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Monday, September 6, 2021

Can the coronavirus mutate to be LESS transmissible ?

Can the coronavirus mutate to be LESS transmissible ?


Can the coronavirus mutate to be LESS transmissible ?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 05:12 PM PDT

It seems like with every variant it gets more transmissible, is it possible to go the other way around ?

submitted by /u/PleaseNeverLetMeGo
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Would radioactive antimatter have anti-radiation?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 04:36 AM PDT

Since we're able to make antimatter of various elements, if we made antimatter of a radioactive element, how would what it radiates differ from normal radioactive material?

submitted by /u/securitywyrm
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Why does the Hawaiian islands magma hot spot stay put as the crust moves over it?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 04:57 PM PDT

Ive always heard that the Hawaiian islands were formed from a hot spot in the mantle that pushes magma through the crust. The pacific plate then moves over that and a chain of islands is born.

But it can't be that simple. The mantle is liquid churning magma, so what makes the mantles weather under Hawaii consistently hotter than average for millions of years?

Why is this so consistent over such a huge time scale?

submitted by /u/SqueegyX
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How often do new craters appear on the moon?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 02:31 AM PDT

What gives rubbing alcohol (isopropyl) or any substance a germicide property?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 10:15 PM PDT

Why do we use them (and hydrogen peroxide) to clean wounds or disinfect/ sanitize things?

submitted by /u/luke39011
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Before humans learnt how to use fire, were there any periods in which no wild fires burned on Earth for years on end?

Posted: 06 Sep 2021 01:42 AM PDT

Have been told that the mRNA vaccine leaves the body completely after two weeks (leaving antibodies). My question is, where does it go? Do you pee it out and it ends up in the water supply? Just curious.

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 06:28 PM PDT

Why does one die rolled have an equal probability of any number landing, but 2 dice rolled have 7 as the most probable number?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 08:59 PM PDT

and the probabilities shrink in a bell curve pattern as you go away from 7.

submitted by /u/richmoney46
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Smallpox is officially eradicated, and IIRC, even the lab samples have now been destroyed. Are we "getting close" with anything else -- specifically, polio and tuberculosis?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 09:01 AM PDT

I can't recall the last time I heard about a case of polio; and I'd say the same about TB but there are adverts on TV that warn about TB as a side effect -- which is a completely separate question.

I also know that malaria programs are making good progress, but they're a long way from "eradication in the wild".

Thanks!

submitted by /u/DeeDee_Z
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Does getting 2nd dose COVID vaccine on the opposite arm from first dose result in better/worse immune response?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 04:48 PM PDT

How does water evaporate, even at room temperature?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 08:24 PM PDT

Rabies test - false negative?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 10:01 AM PDT

Greetings. I have some general questions about fluorescent antibody tests and rabies.

Is it possible to get a false negative result from such a test? I read online that the rabies virus is very susceptible to temperature. How long in a deceased host can the virus survive? Does temperature affect this?

Is it possible for the brain tissue of the host to be viable to test but for the rabies virus to be destroyed due to temperature - resulting in a false negative result?

Thank

submitted by /u/JTPforever
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How exactly does graphene make concrete/any material stronger?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 08:48 PM PDT

I have little to no knowledge of materials science/engineering but from normal graphene, it seems that it's structure gives it its strength. However through whatever method graphene is being mixed with concrete or any other materials, how is that making the materials stronger? Do the graphene form special bonds in the material or something?

submitted by /u/Whackamoley109
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how much does the isotropic expansion and contraction of the Earth change the radius?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 02:36 AM PDT

A video I recently watched casually states that the Earth expands and contracts on a 20.5 minute cycle and I had some trouble finding anything on this myself. I'd love to hear the physics behind this and I am most curious about how much the size of the Earth changes during these cycles.

submitted by /u/CriticalsConsensus
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How efficient are modern steam turbines compared to triple expansion steam engines of the 1890s?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 02:35 PM PDT

Specifically those related to steamships, if at all possible.

submitted by /u/cityracer
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Why do all celestial bodies have some degree of spin/rotation to them?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 01:02 AM PDT

As far as i understand everything in the universe is spinning. Why isnt anything rotationless? Does the universe itself have some kind of spin to it as far as we can tell?

submitted by /u/MarqoTheDragon
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How do ISS and space agencies protect against cosmic rays ?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 10:11 PM PDT

Hello, I recently watched Veritasium video about cosmic rays and the fact they can induce bits flipping inside electronic chipset.

