Will this new HIV vaccine Moderna is starting trials will be just for people without HIV or people already with HIV will also ve able to take it (in case it gets available), therefore ending daily medication?

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• Will this new HIV vaccine Moderna is starting trials will be just for people without HIV or people already with HIV will also ve able to take it (in case it gets available), therefore ending daily medication?
• what is it about coronavirus that we have to keep getting vaccine shots?
• Why are metals such good heat conductors?
• Do higher initial viral loads create a more severe infection?
• What’s magnesium role in the human body?
• Can we detect relative high ground-levels of radiation from Orbit? Would an Astronaut on the ISS holding a geiger-counter into the general direction of Earth when passing over Tschernobyl or Fukushima get a heightened response compared to the Amazon rainforest?
• Is lava flow laminar?
• What happens to the gut microbiome when a person fasts?
• Where does the carbon come from in 'green steel'?
• Its claimed that Delta virus affect young population and drives high hospitalization rate. What is the Delta variants severity broken down by age group? Is it published/reported by a legit group?
• Is there a correlation between the transmission of coronavirus and humidity in the air?
• What defines a "strong"/"weak" immune system ? . How does a "strong" immune system react compared to a "weak" one ? .
• why do type 1 diabetics experience hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia during and after exercise?
• Do subatomic particles (or atomic nucleii for that matter) have volume?
• Do 'booster' vaccines lose effectiveness with repetition?
• When and how do adenovirus vector vaccines end spike protein production?
• Can gold origin be traced by for example other low abundant minerals? If so, is it known where historically looted gold now? As examples gold from ancient Egyptian burial chambers or gold taken by conquistadors.
• Why do phase changes need a nucleation site?
• Is there a way to determine if a person is going to be symptomatic or asymptomatic to a Covid-19 (or for any virus to be more general) via a lab test?

Will this new HIV vaccine Moderna is starting trials will be just for people without HIV or people already with HIV will also ve able to take it (in case it gets available), therefore ending daily medication? Posted: 18 Aug 2021 10:37 AM PDT submitted by /u/PrecisodeOrientador [link] [comments]

what is it about coronavirus that we have to keep getting vaccine shots? Posted: 18 Aug 2021 10:13 AM PDT I hope this doesn't coming all "covid ain't real"-y. I had covid, I got my vaccine shots, I wear my mask n wash my hands all that stuff. but I am no scientist, and I'm curious what makes this virus so different from viruses such as polio tthat you only get a shot for once a lifetime, that we have to keep getting another shot for covid, a third or possibly a fourth in the future? is it the DNA, is it because it's a newer virus? submitted by /u/kaless_ [link] [comments]

Why are metals such good heat conductors? Posted: 19 Aug 2021 05:17 AM PDT My poor physics knowledge tells me that metals being good electrical conductors make sense. In high school we were taught that metals create lattices, in which the electrons are more or less free to move around and create a current (things like carbon also create lattices eg. diamonds but those are not conductive because the electron valence shells are very stable with 4 bonds). Same idea for why some metals can be magnetized, or why they glow when heated.. but why are they such good conductors of heat? If heat is measured as the 'jiggling' of atoms, then why should a solid piece of metal lattice conduct much heat at all? submitted by /u/nickoskal024 [link] [comments]

Do higher initial viral loads create a more severe infection? Posted: 18 Aug 2021 05:38 PM PDT Specifically for COVID. I read that this is the case somewhere. If so, how strongly correlated is it and is there a point where the initial viral load is so high that most people will die? submitted by /u/Comfortable_Tart_297 [link] [comments]

What’s magnesium role in the human body? Posted: 18 Aug 2021 09:04 PM PDT submitted by /u/Kebine [link] [comments]

Can we detect relative high ground-levels of radiation from Orbit? Would an Astronaut on the ISS holding a geiger-counter into the general direction of Earth when passing over Tschernobyl or Fukushima get a heightened response compared to the Amazon rainforest? Posted: 19 Aug 2021 06:34 AM PDT submitted by /u/Tank_AT [link] [comments]

