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Tuesday, November 2, 2021

In dim light, why do unlit objects appear to lag behind lit objects?

In dim light, why do unlit objects appear to lag behind lit objects?


In dim light, why do unlit objects appear to lag behind lit objects?

Posted: 01 Nov 2021 06:15 PM PDT

This is something I originally noticed while playing my gameboy late at night. There was just enough light to see the gameboy itself, which had a small 'on' indicator light. I noticed that moving the gameboy would make the light appear to dash ahead, with the rest of the gameboy appearing to lag behind. This seems to happen with anything backlit in a dark room. A cell phone's entire screen will jump ahead relative to your hand holding it, though smaller pinpoint lights are easier to notice the difference.

What's going on to make this happen? I suspect it has something to do with the eye's rods and cones either detecting or transmitting information at different rates, but haven't been able to find anything to confirm it.

submitted by /u/talidos
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Will the melting polar ice caps actually bring on an ice age due to lower ocean salinity?

Posted: 02 Nov 2021 03:34 AM PDT

So I've been reading a book called "A short history of nearly everything" by Bill Bryson. (Very good by the way). It brought up some topics that got me thinking.

As the ice caps melt, huge quantities of fresh water are dumped into the oceans, which I imagine over time would decrease the salinity of the ocean (making it a higher percentage of fresh water). Because fresher water is easier to freeze, would we not see a rebound of ice forming at the poles, and therefore spreading a lot faster, and with the ice reflecting the heat of the sun, be able to expand even further and bring on an ice age?

The reason I brought this up was because I was reading about the Messinian Salinity Crisis that supposedly happened about six million years ago that supposedly brought on the last ice age. For those of you who aren't too familiar with it; what is thought to have happened was that the continents shifting closed up the straight of Gibraltar, and without constant flow ended up evaporating the Mediterranean. As an entire sea began evaporating, is was brought back to earth as fresh water (rainfall), which desalinised the oceans enough to let it freeze a whole lot easier, reflect the sun a whole lot more and therefore caused an ice age.

submitted by /u/PoliteBrick2002
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Are people who have already had covid or been vaccinated, more likely to be asymptomatic?

Posted: 01 Nov 2021 04:23 PM PDT

Do plant roots excrete solid or liquid waste?

Posted: 01 Nov 2021 03:24 PM PDT

Are there any predators or parasites that feed on intestinal worms, when they're in the intestines?

Posted: 02 Nov 2021 05:13 AM PDT

How is it possible for all points on a rotating disc to be moving at the same speed?

Posted: 01 Nov 2021 05:14 PM PDT

This is something that just hit me while I was thinking about planetary rotation. In theory, the length of a day should be different depending on your latitude, since the actual distance covered by any line of latitude changes depending on how close or far you are from the equator. However, everyone everywhere has a 24 hour day, even though the actual distance they're traveling as the earth rotates varies everywhere from 0 at the poles, to the circumference of the Earth at the equator.

I've heard about this paradox every since I was little, but I've never really gotten an answer to it. If every point on earth's surface is rotating around Earth's axis at the same speed, then how can everyone have the same length of day if the actual distance they're covering is different? Does this mean that any planet rotating at the same speed as earth would have a roughly 24-hour day, completely regardless of its actual size? If latitude x has the same length of day as Earth's equator, then that should mean a planet with an equatorial circumference of x should also have a 24 hour day as long as its rotating at the same speed.

How is this possible?

submitted by /u/Battman39
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Are there animal traditions?

Posted: 02 Nov 2021 12:13 AM PDT

Hi,

So basically my question is whether animals (lets say mammals) have most of their behaviour instinctively or if there will be big differences if you removed one generation from their parents immediatly. Would they eventually act the same as those with an upbringing or are there "traditions" that first have to be taught to them by someone else? If it turns out to be the same, just delayed, thats not what I mean. I mean behaviour that, like a language or tradition, has to be carried through multiple generations to survive.

I hope just saying "mammals" is not too general of a question (as behaviour can be very different). Feel free to name a species of your choice if you don't want to generalize.

Thanks for any answers

submitted by /u/Nya-Larthotep
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Do people who lose one of their senses due to an accident or an illness experience intense changes in brain activity shortly after?

Posted: 01 Nov 2021 10:02 AM PDT

Do Animals have Blood Groups like humans?

Posted: 01 Nov 2021 07:03 AM PDT

If so, can their blood be transfused into humans or the other way around?

submitted by /u/bavariandick
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New CDC Study - Vaccine vs Natural Immunity study?

