Why are the largest black holes we know of so far away from us?

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• Why are the largest black holes we know of so far away from us?
• How to understand that Godel's Incompleteness theorems and his Completeness theorem don't contradict each other?
• How does chickenpox keep re-appearing if it's so hard to get it twice?
• How did the Suez Canal and the Panama Canal affect the local ecosystem in their area?
• Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology
• How does Yersina Pestis cause three separate, all fatal diseases?
• When were carbon dioxide measuring devices first invented?
• How do we differenciate between dark matter and black holes?
• How do the nodes of Ranvier (myelin sheath gaps) allow for the faster propagation of action potentials?
• What does high level mathematical study give us?
• Do covid-19 challenges to vaccinated subjects increase or decrease antibody titers in serum?

Why are the largest black holes we know of so far away from us? Posted: 04 Aug 2021 02:16 AM PDT The YouTube channel Kurzgesagt recently uploaded a video on some of the largest known black holes, and I noticed that most of the larger ones they discuss seem to also be the furthest away. OJ 287 and TON 618 are both in the billions of light-years away from us. As we look into the distant universe, we are also looking back in time, due to the time it takes the light to travel to us from there. Therefore, we are seeing these ultramassive black holes as they were billions of years ago. But black holes, as far as we understand them, tend to only grow over time. Shouldn't we therefore expect to see smaller black holes when we look back in time, and larger black holes closer to the present, nearer to us? submitted by /u/Martinus_XIV [link] [comments]

How to understand that Godel's Incompleteness theorems and his Completeness theorem don't contradict each other? Posted: 03 Aug 2021 10:01 AM PDT As a layman, it seems that his Incompleteness theorems and completeness theorem seem to contradict each other, but it turns out they are both true. The completeness theorem seems to say "anything true is provable." But the Incompleteness theorems seem to show that there are "limits to provability in formal axiomatic theories." I feel like I'm misinterpreting what these theorems say, and it turns out they don't contradict each other. Can someone help me understand why? submitted by /u/azneb [link] [comments]

How does chickenpox keep re-appearing if it's so hard to get it twice? Posted: 03 Aug 2021 04:44 PM PDT All the comparisons of Delta COVID to chickenpox in terms of communicability made me wonder - if almost everyone gets chickenpox as a child and is then immune, how does it keep coming back? There must be a vector for it, I mean there has to be one kid who gets it and gives it to the rest - how do they come into contact with it if adults are basically immune? Does it just, like, exist in the air forever? How has it not been eradicated by herd immunity at this point? Would love an explanation for this. submitted by /u/rustchild [link] [comments]

How did the Suez Canal and the Panama Canal affect the local ecosystem in their area? Posted: 04 Aug 2021 07:46 AM PDT submitted by /u/choesmr [link] [comments]

Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology Posted: 04 Aug 2021 07:00 AM PDT Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...". Asking Questions: Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists. Answering Questions: Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience. If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here. Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away! submitted by /u/AutoModerator [link] [comments]

How does Yersina Pestis cause three separate, all fatal diseases? Posted: 03 Aug 2021 10:50 AM PDT I used to think that bubonic, pneumonic and septicemic plague are caused by three different pathogens. Today I found out they're all caused by the same bacteria - how does it infect either lungs, blood or lymph nodes, and how does one kill you from bleeding out internally, and the other by destroying you lymph nodes? Are those different molecular mechanisms or the same mechanism, manifesting in different ways? submitted by /u/AccountGotLocked69 [link] [comments]

When were carbon dioxide measuring devices first invented? Posted: 04 Aug 2021 06:32 AM PDT submitted by /u/sleephelp2 [link] [comments]

How do we differenciate between dark matter and black holes? Posted: 03 Aug 2021 08:02 AM PDT you cant see them, you can only calculate their position by studying their gravital influence on other objects. how do you know if you got a black hole or dark matter? submitted by /u/BambusleitungTV [link] [comments]

