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Wednesday, August 25, 2021

AskScience AMA Series: Hi, Reddit! I'm a critical care-related researcher, professor of medicine and doctor in the ICU. AMA about wellness, burnout and PTSD in healthcare professionals!

AskScience AMA Series: Hi, Reddit! I'm a critical care-related researcher, professor of medicine and doctor in the ICU. AMA about wellness, burnout and PTSD in healthcare professionals!


AskScience AMA Series: Hi, Reddit! I'm a critical care-related researcher, professor of medicine and doctor in the ICU. AMA about wellness, burnout and PTSD in healthcare professionals!

Posted: 25 Aug 2021 04:00 AM PDT

Hello, Redditors! My name is Marc Moss, and for the last 20 years, I have been studying the effects of stress on critical care nurses and other healthcare professionals.

I'm also a professor of medicine at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Head of the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine at the University of Colorado School of Medicine and work as a critical care doctor.

Earlier this year, my colleague Dr. Meredith Mealer and I were honored to receive the American Association of Critical Care Nurses (AACN) Pioneering Spirit Award for our work studying the effects of stress on nurses and creating interventions to increase resilience among healthcare workers.

Among these interventions includes work at the Colorado Resiliency Arts Lab, a research consortium supported by the National Endowment for the Arts. We are striving to create a vibrant, collaborative creative arts therapy community that is committed to enhancing healthcare professional well-being and alleviating psychological stress in the workplace and beyond.

While I've been studying healthcare-related burnout for many years, this last year and a half during the COVID-19 pandemic has been a war zone for our healthcare professionals. I have never been prouder of all of my colleagues and the amazing hospital employees that we work with on a daily basis. They are working long hours in difficult conditions, putting on and taking off protective equipment, while trying not to get sick themselves, or infect their families and children. You would be honored to witness their extraordinary and relentless efforts to care for our sickest patients. However the relentless stress is taking its toll on all of us. I am afraid that the next wave will "break our souls".

In addition to critical care-related research, my research interests include identifying new treatment modalities for patients with the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and exploring the diagnosis and treatment of neuromuscular dysfunction in critically ill patients who require mechanical ventilation.

I will be on at 1pm ET (17 UT) to answer your questions, AMA!

Additional Background:

  • Head of the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine at the CU Anschutz School of Medicine
  • Program Director for the Education, Training, and Career Development Core of the Colorado Clinical Translational Sciences Institute (CCTSI) from 2008-2016
  • President of the American Thoracic Society from 2017-2018

Research Publications:

Additional Information About My Work:

Username: /u/drmarcmoss

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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How is the effectiveness of the vaccines ''waning''? Does your body just forget how to fight COVID? Does Delta kill all the cells that know how to deal with it?

Posted: 25 Aug 2021 04:47 AM PDT

It's been bothering me and I just don't understand how it's rendering the vaccines ineffective and yet it reduces the symptoms of it still.

submitted by /u/Pretty-Ad-1757
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Why are there so many islands between Canada and Greenland? What natural process occurred to make that land formation?

Posted: 24 Aug 2021 09:03 PM PDT

Since Titans atmosphere is mostly methane, what prevents the whole moon from detonating when hit by a meteor?

Posted: 24 Aug 2021 07:54 PM PDT

Is it only the lack of oxygen in the atmosphere? What if a comet with a high quantity of frozen oxygen were to impact Titan at high velocity? Basically what's the easiest way to detonate all that gas on Titan? Is it even possible?

submitted by /u/Hannover2k
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 25 Aug 2021 07:00 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away!

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Why is the Strait of Gibraltar so much deeper than the area surrounding it?

Posted: 24 Aug 2021 08:43 PM PDT

I couldn't find a reliable answer online and I am not sure if this counts as science, but I'm curious to why the Strait of Gibraltar is so deep in such a specific spot in the world.

submitted by /u/NickElf977
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Why don't we just digest harmful bacteria like salmonella instead of getting sick?

Posted: 25 Aug 2021 06:31 AM PDT

Salmonellosis is from bacteria. Bacteria are built from some of the same basic components as multicellular organisms, which we break down with specialized enzymes along the digestive tract. But ingesting these bacteria, our body seems to just allow them to get to work instead. How is this?

submitted by /u/poop_if_i_want_to
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Is the microbiome of one ear significantly different from the other?

Posted: 24 Aug 2021 08:21 PM PDT

Sometimes I'm guilty of using q-tips. Is there every a chance of cross contamination between ears?