Posted: 01 Nov 2021 06:26 AM PDT

I am confused about the CDC study. Hoping someone can help clarify. The study states there were patients that were hospitalized with a COVID-like illness. 'Laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was identified among 324 (5.1%) of 6,328 were fully vaccinated persons and among 89 of 1,020 (8.7%) unvaccinated .'

How I am interpreting the study. What exactly do the mean by covid-like illness? I am thinking they had symptoms similar to COVID but didn't necessarily have COVID. Of the people who had a covid-like illness 5.1% of people who were vaxxed with no previous infection actually had COVID. The unvaxxed people with a previous infection who had a covid-like illness 8.7% of them had COVID. If my interpretation is correct, how does this prove vaccine immunity is superior to natural immunity? Am I misinterpreting something? I don't understand how we can take percentages from something vague like a 'covid-like' illness and make a conclusion based on that.

Thanks! https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7044e1.htm?s_cid=mm7044e1_w

submitted by /u/Outrageous-Job-3602
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Are mating strategies of bonobos and chimps genetic or learned? If you raised a chimp among bonobos, would he adapt and pass on their behavior and vice versa?

Posted: 01 Nov 2021 03:00 AM PDT

What individual dinosaur species existed for the longest period of time?

Posted: 01 Nov 2021 07:52 AM PDT

For example, Brontosaurus is said to have lived (according to Wikipedia) 156.3-146.8 million years ago so roughly 10 million years. Have any lasted 15 million? 20? 30?

Birds are of course welcome, but I would prefer non-avian dinosaurs if possible.

submitted by /u/AgiasTheDon
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Aurora borealis/Aurora Australis are frequent on earth and noticeable from space. Has there been any instances of observing this on any other planets?

Posted: 01 Nov 2021 10:30 AM PDT

Surely Earth can't be the only planet experiencing this phenomenon.

submitted by /u/Sandy_brothman
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Whats left in the soil onece it becomes "barren" & can soil be truely "barren"?

Posted: 01 Nov 2021 01:53 AM PDT

Thank god you guys are here, i was having a long thought out conversation the other day and came upon the concept of barren soil.

Please explain this to me in a way i can understand!

Lets start out with fertile soil; Now we plant plants until all the nutrients have been depleted, whats left in the soil?

To my understanding we have organisms that can derive energy from damn near any materials in existence. I mean theres plastic consuming mushrooms at this point!

In my mind, if there is a physical material there. then in my mind there is an element or nutrient there. which can be used by an organism for energy.

The only thing i can think of (Becides Drought Conditions) Is IF the plants consumed everything useable, that would only leave concentrated deposits of poisons.

I deeply appreicate an explanation, the more detailed and in depth the better! Thanks you guys and gals!! :D >.> >.< <.<

submitted by /u/dayoo00
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When animals eat other animals whole, how does the predator not get sick from any feces in the prey animal?

Posted: 31 Oct 2021 06:17 PM PDT

is blood pressure higher in a vessel with a large diameter or small diameter and why?

Posted: 31 Oct 2021 11:09 PM PDT

I've always thought blood or even water in general would have higher pressure in a tube with a smaller diameter due the "squeezing" of the walls. But after reading about how pressure is higher in an afferent arteriole than in an efferent arteriole (diameter of afferent > efferent), I realized my assumption may have been wrong all along.

submitted by /u/kimchuzu
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does condition 1 weather in Antarctica inhibits communication?

Posted: 31 Oct 2021 10:56 PM PDT

So recently I saw a viral video about condition 1 weather in Antarctica, I wonder if this also inhibits satcom or other wireless communications.

submitted by /u/davidlis
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Are there any animals that have symbiotic parasites and evolved under the expectation of the parasite's presence?

Posted: 31 Oct 2021 06:39 PM PDT

For a hypothetical example, if an animal that used to have a type of skin but a parasite replaces it with better skin so the animal stops growing the skin over generations. Probably not skin specifically but anything in general!

submitted by /u/BlueSky1877
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Is the concept of a syllable the same between all languages?

Posted: 31 Oct 2021 08:51 PM PDT

Monday, November 1, 2021

AskScience AMA Series: We're Experts Here to Discuss Sexually Transmitted Infections. AUA!

AskScience AMA Series: We're Experts Here to Discuss Sexually Transmitted Infections. AUA!


AskScience AMA Series: We're Experts Here to Discuss Sexually Transmitted Infections. AUA!

