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Tuesday, September 21, 2021

If you had a frictionless rope, would you be able to tie knots in it that would hold? Are there some knots that would hold and others that wouldn't?

If you had a frictionless rope, would you be able to tie knots in it that would hold? Are there some knots that would hold and others that wouldn't?

If you had a frictionless rope, would you be able to tie knots in it that would hold? Are there some knots that would hold and others that wouldn't?

Posted: 20 Sep 2021 04:36 PM PDT

How can supernova remnants become "static" in a region of space?

Posted: 21 Sep 2021 05:37 AM PDT

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Aren't supernovas ultra-hyper-super-powerful explosions? The debris from the explosion was supposed to expand onto a sphere surface at stupidly high speeds. So they should spread across the universe in order to isolate themselves more and more. But apparently our solar system formed in a molecular cloud that contained many heavy elements, which came from supernovae. This cloud, apparently, is analogous to clouds we have on earth, only less dense. It would be "static" in a region of space. But that seems too weird to me. How can this be possible?

submitted by /u/ItsTimeToFinishThis
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How can photons colliding create mass through pair production if they have no mass themself?

Posted: 21 Sep 2021 06:21 AM PDT

I have been reading into pair production and I was wondering where the mass came from. Thank you for your help!

submitted by /u/EmmBarr
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Where did all our nipples go? Did we ever have them at all? How many nipples did our evolutionary ancestors have?

Posted: 20 Sep 2021 06:51 PM PDT

I can't help but notice a lot of mammals have more nipples than we do. I understand that we don't need more nipples because we don't have as many offspring as some animals, but how did that work evolutionarily? Did we come from a common ancestor that had 6 nipples and we lost them along the way? Or did lots of mammals evolve lots of nipples independently?

submitted by /u/mousatouille
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Is local water hardness affected by wet/dry seasons in the area?

Posted: 21 Sep 2021 01:59 AM PDT

Random thing I just thought of. Is the water table in an area diluted enough from rain to make a difference in hardness? Or would it make the water in the ground more likely to take on minerals?

submitted by /u/wowcows
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How are non-comedogenic skin products non-comedogenic?

Posted: 20 Sep 2021 08:46 PM PDT

Non-comedogenic skin products promise not to block your pores. How can a formula containing dozens of different compounds, not all volatile, not block your pores once slathered all over them? They surely can't all be absorbed by the body either, as in many cases (such as in a moisturizer), a long-lasting protective layer is the point itself.

So how can these products accomplish what's promised of them, chemically/mechanically?

submitted by /u/iwilleatit
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Can cancer happen in any organ?

Posted: 20 Sep 2021 12:41 PM PDT

I've never heard of renal cancer or heart cancer or bladder cancer, but is that just because they're incredibly rare?

submitted by /u/acquavaa
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Are most Hypergiant stars already dead?

Posted: 20 Sep 2021 01:43 PM PDT

Got a question are most Hypergiant stars already dead? Due to the fact they only live for millions of years. Or are hypergiants still being created?

Second question is it safe to say most of the visible/ observed Hypergaints we know such as UY Scuti, and Canis Majoris have died now?

Apologies for the stupid question but i was struggerling to find an answer on google for this, as it only pertains to blue giants of the largest type. Most questions similar are around stars in general meaning all sizes which means they can live for billions of years, but mine is only about the hypergiants that are noted to have much shorter lifespans of millions of years. taking into account the distance light has to travel and their relative shorter lives i thought its worth a go asking.

submitted by /u/onyxhaider
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Difference between dendritic cell vaccines and peptide vaccines?

Posted: 20 Sep 2021 09:19 AM PDT

I'm the caregiver for someone on a clinical trial involving dendritic cell vaccine. After doing some research into past trials, I've noticed that the ones with dendritic cell vaccines seem to produce better results than the ones using peptide vaccines (even when the antigen is the same). Is there a reason why this could be the case? Is there any settled science about the difference between the two vaccine approaches?

submitted by /u/moisthanky
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How do guanine nucleotide-binding proteins effect collagen and mast cells?

Posted: 20 Sep 2021 08:30 PM PDT

If the Covid vaccine is approved for kids, would the dosage for a large 11 year old be the same as the one for a small 5 year old?

Posted: 20 Sep 2021 04:01 PM PDT

My understanding is that the kids version of the Covid vaccine would be a much smaller dose than the one adults receive. When I was younger, my doctor told my mother that (despite my age) I could take the full adult dose of ibuprofen because of my height and weight. Do vaccines work the same?