Is lava flow laminar? Posted: 18 Aug 2021 09:22 PM PDT I came across this video, and the question popped in my mind, like a giant, red, burning and deadly pimple: https://youtu.be/a9yZQZ-QpLY submitted by /u/Magnus-Artifex [link] [comments]

What happens to the gut microbiome when a person fasts? Posted: 19 Aug 2021 02:22 AM PDT I heard that fasting causes some beneficial changes to body. Also, well developed gut microbiome seems to be an important part of healthy body. But how not eating for a few days might affect the microbiome? Will the gut bacteria die due to lack of food? Or will it decrease diversity? Or body has ways to keep the microbiome alive? Or maybe fasting related changes to the microbiome are beneficial as well? submitted by /u/Zolden [link] [comments]

Where does the carbon come from in 'green steel'? Posted: 19 Aug 2021 12:56 AM PDT I was reading this morning about green steel production (link), but I don't understand how fossil fuels can be completely eliminated. As I understand it, renewable sources and hydrogen can be used to heat the furnace, and hydrogen can be used instead of coal to reduce the iron oxide to iron (producing water instead of carbon dioxide). However, steel contains a few percent by mass of carbon, to provide its strength. Where does green steel get that from? submitted by /u/bobbiecowman [link] [comments]

Its claimed that Delta virus affect young population and drives high hospitalization rate. What is the Delta variants severity broken down by age group? Is it published/reported by a legit group? Posted: 18 Aug 2021 08:46 PM PDT submitted by /u/areyoucr4zy [link] [comments]

Is there a correlation between the transmission of coronavirus and humidity in the air? Posted: 18 Aug 2021 06:54 PM PDT With transmission being spread through droplets, would breathing humid air allow the virus attach to droplets in the air increasing its transmission rate? submitted by /u/ElevatedTreeMan [link] [comments]

What defines a "strong"/"weak" immune system ? . How does a "strong" immune system react compared to a "weak" one ? . Posted: 19 Aug 2021 02:52 AM PDT submitted by /u/darkshark235 [link] [comments]

why do type 1 diabetics experience hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia during and after exercise? Posted: 18 Aug 2021 01:51 PM PDT My current hypothesis is that it has something to do with hormone ratios but I have know idea how I would go about testing and correcting that if there is any way to do so? submitted by /u/emordnilapbackwords [link] [comments]

Do subatomic particles (or atomic nucleii for that matter) have volume? Posted: 18 Aug 2021 06:06 PM PDT submitted by /u/Codudeol [link] [comments]

Do 'booster' vaccines lose effectiveness with repetition? Posted: 19 Aug 2021 12:42 AM PDT Say we had to have covid vaccine boosters annually for many years, do we run the risk that each subsequent shot will become less effective? submitted by /u/GMN123 [link] [comments]

When and how do adenovirus vector vaccines end spike protein production? Posted: 18 Aug 2021 09:06 AM PDT I understand in the case of mRNA vaccines, the mRNA quickly degrades and spike protein production is halted. What stops adenovirus vaccines like J&J from perpetually producing the spike protein? submitted by /u/Faint_Floss [link] [comments]

Can gold origin be traced by for example other low abundant minerals? If so, is it known where historically looted gold now? As examples gold from ancient Egyptian burial chambers or gold taken by conquistadors. Posted: 18 Aug 2021 01:22 PM PDT submitted by /u/Quentrino [link] [comments]

Why do phase changes need a nucleation site? Posted: 18 Aug 2021 10:12 AM PDT Saw a GIF of a plastic bottle of water undergoing a rapid phase, I guess it was supercooled. I'm just wondering why a specific nucleation site is required for this to start and not just the first part to drop below 0 degC act as the 'starting point'. Cheers! submitted by /u/nuclearhatter [link] [comments]