Posted: 01 Nov 2021 06:01 AM PDT

Let's talk about sex(ually transmitted infections [STIs])! We'll be here today at 2 PM ET for a discussion, organized by the American Society for Microbiology (ASM), about the present and future of STIs.

STIs are an enormous health issue. According to the World Health Organization, there are approximately 1 million new infections daily worldwide, resulting in 2.3 million deaths every year. In the United States, half of new STIs occur among those ages 15-24. Meanwhile, increases in antimicrobial resistance are making it harder to treat and cure infections. STIs also represent a massive burden to the economy- in the United States alone, $16 billion is spent annually on STI-related health care costs.

But it's not all bad news! Screening programs are increasing around the world, mother to child transmission rates of diseases such as chlamydia, syphilis and HIV are decreasing, and effective treatments are continuing to be developed and delivered to patients in need. Even better, new technologies, some of which were created rapidly as part of the national COVID-19 response effort, are making it easier for people to access routine sexual health maintenance services.

We're here to answer your questions and discuss causes and cures, as well as opportunities for improvements in diagnoses and prevention strategies. We'll also discuss the emergence of new diseases and how they can be contained.

PLEASE NOTE- WE WILL NOT BE MAKING PERSONAL DIAGNOSES OR RECOMMENDING TREATMENTS.

With us today are:

Links:

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Are there any animals besides humans that experience sleep walking? Specifically some of the more complex behaviors people have been known to engage in while sleep walking.

Posted: 31 Oct 2021 05:19 PM PDT

How was the first virus found?

Posted: 01 Nov 2021 04:14 AM PDT

What methods were used to distinguish viruses from other pathogens so that we knew it was something different than all the known stuff?

submitted by /u/Maru_Amoriani
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Does hypnosis have legitimate therapeutic value (or any value)? Is it still a largely unknown field or is its value and limits well understood?

Posted: 31 Oct 2021 03:31 PM PDT

Im having trouble finding trustworthy information on the legitimacy of hypnotism. What exactly it is and if it is productive in any way.

submitted by /u/weird_foreign_odor
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How does Prednisone increase your appetite?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 10:40 AM PDT

If a micrometeorite hits a spaceship and creates a hole in it. How fast spaceship will lose air?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 12:44 PM PDT

Let's say a hole with a diameter of 2 mm. Will there be a significant pressure drop. How many cubic meters of air spaceship will lose in one minute?

submitted by /u/PsiAmp
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Sunday, October 31, 2021

Do powerful space telescopes able to see back to a younger, smaller universe see the same thing no matter what direction they face? Or is the smaller universe "stretched" out over every direction?

Do powerful space telescopes able to see back to a younger, smaller universe see the same thing no matter what direction they face? Or is the smaller universe "stretched" out over every direction?


Do powerful space telescopes able to see back to a younger, smaller universe see the same thing no matter what direction they face? Or is the smaller universe "stretched" out over every direction?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 08:36 AM PDT

I couldn't find another similar question in my searches, but I apologize if this has been asked before.

The James Webb telescope is poised to be able to see a 250,000,000 year old universe, one which is presumably much smaller. Say hypothetically it could capture an image of the entire young universe in it's field of view. If you were to flip the telescope 180° would it capture the same view of the young universe? Would it appear to be from the same direction? Or does the view of the young universe get "stretched" over every direction? Perhaps I'm missing some other possibility.

Thank you in advance.

submitted by /u/Damnaged
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If salt raises the boiling temp of water, is there additive that will let water freeze at a higher temp also?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 08:21 PM PDT

Is SARS-CoV-2 more infectious/contagious than regular coronaviruses before the emergence of COVID-19?

Posted: 31 Oct 2021 03:53 AM PDT

So there are a lot of different coronaviruses but SARS-CoV-2 is quite more deadly than the regular coronaviruses which usually just gives mild upper respiratory tract disease.

I was wondering if regular coronaviruses are just as contagious as SARS-CoV-2 or that they are similar.

submitted by /u/b2q
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Why does cold welding only happen to metals?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 08:32 PM PDT

Fair warning– I am not an engineer, scientist, or otherwise bearer of technical expertise! So if a simple explanation is possible, it would be much appreciated. Anyway, here's my question:

I've known for some time about the phenomenon of cold welding, where two pure pieces of the same metal will spontaneously fuse/weld when in contact in a vacuum because there's no oxidation layer to keep them separated. But why does this just happen to metals? Why doesn't this happen to other crystalline structures? Especially since those other crystalline structures don't oxidize to begin with.

submitted by /u/d_zed
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What features of an aircraft and the aircraft's engine allow an aircraft to supercruise at supersonic speeds?

