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Tuesday, September 7, 2021

What is the Infection Fatality Rate from COVID 19 if you are fully vaccinated?

What is the Infection Fatality Rate from COVID 19 if you are fully vaccinated?

What is the Infection Fatality Rate from COVID 19 if you are fully vaccinated?

Posted: 07 Sep 2021 03:07 AM PDT

Near the start of the pandemic I read vitamin D that deficiencies might be linked to (worse) cases of COVID-19. But nothing lately, what is the scientific staus on this?

Posted: 07 Sep 2021 04:45 AM PDT

Why is laser light monochromatic?

Posted: 07 Sep 2021 12:11 AM PDT

The common explanation for this is that the electron moves from one orbital to another and the light emitted is given by the E=hf. However, since an electrons position are 'vague', ie. defined by a probability, how come the emitted light doesn't demonstrate a small variation in the wavelength? (Or does it?!)

submitted by /u/lewildbeast
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Is it possible for fossils to be found in metamorphic rock?

Posted: 06 Sep 2021 07:58 AM PDT

Been reading magic school bus with my son, this question came to mind. If fossils form in sedimentary rock, and then that rock becomes metamorphic rock, can the fossil survive that process?

submitted by /u/TheGreatOz2014
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Dolphins use echolocation to visualize objects around them, and are able to make a wide variety of sounds. Can they reproduce the echo or sound image of an object in order to communicate it to other dolphins?

Posted: 06 Sep 2021 11:02 AM PDT

For example, to say the word "fish", could they reproduce the sound image (or a simplified version) of a fish?

submitted by /u/frozenburger
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To what extent does using plastic cooking implements (both spatulas, spoons etc and Teflon pans) increase dietary exposure to microplastics?

Posted: 07 Sep 2021 06:06 AM PDT

Why is bacteria phagotherapy not widely used to combat serious bacteria resistant infections?

Posted: 06 Sep 2021 04:34 PM PDT

Have a family member struggling for months with a super-resistent bacteria and the only would be solution (phago therapy) is not available anywhere it seems.

submitted by /u/dbcid
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Why is there discrete states of matter, as opposed to a continuous “spectrum” of matter?

Posted: 06 Sep 2021 02:50 PM PDT

Why does matter go through discrete phases of solid → liquid → gas, rather than a continuous change going through a "buttery" or "syrup"-esque phase?

submitted by /u/Farkle_Griffen
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Are hemp plastics structurally distinct from petroleum-based plastics?

Posted: 06 Sep 2021 02:41 PM PDT

A friend the other day tried to tell me that hemp-based plastics are superior because they're biodegradable, but I don't know that I believe that. After all, it is still plastic... right?

submitted by /u/roosterkun
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What causes heat waves?

Posted: 07 Sep 2021 06:00 AM PDT

Are there any ongoing trials utilizing sPLA2-IIA inhibitors with regards to covid19 infection?

Posted: 07 Sep 2021 03:41 AM PDT

Is it true that schizophrenia is really dozens of different diseases? If so, what are they?

Posted: 06 Sep 2021 01:37 PM PDT

When looking at the Milky Way, are you looking deeper onto the Milky Way or out of the Milky Way?

Posted: 06 Sep 2021 05:07 PM PDT

As the earth warms, shouldn’t rainfall increase?

Posted: 06 Sep 2021 07:22 PM PDT

It seems like a lot of areas are experiencing record drought levels. I find this curious because evaporation of the oceans should increase as the planet warms right?

submitted by /u/Dirtyharry42
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Why is emission of a helium nucleus such a common form of nuclear decay?

Posted: 06 Sep 2021 09:11 PM PDT

Wondering why alpha decay of all things is a helium nucleus, why could it not be say a deuterium nucleus or a lithium nucleus. What is so special about helium-4 which makes it the most common kind of decay particle?

submitted by /u/yalloc
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Are there organisms with multiple brains?

Posted: 06 Sep 2021 08:46 AM PDT

I am excluding symbiotic units for this question. And I'm also specifying only brains grown through cell differentiation, not through the assimilation of a foreign organism.

And, if they exist, what are they?

Thanks.

submitted by /u/yutani333
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How much DNA is conserved among all the great apes and how is it calculated?

Posted: 07 Sep 2021 12:23 AM PDT

what is the tallest habitable building to have been brought down as a direct result of an earthquake?

Posted: 06 Sep 2021 11:34 PM PDT

I'm not sure this is the best subreddit for this question, so feel free to direct me to a better one.

I've tried searching for this information along various keywords, without much success.

