirror?

Posted: 11 Dec 2021 05:47 AM PST

I was recently studying some very basic optics about plane mirrors. The most fundamental rule of image formation in a plane mirror is that the image distance from the mirror is equal to the object's distance from the mirror. Does that not mean that light has to travel that much distance inside the mirror? If the stars we see in the sky, are light years away from us, then light should take years to reach that distance inside the mirror. So how does the image appear instantly in the mirror?

submitted by /u/nkg47
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What is the longest vertical limit that capillary action can travel?

Posted: 10 Dec 2021 10:50 AM PST

Could something that transfers water through capillary action[a rope, cloth, or whatever else is better at this] theoretically be attached to a balloon a mile high and still raise water from whatever body of water the lower end is submerged in?

submitted by /u/theguybutnotthatguy
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vào lúc No comments:

Thursday, December 9, 2021

What would happen if protons, neutrons, and electrons kept accumulating in a single atom?

What would happen if protons, neutrons, and electrons kept accumulating in a single atom?

What would happen if protons, neutrons, and electrons kept accumulating in a single atom?

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 04:51 PM PST

I read that the heaviest elements are produced artificially. What would happen if there was some environment, maybe inside or a star or some weird set of circumstances in space that caused particles that make an atom to keep accumulating "infinitely" or as long as possible. What would the resultant element be? Is there a prediction of the properties or such an element?

submitted by /u/tgtpg4fun
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What would the moon look like if you got rid of all the dust?

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 08:35 PM PST

Do sharks hurt their own stomach with their teeth during gastric eversion?

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 03:07 PM PST

I just found out about gastric eversion and the few pictures I could find the stomach clearly is in contact with their teeth, specially the sharks that have that first external roll poking out. Do they get hurt? Could that kill them?

submitted by /u/Useless_info_expert
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Pressure and boiling point?

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 12:17 PM PST

Hello peeps, I have a very basic yet bugging question about water boiling at different temperatures depending on different pressures.

We know that in a vacuum chamber water starts boiling before it reaches 100 degrees Celsius. The same phenomenon happens if we boil water at sea level versus doing if on a high mountain.

That is, the lower the pressure before it starts boiling.

Again, I beg your pardon for this question as I intuitively understand it is extremely basic and possibly silly, but why we use pressure cookers then? Their function is to raise the pressure, thus making the water boiling faster.

What am I understanding wrong? If their function was to raise the boiling point so as to cook the food at higher temperatures, that would be consistent with all the rest. However how come pressure cookers start boiling faster?

Thanks or any help!

submitted by /u/logosfabula
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Relative to the moons in other planetary systems, is our moon really unusually big relative to Earth, and Jupiter/Saturn/etc's moons are normal relative to them, OR, (maybe?) is our moon relatively more normal-proportioned to us, and, say, Jupiter's moons are unusually small for it?

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 06:30 PM PST

So, if you look at how huge the gas-giant planets are compared to Earth (especially Jupiter and Saturn), and then look at the size of their biggest moons relative to themselves, vs the size of the Moon relative to the Earth, it would seem that the Earth's moon is an unusually large moon, relative to a planet of our size.

So, I always just assumed that it was like, Jupiter, Saturn, etc have normal sized moons relative to themselves, and we (Earth) are the weird one, with an unusually large moon, proportionally speaking.

But, I was thinking about it, and how small of a sample size of planets we have at hand here in our solar system, and, maybe even more importantly, how small of a sample size of planetary systems we have up close and personal that we are inside of (just 1, that is... our own), so, that got me wondering:

Do we know anything about the relative sizes of the moons of the planets of other planetary systems?

Like, could it be that maybe it's the other way around, and it's not us that has the weirdly big moon, and instead, it's that planets as big as Jupiter and Saturn are "supposed" to have much larger moons than the ones they have in our Solar System right now?

Or, maybe somewhere in between, like, Earth's still is a little unusually large, but not by as much as one might assume, and, Jupiter/Saturn's moons are a little on the small size, but not to too severe of a degree, or something like that?

Occam's razor figures it to be more likely that we really do just have a weirdly big moon here, orbiting Earth, given even just the medium-low ish sample size of Jupiter/Saturn/Uranus/Neptune's largest moons vs our moon, to take at hand as what we (up until pretty recently, anyway) had to work with, from a statistical standpoint and just guessing based on that, in and of itself.