I've worked in schools with sixth graders who looked like they could be in high school. Would a 5 year old get the same dosage as an 11 year old who's 5'4 and 150lbs? They have the mass of an adult, so would they still be given the kids dosage? Would they be more prone to contract Covid as a result?

submitted by /u/righteousndignation
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Are electrons which share the same orbital more likely to be found near or away from each other?

Posted: 20 Sep 2021 07:32 AM PDT

Long non-coding RNAs and open reading frames?

Posted: 20 Sep 2021 01:12 PM PDT

Does anyone know why long non coding RNAs have open reading frames even though they don't code for proteins?

submitted by /u/Zz22zz22
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When a pregnant woman gets vaccinated, does the vaccine make its way into the unborn fetus and build up its immune system in much of the same way as its mother?

Posted: 20 Sep 2021 08:57 AM PDT

Like, I keep hearing stories about how we don't have vaccines for children under twelve yet, at least not until this fall, and even then, for children between the ages of five and twelve. And it's because of that, it makes me think about how any children under the age of five, or even during infancy would be able to get the vaccine themselves. So I'm wondering if unborn infants growing in utero will get vaccinated any time their mother gets vaccinated while pregnant with them.

submitted by /u/Commander_PonyShep
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What is "Mango Tango" in carbon nanotube research?

Posted: 19 Sep 2021 10:05 PM PDT

I have been reading up on the processes around the manufacturing of carbon nano tubes. I've seen separate articles from MIT and Yale referencing a "home-built setup, a.k.a. Mango Tango" for their oxygen dehydrogenation reaction.

What the heck is a Mango Tango setup?

Edit, the articles didn't have any clear references to this setup either.

submitted by /u/Wyattwic
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Monday, September 20, 2021

Can lightning really crack rocks and damage mountains like we see in fiction?

Can lightning really crack rocks and damage mountains like we see in fiction?

Can lightning really crack rocks and damage mountains like we see in fiction?

Posted: 19 Sep 2021 01:18 PM PDT

In fiction we usually see lightning as an incredible force capable of splintering stones, like a TNT charge would. Does this actually happen in nature?

submitted by /u/RedditLloyd
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Re the current volcanic eruption of La Palma, and the earthquakes there, what is the actual likelihood of a landslide and subsequent tsunamis?

Posted: 19 Sep 2021 05:27 PM PDT

Should we be worried?

submitted by /u/SquiddyJohnson
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Has anyone ever proposed a more systematic approach to classifying minerals?

Posted: 20 Sep 2021 07:00 AM PDT

In chemistry we somtimes have convenient, arbitrary names where useful ("water" instead of "dihydrogen monoxide") but always a predictable scientific name that describes what the compound actually is (e.g.: "dihydrogen monoxide" = two hydrogens and one oxygen).

I can't claim to be smart enough to provide a better naming system for minerals, but surely the best possible naming system isn't "we give an arbitrary name to every possible chemical variation in every possible crystal lattice?"

Has anyone ever proposed a more consistent system for identifying minerals? If so, how did their systems work?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/wabalaba1
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A question for volcanologists: what is the difference between a Peléan and Plinian eruption?

Posted: 20 Sep 2021 05:36 AM PDT

From my own research into the question, i understand that Peléan eruptions are characterized by the presence of pyroclastic flows, but don't Plinian eruptions also produce pyroclastic flows as well? Does the height of the ash cloud or eruption column dictate how the eruption is classified?

By this same token, what is the difference between a strombolian and vulcanian eruption?

submitted by /u/Skiracer6
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New geography teacher here: Our textbook says that the inner core of the earth is solid, the outer core liquid, the inner mantle solid, and parts of the outer mantle liquid. How does this happen? Why doesn’t the part of the mantle nearest the core melt more than the outer part?

Posted: 19 Sep 2021 07:39 PM PDT

Geology (and some astronomy) question: Why do we find elements and compounds in veins and generally clumped together in the earth?

Posted: 19 Sep 2021 11:39 AM PDT

Most heavier elements are formed in supernova explosions and float through space as dust until they are coalesced into planets. Does dust of the same element just generally form together and stays close together and so eventually it ends up either clumped up in a single deposit? Or do elements of the same variety have a method of attracting each other in space? Or does the earth have a method of refining these materials where plate tectonics and such make materials of similar masses clump up?