How do the nodes of Ranvier (myelin sheath gaps) allow for the faster propagation of action potentials? Posted: 03 Aug 2021 07:50 PM PDT Is it because increasing distance diminishes the effect of action potentials, so you can't have just one myelinated sheath? Is there an optimal number of nodes/length? Is there a diminishing returns in the number of myelin sheath gaps? Wouldn't an neuron whose axon has an infinite amount of nodes behave similarly to a neuron that is not myelinated? submitted by /u/JaeHoon_Cho [link] [comments]

What does high level mathematical study give us? Posted: 03 Aug 2021 08:22 PM PDT May sound like a stupid question to some but I'm having trouble understanding how new advanced mathematical study is used to explain things like how AI works. Is it kinda like if simple addition didn't exists and a farmer was struggling to know how many apples he had. A mathematician would discover "hey if you add one apple and another you have two apples" which revolutionises apple stock taking? submitted by /u/comet0y0ursenses [link] [comments]

Do covid-19 challenges to vaccinated subjects increase or decrease antibody titers in serum? Posted: 03 Aug 2021 09:03 AM PDT Looking for research into systemic response and to what degree do the antibody titers change in response to exposure and the time-frame after vaccination. submitted by /u/FistulaKing [link] [comments]

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Why can't you refuel while the engine is running?

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• Why can't you refuel while the engine is running?
• SARS-Cov-2 has been found in dogs, deer, primates, bats, etc. is it common for a virus to be so widely spread between species?
• The situation with bee Colony Collapse across the world: Have bans against certain pesticides made an impact?
• How do hospitalization rates among unvaccinated individuals due to the Delta variant compare to those of previous strains?
• Does the half-life of atoms change depending on the molecule they are in? So for example can the half-life of any uranium isotope be any different if it's bound in uranium fluoride or sth.?
• When deciduous trees prepare for winter, is the trigger from the local weather or from the sun light’s intensity?
• Why is Galactosylation of total immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-inflammatory?
• Where does the energy go during the latent heating phase?
• How does altitude affect tree growth?
• If gravity bends light particles, is it possible we see some stars twice ?
• What do we know about Covid reinfection risk with the delta variant?
• Why are vaccines not given to adults as they are developed?
• How can we see things beyond the Oort Cloud if we cannot see the Oort Cloud itself?
• Why are there clumps of atoms of the same element (such as iron) in Earth's crust?
• Why don't Orcas attack humans?

Why can't you refuel while the engine is running? Posted: 02 Aug 2021 11:18 AM PDT I know this 'rule' in the context of cars, but I assume also true for airplanes and boats. Why is this the case? Its not like refuelling opens the combustion chamber... And if fumes are the ones in danger to ignite, couldn't that happen from the petrol in the tank anyway? Excuse my poor knowledge of internal combustion engines ! Edit: Thanks for all the answers. To simplify, I will make a clarification before going to sleep; for a car in a gas station, what would cause ignition? The electrical wiring? The buildup of static charge? The heat in the engine components? Or the engine's combusting? ... For a brand new car what would be the main danger, and how has this changed over the years i.e. by using different materials / engine design? submitted by /u/nickoskal024 [link] [comments]

SARS-Cov-2 has been found in dogs, deer, primates, bats, etc. is it common for a virus to be so widely spread between species? Posted: 02 Aug 2021 02:07 PM PDT submitted by /u/brotherwarren [link] [comments]

The situation with bee Colony Collapse across the world: Have bans against certain pesticides made an impact? Posted: 02 Aug 2021 06:22 PM PDT I'm not fully informed on the topic, but to my understanding, EU banned certain pesticides and the US have not. What's the 2021 situation on pollinators in the EU vs the US? submitted by /u/salfkvoje [link] [comments]

How do hospitalization rates among unvaccinated individuals due to the Delta variant compare to those of previous strains? Posted: 02 Aug 2021 06:00 PM PDT With COVID-19 cases on the rise once again, one thing that has become clear is the fact that nearly all patients who are hospitalized as a result of infection with the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 have not yet received any form of immunization against the virus. However, what's less obvious is the likelihood of hospitalization between relevant strains of the virus among unvaccinated comparable populations. Have there been any reviews that have looked into differences in hospitalization risk between these variants? submitted by /u/Rocket_Sciencetist [link] [comments]