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Was Edward Jenner’s vaccine better than variolation?

Posted: 25 Aug 2021 05:52 AM PDT

If centrifugal force is a virtual force, then how does it cause any change?

Posted: 25 Aug 2021 07:43 AM PDT

Hi I'm a high school (age - 15) student, and recently I learned that centrifugal force doesn't really exist and it's just assumed by the observer. But we were taught that centrifuge works on the principle of centrifugal force and also that earth bulges at centre and it flattened at poles due to the action of this force. But if it does not exist, how do these changes occur? It would be really great if you use simple terms because I don't think I'm very well versed in physics and neither much acquainted with technical terms.

submitted by /u/fuckwhyamInotcool
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How did plants grow during the 2 million years of rain (aka carnian pluvial event)? Would the photosynthesis process have been affected by the clouds or is that stupid?

Posted: 24 Aug 2021 08:37 PM PDT

please help

submitted by /u/sundeliska
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How long are waves far out at sea?

Posted: 24 Aug 2021 06:48 PM PDT

I always hear a lot about the height of waves. I've also just come to know about 'rouge waves' , which blew my mind a bit. But how far can/do they stretch? Is it the entire length of the ocean or am I being stupid?

submitted by /u/RoryFw
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Is Focus/attentiveness measurable? If so how?

Posted: 25 Aug 2021 04:50 AM PDT

If two people are working on the same task, and person 1 is thinking about food/naked women/drugs etc while working. And person 2 is fully engaged in the task. Not even noticing other people in the room.

submitted by /u/Sonnycrocketto
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What was Mars like during periods of high tilt?

Posted: 24 Aug 2021 03:13 PM PDT

I've heard a bit about how high tilt on Mars probably caused the loss of polar ice caps and the accumulation of ice near the equator. What would Mars have been like in these periods, in terms of weather, atmospheric density, and just overall appearance? How frequently do periods of high tilt occur and when was the most recent one?

submitted by /u/atomfullerene
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Does the type of sand matter for glass production?

Posted: 24 Aug 2021 11:55 PM PDT

Read a report that if not for plastic-glass hybrid vials, we nearly didn't manage to mass produce vaccines in such a short time.

I understand not all sand are created equal, for example, dessert sand is smooth hence not suitable for construction. Construction requires rougher/angular sand from rivers etc.

Controlling for variables like shipping bottlenecks and time it takes to start glass manufacturing facilities, it shouldn't matter what type of sand is used for glass production right? I am thinking glass production requires the melting of sand that changes it on a molecular level, hence the shape of the sand on the microscopic level shouldn't be a limiting factor.

Am i right? Or am I missing something?

Edit: this is the excerpt from an article that got me thinking about this:

"Part of the problem is that glass manufacturing facilities are expensive to build. Then, there can be challenges with obtaining the needed key raw material — a particular kind of angular sand found in riverbeds and beaches that's in high demand around the world for a number of products."

submitted by /u/chickensmitten
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What if the human body doesn't have any T cell that can bind to a particular antigen?

Posted: 24 Aug 2021 11:54 AM PDT

So T cells develop in the thymus during childhood where the antigen binding receptors on them are tested in positive and negative selection so that they don't hurt the body. After the thymus effectively stops working (not completely) you are effectively stuck with the antigen binding receptors from your childhood. We know in order to activate an adaptive response of the immune system T cells need to activate B cells. But if you have a pathogen that doesn't have an antigen which your childhood setup of T cells can bind to then no T cells are activated and therefore no B cells which means there is no antibody production and hence no adaptive immune response??

Would you die then?

Is this why so many people die to the flu virus?

Is there a way for the body to circumvent this?

Is that the reason for why some people have faster adaptive immune responses to certain viruses and therefore have a higher chance of survival? While the people that by random chance had fewer T cells which could recognize this particular antigen and therefore the chance that these T cells would be in a lymph node further away from the first antigen presenting cells would therefore have to wait a longer period for the antigen presenting cells to reach the T cells and therefore delay the adaptive immune response?

Please try to answer my question in detail and correct me If I made incorrect assumptions.

submitted by /u/VersaBot
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Determining the type of decay an isotope undergoes when it has multiple options?

Posted: 24 Aug 2021 09:47 PM PDT

This question stems from the decay modes of Hydrogen-6 and how it can either decay via triple or quadruple neutron emission to give either deuterium or tritium. How is it determined which mode of decay happens?