So, I figure most likely the answer (if there is an answer available as of yet - not sure how good our data is on extra-solar moons so far) is going to be "nope, ours is indeed strangely large"

But, I figured given the small-ish sample size and dynamics at hand here within our Solar System, there's still enough of a chance that maybe that's not the case, that I should still ask about it, just in case it isn't.

So yea, how much (if anything) do we know about the moons of the planets of other planetary systems, especially in regards to their relative sizes relative to said planets? I know we can see the wobble-effect the planets have on other stars near us, to guess at the size of the planets orbiting said planet. But, have we been able to notice anything (at all) in regards to moons? (I figure it's a longshot, but I might as well ask).

Also, getting away from the empirical side of things, too: what about on the theoretical side of things? Is there anything "theory-wise" (about how our Solar System formed, or how we think the early phases of planetary systems function) that might lead our hunches one way or the other in regards to this question, even if we didn't have any hard data on the moons of other planetary systems?

submitted by /u/stemmisc
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What is the difference between compressive strength and bulk modulus?

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 11:29 AM PST

According to Wikipedia, bulk modulus is

a measure of how resistant to compression that substance is.

According to Wikipedia, compressive strength is

the capacity of a material or structure to withstand loads tending to reduce size (as opposed to tensile strength which withstands loads tending to elongate). In other words, compressive strength resists compression (being pushed together), whereas tensile strength resists tension (being pulled apart).

What's the difference? It seems like both are the same thing - a measure of how resistant to being compressed something is - and yet, substances like aluminum oxide (Al2O3) have drastically different values for bulk modulus and compressive strength.

Why?

submitted by /u/4thDevilsAdvocate
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Do gas giants have a clear "edge"?

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 01:47 AM PST

I was wondering if gas giants had a clear distinct point where the planet starts and stops. Aside from the thin atmospheres that they have. Because in photos theres a clear distinction between the atmosphere and "surface" of the planet.

Or do you just go in and after a while you realise "o shoot im in the planet" kinda like clouds?

submitted by /u/hjdaboss123
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vào lúc No comments:

Wednesday, December 8, 2021

Why does flu even come in seasons?

Why does flu even come in seasons?

Why does flu even come in seasons?

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 08:04 AM PST

Any news about the antibodies created when infected with the new Omicron variant? Since it has multiple mutations, are the natural antibodies from Omicron effective in fighting the earlier variants?

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 07:56 AM PST

How can Neuropathy (Nerve Damage) cause Numbness is Some but Pain in Others?

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 07:41 AM PST

I was curious how neuropathy of a sensory nerve can result in both numbness and/or pain the area they effect. How can it cause both of these symptoms? Is this due to anatomical variations between people, differences in how the nerve damage occurs, similarities in how these two sensations are transmitted, or some other factor?

I am not a medical student, however I am a masters student so I do have some background knowledge of anatomy/physiology (though my neurology knowledge is a bit poor) so I can understand general terminology. I'd appreciate if anyone could explain this!

Edit: Thank you everyone for the responses! I wanted to elaborate what i meant a little further.

I am primarily referring to reversible nerve damage more so than irreversible. "Neuropathy" may have been the wrong term.

Also, I know that nerves differentiate based on sensory/motor function. What I was curious about is why does damage to sensory nerves result sometimes in pain but other times numbness.

submitted by /u/Yeah_I_am_a_Jew
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Does taking mock tests increase mental stamina?

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 02:01 PM PST

I help students prepare for the SAT and ACT. Lots of blog posts from tutoring companies advocate for students taking mock tests to help increase their mental stamina for the real exam. I haven't seen any of these posts cite sources for the premise that you build mental stamina by taking long tests regularly.

Is there any scientific evidence that taking long tests boosts mental stamina? Or are there better ways to help students increase their ability to focus during a 4 hour exam?

submitted by /u/bobaroo120
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How does a computer communicate with another one behind NAT?

Posted: 07 Dec 2021 11:05 PM PST

I was learning about NAT and I think I understand how it works. You have a private IP. When you send a request to a computer on another network, the router changes the packet's source address so that the router receives the response, and then it forwards the response back to you ("you" being another computer).

But this only happens when you initially send a request. How does a computer on a different network send you a packet if you didn't send it a request first? Assuming you are not the only device connected to your network, and it can't just send a packet to your private IP address, how can this communication occur?

submitted by /u/TechnophiliusP
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How do limpets metabolize iron for their super-hard teeth?

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 01:05 AM PST

Limpet teeth are made of goethite crystals mixed with chitin. This makes them ridiculously strong and durable - a diamond saw was required to cut one, and they are, as of right now, the strongest biomaterial known to exist - but that's besides the point:

How, specifically, do limpets metabolize the iron they put into these teeth?