Essentially I am asking how do heavy elements go from dust in space surrounded by tons of different types of dust to a lump of platinum or uranium in the ground?

submitted by /u/Alphabunsquad
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What makes us age at the cellular level?

Posted: 19 Sep 2021 07:56 AM PDT

As far as I understand aging occurrs when cells replicate but do so imperfectly and over time these imperfections add up. To me there has to be more than this as alot of times we age in similar ways as our parents which isn't explained by random imperfections in cell replication over time. As a side question, how does a cell know when it has reached a certain age to trigger a difference (for example how do the relevant cells in our body know we're hitting puberty? )

submitted by /u/thetruedarknight
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Is the ozone hole over Antarctica generally getting smaller or larger?

Posted: 20 Sep 2021 01:29 AM PDT

I am confused as some newspapers are reporting that it has grown larger than Antarctica but I thought that the CFC ban would actually reverse ozone depletion.

submitted by /u/wherz_patil
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What are the odds of myocarditis from the 2nd dose of a mRNA vaccine?

Posted: 19 Sep 2021 12:18 PM PDT

How does heritability work exactly?

Posted: 19 Sep 2021 08:50 AM PDT

Suppose we consider Bipolar disorder. This study cites 89% heritability with 95% confidence. Wikipedia also said bipolar disorder occurs in approximately 1% of the population.

Let's assume A person is diagnosed with BPD. What is the chance that A's child has BPD (not factoring in environmental factors)? Does the 89% heritability mean theres a 89% chance? Or is there a 1% chance? Or is it completely different? could someone please explain what heritability is? The Wikipedia page was surprisingly too complicated for me to understand.

I think its probably possible to find an answer to this question by reading a few more studies, but I think it would be better if someone could dumb it down for me. Sorry for the inconvenience and thank you in advance.

submitted by /u/Netherquark
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Is the heat capacity of a molecule directly related to its possible quantum states?

Posted: 19 Sep 2021 05:06 PM PDT

If a plant grows larger every year, but with approximately the same amount of sunlight, how do the larger versions of the plant get enough energy during darker times of year?

Posted: 19 Sep 2021 01:45 AM PDT

Is it surplus energy stored in the the tree from sunnier times that allow the plant to perform maintenance and survive in the darker times? Or is it perhaps a dormancy in darker times that uses just enough energy to survive no matter how large the plant is?

submitted by /u/creative1love
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How do surgeons remove an entire tumor without leaving microscopic pieces/cells which can cause a relapse?

Posted: 18 Sep 2021 03:13 PM PDT
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Sunday, September 19, 2021

Is the uncertainty principle basically because at that level, to measure the system you have to interfere with the system somehow?

Is the uncertainty principle basically because at that level, to measure the system you have to interfere with the system somehow?

Is the uncertainty principle basically because at that level, to measure the system you have to interfere with the system somehow?

Posted: 19 Sep 2021 04:13 AM PDT

Basically my question boils down to the fact that to me at least it seems to intuitively make sense that the quantum scale makes measurement hard but I don't see many people talk about it like this and I'm wondering if I've managed to get the wrong end of the stick.

Like if I want to measure a javelin in flight I can use video. There are a crap ton of photons bouncing off it all the time that allow me to see where it is, I record these over multiple frames and bam I've got both where it is and where it is going, easy.

Now if we try that same thing again where I'm trying to measure a photon in flight, well now if I was in a well lit stadium like for the javelin, it would seem to me at least to be a bit like trying to measure a snooker ball with another snooker ball with billions of other snooker balls flying around.

Suddenly when you think about it like that then the idea that if I carefully created a lattice of photons with a corresponding detector then if one of the corresponding detectors didn't end up receiving its photon we could say hey I know it was there but seeing as I've blasted it with another photon, I have no clue where it is now.

Given this complexity (if I've even got it half right) it seems to me at least like most explanations of quantum experiments at least at the undergrad level don't really talk about the mechanics of measurement or observation and so it all sounds a lot more spooky and without those bits of info it's harder for people to reason about. Like the uncertainty principle sounds crazy until you start thinking that the only way to measure is to collide.

Now I realise that even the term collide is potentially a massive over simplification of the interaction of forces at the particle level but I hope it conveys what I see as the problem.