Is there a way to determine if a person is going to be symptomatic or asymptomatic to a Covid-19 (or for any virus to be more general) via a lab test? Posted: 18 Aug 2021 11:19 PM PDT Would taking a blood and/or tissue sample from a person and infecting it with virus yield something that will be a good indicator as to whether that person will be symptomatic or asymptomatic to Covid-19 and other viruses? Or is being whether symptomatic or asymptomatic more systemic so you can't determine it by simply analyzing blood and/or tissue samples? If it works, how virus dependent would the procedure be? submitted by /u/TheEasternSky [link] [comments]

You are subscribed to email updates from AskScience: Got Questions? Get Answers.. To stop receiving these emails, you may unsubscribe now.	Email delivery powered by Google
Google, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States

Why is everyone computing tons of digits of Pi? Why not e, or the golden ratio, or other interesting constants? Or do we do that too, but it doesn't make the news? If so, why not?

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• Why is everyone computing tons of digits of Pi? Why not e, or the golden ratio, or other interesting constants? Or do we do that too, but it doesn't make the news? If so, why not?
• Did the ocean go through the same mass extinction 65 million years ago that the dinosaurs also experienced?
• Is it possible for us to catch 2 or more variant of covid-19? If so, can those variants inside our body fuse/combine to mutate into another variant? or mutate individually?
• This may sound like a silly question but how is it, when a seed is planted in the ground, that it knows which way to grow? How can a seed, buried down in the darkness, know where the sun is so as to grows upwards and similarly know where the water is so as to grow the roots downwards?
• Why is the Moon's Core Cooling?
• Ask Anything Wednesday - Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science
• Can someone help break down this Covid-19 Delta variant vaccine ADE research?
• Do all autoimmune antibodies appear on antinuclear antibody titers?
• Where do germs go when they’re killed?
• Why is the Hubble Sphere expanding?
• What made it so hard to develop an HIV vaccine and what about mRNA technology makes it a more promising candidate for this?
• What type of enzymes break down urine?
• How are vaccines tested for efficacy?
• What are the primers for SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing?
• How many fundamental particles are there?
• Can volcanoes form from 2 colliding continental plates?
• Why do photons always move at the same speed?
• How do you track the orbital track of a satellite over another planet without a ground station?
• What proportion of transretinal is regenerated into 11-cis-retinol?
• Have there been any recent studies or information regarding COVID and its infection rate in smokers?
• Why is there a burning sensation after a tissue injury? (eg: sprained wrist, etc)
• How can power have an imaginary component?
• Are there areas on the planet that are naturally so radioactive that taking a walk through them leads to radioactive poisoning?

Why is everyone computing tons of digits of Pi? Why not e, or the golden ratio, or other interesting constants? Or do we do that too, but it doesn't make the news? If so, why not? Posted: 17 Aug 2021 09:33 PM PDT submitted by /u/Murelious [link] [comments]

Did the ocean go through the same mass extinction 65 million years ago that the dinosaurs also experienced? Posted: 17 Aug 2021 08:52 PM PDT This is just an assumption, but it seems like the deep sea wouldn't get as affected by the so-called meteor then the land would. And even after the meteor strike, I feel like the survival rate would be a lot better in the ocean. And like we have experiences of deep sea gigantism today. I feel like there should just be more deep sea gigantic reptilians as well. I mean like I've heard that like alligators, and sharks and shit have been like around for like long ass times. So why don't we have more like big boys in the ocean nowdays? You know like the size of whales or bigger. submitted by /u/JoeyPepperoni101 [link] [comments]

Is it possible for us to catch 2 or more variant of covid-19? If so, can those variants inside our body fuse/combine to mutate into another variant? or mutate individually? Posted: 18 Aug 2021 04:13 AM PDT submitted by /u/slash2die [link] [comments]

This may sound like a silly question but how is it, when a seed is planted in the ground, that it knows which way to grow? How can a seed, buried down in the darkness, know where the sun is so as to grows upwards and similarly know where the water is so as to grow the roots downwards? Posted: 17 Aug 2021 12:35 PM PDT submitted by /u/lacks_imagination [link] [comments]