Posted: 31 Oct 2021 12:31 AM PDT

How do mammals that dive deep into the ocean such as seals and whales not get decompression sickness?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 06:38 PM PDT

A human dives to a depth of 1500 ft and has to spend hours resurfacing so the nitrogen in their blood does not bubble. Does a sperm whale have to take the same amount of time ascending from depth or do they have physiological mechanisms to mitigate that?

submitted by /u/DaFancifulShark
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How did phyla emerge rapidly following the Cambrian explosion?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 09:17 AM PDT

Following the Cambrian explosion, phyla began developing relatively rapidly: within 6-10 million years. What drove such fast emergence of biodiversity?

submitted by /u/Warm-Sheepherder-597
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Uranium turns into lead, but there's still uranium. Why?

Posted: 31 Oct 2021 03:09 AM PDT

I guess this is more a shower thought, but I'm curious as to the answer. Its my understanding that uranium eventually turns into lead. So if all the uranium that was going to exist on the earth had been here since Earth's formation, it should be all be lead by now? But there is still uranium to be found. So... Why? Are there processes that occur within the earth to create new sources of elements, or were the 'conditions just right' to preserve the uranium from decaying into lead? I guess this applies to most ores. I'm just wondering if they all came at the formation, or if Earth can make more of some of them with processes like how coal becomes diamonds. If all uranium was uranium at the start of everything, I would think it should be lead by now.

submitted by /u/Reasonable-Bath-4963
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Are there any forces that get stronger the further away something is?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 04:41 PM PDT

Gravity for example gets stronger the closer two objects are. Do any forces have the opposite effect?

submitted by /u/alxne6
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Can proteins be converted to fats in the body?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 11:55 AM PDT

My biology teacher explained that since proteins are made of C, H, O and N the body cannot convert it to fats or sugars since they're made out of C, H, O and the body cannot break that bond. That means that technically eating only protein will make it impossible to gain weight but how is that possible?

submitted by /u/puplelily3
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What causes the sun (and other stars) to fire out coronal mass ejections?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 01:28 PM PDT

When did blood evolve into existence?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 10:30 AM PDT

Bonus questions: 1) do all animals have blood? 2) of animals that have blood, are there instances where the blood is a color other than red?

submitted by /u/houndofthesea
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How can there be Ice in Jupiter if it's so warm?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 11:42 AM PDT

Hey all,

So I've been reading up on gas giants for my DnD campaign. One article on Jupiter said that 'the planet's core is made up of layers of metals and rocks, along with methane ice, ammonia ice and water ice' (https://www.space.com/6164-jupiter-core-big-thought.html). Searching for more information on methane ice, I found that 'methyl clathrates are molecules of methane that are frozen into ice crystals. They can form deep in the Earth or underwater, but it takes very special conditions, with high pressure and low temperature, to make them.' (https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/frozenground/methane.html).

But as far as I understood, while there is a ton of pressure at the core of Jupiter, it's also disgustingly warm. So how can there be ice there?

submitted by /u/JonoNexus
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What triggers the trees to change the colour of their leaves before they fall in autumn?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 11:05 AM PDT

Is it temperature or daylight duration? What is the signalling pathway?

submitted by /u/nikolakis7
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I recently read through Gerta Keller's criticism of the Chicxulub impact extinction theory, and I was wondering - what made Chicxulub so much more lethal than comparable impactors, such as the asteroid that made the Manicouagan basin?

Posted: 29 Oct 2021 10:14 PM PDT

Was it something about the specific geology of the Yucatan as opposed to Quebec and the locations of other comparable impactors, or was it the combined effect of Chicxulub and the Deccan Traps, where comparable impactors hit during relatively calm and stable periods of the climate?

submitted by /u/InterplanetaryCyborg
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Why were cesium atoms used as the gold standard for telling time?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 01:00 PM PDT

Why does the exposed tree bark of a rainbow eucalyptus changes colour when exposed to air?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 02:07 AM PDT

Rainbow eucalyptus gains it rainbow like colour, due to the exposed tree bark (naturally bright green) that changes to various colours(purple,blue,orange,etc) when exposed to the air. Google searches doesn't go into detail why. any help is greatly appreciated. Physics related answers are preferred but any answers are welcome :D

submitted by /u/Hefnium
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What is the difference between the Trewartha climate classification and the Koppen-Geiger classification?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 09:01 AM PDT

This question came to me while I was looking at these two climate maps of the USA and comparing them to Europe. What struck me as odd is that in the Trewartha map, the middle US has a climate class of Do which is found in western Europe but in the Koppen map, the middle and southern (eastern side) US is all Cfa which is rarely found in Europe.