As a slight follow up... When the half-life of a particular isotope (let's keep using Hydrogen-6) is defined in yoctoseconds as follows: "294(67) ys" - What is the significance of the bracketed numbers?

Many thanks in advance and sorry for the double question, I figure the second one is likely to be trivial to answer.

submitted by /u/Eviskull
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How does barometric pressure affect a hurricane’s intensity?

Posted: 24 Aug 2021 09:00 PM PDT

What is the "Overlapping Map Theorem," or whatever it's really called?

Posted: 24 Aug 2021 01:59 PM PDT

I remember hearing about this math/geometry concept where if you were to take two maps of an identical place, even if they're different sizes, then lay one over the other, there will always be a point at which you can place a pin that it will be the same proportional coordinates. I can't find anything by searching "overlapping map theorem" or the like.

This concept was illustrated by the fact you could take any map of the US anywhere in the country, lay it on the floor, and essentially place a "You are here" marker that would also exactly hit the hole in the map itself were an enormous scale pin to drop from the sky.

Does this work for any rotation as well? What if one of the maps is not completely on top of the other?

I thought of this as I was importing some photos into a project into Photoshop. They were all the same size, but some of them had erroneously rotated due to the camera tilt sensor being tricked or something since I was shooting straight down onto a table. I wondered if - instead of rotating and then readjusting position - I would have been able to use this concept to reset the center of rotation around a certain point that would have seen the image placed perfectly without directly shifting position. This would be the case if I would be able to find a point that wouldn't move coordinates from one orientation to another. Obviously it would be too computationally intense for my needs, but I'm still curious.

submitted by /u/YouBeenJammin
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How much of the COVID-19 does it take to make one sick?

Posted: 25 Aug 2021 03:00 AM PDT

What's the time line for antibody production after the third shot/third dose for the mrna covid vaccines?

Posted: 24 Aug 2021 09:34 PM PDT

I know you're not considered fully immunized until 2 weeks after your 2nd shot.

For those getting the third shot, when do those neutralizing antibody levels start to rise? Is it also 2 weeks?

And is it a more gradual process? As in, each day more antibodies are formed?

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Tuesday, August 24, 2021

Do we have any studies on reinfection rates with Delta in people previously infected?

Do we have any studies on reinfection rates with Delta in people previously infected?


Do we have any studies on reinfection rates with Delta in people previously infected?

Posted: 23 Aug 2021 09:29 PM PDT

Anybody come across any yet? Thank you

submitted by /u/Curivity
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If I release an ant back outside, can it find its way to its nest or is it hopelessly lost forever?

Posted: 24 Aug 2021 07:06 AM PDT

Sorry if this is a stupid question. I just released an ant outside and am curious as to what will happen to it now

submitted by /u/rememberroses
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Do spiders have brains, and do their brains have memories?

Posted: 23 Aug 2021 05:53 PM PDT

Do they instead only respond instinctually to environmental triggers like a robot?

Just wondering in case I can actually piss off spiders.

submitted by /u/phongku
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Do caterpillars have stomachs?

Posted: 24 Aug 2021 08:05 AM PDT

My 3 year old asked, and I couldn't find anything reliable on google to answer her question. I would think so, but the lack of answers makes me curious as well. Any help would be appreciated! Thank you

submitted by /u/unchsn1
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Since allergies are caused by immune response, do immunocompromised individuals have less allergies?

Posted: 23 Aug 2021 08:17 AM PDT

Covid tracking in sewer systems. What have we learned?

Posted: 23 Aug 2021 09:41 PM PDT

Is anyone still tracking COVID in sewer/waste systems? What's the trend? Where is the best data and what can we infer so far?

submitted by /u/L0gic23
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Does our brain process the image our eyes see all at once, or does it start at one point and move from there (like starting in the centre and moving outwards, or from one side to the other)?

Posted: 23 Aug 2021 12:56 PM PDT

Idk if this is something that we have the technology to test, but I just wonder if this is a known thing or are there some working theories or something?

Also, knowing this could be used for things like marketing and creating illusions, right?

submitted by /u/KalebC4
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If renewables produce a surplus of energy in a given town/city couldn't this surplus energy be used to pump water to a higher altitude to store potential energy instead of turning off the turbines (for example)?

Posted: 23 Aug 2021 10:12 AM PDT

I just watched a Tom Scott video, "The Islands With Too Much Power" which sparked my question.