Does the half-life of atoms change depending on the molecule they are in? So for example can the half-life of any uranium isotope be any different if it's bound in uranium fluoride or sth.? Posted: 02 Aug 2021 11:42 AM PDT submitted by /u/ApartKnowledger [link] [comments]

When deciduous trees prepare for winter, is the trigger from the local weather or from the sun light’s intensity? Posted: 02 Aug 2021 04:06 PM PDT If it stayed 90°F into November/December at latitudes 40-45°N, would the trees remain green or would they still lose their leaves due to decreased daylight hours/light intensity from being tilted away from the sun? Or maybe even lose their leaves triggered by an internal clock coded within the tree's genetics submitted by /u/entity_TF_spy [link] [comments]

Why is Galactosylation of total immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-inflammatory? Posted: 03 Aug 2021 01:18 AM PDT anti-inflammatory in the sense that digalactosylated N-glycans reduce glycanage? (also why is sialic acid also anti-inflammatory when attached to the terminal chain of an IgG?) What is the upstream effector of both? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5867308/ ​ submitted by /u/inquilinekea [link] [comments]

Where does the energy go during the latent heating phase? Posted: 02 Aug 2021 04:27 PM PDT I understand temperature is the average kinetic energy of a substance, basically how fast the disordered motion of each molecule is. What I don't understand is why the temperature should stop increasing at the phase transition temperature until the latent heat has been overcome? For a solid melting, why do the molecules collectively "decide" to stop moving faster once they reach the melting point, wait until they get enough energy (which is going where? Loosening/widening the intermolecular bonds?), and then what causes the sudden phase transition, followed by increasing in temperature normally again? Why does the phase transition depend on the overall temperature of the bulk instead of being more or less molecule-for-molecule? Also, why is the latent heat different for fusion and vaporization for water, what exactly is different about the hydrogen bonds in ice and in liquid if the molecules are the same? Please explain in physical instead of mathematical terms, I want to know what's going on with the molecules themselves in space. Thank you for any answers. submitted by /u/United-Hippo2852 [link] [comments]

How does altitude affect tree growth? Posted: 02 Aug 2021 03:59 PM PDT Aside from differences in nutrients and soil composition, climate and temperature, would partial pressure differences of gases (esp oxygen and water) in the atmosphere affect tree growth? Also, would the rate of oxygen release of trees in higher altitudes vs lower altitudes differ? Any papers would also be appreciated! submitted by /u/snowkitty_ [link] [comments]

If gravity bends light particles, is it possible we see some stars twice ? Posted: 02 Aug 2021 02:20 PM PDT For example: Is it possible that light made 360 around some mass and then travelled back and one of small stars on the sky is Sun? How can we be sure about distance and location of stars on night sky? submitted by /u/shy_clone [link] [comments]

What do we know about Covid reinfection risk with the delta variant? Posted: 02 Aug 2021 11:31 AM PDT I've seen lots of coverage regarding the incidence of "breakthrough" delta variant infections in vaccinated people, but what is the data telling us about the risk to people who were previously infected and not otherwise vaccinated? submitted by /u/CowfishAesthetic [link] [comments]

Why are vaccines not given to adults as they are developed? Posted: 02 Aug 2021 01:25 PM PDT When i was young, lots of vaccines which my child gets now did not even exist. Some of those diseases are very dangerous (meningitis). Why don't we adults get these vaccines. Can I just go and get all the vaccines my child gets (MMR, Varicella and everything) because I really do not know what I got 4 decades back! submitted by /u/freespirit2016 [link] [comments]

How can we see things beyond the Oort Cloud if we cannot see the Oort Cloud itself? Posted: 02 Aug 2021 06:02 PM PDT submitted by /u/putanythinghere74 [link] [comments]

Why are there clumps of atoms of the same element (such as iron) in Earth's crust? Posted: 02 Aug 2021 11:37 AM PDT I hope my question is clear enough. Essentially, given that Earth and the solar system formed from wafting gas and dust of all kinds of elements, how come there are things like "iron deposits" on Earth that have trillions upon trillions of iron atoms all together with each other homogenously? How come iron atoms on Earth aren't "all mixed together" with other elements' atoms? submitted by /u/canadave_nyc [link] [comments]

Why don't Orcas attack humans? Posted: 01 Aug 2021 08:29 PM PDT These aquachads have teeth that would give batman nightmares and are the absolute apex predators of three quarters of the planet (with the other 25% being land), and prey on things as fearsome as Great White sharks, which do eat humans, even if very rarely. And yet, whenever the subject of orca predation is discussed on documentaries and such, it's always mentioned that no wild Orca has ever killed and eaten a human even once in all of recorded history. Why is that? submitted by /u/sin-and-love [link] [comments]

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Are there any published reports of the increased risk of catching COVID during air travel and what are the findings?