So yeah I had what felt like a flash of insight into what all the the uncertainty principle was explaining but then it seems weird that we just talk about experiments in simplified terms like observation, wave function collapse and kind of avoid talking about what they even mean by that and how they accomplish that. I mean I get that the maths behind quantum mechanics explains what we observe but I mean more about the experimental methods we use to confirm the maths and how we observe the quantum level from a macro level.

So the crux of the question is twofold:

  1. Is the uncertainty principle basically because at that level, to measure the system you have to interfere with the system somehow?

  2. If that is correct, then it seems like the way we are taught about the experimental proof is very light on how we interfere with quantum scale stuff to try and measure them and I'd love pointers to good science explainer that go into a good level of detail on this

Thanks!

submitted by /u/_DarthBob_
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Is the physiological process of falling asleep due to boredom the same as falling asleep due to tiredness?

Posted: 18 Sep 2021 08:29 AM PDT

Does the abundance of plants that have embryonic leaves mean that plants (dicotyledons especially) have inherited this trait from a common ancestor? or is this likely convergent evolution?

Posted: 18 Sep 2021 08:42 AM PDT

Thanks in advance for your time :)

submitted by /u/Beryllium_Nitrogen
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Any update on theories on how will universe end?

Posted: 19 Sep 2021 01:52 AM PDT

In an "askreddit" thread on what will happen after death, someone did post an insightful quote on how our atoms will be here forever, and this leads me to reflect on the few theories I did read here and around the internet on the end of the Universe, mostly about the so called "heat death".

When looking around in this sub, I did realize that the few threads on the matter are few years old, and I was wondering if more recent studies did change our perspective, or maybe made more solid one of the few theories.

Thanks for any reply.

submitted by /u/w00dblad3
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Is every star part of a galaxy?

Posted: 18 Sep 2021 03:47 PM PDT

Since vacuum cleaners operate by creating a pressure differential between the atmospheric pressure and the internal pressure. Does that mean vacuum cleaners operate less efficiently at higher altitudes?

Posted: 18 Sep 2021 11:47 AM PDT

Why does fuel not burn below or above a certain fuel-air ratio? If you keep reducing the ratio of fuel to air, at a certain point it will no longer combust. The same thing happens if you increase the fuel too much without adding any more air - it will eventually stop combusting. WHY?

Posted: 18 Sep 2021 11:52 PM PDT

for example, for hydrogen gas, it's wikipedia states that it combusts with air when it's between 4% H2 in air, and 75% H2 in air. Higher or lower, and it no longer burns. I don't understand why there wouldn't' at least be incomplete/partial combustion.

submitted by /u/JustYourLocalDude
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Why does diesel fuel use compression ignition and why do diesel engines have such low RPMs?

Posted: 18 Sep 2021 11:47 AM PDT

I should clarify that I am aware of how engines work in general (intake, compression, ignition, exhaust etc). I don't need an explanation as to how an engine actually fires. I want to know what the properties of diesel are that allow it to use compression ignition instead of spark ignition. Why do the engines have such low RPMs? What is it about diesel that allows for it to create so much torque at such low speeds?

submitted by /u/Slim_Thicc_Jesus
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Is there any science behind Psychometrics for filtering job candidates?

Posted: 18 Sep 2021 06:03 AM PDT

Psychometrics are the new biggest craze in the hiring process nowadays. They claim they can understand how you fit into the work culture and organization by assessing your "leadership", "emotional intelligence", "communication", "problem solving", and etc all through mini games.

Is there any actual data or substantive research supporting these claims?

submitted by /u/donutoffthefloor
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How is a (returning) flu season impacting a Delta coronavirus wave in a given country?

Posted: 18 Sep 2021 12:54 PM PDT

What are the implications if it comes sooner than the wave? What if during the wave?

submitted by /u/seoreswandor
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On USGS DYFI maps, how plausible is it that people are feeling M4.3 earthquakes almost a thousand miles away?

Posted: 18 Sep 2021 06:54 AM PDT

Often times I'll be looking at an earthquake report and reading the Did You Feel It responses. For the M4.3 earthquake in LA last night, some people report feeling it in Santa Rosa, or even in Salt Lake City, which are all 400-600* miles away. Is this plausible scientifically?

submitted by /u/LittleBitGhengisKhan
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why did we need 5 petabytes of data to take an image of a black hole?

Posted: 17 Sep 2021 10:27 PM PDT

What's under Antarctica? is there water under it? on top of that the if the ice melts will it relase preserved ancient species?