If no battery storage or hydrogen gas conversion is available, why not just run pumps to transport water to a higher altitude to store it as potential energy?

Thanks :) really curious!

submitted by /u/laowaiH
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How is the information stored in RAM on a PC actually allocated over the various RAM chips?

Posted: 23 Aug 2021 07:41 PM PDT

So, for my question: My PC has 32 Gb of ram spread across four RAM sticks.

How does the PC (Windows 10) allocate that memory? Does it sequentially fill up one stick at a time or is all that information randomly spread across all the sticks?

Further question: If it's sequential, will constant read / writes to a single chip over time degrade it quicker compared to the other sticks / chips in the PC?

submitted by /u/Darksirius
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How does radiometric dating tell us the age of the earth, as opposed to the age of the volcano/asteroid/elements used in the dating method?

Posted: 23 Aug 2021 02:46 PM PDT

Probably a dumb question, but I'm confused as to how we know the age of the earth through radiometric dating. I've heard we use pockets of material from volcanic eruptions, as well as asteroids, to radiometrically test the age of the earth. But doesn't this just tell us when the volcano erupted or when the asteroid was formed based on the parent-daughter element ratio? And with the volcano example, how do we know that no daughter element got trapped with the parent element in the pocket, skewing the ratios? I could see that dating the volcano pocket would tell us that the age of the eruption is <= age of the earth, but the asteroid could be older or younger than the earth, right? I feel like there must be something simple I'm missing here. Thank you in advance for your time.

submitted by /u/ExmoThrowaway0
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Which chamber of the heart has the largest volume?

Posted: 23 Aug 2021 08:52 PM PDT

Do all spiders spin webs?

Posted: 24 Aug 2021 12:37 AM PDT

I imagine spinning webs is the 'easiest' way for spiders to catch prey, assuming all spiders are capable of spinning webs. If all are capable but not all do this, what other ways do they use to catch prey and why don't all of them spin webs?

submitted by /u/Severe-Bag2945
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Why are fossil lobsters from 100 million years ago considered the same genus as modern American lobsters?

Posted: 23 Aug 2021 02:22 PM PDT

The modern American lobster (Homarus americanus) belongs to the genus Homarus, along with the European lobster. But there was also species of Homarus lobster from the Cretaceous, Homarus hakelensis. Based on the specific period H. hakelensis lived, it seems like taxonomists have the genus Homarus existing continually for over 100 million years.

Are there many other genuses that have survived for such a long period of time, and if not, why haven't these Cretaceous lobsters been assigned a separate genus from their modern-day cousins?

submitted by /u/djublonskopf
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Why is symmetry attractive?

Posted: 24 Aug 2021 12:03 AM PDT

AFAIK, one of the features that best predict if someone is thought of as attractive regardless of things like cultural background is symmetry of the face. I think this holds true not only for humans but also for animals. A typical handwavy explanation for this is that this is an indicator of 'good genes'.

But what does that mean exactly? And why are good genes making symmetric faces? Or Is there another explanation?

submitted by /u/jsamke
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Why is the lambda variant only considered a VOI despite its proliferation in South America?

Posted: 23 Aug 2021 10:29 AM PDT

How far from the surface of the Earth does an object need to be before centrifugal force overcomes gravity?

Posted: 23 Aug 2021 10:01 AM PDT

I'm curious because of the "space elevator" plans (or ideas).

submitted by /u/robbmann297
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Childhood mortality rate for COVID Delta variant?

Posted: 23 Aug 2021 03:05 PM PDT

What is the mortality rate for COVID Delta variant infections among unvaccinated children?

submitted by /u/maraschinoBandito
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What chemical changes occur when the position of an alcohol group is moved from one carbon to another in an organic compound?

Posted: 23 Aug 2021 08:25 PM PDT

For example: what is the chemical difference between 1-propanol and 2-propanol (isopropanol)???? What characteristics change? Is there any effect to bond enthalpy and enthalpy of combustion?

submitted by /u/SRosenberg1088
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How much energy could have been released in the great oxidation event?

Posted: 23 Aug 2021 12:25 PM PDT

When cyanobacteria first made oxygen and oxidized the planet, how much energy could have been released, like how fire is just rapid oxidation.

submitted by /u/Fish_Fortner
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Why does the Earth’s tilt on its axis determine the seasons instead of its relative position as it revolves around the sun?