Why is the Moon's Core Cooling? Posted: 18 Aug 2021 07:29 AM PDT According to NASA, the moon's core is cooling, making the it shrink in size. If the Moon has the same amount of mass with an even smaller diameter, shouldn't the pressure make the Moon heat back up? Also, consequently, get a bit bigger (But that's beside the point)? submitted by /u/TheRealCrazyKingBest [link] [comments]

Ask Anything Wednesday - Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science Posted: 18 Aug 2021 07:00 AM PDT Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...". Asking Questions: Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists. Answering Questions: Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience. If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here. Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away! submitted by /u/AutoModerator [link] [comments]

Can someone help break down this Covid-19 Delta variant vaccine ADE research? Posted: 18 Aug 2021 04:25 AM PDT This article was recently shared with me in an attempt to discourage me from getting my child vaccinated against Covid-19. That biased me against the article immediately, but Journal of Infection appears to be a reputable, peer-reviewed source. At a high level, the article appears to be saying that generation 1 mRNA vaccines show a preference (in a lab environment?) for ENHANCING Covid-19 Delta variant infections. Every news report I have seen up until now has indicated that, although breakthrough infection is more possible with the Delta variant, vaccination has strong co-indications with less severe infection, easier hospital stays, and survival, regardless of variant, so I don't understand what, ultimately, these "Enhancing Antibodies" are doing and whether this actually presents a cause for concern, as Yahi, Chahinian, and Fantini seem to be saying ("ADE of delta variants is a potential risk for current vaccines") or if this simply helps to explain WHY the Delta variant is slightly more likely to result in a breakthrough infection. The conclusion of the article absolutely doesn't support the "don't vaccinate your kid" message of the person who shared it (simply saying more research is needed), as it says more study is needed, but I'd still like to ensure I understand the article correctly. https://www.journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-4453(21)00392-3/fulltext#relatedArticles Edit to fix broken link submitted by /u/thain1982 [link] [comments]

Do all autoimmune antibodies appear on antinuclear antibody titers? Posted: 18 Aug 2021 07:47 AM PDT I'm having difficulties understanding how the suite of antibody tests fit into the diagnostic process for autoimmune disorders. It was my vague understanding that any appreciatively positive result for a specific autoimmune antibody would also correlate to a positive ANA titer (ie, the ANA is a general test and further testing is to specify the type of antibody present). Is this a matter of reference ranges, instead? Is it possible to have an ANA titer below the generally accepted reference range but a specific antibody concentration above its corresponding reference range? submitted by /u/SomethingPunnier [link] [comments]

Where do germs go when they’re killed? Posted: 18 Aug 2021 01:38 AM PDT If there's a table covered with germs, and you spray some disinfectant on it, are the germs still there, but dead? Or does the cleaner make them evaporate? I guess I'm just asking what happens to germs and other microscopic organisms when they die? submitted by /u/Turbulent_Compote_83 [link] [comments]

Why is the Hubble Sphere expanding? Posted: 18 Aug 2021 12:00 AM PDT I've seen several sources that claim the hubble sphere (the point where objects begin to travel away from us faster than the speed of light) is expanding and only say because of the expansion of the universe, but if things are accelerating away from us as well, wouldn't the hubble sphere be decreasing in size? submitted by /u/xVenomDestroyerx [link] [comments]

What made it so hard to develop an HIV vaccine and what about mRNA technology makes it a more promising candidate for this? Posted: 18 Aug 2021 12:00 AM PDT submitted by /u/awkward_replies_2 [link] [comments]