I'm imagine there would be at least 3 categories of "brought down":

  1. Complete or near complete collapse of the building as a direct result of an earthquake. Very little demolition would be required in this case as the earthquake would have done most of the "work".
  2. Significant or partial collapse of the building, rendering it unfit for habitation, and therefore subject to demolition, as a direct result of an earthquake.
  3. Other significant structural damage, rendering it unfit for habitation, and therefore subject to demolition, as a direct result of an earthquake.
submitted by /u/ZippyDan
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What happened to wildfires and forest fires before humans developed firefighting techniques? Did they all eventually run out of things to burn? If not, how else could they end?

Posted: 06 Sep 2021 10:13 AM PDT

Whatever happened to the theory that you could catch covid-19 via your eyes?

Posted: 06 Sep 2021 01:02 PM PDT

I recall a Dr. in 2020 theorized that's how he got it.

submitted by /u/Throwitout6793
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Monday, September 6, 2021

Can the coronavirus mutate to be LESS transmissible ?

Can the coronavirus mutate to be LESS transmissible ?

Can the coronavirus mutate to be LESS transmissible ?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 05:12 PM PDT

It seems like with every variant it gets more transmissible, is it possible to go the other way around ?

submitted by /u/PleaseNeverLetMeGo
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Would radioactive antimatter have anti-radiation?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 04:36 AM PDT

Since we're able to make antimatter of various elements, if we made antimatter of a radioactive element, how would what it radiates differ from normal radioactive material?

submitted by /u/securitywyrm
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Why does the Hawaiian islands magma hot spot stay put as the crust moves over it?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 04:57 PM PDT

Ive always heard that the Hawaiian islands were formed from a hot spot in the mantle that pushes magma through the crust. The pacific plate then moves over that and a chain of islands is born.

But it can't be that simple. The mantle is liquid churning magma, so what makes the mantles weather under Hawaii consistently hotter than average for millions of years?

Why is this so consistent over such a huge time scale?

submitted by /u/SqueegyX
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How often do new craters appear on the moon?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 02:31 AM PDT

What gives rubbing alcohol (isopropyl) or any substance a germicide property?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 10:15 PM PDT

Why do we use them (and hydrogen peroxide) to clean wounds or disinfect/ sanitize things?

submitted by /u/luke39011
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Before humans learnt how to use fire, were there any periods in which no wild fires burned on Earth for years on end?

Posted: 06 Sep 2021 01:42 AM PDT

Have been told that the mRNA vaccine leaves the body completely after two weeks (leaving antibodies). My question is, where does it go? Do you pee it out and it ends up in the water supply? Just curious.

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 06:28 PM PDT

Why does one die rolled have an equal probability of any number landing, but 2 dice rolled have 7 as the most probable number?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 08:59 PM PDT

and the probabilities shrink in a bell curve pattern as you go away from 7.

submitted by /u/richmoney46
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Smallpox is officially eradicated, and IIRC, even the lab samples have now been destroyed. Are we "getting close" with anything else -- specifically, polio and tuberculosis?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 09:01 AM PDT

I can't recall the last time I heard about a case of polio; and I'd say the same about TB but there are adverts on TV that warn about TB as a side effect -- which is a completely separate question.

I also know that malaria programs are making good progress, but they're a long way from "eradication in the wild".

Thanks!

submitted by /u/DeeDee_Z
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Does getting 2nd dose COVID vaccine on the opposite arm from first dose result in better/worse immune response?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 04:48 PM PDT

How does water evaporate, even at room temperature?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 08:24 PM PDT

Rabies test - false negative?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 10:01 AM PDT

Greetings. I have some general questions about fluorescent antibody tests and rabies.

Is it possible to get a false negative result from such a test? I read online that the rabies virus is very susceptible to temperature. How long in a deceased host can the virus survive? Does temperature affect this?

Is it possible for the brain tissue of the host to be viable to test but for the rabies virus to be destroyed due to temperature - resulting in a false negative result?

Thank

submitted by /u/JTPforever
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How exactly does graphene make concrete/any material stronger?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 08:48 PM PDT

I have little to no knowledge of materials science/engineering but from normal graphene, it seems that it's structure gives it its strength. However through whatever method graphene is being mixed with concrete or any other materials, how is that making the materials stronger? Do the graphene form special bonds in the material or something?

submitted by /u/Whackamoley109
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how much does the isotropic expansion and contraction of the Earth change the radius?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 02:36 AM PDT

A video I recently watched casually states that the Earth expands and contracts on a 20.5 minute cycle and I had some trouble finding anything on this myself. I'd love to hear the physics behind this and I am most curious about how much the size of the Earth changes during these cycles.

submitted by /u/CriticalsConsensus
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How efficient are modern steam turbines compared to triple expansion steam engines of the 1890s?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 02:35 PM PDT

Specifically those related to steamships, if at all possible.

submitted by /u/cityracer
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Why do all celestial bodies have some degree of spin/rotation to them?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 01:02 AM PDT

As far as i understand everything in the universe is spinning. Why isnt anything rotationless? Does the universe itself have some kind of spin to it as far as we can tell?

submitted by /u/MarqoTheDragon
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How do ISS and space agencies protect against cosmic rays ?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 10:11 PM PDT

Hello, I recently watched Veritasium video about cosmic rays and the fact they can induce bits flipping inside electronic chipset.