I also understood that this more susceptible to happen the closer you're to space, because you're not as well protected by earth's atmosphere.

I would like to know if there are some technology built-in ISS or spaceships to prevent these cosmic rays to alter astronaut DNA or binary string in electronics.

Thank you

submitted by /u/MasamuShipu
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Did plastics exist in the universe before we created them?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 04:43 PM PDT

Did molecules conventionally known as plastics such as polyamide, polyethylene, etc exist in the universe before they were synthesized by humans? Which ones did and which ones didn't?
It's just cool to think that an entirely new material that has supposedly never existed before was just created by some human.

submitted by /u/theoptimisticnpc
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Are Primer lengths significant for SARS-COV2 PCR tests?

Posted: 05 Sep 2021 02:19 PM PDT

Physiologically, how are memories stored?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 10:54 AM PDT

This may be a stupid question, but what's the biomolecular basis of memory storage? Like if SSDs store bits with nand gates that retain their charge, what is it that the brain "stores" to reference for memory recall? Also how are these molecules/whatever they are able to retrigger old stimuli?

submitted by /u/skepticalemur
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Sunday, September 5, 2021

Where does the CO2 absorbed by trees end up?

Where does the CO2 absorbed by trees end up?


Where does the CO2 absorbed by trees end up?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 10:26 AM PDT

What is the final destination of the CO2 captured by trees? Their bodies? If that, is it released back into the atmosphere if the woods happen to burn down?

submitted by /u/alf2580
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Does an initial infection contain a genetically diverse set of viral particles?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 09:22 AM PDT

Variants have obviously been in the news a lot recently due to COVID, and I'm hoping to understand viral evolution a little better.

Although people usually think of viral infection as if someone is infected with a single variant, and then if their virus experiences a mutation, the next person they infect will have that mutation as well.

I imagine though, that since a mutation would happen in a single viral particle, and that particle's host must have millions of other particles without that mutation, it must take a while for that mutated genome to outcompete its parent genome even just within a host.
Or, I'd imagine it has to spread through several hosts before it is even able to become the dominant viral genome inside a single person?

Am I understanding that wrong?
And if I'm understanding it correctly, then shouldn't any sublineage that is identified to be dominant within even just one host be considered to have outcompeted the parent lineage (at least within a host)?

submitted by /u/Asinick
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Do people with photographic memory remember their entire dream ?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 08:47 AM PDT

Does the Covid- (and other disease) induced loss of smell cause Olfactory Hallucinations to disappear as well?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 08:59 AM PDT

High earth orbit winds, do they change direction or are there places on earth these are relatively constant?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 09:16 AM PDT

I assume around the equator their mixed, and also maybe near mt. Everest, but are their areas on the globe the winds are constant in direction and speed?

submitted by /u/liver_stream
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What do we do with sinkholes? How are they covered (are they?) and are they safe to walk (drive, live...) over, once covered? Don't the holes continue to grow?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 12:33 AM PDT

Can you tell the diet of an animal by looking at its muscle and fat tissue?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 09:00 AM PDT

So yeah, I'd really like to know to what degree the diet of an animal is mirrored in its tissue and if we can more or less reconstruct what's being eaten just by looking at the composition of muscle and fat tissue?

edit: the main trigger for this question has been steven gundry's plant paradox book, where he states that grain fed chicken will inevitably contain grain residue. But he gives no source for this statement. So I wondered if it's really possible to look at chicken meat and say "yep, this fella definitely ate soy/corn/wheat/whatever"

submitted by /u/Jeggster
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What are the largest local land animals of the Philippines?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 03:55 AM PDT

What conditions are necessary for temperate evergreen broadleaf forests?

