AskScience Panel of Scientists XXV

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• AskScience Panel of Scientists XXV
• Why does the speed of light being constant for all observers imply spacetime is non-Euclidean?
• If our ears locate the direction which a sound comes from by the time lag between our two ears, how does it determine if it's in front or behind of us?
• Does the Hoover Dam need the water from Lake Mead to stay structurally sound?
• What makes the oceans so salty? Was it a one-time event, or does this naturally happen with giant pools of water? How come the Great Lakes don’t turn to salt water?
• Do animals get mental illnesses? What does it look like for them?
• How closely related are the 600 putative ubiquitin E3 ligases from each other?

AskScience Panel of Scientists XXV Posted: 24 Jul 2021 10:25 PM PDT Please read this entire post carefully and format your application appropriately. This post is for new panelist recruitment! The previous one is here. The panel is an informal group of Redditors who are either professional scientists or those in training to become so. All panelists have at least a graduate-level familiarity within their declared field of expertise and answer questions from related areas of study. A panelist's expertise is summarized in a color-coded AskScience flair. Membership in the panel comes with access to a panelist subreddit. It is a place for panelists to interact with each other, voice concerns to the moderators, and where the moderators make announcements to the whole panel. It's a good place to network with people who share your interests! ------------------- You are eligible to join the panel if you: Are studying for at least an MSc. or equivalent degree in the sciences, AND, Are able to communicate your knowledge of your field at a level accessible to various audiences. ------------------- Instructions for formatting your panelist application: Choose exactly one general field from the side-bar (Physics, Engineering, Social Sciences, etc.). State your specific field in one word or phrase (Neuropathology, Quantum Chemistry, etc.) Succinctly describe your particular area of research in a few words (carbon nanotube dielectric properties, myelin sheath degradation in Parkinsons patients, etc.) Give us a brief synopsis of your education: are you a research scientist for three decades, or a first-year Ph.D. student? Provide links to comments you've made in AskScience which you feel are indicative of your scholarship. Applications will not be approved without several comments made in /r/AskScience itself. ------------------- Ideally, these comments should clearly indicate your fluency in the fundamentals of your discipline as well as your expertise. We favor comments that contain citations so we can assess its correctness without specific domain knowledge. Here's an example application: Username: /u/foretopsail General field: Anthropology Specific field: Maritime Archaeology Particular areas of research include historical archaeology, archaeometry, and ship construction. Education: MA in archaeology, researcher for several years. Comments: 1, 2, 3, 4. Please do not give us personally identifiable information and please follow the template. We're not going to do real-life background checks - we're just asking for reddit's best behavior. However, several moderators are tasked with monitoring panelist activity, and your credentials will be checked against the academic content of your posts on a continuing basis. You can submit your application by replying to this post. submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator [link] [comments]

Why does the speed of light being constant for all observers imply spacetime is non-Euclidean? Posted: 24 Jul 2021 01:18 PM PDT I'm a layman when it comes to physics, so the question may be ill-formed and/or incorrectly framed. I'm trying to really grasp the nature of (flat) spacetime. I'm watching this video, and she says how there's no way for the speed of light to be constant for all observers if spacetime were Euclidean. If I take the speed of light being constant for all observes as axiomatically true, then I feel like I'm close to grasping flat spacetime, but I don't really understand why this statement has to be the case. I'm guessing there's a simple mathematical proof that shows why the spacetime is basically a series of hyperbolic contours -- can someone point me to that? submitted by /u/millenniumpianist [link] [comments]

If our ears locate the direction which a sound comes from by the time lag between our two ears, how does it determine if it's in front or behind of us? Posted: 24 Jul 2021 05:49 PM PDT submitted by /u/Timegoal [link] [comments]