I also understood that this more susceptible to happen the closer you're to space, because you're not as well protected by earth's atmosphere.

I would like to know if there are some technology built-in ISS or spaceships to prevent these cosmic rays to alter astronaut DNA or binary string in electronics.

Thank you

submitted by /u/MasamuShipu
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Did plastics exist in the universe before we created them?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 04:43 PM PDT

Did molecules conventionally known as plastics such as polyamide, polyethylene, etc exist in the universe before they were synthesized by humans? Which ones did and which ones didn't?
It's just cool to think that an entirely new material that has supposedly never existed before was just created by some human.

submitted by /u/theoptimisticnpc
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Are Primer lengths significant for SARS-COV2 PCR tests?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 02:19 PM PDT

Physiologically, how are memories stored?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 10:54 AM PDT

This may be a stupid question, but what's the biomolecular basis of memory storage? Like if SSDs store bits with nand gates that retain their charge, what is it that the brain "stores" to reference for memory recall? Also how are these molecules/whatever they are able to retrigger old stimuli?

submitted by /u/skepticalemur
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Sunday, September 5, 2021

Where does the CO2 absorbed by trees end up?

Where does the CO2 absorbed by trees end up?

Where does the CO2 absorbed by trees end up?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 10:26 AM PDT

What is the final destination of the CO2 captured by trees? Their bodies? If that, is it released back into the atmosphere if the woods happen to burn down?

submitted by /u/alf2580
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Does an initial infection contain a genetically diverse set of viral particles?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 09:22 AM PDT

Variants have obviously been in the news a lot recently due to COVID, and I'm hoping to understand viral evolution a little better.

Although people usually think of viral infection as if someone is infected with a single variant, and then if their virus experiences a mutation, the next person they infect will have that mutation as well.

I imagine though, that since a mutation would happen in a single viral particle, and that particle's host must have millions of other particles without that mutation, it must take a while for that mutated genome to outcompete its parent genome even just within a host.
Or, I'd imagine it has to spread through several hosts before it is even able to become the dominant viral genome inside a single person?

Am I understanding that wrong?
And if I'm understanding it correctly, then shouldn't any sublineage that is identified to be dominant within even just one host be considered to have outcompeted the parent lineage (at least within a host)?

submitted by /u/Asinick
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Do people with photographic memory remember their entire dream ?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 08:47 AM PDT

Does the Covid- (and other disease) induced loss of smell cause Olfactory Hallucinations to disappear as well?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 08:59 AM PDT

High earth orbit winds, do they change direction or are there places on earth these are relatively constant?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 09:16 AM PDT

I assume around the equator their mixed, and also maybe near mt. Everest, but are their areas on the globe the winds are constant in direction and speed?

submitted by /u/liver_stream
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What do we do with sinkholes? How are they covered (are they?) and are they safe to walk (drive, live...) over, once covered? Don't the holes continue to grow?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 12:33 AM PDT

Can you tell the diet of an animal by looking at its muscle and fat tissue?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 09:00 AM PDT

So yeah, I'd really like to know to what degree the diet of an animal is mirrored in its tissue and if we can more or less reconstruct what's being eaten just by looking at the composition of muscle and fat tissue?

edit: the main trigger for this question has been steven gundry's plant paradox book, where he states that grain fed chicken will inevitably contain grain residue. But he gives no source for this statement. So I wondered if it's really possible to look at chicken meat and say "yep, this fella definitely ate soy/corn/wheat/whatever"

submitted by /u/Jeggster
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What are the largest local land animals of the Philippines?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 03:55 AM PDT

What conditions are necessary for temperate evergreen broadleaf forests?

Posted: 03 Sep 2021 02:38 PM PDT

In some temperate and subtropical areas like Southern China, Southern Japan, the Azores, and New Zealand, it's common to have broadleaf forests that never lose their leaves. I think that they are also nicknamed "laurel forests". I know that a region has to have mild winters and abundant rainfall for these forests to occur, but exactly how mild? The Southern US has a very similar climate to Southern China but Southern US forests are deciduous! Are there any more factors that contribute to their occurence?

submitted by /u/slimygirls
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Saturday, September 4, 2021

Why is Theobromine toxicity a significant risk to dogs but not cats?