Posted: 03 Sep 2021 02:38 PM PDT

In some temperate and subtropical areas like Southern China, Southern Japan, the Azores, and New Zealand, it's common to have broadleaf forests that never lose their leaves. I think that they are also nicknamed "laurel forests". I know that a region has to have mild winters and abundant rainfall for these forests to occur, but exactly how mild? The Southern US has a very similar climate to Southern China but Southern US forests are deciduous! Are there any more factors that contribute to their occurence?

submitted by /u/slimygirls
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Saturday, September 4, 2021

Why is Theobromine toxicity a significant risk to dogs but not cats?

Why is Theobromine toxicity a significant risk to dogs but not cats?


Why is Theobromine toxicity a significant risk to dogs but not cats?

Posted: 03 Sep 2021 10:02 PM PDT

Edit: wow I posted this and fell asleep, I didn't expect so many responses! Thank you to everyone who replied!

submitted by /u/Spirited_Cell_3344
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Just how common are binary star systems?

Posted: 03 Sep 2021 06:46 PM PDT

Question is simple: how common are binary (or trinary, or quartenary, etc) star systems in comparison to single stars like our Sun? You'd think this would be an easy question to Google, but the results are inconclusive. Some sources say up to 85% of stars are part of a binary+ system, while others say that the majority of stars are single. Just what's the deal?

submitted by /u/StandsForVice
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Is there a way to determine if the precision of two datasets is significantly different?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 08:25 AM PDT

When I am injecting sample using a 1 mL syringe,over ten injections my volume is 0.999 mL +- 0.012 mL. When my coworker does the same, her volume is 0.999 mL +- 0.026 mL. Is there a way to quantitatively determine if that difference in standard deviation is itself significant? (I want to determine if that difference is due to natural variation or whether it is due to a systematic issue with her technique). Thanks.

submitted by /u/akkon888
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What is the correlation between general public satisfaction and the salary of high-level government employees in said country?

Posted: 03 Sep 2021 08:05 PM PDT

What are some of the problems modern neuropsychological testing faces when it comes to cultural diversity?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 07:53 AM PDT

Recent references welcome 😊

submitted by /u/trumpsaltereg0
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When meteorologist say something is a "100 year flood" or "500 year storm", does the math they use to calculate this account for climate change?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 07:01 AM PDT

Is a weakening AMOC expected to make El Niños stronger and more frequent?

Posted: 04 Sep 2021 12:57 AM PDT

I've been seen a lot about how weakening AMOC will likely increase wind speeds, extreme weather events in the Atlantic, cool off Europe and parts of North America, raise Eastern US sea levels, and affect the monsoons in the Indian Ocean.

But what about the east Pacific? What about the Western US and Central America?

My naive expectation is that a weak AMOC means sluggish currents in the Pacific as well which means warmer equatorial waters, and wetter winters in the American West. But I'm naive and probably grossly wrong.

submitted by /u/LurkerFailsLurking
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How is water pressure maintained to the top floors of buildings taller than municipal water towers?

Posted: 03 Sep 2021 09:42 AM PDT

When does an unborn baby have a functional heart and heartbeat?

Posted: 03 Sep 2021 07:17 PM PDT

Let me be very clear: this is NOT supposed to be political. But in light of Texas' SB8, I saw an argument that the law referenced "fetal heartbeat", whereas at six weeks of pregnancy a baby's detected pulse is just electrical signals, not contractions of a heart. This argument continued to say that at six weeks, any "beat" detected is artificially propagated by technology, whereas an actual heartbeat can be heard without any propagation. So I'm wondering, at what point can a baby be said to have actual heartbeats caused by cardiac contractions? Is this a subjective question open to different interpretations?

submitted by /u/chocoloholic
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What are the current major challenges for developing an Alzheimers treatment based on amyloid inhibiting drugs?

Posted: 03 Sep 2021 06:21 PM PDT

This is a naive question. I was wondering if anyone could shed some light on it or point me to relevant articles/videos that speaks to this.

Since I presume a amyloid inhibition treatment is far from a novel idea, I was wondering what are the current the challenges with this approach. E.g. how many of these are valid statements? what other high level problems are there?