Posted: 23 Aug 2021 11:35 AM PDT

Wouldn't it make more sense for the entire planet to experience summer together when the planet is approaching the closest point to the giant ball of fire that warms the planet?

submitted by /u/stowrag
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Monday, August 23, 2021

How is it that COVID-19 "booster" vaccines help Delta more, if it's a matter of the spike proteins 'looking' different than the previous variants that the vaccine was initially designed for?

How is it that COVID-19 "booster" vaccines help Delta more, if it's a matter of the spike proteins 'looking' different than the previous variants that the vaccine was initially designed for?


How is it that COVID-19 "booster" vaccines help Delta more, if it's a matter of the spike proteins 'looking' different than the previous variants that the vaccine was initially designed for?

Posted: 23 Aug 2021 01:37 AM PDT

I'm a little confused.

My understanding of the variants, is that they 'look' different to the antibodies that are produced from the vaccines, so consequently the vaccines aren't as effective.

So this makes me wonder why does giving a third shot of the vaccine help variants, like Delta, when the vaccines were intended for previous variants, not "different looking" variants like Delta. Wouldn't a different vaccine need to be developed for "different looking" variants? How does just injecting another of the same exact vaccine help variants that have different spike proteins etc.?

submitted by /u/mt_winston
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Why is there such a wide variance in Delta COVID-19 severity?

Posted: 22 Aug 2021 06:46 PM PDT

I'm seeing a lot of recent stories of delta killing vaccinated people, younger people with no underlying conditions etc... Obviously many more people are completely asymptomatic. Can anyone explain why it appears there is such a wide range of severity of symptoms? As a layperson it appears like there is no rhyme or reason as to why vaccinated or otherwise healthy individuals are now dying from the delta variant while many others are still basically asymptomatic. The only google results I've found refer to the alpha variant and are from 2020.

submitted by /u/AStrangerWCandy
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Why doesn’t our moon rotate, and what would happen if it started rotating suddenly?

Posted: 23 Aug 2021 07:29 AM PDT

Do we have a “strong” ear?

Posted: 22 Aug 2021 08:12 PM PDT

Like how if you close you eyes one at a time while looking at a specific object you can see which one is dominant

submitted by /u/joealessi
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Are all ants in a colony genetically same?

Posted: 22 Aug 2021 05:09 PM PDT

Since all the ants in a colony come from eggs laid by the queen ant, are all of the ants genetically similar? Also who fertilises the queen ant?

submitted by /u/AdPuzzleheaded8726
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What is the safety/efficacy criteria that got the Pfizer vaccine full FDA approval? Why did it take until now to do this?

Posted: 23 Aug 2021 08:04 AM PDT

My understanding is that new drugs had to undergo, and complete, phase 1-3 trials before the data can be reviewed and full approval gained. However, if I check this vaccine tracker there are still phase 3 trials being performed for Pfizer's vaccine.

What what was the FDA using to make its decision for full approval for this vaccine?

submitted by /u/TheDayManAhAhAh
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What’s the availability of vaccines in the US?

Posted: 23 Aug 2021 08:00 AM PDT

I couldn't find any data on the rate of vaccines effectively administered over the available in the US. In my country (Italy) there's this data (the percentage indicates said rate).

I was wondering about this since I believe it's a good indicator of how many anti-vaxxers are actually there, despite the sentiment that it's an overwhelming amount which is what one would deduce from media.

I may be wrong any of the above, so please correct me where I'm wrong.

Cheers!

submitted by /u/MastroRace
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Why do we need small wavelength to look at small particles?

Posted: 22 Aug 2021 11:18 PM PDT

At one point in the Hawking's book, the author says that we need smaller wavelengths to look at parts of atom.

For what I know , we see objects when light is reflected off them. No matter how small the particle is , a photon might collide with it and reflect it. What am I missing?

submitted by /u/CerebrumAbuser
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Can the salt/brine from Desalination facilities be used for energy in some way? Can salt be used to create energy? Why isn't it done, if so?

Posted: 22 Aug 2021 03:45 PM PDT

Can a binary planetary system have rings?

Posted: 22 Aug 2021 06:23 PM PDT

Can two planets with roughly equal masses, that orbit each other, have a ring system revolving around the barycenter of the two planets?

submitted by /u/skan76
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Why are the North American great lakes freshwater and other smaller bodies of water, like the Aral sea, salty?