What metabolic or chemical pathways do they use for this?

How in the absolute dickens can an animal digest rock?

submitted by /u/4thDevilsAdvocate
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Why does a Pfizer booster protect against omicron when the first two doses don’t?

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 06:41 AM PST

If Photons Carry Momentum Despite Having No Mass, Does the Sun's Output Move Planets' Orbits?

Posted: 07 Dec 2021 05:57 PM PST

The sun outputs countless amounts of photons that all collide with planets. These photons obviously carry energy and get expelled as heat or can be harvested as energy, but they also carry momentum. Even if only a tiny amount, do these photons push on planets and move their orbits?

submitted by /u/Fun_Sized_Momo
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 07:00 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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How would you slow down a lightsail?

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 01:57 PM PST

When it comes to interstellar travel the topic of lightsails (a small craft, usually a probe, propelled by multiple powerful lasers and able to achieve extremely high speeds) has often surfaced as a possible way to reach neighboring stars.

Some articles I've read on it mention reaching Alpha Centauri in about 20 years which would mean if I'm not mistaken 20-25% of light-speed. My question about this is whether we'd be able to slow down such a probe when reaching the destination, and if not whether we could still make any use of it.

With no drag in space and the propelling light source coming from the Solar system, I see no way that we could slow down the craft when approaching the target system. And at 20% of light-speed the window to collect data or pictures in the target system would be extremely short, so is this a viable option to explore (even if just with probes) even without solving the slowing down issue?

submitted by /u/TheSpaceDuck
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If I shoot a jet of water at an object, it will have less force if the object is already moving away from me, due to relative velocity. What if the thing I'm shooting is light? Will it get the same force regardless of the relative velocity?

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 12:59 PM PST

Relativity says that light travels at the speed of light relative to you, no matter who you are - this answers the "if my car is traveling at 0.99c and i turn on the headlights, how fast does the light come out", and the answer is c relative to me, but also c relative to an external observer. Because light is weird.

Say I have a light sail moving away from me at 0.5c. Will the light come hit it at a velocity of c, and thus impart the same force it would as if the sail was at rest relative to me?

submitted by /u/WaitForItTheMongols
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Is there dark matter in our galaxy or even solar system?

Posted: 07 Dec 2021 09:44 PM PST

If dark matter is everywhere it stands to reason that it is also in our galaxy, possibly in our solar system and even near or on planet Earth.

submitted by /u/HottestFart
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What effects does radiation have on silver?

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 07:17 AM PST

Does Jupiter not technically orbiting the sun also make it not a planet?

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 06:42 AM PST

According to everything I've read, the barycenter of the sun and jupiter is a point outside the surface of the sun due to Jupiter having extremely large amount of mass. Does the IAU definition take into account planets that "orbit" the sun but have actual orbits that are points outside the sun, or does that kind of technicality not really matter?

submitted by /u/Careless-Cake-9360
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Could we take a picture of JWST with Hubble?

Posted: 07 Dec 2021 04:57 PM PST

Assuming it makes it to its parking point ok

submitted by /u/ThatChap
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Does Covid-19 vaccine help protect against Covid pneumonia?

Posted: 08 Dec 2021 07:52 AM PST

Last year I was in the hospital from pneumonia in both lungs from Covid. I am vaccinated and am getting the booster today. But what I am worried about is catching pneumonia if I do get Covid again.

I read this article https://www.nbcnews.com/news/amp/ncna1247576 and it says

"In an international study in Science, 10 percent of nearly 1,000 Covid-19 patients who developed life-threatening pneumonia had antibodies that disable key immune system proteins called interferons. These antibodies — known as autoantibodies, because they attack the body itself — weren't found at all in 663 people with mild or asymptomatic Covid-19 infections. Only four of 1,227 healthy patients had the autoantibodies. The study was led by the Covid Human Genetic Effort, which includes 200 research centers in 40 countries."

So even if I have the vaccine is it going to protect me from pneumonia even though I may have the problem mentioned in the article?

submitted by /u/theyekid
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vào lúc No comments:

Tuesday, December 7, 2021

Do individuals who appear older or younger than their biological age live a shorter or longer lifespan, respectively?

Do individuals who appear older or younger than their biological age live a shorter or longer lifespan, respectively?

Do individuals who appear older or younger than their biological age live a shorter or longer lifespan, respectively?