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• Are there any published reports of the increased risk of catching COVID during air travel and what are the findings?
• What happens when lightning strikes the ocean?
• Is our solar system self sufficient?
• Why doesn't the immune system attack Implanon (birth control implant) in most people?
• Is a river's water temperature affected by weather?
• Can the ISS orbit the earth in such a way that is always day? (Or night?)
• Why are adverse reactions to vaccines more common in younger people than older people?
• Does the cosmic microwave background represent the whole universe, even the parts that are currently outside our observable universe?
• Why does Covid-19 affect males more than females?
• How does a mammals body generate it's own heat? What can't reptiles do that?
• How common are caves?
• Would multi-party barter solve the coincidence-of-two-wants problem?
• How to calculate the force upon a point within a Vortex?
• During ACL reconstruction surgery, typically a hamstring tendon or patellar tendon graft is used as a new ACL. Is this graft typically more efficient/stronger than the original ACL tendon?
• What would Saturn and the other planets / gas giants look like to the naked eye from their moons or other higher orbits? Would they be really bright like our moon, like the images we see online, or kind of dim?
• If wood doesn’t conduct electricity, why do trees often get strick by lightning?
• What would a neutron star look like exactly? What color does a hyper dense ball of neutrons make?

Are there any published reports of the increased risk of catching COVID during air travel and what are the findings? Posted: 01 Aug 2021 11:04 AM PDT Do we know yet if air travel has been rendered more risky today, and by what degree, as a result of COVID19 infectivity during extended time in an enclosed cabin, with at least one other person actively transmissive with the virus? submitted by /u/JackassTheNovel [link] [comments]

What happens when lightning strikes the ocean? Posted: 01 Aug 2021 12:41 PM PDT To be honest I'm not sure if lightning even strikes the ocean but if it does then what happens? Like when it strikes a pool apparently people can get electrocuted if they're in the pool, does the same thing happen in the ocean? Would the nearby fish die? How far away from the impact of the lightning do you have to be to get affected by the electricity? submitted by /u/ohwordddddd [link] [comments]

Is our solar system self sufficient? Posted: 02 Aug 2021 12:18 AM PDT In a hypothetical universe where our solar system was the only thing that happened to form would everything turn out the same? submitted by /u/MeasurementDangerous [link] [comments]

Why doesn't the immune system attack Implanon (birth control implant) in most people? Posted: 01 Aug 2021 11:50 PM PDT Why doesn't it attack and try to destroy the implant like it does with other foreign bodies? submitted by /u/WhaleThatsAProblem [link] [comments]

Is a river's water temperature affected by weather? Posted: 02 Aug 2021 01:57 AM PDT During summer I often go swim in a nearby mountain stream with friends. According to them, It is not good to dive on sunny days after It has rained, because the rain may have cooled the whole stream. Honestly It seems very stupid to me as a reasoning since the water of the streams is running, but they still claim that the temperature is higher on sunny days. I know this is a dumb question, but could their theory be in part true? Thanks submitted by /u/MirNov0 [link] [comments]

Can the ISS orbit the earth in such a way that is always day? (Or night?) Posted: 01 Aug 2021 12:30 PM PDT If it so chooses? For the people onboard that is. Edit: Thank you guys for such wonderful responses. Summarizing the things I learned today for anyone else who might have a similar question: Constant day is possible - constant night, not so much. More like constant eclipse - but not really night. (Have I got this right? L1, L2, L3, L4, L5 points - and they're pretty darn far away from Earth! SSO or Heliosynchronous orbit + the Terminator line (I had heard this before, memory rejogged) The fact that ISS could, in theory, do a lot of stuff. But practically speaking, won't make sense. Fuel is a big (but not the only) factor in determining point 4. Orbit stability is a thing! (Seem fairly obvious in hind sight...) It's not a bad idea to get familiar with Keplerian terms if one is interested in Space submitted by /u/Bingeljell [link] [comments]