Posted: 22 Aug 2021 06:55 PM PDT

In other words, what makes a body of water that isn't an ocean have a high or low salinity?

submitted by /u/the_stealth_boy
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When you light a shot of alcohol on fire, does the percentage of alcohol in the remaining drink increase, decrease, or stay the same?

Posted: 22 Aug 2021 08:32 AM PDT

My guess is the percentage decreases because it's the alcohol that's burning. On the other hand some of the contained water might evaporate because of the heat, so the percentage might stay the same or even increase. Anyways maybe somebody could give a more precise answer because I couldn't find an explanation via google.

submitted by /u/Konseq
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How dense were insect populations 50,000, 10,000 and 2000 years ago?

Posted: 22 Aug 2021 07:32 AM PDT

Just wondering how fly covered things were and how irritated/bitten humans were back then. Is there evidence of coping strategies/insecticides etc?

submitted by /u/July111969
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How do islands get internet and telephone connections?

Posted: 22 Aug 2021 01:04 PM PDT

For example, this finnish island. And others like it. Large enough for a family or two but too small for anything more than that. How would someone go about getting phone connections or internet on such an island? Do they even have those connections?

submitted by /u/Pengdacorn
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Are all soaps (salt of fatty acid) capable of disrupting the lipid bilayer? If yes, then are soaps considered disinfectants? (Not asking about anti-bacterial soaps.)

Posted: 22 Aug 2021 07:12 AM PDT

I know that soaps can simply wash away bacteria and viruses. But I have also heard that soaps can disrupt the lipid bilayer of bacteria and viruses that have them, effectively killing the them.

I was curious if all soaps (by their chemistry definition) have this ability because of a chemical interaction between the soap and lipid bilayer. If yes, how likely is soap to disrupt lipid bilayers? Does it depend on other conditions?

Thanks in advance.

submitted by /u/DoomGoober
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Does an unvaccinated asymptomatic COVID-19 positive person have a higher viral load than a vaccinated person who has asymptomatic COVID-19?

Posted: 22 Aug 2021 08:41 AM PDT

Is there any significant difference in the bioavailability curves of gelcap vs tablet of Acetaminophen/Ibprofin?

Posted: 22 Aug 2021 08:41 AM PDT

Just curious if there is any reason to spend more on gelcap vs normal tablets. From a non-medical scientist I would assume thst the gelcap would be absorbed faster leading towards a shift towards more of a right skewed availability but I really have no idea. Is there any real difference?

submitted by /u/Mercarcher
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What happens to desert sand?

Posted: 22 Aug 2021 10:58 AM PDT

So as far as I understood sand is ground down stuff and especially desert sand is very small and round. So if things like stones get broken down further and further until they're sandy what comes next? Does the sand become stone or something at some point again or is more and more matter of the world gonna end up as sand and stay like that?

submitted by /u/Awfully_Wee_Billy_B
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What exactly is the Ramanujan Summation?

Posted: 22 Aug 2021 09:18 AM PDT

It says that the sum of all counting numbers like 1+2+3+4+5+6...=-1/12 I have watched a lot of videos but I just don't get it.

submitted by /u/MeIsYguy
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Do older people generate the same level of anti body response to vaccines as younger people?

Posted: 22 Aug 2021 09:16 AM PDT

Very anecdotal, but the serious break through cases I've heard of (clearly not good evidence) were among the elderly. At the same time, higher vaccination rates among the elderly are decreasing their levels of infection, but it got me thinking. Are break through cases evenly spread throughout the population? Or are older people, who have a reduced immune response, suffering disproportionally?

submitted by /u/graydonatvail
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How do wavelengths of light 'add' as we percieve them?

Posted: 22 Aug 2021 07:27 AM PDT

I understand that multiple wavelengths of light don't necessarily combine to make a new wavelength. However, as our eyes in combination with our brain processes light, it appears as if it does.

So my main question is if there are any functions that I could input two or more wavelengths of light and it will spit out a 'percieved wavelength?'

I am aware of the colour matching functions which would be useful. However they strictly deal with the standard Red, Green and Blue wavelengths. What if I wish to mix two monochromatic sources that arent of these standard wavelengths.

As a final bit of clarity here is an example of what I wish to do. Perhaps I wish to combine two monochromatic sources of 546nm and 670nm. What wavelength would I percieve that combination to be? How will I do this for other combinations?

Any answers are appreciated :)

submitted by /u/Easy-Preference7232
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