  • It is largely unknown what regulates amyloid production,
  • It is known that many separate processes produce amyloids, making inhibition a large scale problem,
  • Insufficient knowledge to design something that inhibits amyloids without affecting other biochemical processes,
  • No evidence that inhibting amyloids itself prevents/treats alzheimers

Thanks!

submitted by /u/dumbfrycook
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What does the Higgs Boson image mean?

Posted: 03 Sep 2021 08:48 AM PDT

I got a t-shirt of a higgs boson (this image) and i don't know what it means. I watched videos explaining the higgs field, so i know what a higgs boson is, but do not know how the image relates to it.

submitted by /u/Scaldac
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The CDC says about 80% of people infected with West Nile virus have no symptoms. How do we know the number of people who caught it and never had symptoms?

Posted: 03 Sep 2021 10:50 AM PDT

Is there experimental evidence that fully isolated viruses and bacteria cause illness?

Posted: 03 Sep 2021 03:04 PM PDT

Is anyone aware of a large, or decent size study where a completely isolated virus or bacteria (as in, no other substances or contaminants) are sprayed, injected, or otherwise inserted into a healthy subject and it reliably causes a disease with consistent symptoms?

submitted by /u/Badook777
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Friday, September 3, 2021

How do lungs heal after quitting smoking, especially with regards to timelines and partial-quit?

How do lungs heal after quitting smoking, especially with regards to timelines and partial-quit?


How do lungs heal after quitting smoking, especially with regards to timelines and partial-quit?

Posted: 02 Sep 2021 09:56 AM PDT

Hi all, just trying to get a sense of something here. If I'm a smoker and I quit, the Internet tells me it takes 1 month for my lungs to start healing if I totally quit. I assume the lungs are healing bit by bit every day after quitting and it takes a month to rebuild lung health enough to categorize the lung as in-recovery. My question is, is my understanding correct?

If that understanding is correct, if I reduce smoking to once a week will the cumulative effects of lung regeneration overcome smoke inhalation? To further explain my thought, let's assume I'm starting with 0% lung health. If I don't smoke, the next day maybe my lung health is at 1%. After a week, I'm at 7%. If I smoke on the last day, let's say I take an impact of 5%. Next day I'm starting at 2%, then by the end of the week I'm at 9%. Of course these numbers are made up nonsense, just trying to get a more concrete understanding (preferably gamified :)) .

I'm actually not a smoker, but I'm just curious to how this whole process works. I assume it's akin to getting a wound, but maybe organ health works differently? I've never been very good at biology or chemistry, so I'm turning to you /r/askscience!

submitted by /u/Monster-Zero
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Can and how protons fuse?

Posted: 03 Sep 2021 07:13 AM PDT

The question is simple, what happens when two protons overcome Coulumbs barrier? Do they fuse and make some sort of a hadron? Or do the 2 protons stick to eachother making a sort of nuclei? Or does something else happen?

submitted by /u/Meidlim
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In space, is it as 'easy' to accelerate an object from 90% the speed of light to 91% as it is to accelerate an object from 10% the speed of light to 11%?

Posted: 03 Sep 2021 03:17 AM PDT

Is it more difficult to accelerate an object to faster speeds in space like it is on earth?

On earth, to go from 20-30mph is much easier than to go from 220-230mph.

In the absence of air resistance and engineering limitations, what are the limiting factors, if any, to reaching higher speeds?

submitted by /u/kendo545
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How do cross-ocean communication cables deal with canyons? Do they lower it all the way down, across the floor and back up or would they allow it to gap across?

Posted: 02 Sep 2021 10:16 AM PDT

If people can be lactose intolerant, can they be fructose intolerant? Or sucrose intolerant? Glucose?

Posted: 02 Sep 2021 08:36 PM PDT

Can removing wisdom teeth change the shape of your face?

Posted: 02 Sep 2021 05:20 PM PDT

And does each removal change it differently. Like if you removed the lower ones would your jaw shrink and if you removed the upper ones would your cheekbones shrink?