For reference this is what I was looking at:

Trewartha: http://www.city-data.com/forum/weather/2472963-climates-go-against-their-koppen-classification-3.html

Koppen: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Köppen_climate_classification#/media/File%3AKöppen-Geiger_Climate_Classification_Map.png

PS: I'm quite new to this subreddit and I don't know what I'm doing.

submitted by /u/Soviet_Arthropod36
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What amount of mm wavelength microwave radiation from the Sun reaches Earth's surface?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 08:23 AM PDT

I thought this would be a really easy google search, but turns out it wasn't simple. I'm trying to figure out the amount of radiation that reaches the ground from the Sun in terms of wavelength and power so that I can compare it to what's used for the 5G wireless network.

That's around 24-48 GHz, or 6mm-1.2cm wavelength. Power will probably be in watts per meter squared.

Any info on this or leads to follow so that I can come up with parts of the answer would be greatly appreciated!

submitted by /u/Rhannmah
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Why can we not put plastic eating bacteria in the ocean to help clean the plastics?

Posted: 30 Oct 2021 06:40 AM PDT

We found a species of bacteria that eats plastic, why can't we put it on the plastic pollution and help get rid of it?

submitted by /u/Otterboxz79
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Saturday, October 30, 2021

What is different about kids’ biology that the COVID vaccine requires special testing for younger ages?

What is different about kids’ biology that the COVID vaccine requires special testing for younger ages?


What is different about kids’ biology that the COVID vaccine requires special testing for younger ages?

Posted: 29 Oct 2021 09:20 PM PDT

The science behind the vaccine seems to be non-age-related. Do kids not produce antibodies fast enough or something?

submitted by /u/mhk98
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Do space launches account for the flight path of existing satellites?

Posted: 29 Oct 2021 07:44 PM PDT

As more satellites are launched into space I would imagine that there is an increased risk for collisions. Is there a map of current satellites as well as space junk?

submitted by /u/GetnLine
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How do transistors act as amplifiers?

Posted: 29 Oct 2021 10:19 AM PDT

I understand how they can Bernabè like switches, but how do they behave like amplifiers? What exactly do they do to have this characteristic?

submitted by /u/YoungKing_00
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Can you get botulism from eating honey if you're taking antibiotics?

Posted: 29 Oct 2021 04:56 PM PDT

I believe that some antibiotics kill the friendly bacteria in our guts that prevent the bacteria that cause botulism from growing?

submitted by /u/AngryAndCrestfallen
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What is the correct definition of latitude and longitude?

Posted: 29 Oct 2021 06:39 PM PDT

I was taught that latitude and longitude are coordinates, those two words essentially mean two numbers for each point on the planet, or two set of measurements as national geographic puts it. Then, in addition to these words, there are two more: "parallels" - lines of *equal* latitude, and "meridians" - lines of *equal* longitude.

Now the kids are in school and I was surprised to see how latitude and longitude are introduced and explained. They say that "latitude is a line" that divides the Earth horizontally, and "longitude is a line" that divides the Earth vertically. Essentially confusing latitude for a "parallel" and longitude for a "meridian". Additionally, youtube is full of similar explanations.

What I see especially confusing is that latitude is a measure of how far from the equator, measured "vertically", but explanations say it is a horizontal line, so the kids' brains get short-circuited.

So what is right, is there a mix in terminology?

submitted by /u/amnezzia
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Can x ray see inflammation and itchiness?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 11:46 PM PDT

Why does the word for mum start with an M in almost every language?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 10:40 PM PDT

How do maglev trains move and stop?

Posted: 28 Oct 2021 07:53 PM PDT

I understand electromagnetism, I'm more curious how the actual magnets are laid out.

The way I imagined stopping would be magnetic "speed bumps", a strong charge opposite of the charge at the front of the car which would stop as soon as the car passes over, so it only slows the train down instead of also pushing it forward.

Is a system of magnets turning off and on depending of the location of the train correct? Or are the rails somehow always active? How does the train actually move and not just get stuck on the strong attractive charge if the rails are constantly on?

I've seen some very simple diagrams that didn't explain well or at all really

submitted by /u/bullish_taco
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