What type of enzymes break down urine? Posted: 18 Aug 2021 07:29 AM PDT Hi, I find many many products and product recommendations for enzyme cleaners to act upon uric acid crystals (in a word, to eliminate urine stains and smells). But, when I look closer at the ingredients or MSDS data, I find absolute garbage information, like the product is composed of live bacteria, or composed of antimicrobials, or both. Especially with cleaning materials it seems like there is a dearth of clear information available. The best I have found is : https://nationalincontinence.com/pages/removeurine My question: What kind of enzyme(s) are used to eliminate urine stains, and what temperature range, pH range or any other requirement is needed for the compound to work effectively? (I'm happy to referred to a more appropriate sub) submitted by /u/spammmmmmmmy [link] [comments]

How are vaccines tested for efficacy? Posted: 17 Aug 2021 09:34 PM PDT Specifically, I read a story about a new potential mRNA vaccine for HIV that made me curious. I did some googling, but everything said they "are tested" and are "monitored for safety" but I'm curious about the actual methodology used to determine effectiveness. How they test for safety would probably be interesting too, but I'm more interested in the efficacy test Take the HIV example... I mean, you can't exactly just go about giving someone a shot and exposing that person to a potentially-debilitating, very expensive, lifelong, uncurable illness..... can you? And you can't really just let the person go about their life after the shot hoping they're exposed to the disease and call it a success if they don't get sick. So, how do they actually test the vaccine? submitted by /u/UnkindPotato [link] [comments]

What are the primers for SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing? Posted: 18 Aug 2021 06:49 AM PDT TaqMan? SYBR Green? or is it not standardized? submitted by /u/squirrelynugget [link] [comments]

How many fundamental particles are there? Posted: 17 Aug 2021 08:30 PM PDT It doesn't look like this has been asked before, and it seems like a simple question, but this article says there are 57 fundamental particles, this article says there are 36 fundamental particles, this article says there are 31 fundamental particles, and this article says there are 12 fundamental particles. So how many fundamental particles are there and what gives with the descrepencies between each of these articles? Have some fundamental particles not really been observed / proven, but are only suspected to exist? submitted by /u/Imminent_Extinction [link] [comments]

Can volcanoes form from 2 colliding continental plates? Posted: 17 Aug 2021 11:29 PM PDT In my very limited understanding, you need an oceanic and a continental plate for volcanoes to form? Or am I wrong? submitted by /u/Meowthful127 [link] [comments]

Why do photons always move at the same speed? Posted: 18 Aug 2021 05:23 AM PDT Not much more to it, this question just popped into my head. I don't remember learning the why of photons only moving at the speed of light, no more, no less. submitted by /u/Notagunner96 [link] [comments]

How do you track the orbital track of a satellite over another planet without a ground station? Posted: 18 Aug 2021 05:14 AM PDT With Earth orbiting satellites we have ground stations, but what about a satellite orbiting Mars for instance, are we able to tell the position of the satellite in relation to surface coordinates on another planet? submitted by /u/AuContraireRodders [link] [comments]

What proportion of transretinal is regenerated into 11-cis-retinol? Posted: 18 Aug 2021 04:39 AM PDT It can't be 100%, or else there would never be any need to add additional retinol into the system through the diet. Do we know how much it is? Google and the usual scholarly sources are coming up blank for me. submitted by /u/jamesbeil [link] [comments]

Have there been any recent studies or information regarding COVID and its infection rate in smokers? Posted: 17 Aug 2021 02:34 PM PDT I remember early on in the pandemic through to April and May of 2020, there was speculation that smokers were under-represented as COVID patients with significant infections, some calling it a "smoker's paradox". Has there been any more information regarding this idea? submitted by /u/tots4scott [link] [comments]

Why is there a burning sensation after a tissue injury? (eg: sprained wrist, etc) Posted: 18 Aug 2021 03:53 AM PDT Why is there a burning sensation after a tissue injury? (eg: sprained wrist, etc) submitted by /u/KermitIsOnFire [link] [comments]