How else should the bones heal without absorbing surrounding bone mass.

submitted by /u/cunny_man
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Is everyone's digestive tract the same length?

Posted: 02 Sep 2021 03:45 PM PDT

I mean 2 people who are the same height and size. Does this play into different levels of nutrient absorption?

submitted by /u/pillowwow
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What is the actual mechanism behind the symptoms that are caused by trisomy?

Posted: 02 Sep 2021 07:16 PM PDT

I'm not thinking of any specific chromosome but for example let's say trisomy 21. What is about having a third 21st chromosome that affects the person in that particular way?

submitted by /u/0dysseus123
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Do large structures inhibit tornadogenesis, such as in urban centers?

Posted: 02 Sep 2021 06:48 AM PDT

As tornadoes are a rotating column of air that gets pushed toward the ground, would it coming into contact with skyscrapers and other large structures such as a city center cause enough turbulence within the mesocyclone to inhibit or at least weaken a burgeoning tornado? Additionally would a developed tornado hitting a large urban center be significantly weakened as it passed through?

submitted by /u/tyler1128
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Could an asteroid theoretically approach the earth so fast it isn't detected?

Posted: 02 Sep 2021 02:47 PM PDT

Is there a maximum speed an asteroid could travel? And ag that maximum speed could an asteroid approach so fast we would have zero warning of its impending collision?

submitted by /u/the_saas_guy
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During the 1980's and 90's, why was the biggest hole in the ozone layer always concentrated over Antarctica?

Posted: 02 Sep 2021 03:03 PM PDT

Is it possible to build immunity to nettles ?

Posted: 02 Sep 2021 04:17 PM PDT

Hi I am 15 and living in Scotland I was I get exposed to nettles a ton because I like to go fishing mainly fly fishing at very hard to access places with a lot of nettles today I walked through a massive bush of them and I was wearing shorts my legs were fine but the only stings that hurt were the ones on my hand so did my legs evolve immunity to nettles or is there another reason behind this and also will prolonged and frequent exposure To nettles harm me in any way

submitted by /u/Connormclean3
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How much does full vaccination reduce your chance of being infected with Covid?

Posted: 02 Sep 2021 12:13 PM PDT

Do humans experience any cycles like the 24h circadian rhythm, but with different frequencies?

Posted: 02 Sep 2021 04:16 PM PDT

For example, episodic cluster headache sufferers often get episodes cyclically at extremely regular intervals. Each episode may happen once every 90 days, or once every two years (in my partner's case), or at apparently any arbitrary frequency. And within each episode, the headaches may happen once a day at the same time (even almost the same minute), or every 4 hours, and so on - again, the frequency appears to be arbitrary.

What could possibly be causing this? Are there multiple cycles of different frequencies in the body which might all "peak" at once, causing a headache?

(Knowing cluster headache sufferers and having read quite a bit on it, I do not believe the episodes are somehow psychosomatically induced. The headache results from the activity of the trigeminal nerve, and certain drugs (triptans) and other methods (oxygen therapy in particular) very reliably abort the headaches, apparently by inducing vasoconstriction.)

submitted by /u/Cannabat
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Does surface tension get weaker as the temperature of a fluid increases? Why?

Posted: 02 Sep 2021 11:51 AM PDT

I can't explain this, it just feels intuitive, but it seems to me that the surface tension of a fluid becomes weaker if that fluid gets hot. I'm hesitant to call it a rule or something though because I can't explain it.

Is that a real thing, and if so, why does it happen?

submitted by /u/SnugFnuggBlue
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Do coronal mass ejections affect Earths weather ?

Posted: 02 Sep 2021 10:21 AM PDT

How large is the DKMS database (German Bonemarrow Donor File) and how likely is it to find your "genetic twin" for a bone marrow transplant?

Posted: 02 Sep 2021 07:29 AM PDT

Likewise what does it take to be a "genetic twin" of someone.

submitted by /u/bufarreti
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Does an increase of dopamine in the body have any effect on the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and / or fat metabolism?

Posted: 02 Sep 2021 05:43 AM PDT