Does the Hoover Dam need the water from Lake Mead to stay structurally sound? Posted: 24 Jul 2021 12:42 PM PDT I've been reading articles about how low the water level is in Lake Mead and it got me thing about two things. Does the concrete that was used to build the dam rely at all on being continuously wet (i.e. is the concrete prone to crumbling prematurely when it's dry for extended periods of time)? Since the dam was built to hold back tremendous pressure from the lake now that the lake is so low is there concern that the dam could collapse into the lake because the water isn't there to balance things out? The thing was built during the Great Depression and wasn't sure, at the time, if they ever factored the lake ever drying up in their engineering plans. submitted by /u/frupp110 [link] [comments]

What makes the oceans so salty? Was it a one-time event, or does this naturally happen with giant pools of water? How come the Great Lakes don’t turn to salt water? Posted: 23 Jul 2021 08:27 PM PDT submitted by /u/BayBreezy17 [link] [comments]

Do animals get mental illnesses? What does it look like for them? Posted: 23 Jul 2021 10:58 PM PDT submitted by /u/thermal7 [link] [comments]

How closely related are the 600 putative ubiquitin E3 ligases from each other? Posted: 23 Jul 2021 11:59 PM PDT submitted by /u/inquilinekea [link] [comments]

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Since mosquitoes and flies find their prey partially by following the odor of CO2, will increasing ambient CO2 in the atmosphere interfere with their ability to hunt? What concentration would we expect to see an impact?

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• Since mosquitoes and flies find their prey partially by following the odor of CO2, will increasing ambient CO2 in the atmosphere interfere with their ability to hunt? What concentration would we expect to see an impact?
• When a person develops an alcohol tolerance by drinking frequently, does that mean their BAC is actually lower after a drink than the average person?
• Is there any indication that extinct mammoths and mastodons support large fleshy trunks from looking exclusively at their skeletons?
• What happens if a volcano erupts violently underwater?
• How do Powerful North American East Coast Earthquakes Happen?
• How do crest whitening strips work to whiten teeth on a molecular level?
• What's the difference between the 'cell-mediated immunity' & the 'antibody immunity'.?
• If hydrogen doesn't contain any neutron, how does nuclear fusion lead to the creation of elements containing neutrons?
• Is COVID-19 reinfection unusual?
• How does the body deal with virus/bacteria mutating inside it? Can an pathogen mutate and the existing immune response be rendered useless?
• When walking across a rope bridge that is potentially weak equally throughout, is the greatest stress point in the middle or on one of the ends?

Since mosquitoes and flies find their prey partially by following the odor of CO2, will increasing ambient CO2 in the atmosphere interfere with their ability to hunt? What concentration would we expect to see an impact? Posted: 23 Jul 2021 06:43 PM PDT submitted by /u/whatisnuclear [link] [comments]

When a person develops an alcohol tolerance by drinking frequently, does that mean their BAC is actually lower after a drink than the average person? Posted: 23 Jul 2021 02:19 PM PDT submitted by /u/champagne_papaya [link] [comments]

Is there any indication that extinct mammoths and mastodons support large fleshy trunks from looking exclusively at their skeletons? Posted: 23 Jul 2021 07:01 PM PDT The idea popped into my head when looking up the skeletons of ancient mastodons and mammoths. We know they have trunks because of their living cousins, the very few soft tissue fossils that were fortuitously preserved, and ancient human artwork like Rouffignac Cave, but does soft tissue structure like this leave any indications on the bones themselves? In the paleo artwork I see, usually the trunks are drawn to be proportional to those of modern elephants, but what if this trait is more like Darwin's finch beaks where there's a whole range of lengths and shapes tailored to the animal's environment? We even have the Pygmy mammoths (akin to Darwin's finches) living off islands in California which had classic island dwarfism traits. Can we hypothesize any other morphological changes in them as well? This makes me wonder what other flesh structures on ancient creatures we've completely missed out on in the fossil record. An elephant would look pretty silly without its trunk, and there might be many ancient species we have very very incorrect understandings of their actual shapes. submitted by /u/AsAChemicalEngineer [link] [comments]

What happens if a volcano erupts violently underwater? Posted: 24 Jul 2021 02:27 AM PDT What happens if a volcano as powerful as krakatoa erupted deep underwater, could this even happen? why/why not submitted by /u/The_One_Piece_ [link] [comments]