How can power have an imaginary component? Posted: 17 Aug 2021 09:51 PM PDT Okay, I did mechanical engineering for a few years undergrad, and I recall for a motors course we were taught power triangle. Power can have real and imaginary components, but how can something that's imaginary exist in the physical world? Is it something that we can harness? Is there any intuitive understanding to this? I sometimes plug in my phone charger and think there's so much happening that I'm just overwhelmed lol. Would love an explanation about this, or resources to learn more! Find it very interesting :) Also yea, I guess I should've paid more attention in class.... submitted by /u/willie_wonkerson [link] [comments]

Are there areas on the planet that are naturally so radioactive that taking a walk through them leads to radioactive poisoning? Posted: 18 Aug 2021 02:27 AM PDT submitted by /u/calico_crayon_ [link] [comments]

You are subscribed to email updates from AskScience: Got Questions? Get Answers.. To stop receiving these emails, you may unsubscribe now.	Email delivery powered by Google
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AskScience AMA Series: Hey Reddit! We are NASA scientists that study Earth systems, how they're changing, and how they impact our favorite foods. Ask us anything about agriculture, drought, and food security!

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• AskScience AMA Series: Hey Reddit! We are NASA scientists that study Earth systems, how they're changing, and how they impact our favorite foods. Ask us anything about agriculture, drought, and food security!
• Are there viruses who can replicate in the human body without damage?
• How did the jawless vertebrate immune system evolve?
• How is addiction and dependence differentiated?
• How exactly does training for muscle hypertrophy work? Why do muscles grow the best at a certain intensity and certain volume?
• If we don't burn fossil fuels is the accumulated carbon lost forever?
• Are people with aphantasia less prone to hallucinations?
• Are there any creatures with a single type of cone in their eye?
• If Haiti and the Dominican Republic share the same island, why does Haiti seem to experience more Earthquakes and Hurricanes?
• What is the descend speed of submarines ?
• How are electrons replenished when an element gives off electrons?
• In the 40s the US worked to eradicate malaria in the South through spraying of pesticides (like DDT), draining wetlands, and using things like mosquito nets. But mosquitoes (including ones of species that transmit malaria) still exist in the South. How was just the disease eradicated?
• How important are black ants to ecosystems in urban areas? What would happen if they were eradicated?
• How did the Island of Sulawesi in Indonesia form?
• How do they measure the trajectory/map the movement of subatomic particles, like in the LHC?
• What do the studies indicate about covid-19 vaccines effects on fetus and babies?
• A black hole can have greater gravity than objects bigger than it?
• What are symptoms of Silver poisoning besides argyria?
• Do plants like sundews(drosera), which grow worldwide, come from the same original plant? Or did they all independently adapt and mutate in a similar fashion?
• When a vaccinated person is infected with a strain of a virus different from the one they were vaccinated against, do they create different anitbodies?

AskScience AMA Series: Hey Reddit! We are NASA scientists that study Earth systems, how they're changing, and how they impact our favorite foods. Ask us anything about agriculture, drought, and food security! Posted: 17 Aug 2021 04:00 AM PDT When you think of NASA, you might think of rockets and space exploration, but did you know we play a big role in the food you eat? From space, Earth satellites have a unique view of fishing, ranching and farming our favorite foods, fruits, veggies, and grains! NASA data helps farmers and local communities address issues like water management, crop-type identification, land use, and sustainable farming processes. As the climate continues to warm, drought preparedness and food security continue to be challenges that NASA data helps overcome. We're here from 4pm - 5pm ET (16-17 UT) to answer your questions about agriculture, drought, food security, and NASA data. Ask us anything! Amber McCullum: Research Scientist and Project Manager in Applied Sciences, BAERI/NASA Ames Research Center Erika Podest: Scientist, Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems Group, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Kerry Cawse-Nicholson: ECOSTRESS Science Lead, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Matthew Rodell: Acting Deputy Director of Earth Science for Hydrosphere, Biosphere, and Geophysics, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Username: /u/nasa submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator [link] [comments]

Are there viruses who can replicate in the human body without damage? Posted: 16 Aug 2021 03:41 PM PDT submitted by /u/Joe94 [link] [comments]