Why are adverse reactions to vaccines more common in younger people than older people? Posted: 02 Aug 2021 06:03 AM PDT I was looking through the adverse reactions to the COVID vaccines, and I found it interesting that the CDC report that younger people are more likely to experience (or at the very least report) an adverse reaction to the COVID vaccines than if you were older. I would have thought it would be the opposite (due to older people having weaker immune systems)? Can someone explain this phenomenon? Is this something of all vaccines? What's the biological mechanism here? Refer to table 1 of https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7008e3.htm: 64.9% of 18 to 49 report an adverse reaction. I thought perhaps it was to do with unequal category sizes (18 to 49, versus say 50 to 64), but I don't think it is as this represents 2/3 of the total. P.S. I really don't want to get into a debate about whether or not people should take the vaccine or not (I think people at risk, definitely should). I simply want to understand why vaccines effect different age groups in different ways. (For some reason moderators removed this post... This is a legitimate medicinal question, but for some reason I'm not even allowed to ask it) submitted by /u/MaBrowser [link] [comments]

Does the cosmic microwave background represent the whole universe, even the parts that are currently outside our observable universe? Posted: 01 Aug 2021 08:21 PM PDT submitted by /u/riksarkson [link] [comments]

Why does Covid-19 affect males more than females? Posted: 02 Aug 2021 07:12 AM PDT submitted by /u/nickoskal024 [link] [comments]

How does a mammals body generate it's own heat? What can't reptiles do that? Posted: 01 Aug 2021 08:39 AM PDT submitted by /u/15th_anynomous [link] [comments]

How common are caves? Posted: 01 Aug 2021 08:26 AM PDT Are they common enough to where at any given moment you're likely to be standing above a channel of caves? Or are they not quite as common. How deep could they theoretically go? submitted by /u/conqwin1 [link] [comments]

Would multi-party barter solve the coincidence-of-two-wants problem? Posted: 01 Aug 2021 06:30 AM PDT The double coincidence of wants problem makes barter impractical – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coincidence_of_wants If the chances of a random Joe having the thing I want are p, the chances of him having what I want AND me also having what he wants are p² But what if we connect thousands of people together using an internet clearinghouse, so that A can give something to B, B to C, C to A. That would make match-ups more likely, surely. Some software projects like haveneed.org and https://github.com/epandurski/cmbarter have envisioned this, though none is particularly well-developed IMO https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/109184 deals with this question a bit, but only up to 3 parties, not for larger numbers of parties. we find that for small p, allowing three-cycles can greatly improve the waiting time over the two-cycles only setting. Specifically, we find that a greedy policy achieves an average waiting time of Θ(1/p2 ) in setting a, and Θ(1/p3/2 ) in setting b. So the average time you're waiting for the software to match you with a trading partner falls from 1/p² (in a two-way swap) to 1/p1.5 (in a three-way swap), unless I'm misunderstanding the big-O notation. That is a big improvement. They also say "Our result leaves open the case of larger cycles,i.e.k >3". I'll let you read their conjecture on that. I could use an explanation from someone who understands big-O notation; how does a probability convert to a time? My question, in practical terms, is whether an eBay-for-barter would be feasible. I'm sure it's not with two-party swaps, but might it be with computer-mediated 10-party swaps? submitted by /u/CharacterSafety9 [link] [comments]