How do Powerful North American East Coast Earthquakes Happen? Posted: 23 Jul 2021 11:26 PM PDT How did the 1817 or 1929 earthquakes happen? There's no subduction zone or fault per the article I'm reading (https://www.livescience.com/39507-bermuda-triangle-earthquake-1817-tsunami.html). The article says that there are just earthquakes along the continental shelf. Is there any research into the mechanisms behind this? Or has there been subsequent research finding something else at fault (geology pun :)? Is it just a fluke? Is it unknown? I couldn't find anything about these earthquakes with a big of digging. submitted by /u/Solid_Antelope2586 [link] [comments]

How do crest whitening strips work to whiten teeth on a molecular level? Posted: 23 Jul 2021 02:25 PM PDT Iirc it's hydrogen peroxide in a gel form, but is it's absorbed into the teeth or does it dissolve a layer, or something? submitted by /u/Sankronized [link] [comments]

What's the difference between the 'cell-mediated immunity' & the 'antibody immunity'.? Posted: 24 Jul 2021 03:08 AM PDT Several newspaper outlets report these two figures as measuring markers of herd-immunity whilst giving results of the seroprevelance survey done. What's exactly the difference between the two? Cell Mediated Immunity vs the antibodies? submitted by /u/nimitpathak51 [link] [comments]

If hydrogen doesn't contain any neutron, how does nuclear fusion lead to the creation of elements containing neutrons? Posted: 23 Jul 2021 08:20 AM PDT submitted by /u/HappyPhage [link] [comments]

Is COVID-19 reinfection unusual? Posted: 23 Jul 2021 09:10 AM PDT And is it true that reinfection comes with more serious symptoms? If you could attach studies/papers of reputable sources that'd be great. Thanks in advance. submitted by /u/Sylenxer [link] [comments]

How does the body deal with virus/bacteria mutating inside it? Can an pathogen mutate and the existing immune response be rendered useless? Posted: 23 Jul 2021 07:25 AM PDT submitted by /u/ThePigDot_26 [link] [comments]

When walking across a rope bridge that is potentially weak equally throughout, is the greatest stress point in the middle or on one of the ends? Posted: 22 Jul 2021 10:09 PM PDT I was watching a show where a heavy character was walking across a weak bridge and was wondering where the most dangerous part would be. submitted by /u/tehtimman [link] [comments]

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I’m curious about something: Do vaccines affect Delta variant as much as older variants? If not, How much difference

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• I’m curious about something: Do vaccines affect Delta variant as much as older variants? If not, How much difference
• Can moths or butterflies remember experiences from before their transformation?
• Which animal in the entire animal kingdom poops the most?
• What's the 'Mortality trend' in the covid-19 re-infection cases?
• How do we test for the different variants of Covid? (Alpha, beta, delta, lambda, yada)
• Why aren't Lagrange points the Earth-Moon system affected by the Earth-Sun system?
• What do we really know about the interior of gas giants?
• Would it hurt a caterpillar to metamorphose?
• How do we determine the age of the universe?
• Why are AstraZeneca and Pfizer equally effective in the real world but were wildly different in trials?
• How High Can Bugs Fly?
• what is the underlying cause of the Peltier effect?
• Do compost piles attract flying predators that eat mosquitos?
• What assays are used to measure protein solubility?
• Dubai is seeding clouds to produce rain. What are the larger climactic / weather implications of this action? What other countries/regions would be affected?
• Is there any health reason as to why someone couldn't take the COVID vaccine?
• What is the physiological mechanism behind why reaction times decline as we age? Is there anything that can offset this decline?
• Whats going on at a cellular level when someone gets frostbite?
• Why are none of the COVID vaccines Live vaccines? Would a Live vaccine not offer better immunity given that the actual whole virus is present?
• How does cancer actually kill you?
• What is the difference between annealing and tempering?
• Why do some phone companies say "%60 charge in 10 minutes" instead of saying "full charge in x minutes"? Does it get harder to charge when its closer to full capacity?