How did the jawless vertebrate immune system evolve? Posted: 17 Aug 2021 07:16 AM PDT "Jawless vertebrates do not have immunoglobulins (Igs), the key proteins to B-cells and T-cells. However, they do possess a system of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins that make up variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs). This system can produce roughly the same number of potential receptors that the Ig-based system found in jawed vertebrates can.[4] Instead of recombination-activating genes (RAGs), genes coding for VLRs can be altered by a family of cytidine deaminases known as APOBEC, possibly through gene conversion.[5] Cytidine deaminase 1 is associated with the assembly of VLRA and VLRC and cytidine deaminase 2 appears to assemble VLRB.[1][3]" This is from wikipedia. I wonder, how did VLRs evolve and how did cystidine deaminases evolve to affect the VLR genes in the right way? submitted by /u/ChardCommercial7579 [link] [comments]

How is addiction and dependence differentiated? Posted: 16 Aug 2021 08:48 PM PDT Can two people take part in substance use, both using the same drug, same amount and same schedule of use suffer from different psychological associations with that substance ? Can one be classed as addicted and the other only be classed as having a dependence ? Could someone else use the same substance than these other two and use it more regularly and not have an addiction to the substance or even a dependence ? How are addiction and or dependence determined? submitted by /u/ieatmushrooms7 [link] [comments]

How exactly does training for muscle hypertrophy work? Why do muscles grow the best at a certain intensity and certain volume? Posted: 16 Aug 2021 10:36 AM PDT The general rule of training for hypertrophy - as opposed to training for strength - is something like 70% your maximum, 10 repetitions per set. Those are generalized numbers, I'm not being accurate and this is broscience, but the core advice given is "less intensity and more repetitions will increase the size of your muscles instead of the strength." Alot of sites explain how but not why the muscles respond that way. Why at that amount and duration? submitted by /u/Ergheis [link] [comments]

If we don't burn fossil fuels is the accumulated carbon lost forever? Posted: 17 Aug 2021 03:26 AM PDT Without humans extracting oil, would Earth run out of carbon as more and more fossil fuels are naturally made from dead organisms over millions of years? submitted by /u/xPleasen [link] [comments]

Are people with aphantasia less prone to hallucinations? Posted: 16 Aug 2021 07:33 PM PDT submitted by /u/bolyai [link] [comments]

Are there any creatures with a single type of cone in their eye? Posted: 17 Aug 2021 02:20 AM PDT So we humans have 3 color receptors, a dog had 2, and insects like bees have 4. Is there anything with only 1 color receptor? submitted by /u/anotherguy252 [link] [comments]

If Haiti and the Dominican Republic share the same island, why does Haiti seem to experience more Earthquakes and Hurricanes? Posted: 17 Aug 2021 06:31 AM PDT submitted by /u/Prof_Quackers [link] [comments]

What is the descend speed of submarines ? Posted: 17 Aug 2021 02:52 AM PDT Submarines are coming to World of Warships and I am trying to figure out how realistically it was implemented. It seems the submarines in wows currently dive very fast... not sure if that is realistic, right now about 1 to 2 meters per second... seems a bit way too fast ? ​ Does the propeller at the back actually help the diving process ? submitted by /u/SkybuckFlying [link] [comments]

How are electrons replenished when an element gives off electrons? Posted: 16 Aug 2021 04:57 PM PDT My understanding is that, as an example, the piezoelectric effect causes a crystal to shed electrons in the form of electricity if pressure is applied. If a crystal was to move electrons where do they move to, can the element or compound be stable for an infinite time? I know chemical bonding will directly move electrons between or among atoms. Silicone and gallium arsenide will shed electrons when struck by photons (I think). Does the photon replace the elections lost? submitted by /u/scuzzo500 [link] [comments]