How to calculate the force upon a point within a Vortex? Posted: 01 Aug 2021 02:33 AM PDT Hello! I had a bit of an epiphany yesterday night, but I don't quite get what to make of it. So i'm here asking for your help. How would one calculate the force upon a certain point within a vortex? I don't even know if Vortex is the right word - imagine a cylinder or tube, with water running through it, and i basically want to know how or what method would be used to calculate the force upon a certain point. For ease, right now i'd be happy with being able to calculate just one single point, as opposed to focusing on an equation that would cover any point. The size of this space, or the dimensions of the tube/cylinder would be relevant, however the intent is to have a way to determine what is happening at that point. I hope i'm making sense. If I need to clarify anything to make it more clear, please let me know. In my head, all of the above is very fluid dynamics related, or at least we will use some type of fluid dynamics to make such a calculation. Please help. Mahir submitted by /u/mahir [link] [comments]

During ACL reconstruction surgery, typically a hamstring tendon or patellar tendon graft is used as a new ACL. Is this graft typically more efficient/stronger than the original ACL tendon? Posted: 31 Jul 2021 04:53 PM PDT submitted by /u/systemctl_status_me [link] [comments]

What would Saturn and the other planets / gas giants look like to the naked eye from their moons or other higher orbits? Would they be really bright like our moon, like the images we see online, or kind of dim? Posted: 31 Jul 2021 04:52 PM PDT submitted by /u/LiberalJewMan [link] [comments]

If wood doesn’t conduct electricity, why do trees often get strick by lightning? Posted: 31 Jul 2021 03:45 PM PDT submitted by /u/purchell53 [link] [comments]

What would a neutron star look like exactly? What color does a hyper dense ball of neutrons make? Posted: 31 Jul 2021 02:49 PM PDT Most matter that we see is a jumbled collection of protons, neutrons, and electrons. But a neutron star is pretty much "oops! All neutrons!". So aside from possibly glowing from intense heat, what would it look like close up? submitted by /u/Lazy-Falcon-2340 [link] [comments]

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Why does it take 2 weeks for the Covid vaccine to take effect? Would immune-suppressing drugs affect vaccine effectiveness if taken during these two weeks?

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• Why does it take 2 weeks for the Covid vaccine to take effect? Would immune-suppressing drugs affect vaccine effectiveness if taken during these two weeks?
• Why are Marie Curie's possessions kept in lead boxes?
• When did the most recent common ancestor of coronaviruses and influenza viruses exist?
• How do forbidden quantum transitions happen?
• Why do high pressure cylinders most often have rounded bottoms?
• Have any typical brain fog treatments been studied for people who have covid-induced brain fog?
• Is your risk of developing myocarditis from the COVID-19 vaccine greater if you have been previously diagnosed?
• How is sea level throughout geologic time determined?
• We often hear about the fastest land animal on Earth being the cheetah. But what would the fastest land animal be over a distance of a marathon? How high would the top human runners rank?
• How long does live prey live in the gullet of a predator for, and what is the cause of death?
• Why does weather radar only use one spinning dish?
• If sleep cycles are approximately 90 minutes, why is the recommended amount of sleep 8 instead of 9 hours?

Why does it take 2 weeks for the Covid vaccine to take effect? Would immune-suppressing drugs affect vaccine effectiveness if taken during these two weeks? Posted: 31 Jul 2021 10:52 AM PDT Immune suppressing drugs such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, alcohol, cannabis etc. (Not seriouser stuff like chemo and steroids) ETA: I'm wondering specifically about the MRNA vaccines. And I'm referring to common anti-inflammatories like the ones listed, not the immunosuppressive drugs used in cancer treatments or organ transplants. ETA2: I don't know why comments keep getting deleted. I'm not the one deleting them??? submitted by /u/PRODUCTIVEstoner94 [link] [comments]

Why are Marie Curie's possessions kept in lead boxes? Posted: 31 Jul 2021 09:35 PM PDT I keep seeing posts like this saying her body and belongings are so radioactive that they're kept in lead boxes. The Radium isotope with the longest half life is Ra256, which is an alpha emitter. The longest lived Polonium isotope has a half life of 4 months and is also an alpha emitter. She worked with Uranium and Thorium - much longer lived but also alpha emitters. So you should be able to store them in a cardboard box - you just don't want to handle them in ways that might cause you to ingest or breathe in radioactive material. So what are they contaminated with that requires a lead box? submitted by /u/jns_reddit_already [link] [comments]