I’m curious about something: Do vaccines affect Delta variant as much as older variants? If not, How much difference Posted: 23 Jul 2021 03:32 AM PDT submitted by /u/AntoineGGG [link] [comments]

Can moths or butterflies remember experiences from before their transformation? Posted: 22 Jul 2021 09:48 AM PDT I was wondering if caterpillars have any sort of memory or habit forming patterns. Say for example they locate a really good area rich in food and other mates. After transformation is it possible for then to remember that location? Or are they completely born new and fresh and rely on instinct alone? submitted by /u/BlackSecurity [link] [comments]

Which animal in the entire animal kingdom poops the most? Posted: 22 Jul 2021 05:04 PM PDT submitted by /u/Cerealdilla [link] [comments]

What's the 'Mortality trend' in the covid-19 re-infection cases? Posted: 23 Jul 2021 06:27 AM PDT I'd like to know if there has been a research study yet (or an epistemological trend), as to, on the mortality rate of people who have had a covid Re-infection.? Any data on the people who have been with asymptomatic or mild or moderate (non-hospitalized) covid-infection the first time, how did they fare, during the second time(or so on), if indeed they get re-infected with novel Corona virus? Does any trend shows that people with re-infection were nearly immune to mortality, if they caught "non-hospitalization" kind of Corona the first time? submitted by /u/nimitpathak51 [link] [comments]

How do we test for the different variants of Covid? (Alpha, beta, delta, lambda, yada) Posted: 22 Jul 2021 11:23 AM PDT Do we look for different DNA sequences with the PCR tests, different symptoms? With all the media hammering on about the variants it would be nice to actually know how we identify these. submitted by /u/jolmigt [link] [comments]

Why aren't Lagrange points the Earth-Moon system affected by the Earth-Sun system? Posted: 22 Jul 2021 11:48 PM PDT This question came to me from reading this in the Lagrange point wiki: There are five such points, labeled L1 to L5, all in the orbital plane of the two large bodies, for each given combination of two orbital bodies. For instance, there are five Lagrangian points L1 to L5 for the Sun–Earth system, and in a similar way there are five different Lagrangian points for the Earth–Moon system. Is everything (all the systems above the Earth-Moon) already considered when calculating the Earth-Moon Lagrange points, or is there a reason they can be calculated in isolated and persist even when placed in a larger system such as the Earth-Moon? submitted by /u/CallSignNovember [link] [comments]

What do we really know about the interior of gas giants? Posted: 22 Jul 2021 01:12 PM PDT Like what are we actually certain of? Are there really layers where diamonds are known to precipitate? How does the carbon get back uonto higher layers to rain down again instead of accumulating somewhere lower? At what depth do metallic liquids occur? What sort of cores do gas giants have? Is there anything that we can say about the interior that has been ruled out by the Juno data or perhaps made more likely? How do people constrain the elemental budgets of non-terrestrial planets? Or maybe they just don't? How far could a meteorite penetrate into Saturn or Jupiter? submitted by /u/forams_galorams [link] [comments]

Would it hurt a caterpillar to metamorphose? Posted: 22 Jul 2021 01:37 PM PDT If the enzymes are liquefying their body structures, wouldn't that include melting their nerves? Would that hurt? We know caterpillars sense pain due to experiments where they have avoided stimuli that produce electric shock. Or does their brain 'melt' before they can even process the pain of melting nerves? submitted by /u/gaylurking [link] [comments]

How do we determine the age of the universe? Posted: 22 Jul 2021 05:34 PM PDT My understanding is the oldest light we can see is 14+ B years old... Since the universe is expanding, is it possible "older light" than the oldest light we see has already moved beyond a cosmic horizon, forever too far away? I'm sure there is an answer to this but I am curious. Thanks! submitted by /u/HappyHighwayman [link] [comments]