In the 40s the US worked to eradicate malaria in the South through spraying of pesticides (like DDT), draining wetlands, and using things like mosquito nets. But mosquitoes (including ones of species that transmit malaria) still exist in the South. How was just the disease eradicated? Posted: 16 Aug 2021 01:22 PM PDT I suppose this may count as a history question so maybe this isn't the right place. But I am confused as to how mosquitoes, including the "common malaria mosquito", can still exist in the South but somehow the disease transmitted through the mosquitoes was eradicated. During the period of eradication did they just have a time where they had somehow just killed all the mosquitoes and so all the ones that could've had malaria were dead but then non malaria carrying ones of the same species just came back? The stuff I've looked up explaining the process just kind of go "we used DDT, draining stagnant water, and nets to get rid of malaria) but I don't see how that gets rid of malaria and not mosquitoes (which it obviously didn't). submitted by /u/KnightCyber [link] [comments]

How important are black ants to ecosystems in urban areas? What would happen if they were eradicated? Posted: 16 Aug 2021 01:24 PM PDT submitted by /u/d7856852 [link] [comments]

How did the Island of Sulawesi in Indonesia form? Posted: 17 Aug 2021 12:21 AM PDT submitted by /u/Echidna299792458 [link] [comments]

How do they measure the trajectory/map the movement of subatomic particles, like in the LHC? Posted: 16 Aug 2021 11:33 AM PDT I have soo many questions about the measuring equipment. I know someone who works with a Mass Spectrometer and LCMS. They seem to have lots of fine-tuning issues on picking up the proper measurements because (I think) is so much larger than what you are actually trying to measure. If that is the case with molecule-sized matter.. what the heck sort of instruments do you need to project the movement of subatomic particles in a 3D space? submitted by /u/AnonymousAutonomous [link] [comments]

What do the studies indicate about covid-19 vaccines effects on fetus and babies? Posted: 17 Aug 2021 02:17 AM PDT The official position in my country (not US) is that the covid-19 vaccine is "not contraindicated" during pregnancy. I'd like to understand what are the possible side effects of these vaccines on fetus and on babies once they're born. English is not my first language, I apologize for any mistakes. submitted by /u/Aaaldebaran [link] [comments]

A black hole can have greater gravity than objects bigger than it? Posted: 17 Aug 2021 01:40 AM PDT Is it true that black holes can have a greater gravity than objects bigger than them and if so, how is this possible? I've been taught the greater the mass, the greater the force of gravity? Also, I read that if a black hole the size of a penny is in your pocket, then it would devour the whole earth, which again relates to the question. Answers would be greatly appreciated. submitted by /u/Party_Wolverine_6595 [link] [comments]

What are symptoms of Silver poisoning besides argyria? Posted: 16 Aug 2021 05:53 PM PDT Besides turning the skin blue or bluish gray what other symptoms are there to silver Poisoning? I found an article that mentioned liver damage, lung and eye irritation and changed in blood cells but what about the silver in the body caused these symptoms and what are the changes in the blood cells ? The main thing mentioned about silver Poisoning is always the argyria. submitted by /u/Mahxiac [link] [comments]

Do plants like sundews(drosera), which grow worldwide, come from the same original plant? Or did they all independently adapt and mutate in a similar fashion? Posted: 16 Aug 2021 02:19 PM PDT I grow carnivorous plants, and sundews seem to come from all over the planet despite remoteness. Ones from South Africa are almost identical to the ones I have from Florida. submitted by /u/dragonflyfoto [link] [comments]

When a vaccinated person is infected with a strain of a virus different from the one they were vaccinated against, do they create different anitbodies? Posted: 16 Aug 2021 03:36 PM PDT So with Covid-19, the vaccines are made with the original strain, so are antibodies work against the original strain. But when a vaccinated person gets infected with the Delta variant, in addition to making the OG antibodies, will the immune system also make antibodies specific to the Delta variant? Or will it just produce the OG antibodies? And to a further extent, if we made a vaccine against the Delta variant specifically, would it help at all with already vaccinated people or will it just reinforce the main strain antibodies? submitted by /u/gregfess [link] [comments]

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