When did the most recent common ancestor of coronaviruses and influenza viruses exist? Posted: 31 Jul 2021 01:02 PM PDT In some quarters comparisons between covid and the flu have been taken so far as to claim that covid is a flu. Such claims seem patently incorrect, as the viruses belong to different taxa - but just how wrong is it? Would it be comparable to claiming that cats are dogs, or more akin to equating cats and nematodes? I'm assuming here that all viruses have a shared ancestry, as it seems to be the case for all organisms conventionally considered alive (bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes). Do we know for sure that this is the case for viruses, or is it possible that they appeared more than once? submitted by /u/PhysicalStuff [link] [comments]

How do forbidden quantum transitions happen? Posted: 31 Jul 2021 03:02 PM PDT Ok, so I majored in (bio)chemistry and work in chemistry for my job. I have an introductory knowledge of quantum physics and how it is different from classical models, but not a deep mathematical understanding. One thing that spectroscopists mention often is "forbidden" quantum transitions. I gather that these are supposedly against the rules of physics, so in my understanding they should never occur, but they very much do. So, they are much longer lived quantum states because of their "forbidden" nature disallowing an "allowed" path to relax back to ground state, but they still manage to do so, but slower. I don't understand how something can be against the laws of physics and still happen. Wouldn't that imply that our understanding of what's happening incomplete and we need a better model? submitted by /u/Notorius_Nudibranch [link] [comments]

Why do high pressure cylinders most often have rounded bottoms? Posted: 31 Jul 2021 11:51 AM PDT Is it reliant on the way they're manufactured? submitted by /u/quadmasta [link] [comments]

Have any typical brain fog treatments been studied for people who have covid-induced brain fog? Posted: 31 Jul 2021 04:25 PM PDT It's my understanding that brain fog can be caused by a variety of different things. Some people with ADHD, CFS, etc. experience brain fog. Brain fog can also appear due to lack of sleep, illness, etc. It's also my understanding that treatments like amphetamines (Adderall) can usually effectively reduce brain fog symptoms, regardless of cause. So my question is has anyone studied the effect of amphetamines or other stimulants on covid brain fog? submitted by /u/dc2b18b [link] [comments]

Is your risk of developing myocarditis from the COVID-19 vaccine greater if you have been previously diagnosed? Posted: 31 Jul 2021 09:48 AM PDT submitted by /u/Gucci_little_piggie [link] [comments]

How is sea level throughout geologic time determined? Posted: 31 Jul 2021 07:39 PM PDT Many geologists since the dawn of sequence and seismic stratigraphy have attempted to craft sea level curves for the last 540 million years (Phanerozoic). How are these made? Is it a matter of calculating the proportion of marine vs. continental sedimentary units in a specific place? Or does it have to do with systems tracts? submitted by /u/jesus-chrysocolla [link] [comments]

We often hear about the fastest land animal on Earth being the cheetah. But what would the fastest land animal be over a distance of a marathon? How high would the top human runners rank? Posted: 30 Jul 2021 05:24 PM PDT submitted by /u/Hamdoulillah [link] [comments]

How long does live prey live in the gullet of a predator for, and what is the cause of death? Posted: 30 Jul 2021 04:49 PM PDT I'm thinking of live prey that has been swallowed whole without envenomation, as in a pelican swallowing fish. submitted by /u/Stonius123 [link] [comments]

Why does weather radar only use one spinning dish? Posted: 30 Jul 2021 04:56 PM PDT I get that it only scans one line so it needs to sweep to get a complete picture, but that means that the sampling rate for any given direction is equal to the RPM of the dish. So why not have 3 dishes 120 degrees out of phase so you get an effective sample rate of 3 times the RPM? I would imagine in meteorology the finer resolution you could achieve would have a great effect on accuracy? submitted by /u/showponies [link] [comments]

If sleep cycles are approximately 90 minutes, why is the recommended amount of sleep 8 instead of 9 hours? Posted: 30 Jul 2021 09:56 AM PDT Basically title. Five 90 minutes cycles would be 7 hours 30 minutes, and six 90 minute cycles would be 9 hours. Is there any reason 8 hours of sleep is the decided upon number? Or just good 'middle ground'? Thanks! submitted by /u/mxlun [link] [comments]

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