Why are AstraZeneca and Pfizer equally effective in the real world but were wildly different in trials? Posted: 23 Jul 2021 06:59 AM PDT In testing Pfizer was reported to be around 95% effective and AstraZeneca 70% effective. Yet, in Britain where millions of people have had them it appears that both are equally effective at around 90%. Why is this? Did the trials for AstraZeneca include asymptomatic cases and Pfizer not? EDIT for links: Public Health England: Hospitalisation Pfizer 96% AZ 92% https://www.gov.uk/government/news/vaccines-highly-effective-against-hospitalisation-from-delta-variant Another link saying they are similar https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.22.21255913v1.full It appears Pfizer is more effective than AstraZeneca against delta/Indian covid submitted by /u/porkbroth [link] [comments]

How High Can Bugs Fly? Posted: 22 Jul 2021 12:33 PM PDT Can a Dragonfly fly 1km up in the air? Is there a maximum to how high they can go? If so, why? Does this change from mosquito to bee to dragonfly? submitted by /u/MrMythiiK [link] [comments]

what is the underlying cause of the Peltier effect? Posted: 22 Jul 2021 05:35 PM PDT I looked online but I didn't find a lot of information about what causes the Peltier effect. Can someone explain it or point me towards some resources? submitted by /u/theOriginalDestroyer [link] [comments]

Do compost piles attract flying predators that eat mosquitos? Posted: 22 Jul 2021 05:17 PM PDT I've often wondered if my backyard compost pile helps to net reduce mosquito populations because it provides a stable food source for lots of flying insects (fruit flies in particular). Do fruit fly predators also eat mosquitos? Do you think the pile would have a significant effect on local mosquito populations? submitted by /u/pwoolf [link] [comments]

What assays are used to measure protein solubility? Posted: 22 Jul 2021 10:20 PM PDT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JUNQ_and_IPOD#Discovery mentions this below Solubility (e.g. by using the FRAP assay[11]) But gives no further details... submitted by /u/inquilinekea [link] [comments]

Dubai is seeding clouds to produce rain. What are the larger climactic / weather implications of this action? What other countries/regions would be affected? Posted: 22 Jul 2021 12:44 PM PDT https://www.cbsnews.com/news/dubai-uae-government-creating-rain-drones-cloud-seeding/ submitted by /u/BizzEB [link] [comments]

Is there any health reason as to why someone couldn't take the COVID vaccine? Posted: 22 Jul 2021 12:02 PM PDT Just wondering submitted by /u/xyuukox [link] [comments]

What is the physiological mechanism behind why reaction times decline as we age? Is there anything that can offset this decline? Posted: 22 Jul 2021 03:48 PM PDT submitted by /u/LogOrPost [link] [comments]

Whats going on at a cellular level when someone gets frostbite? Posted: 22 Jul 2021 02:15 PM PDT submitted by /u/pinkufur [link] [comments]

Why are none of the COVID vaccines Live vaccines? Would a Live vaccine not offer better immunity given that the actual whole virus is present? Posted: 23 Jul 2021 04:34 AM PDT Follow up questions, would a recovered infection provide a stronger immunity (damage caused by illness notwithstanding), and would Live vaccine/ recovery provide better protection against variants? I've tried looking this up but seem to only find fact-checking articles debunking claims about the vaccines containing the virus, or articles explaining how the current vaccines work. It also seems there isn't as much information about recovered immunity as opposed to the vaccines. Appreciate any help submitted by /u/piggyballs [link] [comments]

How does cancer actually kill you? Posted: 22 Jul 2021 01:55 PM PDT submitted by /u/panofsky0418 [link] [comments]

What is the difference between annealing and tempering? Posted: 22 Jul 2021 03:31 PM PDT It seems like both of these are used to refer to heat-treatment of metals, but (as I understand it) annealing tends to increase grain sizes while tempering reduces them. submitted by /u/nick_hedp [link] [comments]

Why do some phone companies say "%60 charge in 10 minutes" instead of saying "full charge in x minutes"? Does it get harder to charge when its closer to full capacity? Posted: 22 Jul 2021 06:10 AM PDT submitted by /u/imbadwiththis [link] [comments]

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If the coronavirus (sars-cov-2) spreads through aerosols flying out of people's nose/mouth, why do we need a sample from deep inside the nose to detect it instead of just taking a saliva/snot sample from people?