Posted: 17 Sep 2021 07:32 PM PDT

If wee breathe steamy air, do those water accumulate in lung?

Posted: 18 Sep 2021 01:35 AM PDT

Guilin Karst is a famous example of limestone mountains. Do limestone mountains occur elsewhere in the world? If not, why not?

Posted: 17 Sep 2021 08:17 PM PDT

Google says that limestone occurs under marine water, but I've never heard of limestone mountains anywhere else? Am I misunderstanding?

submitted by /u/SleepyinStardew
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Saturday, September 18, 2021

Is petrified and fossilized the same thing?

Is petrified and fossilized the same thing?

Is petrified and fossilized the same thing?

Posted: 17 Sep 2021 01:42 PM PDT

If not how do they differ?

submitted by /u/Fuhk_Yoo
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Why is high blood pressure considered a bad thing? Wouldn't a higher pressure make it less likely for cholesterol particles to stick to the walls of your arteries?

Posted: 17 Sep 2021 01:37 PM PDT

High blood pressure is usually associated with heart attacks but I don't understand why. Wouldn't a pipe with high pressure be cleaner?

Is high blood pressure a cause or a symptom of heart failure? i.e. is it not the blood pressure that is the problem, but the implication that higher blood pressure means their is a constriction somewhere in the artery?

submitted by /u/Lemonandapples
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Can we use viruses to genetically modify organisms?

Posted: 18 Sep 2021 12:08 AM PDT

From what I understand, viruses add to the dna of a cell to make it into a virus factory. But if we replaced the bit of dna a virus carries, could that allow for genetic modification?

submitted by /u/Garper_
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Are there any common viruses that would be deadly like Covid if novel but aren't because we've all had them multiple times while young and healthy?

Posted: 17 Sep 2021 08:06 PM PDT

Why Don't mRNA Vaccines' Lipid Nanoparticles Need Surface Proteins?

Posted: 17 Sep 2021 10:52 AM PDT

The mRNA vaccines are delivered via an LNP to encapsulate and protect the RNA so that it can be absorbed into cells to produce spike proteins. Yet viruses need glycoproteins to attach to the cell in order to inject their genetic material. If that's the case, why haven't viruses evolved to work the same way, and simply work via a simple lipid membrane? Why do viruses go through all the extra complexity of targetting specific cell receptors?

submitted by /u/Kent767
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Are you more or less likely to die having Covid-19 more than once?

Posted: 17 Sep 2021 05:20 PM PDT

I was curious if people are more/less likely to die having Covid-19 two, three, ect times.

submitted by /u/LetMeHelpGiveAdvice
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Can acceleration be felt in water?

Posted: 17 Sep 2021 02:01 PM PDT

I was wondering how the sensation of acceleration is felt when submerged in water. In general, it seems that while diving, gravity is not felt, which is why astronaut train for space walks under water. As a scuba diver, I know first hand that it feels like flying when diving under water. But this is when water stands still and acceleration equals gravity at 1g. Now I think it gets more interesting what happens when the water accelerates while one is diving in it. In the ocean the pressure rises by 1 bar every 10m which is linked to the 1g gravity (no gravity = no pressure if the water above you, on fact there wouldn't even be an above). So when we assume the total acceleration on the water container and diver is 2g, my assumption would be that the water pressure rises twice as fast when diving down, so 2 bar after 10m depth. But would the feeling of weightlessness still persist? The reason I ask is, could a micro water tank, basically a space suit filled with water, be used to nullify (or greatly reduce) the effect of the acceleration of a rocket launch? Would it be translated into pressure? Could this be used to make launches easier to support by untrained humans? Thanks for any insights.

submitted by /u/Cheap-Candidate-3269
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How big a role do flies play as pollinators?

Posted: 16 Sep 2021 11:59 AM PDT

I have a small garden to grow culinary herbs, and one of the unexpected pleasures it provides is watching the insect activity. Particularly with the mint, several kinds of bees, wasps, and hornets visit regularly. Far and away more prevalent though are flies crawling around the blossoms, which leads to the title question.

submitted by /u/netcharge0
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A giant asteroid hit Jupiter on Monday. Do the giant planets help protect Earth?

Posted: 16 Sep 2021 09:48 AM PDT

What I'm asking is if having massive these gravitational wells between us and deep space helps to collect asteroids that would have reached earths solar orbit and potentially fall into our planet? It seems obvious, but I'm sure there is more to it.

submitted by /u/BargleFlargen
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