Why is Theobromine toxicity a significant risk to dogs but not cats?

Why is Theobromine toxicity a significant risk to dogs but not cats?

Posted: 03 Sep 2021 10:02 PM PDT

Edit: wow I posted this and fell asleep, I didn't expect so many responses! Thank you to everyone who replied!

submitted by /u/Spirited_Cell_3344
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Just how common are binary star systems?

Posted: 03 Sep 2021 06:46 PM PDT

Question is simple: how common are binary (or trinary, or quartenary, etc) star systems in comparison to single stars like our Sun? You'd think this would be an easy question to Google, but the results are inconclusive. Some sources say up to 85% of stars are part of a binary+ system, while others say that the majority of stars are single. Just what's the deal?

submitted by /u/StandsForVice
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Is there a way to determine if the precision of two datasets is significantly different?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 08:25 AM PDT

When I am injecting sample using a 1 mL syringe,over ten injections my volume is 0.999 mL +- 0.012 mL. When my coworker does the same, her volume is 0.999 mL +- 0.026 mL. Is there a way to quantitatively determine if that difference in standard deviation is itself significant? (I want to determine if that difference is due to natural variation or whether it is due to a systematic issue with her technique). Thanks.

submitted by /u/akkon888
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What is the correlation between general public satisfaction and the salary of high-level government employees in said country?

Posted: 03 Sep 2021 08:05 PM PDT

What are some of the problems modern neuropsychological testing faces when it comes to cultural diversity?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 07:53 AM PDT

Recent references welcome 😊

submitted by /u/trumpsaltereg0
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When meteorologist say something is a "100 year flood" or "500 year storm", does the math they use to calculate this account for climate change?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 07:01 AM PDT

Is a weakening AMOC expected to make El Niños stronger and more frequent?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 12:57 AM PDT

I've been seen a lot about how weakening AMOC will likely increase wind speeds, extreme weather events in the Atlantic, cool off Europe and parts of North America, raise Eastern US sea levels, and affect the monsoons in the Indian Ocean.

But what about the east Pacific? What about the Western US and Central America?

My naive expectation is that a weak AMOC means sluggish currents in the Pacific as well which means warmer equatorial waters, and wetter winters in the American West. But I'm naive and probably grossly wrong.

submitted by /u/LurkerFailsLurking
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How is water pressure maintained to the top floors of buildings taller than municipal water towers?

Posted: 03 Sep 2021 09:42 AM PDT

When does an unborn baby have a functional heart and heartbeat?

Posted: 03 Sep 2021 07:17 PM PDT

Let me be very clear: this is NOT supposed to be political. But in light of Texas' SB8, I saw an argument that the law referenced "fetal heartbeat", whereas at six weeks of pregnancy a baby's detected pulse is just electrical signals, not contractions of a heart. This argument continued to say that at six weeks, any "beat" detected is artificially propagated by technology, whereas an actual heartbeat can be heard without any propagation. So I'm wondering, at what point can a baby be said to have actual heartbeats caused by cardiac contractions? Is this a subjective question open to different interpretations?

submitted by /u/chocoloholic
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What are the current major challenges for developing an Alzheimers treatment based on amyloid inhibiting drugs?

Posted: 03 Sep 2021 06:21 PM PDT

This is a naive question. I was wondering if anyone could shed some light on it or point me to relevant articles/videos that speaks to this.

Since I presume a amyloid inhibition treatment is far from a novel idea, I was wondering what are the current the challenges with this approach. E.g. how many of these are valid statements? what other high level problems are there?

  • It is largely unknown what regulates amyloid production,
  • It is known that many separate processes produce amyloids, making inhibition a large scale problem,
  • Insufficient knowledge to design something that inhibits amyloids without affecting other biochemical processes,
  • No evidence that inhibting amyloids itself prevents/treats alzheimers

Thanks!

submitted by /u/dumbfrycook
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What does the Higgs Boson image mean?

Posted: 03 Sep 2021 08:48 AM PDT

I got a t-shirt of a higgs boson (this image) and i don't know what it means. I watched videos explaining the higgs field, so i know what a higgs boson is, but do not know how the image relates to it.

submitted by /u/Scaldac
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The CDC says about 80% of people infected with West Nile virus have no symptoms. How do we know the number of people who caught it and never had symptoms?

Posted: 03 Sep 2021 10:50 AM PDT

Is there experimental evidence that fully isolated viruses and bacteria cause illness?

Posted: 03 Sep 2021 03:04 PM PDT

Is anyone aware of a large, or decent size study where a completely isolated virus or bacteria (as in, no other substances or contaminants) are sprayed, injected, or otherwise inserted into a healthy subject and it reliably causes a disease with consistent symptoms?

submitted by /u/Badook777
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