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• If the coronavirus (sars-cov-2) spreads through aerosols flying out of people's nose/mouth, why do we need a sample from deep inside the nose to detect it instead of just taking a saliva/snot sample from people?
• Why does fire produce light?
• If a tornado is measured on the Enhanced Fujita by damage, how is a tornado in an open field measured?
• Why do antibodies last for different lengths of times for different viruses? (And who controls the length, our bodies or the viruses?)
• If volcanoes are caused by temperature differences in the mantle, why are they not more common in the solar system / universe?
• How is the edge of a galaxy defined?
• Whatever happened to West Nile Virus?
• Is there any theoretical reason why a substance cannot have superconductivity only above a certain temperature, rather than below?
• Does the flu vaccine lose effectiveness gradually once the virus mutates, like the covid vaccine does with the variants? Or does the flu virus mutates so fast they become totally ineffective?
• Read an article about cloud seeding in UAE to help beat the heat. Got me thinking, is it possible to "over seed" clouds and if so what happens then?
• Does hair go grey or grow grey?
• As the radius of a black hole is linearly proportional to its mass, then would a swarm of tiny black holes with the same mass, would take so much less space, what happens if they are brought together close?
• Is the number of magma hot spots permanent?
• What are the differences between mRNA vaccines and the actual virus?
• How does homocysteine actually damage the cell/blood vessels/etc?
• What happens to a person’s oral hygiene while being in a coma?

If the coronavirus (sars-cov-2) spreads through aerosols flying out of people's nose/mouth, why do we need a sample from deep inside the nose to detect it instead of just taking a saliva/snot sample from people? Posted: 22 Jul 2021 02:03 AM PDT submitted by /u/NinnaHori [link] [comments]

Why does fire produce light? Posted: 21 Jul 2021 01:37 PM PDT submitted by /u/islandmycology [link] [comments]

If a tornado is measured on the Enhanced Fujita by damage, how is a tornado in an open field measured? Posted: 21 Jul 2021 05:16 PM PDT Also, could this mean that there are more EF5 tornados in more rural areas that go undocumented? submitted by /u/omahamama [link] [comments]

Why do antibodies last for different lengths of times for different viruses? (And who controls the length, our bodies or the viruses?) Posted: 21 Jul 2021 06:00 PM PDT submitted by /u/BrianVanSlyke [link] [comments]

If volcanoes are caused by temperature differences in the mantle, why are they not more common in the solar system / universe? Posted: 21 Jul 2021 08:34 PM PDT My understanding is that temperature differences cause pieces of the mantle to eat through the crust and once it comes all the way out we call it a volcanic eruption. If that's the case, shouldn't more or less all planets have at least a few volcanoes since it's very unlikely there will be no temperature gradient at all? Similar / possibly same question, why wouldn't just one or a few holes in the crust form early on in the life of a planet, and all "leaks" exit through those holes rather than new ones being created? submitted by /u/muddy_quotient [link] [comments]

How is the edge of a galaxy defined? Posted: 21 Jul 2021 03:42 PM PDT How do we know when we are "outside" or "inside" a galaxy? What defines the "border" of a galaxy? Also, what's there to be found in the space that doesn't belong to any galaxy? Are there stars or planets in those regions? submitted by /u/Dhost2500 [link] [comments]

Whatever happened to West Nile Virus? Posted: 21 Jul 2021 05:56 PM PDT I live in the Midwest and several summers ago, the news was filled with reports about West Nile Virus and how dangerous it was. While it's clear the CDC still tracks it, it doesn't get the media attention it once did, and I'm not aware of anyone I know having gotten it — I recognize that's not a scientific measure, but if there was a major disease outbreak, I'd expect to k is at least 2nd hand about someone who got it. So what happened? Did it end up being less of a problem than scientists initially expected? submitted by /u/ParentingOneAtHome [link] [comments]

Is there any theoretical reason why a substance cannot have superconductivity only above a certain temperature, rather than below? Posted: 21 Jul 2021 12:56 PM PDT Specifically, is it possible that some hypothetical, undiscovered substance can be superconductive but only above some temperature, rather than only below one, like all the ones I know of do so far? submitted by /u/domino7 [link] [comments]