Posted: 07 Dec 2021 07:43 AM PST

I understand there are various confounding variables (ex. those appearing older than stated age may smoke, drink, have a poorly balanced diet, etc.) but if those factors are controlled as much as possible, is there a correlation between appearing age and life expectancy?

Love this community, interested to hear your perspectives and knowledge!

submitted by /u/premed_thr0waway
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How much of the electricity that a computer uses is converted into heat? And how efficiently does a computer transfer that heat into the surrounding air?

Posted: 07 Dec 2021 02:13 PM PST

This is something I have wondered for a while. I have heard some tech reviewers and outlets claim that all the energy consumed by a computer is converted into heat. Is that true? Shouldn't some amount of energy go towards computing the information?

A second question is, how efficient is a computer at transferring that heat to the surrounding air compared to a typical electric furnace in a house? That is to say, could I heat a house more efficiently with computers than with your standard electric furnace? I have also heard it claimed online that computers are more efficient at transferring heat to the air than a furnace, but I am unsure of how much truth there is in this.

submitted by /u/Keudn
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Does Neosporin and other topical antibioitics breed anti-biotic resistance?

Posted: 07 Dec 2021 11:18 AM PST

Why Moderna half dose and not a full dose for the booster?

Posted: 07 Dec 2021 06:25 AM PST

How do deciduous trees exchange gases in the winter?

Posted: 07 Dec 2021 09:03 AM PST

Leaf do gas exchange, but without leaf how do

Seriously though, I don't know what to think. Diffusion through the bark? Oxygen tanks? They must need oxygen to respire aerobically or trees would be filled with ethanol by the spring.

submitted by /u/jesjkskeje
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Weird question but is the mylohyoid muscle denser or less denser than the digastric muscle? I've been researching this for a while now

Posted: 07 Dec 2021 03:52 AM PST

What does the most up to date studies say about the efficacy of Remdisivir?

Posted: 07 Dec 2021 09:13 AM PST

I have been poking around at the efficacy of Remdisivir for COVID 19 and I have been finding some conflicting statements in the research so I was hoping if people more knowledgeable could explain to me or point me in the right direction to see what the medical science says currently about Remdisivir.

submitted by /u/tysons23
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With all the talk of travel at the speed of light, isn't a major concern colliding with objects?

Posted: 07 Dec 2021 08:19 AM PST

If you are traveling at the speed of light and hit even a small object in space it would be catastrophic I assume. Has anyone given any thought to this aspect of travelling so fast? Thanks.

submitted by /u/RedsMagoo
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Why aren't Xylems and Phloems one single tissue?

Posted: 07 Dec 2021 02:51 AM PST

A tissue is defined as a collection of cells that have the same origin, function and structure. Xylems and phloems have similar structure, and they both originate from primary meristem cells.

Now, one of them carries nutrients from the root to leaf cells, and the other one carries food from leaves to the whole plant. These are said to be "different functions", but my question is how dissimilar do two functions have to be to be considered different? Can't I argue these are similar enough that we can call them the same anyways? Is there a rigid definition for " similar function"?

( I'm probably overthinking this but yeah...)

submitted by /u/Aggravating-Stress10
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Could the supply of exogenous pregnenolone in supraphysiological doses suppress the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (and possibly other systems) in humans?

Posted: 07 Dec 2021 04:04 AM PST

As I understand it, exogenous glucocorticoids (such as hydrocortisone or prednisone) can suppress the HPA axis because binding of the glucocorticoid receptor provides a negative feedback on CRH and ACTH release. There seems to be some evidence that pregnenolone, thought to be a completely inactive steroid precursor only, can have similar effects on the brain.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21273660/

From the above (in vitro) study: "...In the present study, we found that some neurosteroids in a concentration-dependent manner inhibited CRH gene promoter activity in the differentiated Neuro-2A cells. Among investigated neurosteroids, PGL [pregnenolone], the main precursor of steroid hormones, exerted the most potent effect. ALLO and THDOC, two potent endogenous positive modulators of the GABA receptors had only a little weaker inhibitory effect than PGL on CRH activity. It is likely that the inhibitory effect of ALLO and THDOC on CRH gene transcription may be implicated in the mechanism of their anxiolytic action."

Does anybody have any thoughts on this?

submitted by /u/DeliciousPreference5
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I read human tooth crown tissue is unique compared to other primitive people. What makes it unique?

Posted: 07 Dec 2021 12:31 AM PST

Separate scans also enabled the researchers to probe the tissue beneath the tooth crowns, which was found to be uniquely associated with modern humans.

https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-42817323

submitted by /u/englishrestoration
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