Does the flu vaccine lose effectiveness gradually once the virus mutates, like the covid vaccine does with the variants? Or does the flu virus mutates so fast they become totally ineffective? Posted: 21 Jul 2021 07:59 PM PDT submitted by /u/frostwarrior [link] [comments]

Read an article about cloud seeding in UAE to help beat the heat. Got me thinking, is it possible to "over seed" clouds and if so what happens then? Posted: 21 Jul 2021 01:02 PM PDT submitted by /u/AreaLeftBlank [link] [comments]

Does hair go grey or grow grey? Posted: 21 Jul 2021 10:06 AM PDT I've got a long beard, there are some greys in it, I've pulled them all out before so either they are going grey or they are growing much faster than I thought (I think my beard has gotten to it's natural length as I have not perceived extra length in the last year or so, but it never seems to thicken up or anything). I'm just intrigued if the greys are growing out of my face grey or if otherwise coloured hairs are losing their colour? submitted by /u/fridgefreezer [link] [comments]

As the radius of a black hole is linearly proportional to its mass, then would a swarm of tiny black holes with the same mass, would take so much less space, what happens if they are brought together close? Posted: 21 Jul 2021 09:58 AM PDT Using numbers from this page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild_radius The question came from the formula given at the start r = 2GM/c^2, also the Berenstein bound existing. The largest black hole has density of 0.0045 kg/m3 and is bigger than the orbit of pluto. A Sun mass black hole would have density of 1.84×10^19 kg/m3 That is more than 20 orders of magnitude difference. So what if we put enough sun blackholes in the solar system, that would be just a few trillion, few km wide objects, with huge amounts of space to spare in between. Does the new thing suddenly become a black hole, once the critical mass has been reached in space? I assume it would, as otherwise, it would violate the Bekenstein Bound, no? What would the implications of that be, like how would a merger proceed, how would it look like? What if you are in the very center of the solar system, and the black holes fly in exceeding the limit, what happens to you? Also, how (and how fast) would the mass be redistributed? TLDR: How does the universe bend to preserve the Bekenstein Bound/Schwarzschild radius. submitted by /u/emelrad12 [link] [comments]

Is the number of magma hot spots permanent? Posted: 21 Jul 2021 11:35 AM PDT Is there any chance a new once could from somewhere? submitted by /u/Puidwen [link] [comments]

What are the differences between mRNA vaccines and the actual virus? Posted: 21 Jul 2021 03:14 PM PDT First off, I want to preface this question by saying I'm in no way shape or form and anti-vaxer, I recently got my second dose and I encourage everyone who hasn't already to do so if they can. So my understanding is that viruses are made up of an RNA delivery system which encapsulates its own RNA. The RNA delivery system acts as a sort of trojan horse letting the RNA into a cell leading it to follow the replication instructions. Now, mRNA vaccines, as I understand them also have those two parts. Lipid nanoparticle for the delivery system and a portion of the actual virus RNA inside. It seems like the mRNA vaccine "infects" cells in a similar way as an actual virus would. It even causes replication and elicits an immune response. So how come the virus causes more severe effects? Is it because of the infinite loop of infection and replication? Can the virus RNA contain harmful instructions other than just replication? On another note, how come we don't form antibodies against the lipid nanoparticle delivery system the same way we do against the spike protein? If our cells are so welcoming to lipid nanoparticles, how come viruses don't use that instead of spike proteins? Is the whole virus RNA too large to fit in a lipid nanoparticle? Thanks in advance! submitted by /u/aita_who_knows [link] [comments]

How does homocysteine actually damage the cell/blood vessels/etc? Posted: 21 Jul 2021 11:28 AM PDT submitted by /u/inquilinekea [link] [comments]

What happens to a person’s oral hygiene while being in a coma? Posted: 20 Jul 2021 09:45 PM PDT Like does someone come brush their teeth once in a while? submitted by /u/igivegoodradiohead [link] [comments]

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