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Sunday, May 16, 2021

Why major human body organs like kidneys and heart weaken or stop functioning in COVID patients?

Why major human body organs like kidneys and heart weaken or stop functioning in COVID patients?


Why major human body organs like kidneys and heart weaken or stop functioning in COVID patients?

Posted: 16 May 2021 05:12 AM PDT

I heard that when the virus enters the body it causes septicemia(bloodstream infection) which damages the organs.

submitted by /u/Asad_rind
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What is the difference between Absolute Risk Reduction(ARR) and Relative Risk Reduction(RRR) as it relates to COVID vaccines?

Posted: 15 May 2021 10:06 AM PDT

Can a mutated virus become a new disease?

Posted: 15 May 2021 07:00 AM PDT

Is it possible for there to be humans that are intelligent actors, but are not conscious?

Posted: 15 May 2021 02:42 PM PDT

By that I mean a human that can learn and act intelligently, and respond to external stimuli, but arn't actually awake inside their head.

Is it possible to actually know whether someone is awake inside?

submitted by /u/booleanfreud
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Is CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) a type of active or passive transport?

Posted: 15 May 2021 05:55 PM PDT

I started researching CF and saw that the CFTR protein channel is ATP gated; this confused me because many sites say that CFTR is a passive transport but if it is ATP gated, would it not use ATP to transport ions?

Maybe I just don't understand what ATP gated means

submitted by /u/jac5423
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How does Luminol act as a poison upon ingestion?

Posted: 15 May 2021 11:38 AM PDT

I'm reading the holocaust diary of Perechodnik and he recounts how he procured Luminol to act as a poison for his family who are facing certain death.

The one sister who dissolves three Luminol tablets in water, he says, "falls asleep quickly".

As this chemical interacts with blood. . . I can't see this as being a quick painless death.

Is he just being euphemistic?

EDIT: So apparently she didn't take enough and actually survived . . . only to then go to Treblinka II.

submitted by /u/myrichiehaynes
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Why doesn't air settle into its component gases?

Posted: 15 May 2021 08:25 AM PDT

As air is composed of several different gases each with a different density, why doesn't air settle into layers of different gas? I understand winds mix them, but I would've thought over a long time they would settle out somewhat

submitted by /u/ranta-may
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How confidently can we say that the benefits associated with Vitamin D are due to Vitamin D and not sunshine exposure or outdoor activity ? Do we know or can we guesstimate the amount of Vitamin D supplementation required for a person that can't get any direct sunlight exposure ?

Posted: 15 May 2021 07:50 AM PDT

Is science clearly telling the differences between the benefits of Vitamin D, sunshine exposure (I read there are benefits of infrared light exposure too for example) and outdoor activity ?

What are the benefits of Vitamin D that can be clearly distinguished from the benefits of sunshine exposure and outdoor activity ?

What are the benefits that are associated with Vitamin D but that can't be clearly distinguished from the benefits of sunshine exposure or outdoor activity ?

Do we know or can we guesstimate the amount of Vitamin D supplementation required for a person that can't get any direct sunlight exposure (such as night workers) ?

Does the form of Vitamin D supplementation, such as whether it's water or fat soluble matter ?

submitted by /u/FuzzyMethod
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Are there any differences between in vitro fertilized and naturally conceived people?

Posted: 15 May 2021 11:51 AM PDT

As I understand, the sperm is chosen under the microscope by a person, based on the motility, look. I am interested if there are any differences between group of people, that were IVF and the control group? Those can be any kind of differences, like athleticism, intelligence, disease prevalence, mental health. I would be also very thankful for links to the studies.

submitted by /u/NiceHumanBeing
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Where are all the insects and land arthopods during winter? What do they do to survive minus zero temperatures and big snow layers?

Posted: 15 May 2021 09:43 AM PDT

So this winter there was a lot of snow in my country and i was expecting to see less insects than other years. But there was the same ammount of insects, and even more than in other years. And i'm wondering how did they manage to survive the 50cm layer of snow we had this year

submitted by /u/RANDOM-902
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As lactase enzymes can assist those with lactose intolerance, why do we not have similar products for sulfites, gluten, caffeine... ect.?

Posted: 15 May 2021 11:29 AM PDT

I understand that there exists, to some level, "assistance/alleviation" for certain things, but in a world with nearly everything processed/pre-packaged/canned (sulfites), where mostly everyone is caffeine-addicted, I feel like the biopharma industry really isn't pushing a solution like they do with lactase pills.

submitted by /u/SkinWrath
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Why does hyperkalemia cause depolarisation of resting membrane potential?

Posted: 15 May 2021 08:42 AM PDT

I've struggled to understand why this is, as in my head increases in extracellular positive ions should cause a hyperpolarisation. Any help (hopefully in 5 year old language) would help.

submitted by /u/Kazmr
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How much matter actually participates in fission during a nuclear explosion?

Posted: 15 May 2021 04:39 PM PDT

Say you drop a nuclear bomb. At the moment of detonation is just material in the bomb itself what participates in the fission process and the rest of the explosion is created by the energy released or does the reaction spread outward and to what area?

submitted by /u/blindly_running
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Why does a motor get less efficient when rpm increases past peak efficiency?

Posted: 15 May 2021 09:32 AM PDT

When you talk about sleep waves, what are you actually talking about?

Posted: 15 May 2021 03:01 AM PDT

When you check this up online, these are the type of answers that are available - "The theta waves characteristic of Stage Two sleep are interrupted by occasional series of high-frequency waves known as sleep spindles. These bursts of activity have a frequency of eight to fourteen Hz and an amplitude of 50 to 150 µV. Sleep spindles generally last one to two seconds."

Can I know how and where is this frequency is produced? How does the electrical/mechanical magic relate with the experience we have ?

submitted by /u/tumer54
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Do people have different relative sizes for different parts of their brain, and if so does that contribute to people being talented at different things and having different personalities?

Posted: 15 May 2021 06:37 AM PDT

As we all know different parts of the brain perform different functions, and size (and folds which to me cooresponds with surface area) matter when it comes to the capability of a brain, so I am wondering if all the different parts come in a standard size or do they differ from person to person?

submitted by /u/evanhinton
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We always hear that dogs can smell cancer/alzheimer's/covid, are dogs ever actually used in this way?

Posted: 15 May 2021 01:55 AM PDT

It seems to be a recurrent science media news story that dogs can smell people in early stages of disease. However, do dogs actually ever get used in this way in a practical setting? Will they ever be used? Is it even useful to know that dogs can smell these things?

submitted by /u/Cypaytion179
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What causes rapid temperature change on a day to day basis?

Posted: 15 May 2021 09:56 AM PDT

Where I live it has been around 80 degrees Fahrenheit and then one day it goes to being low 60s possibly even in the 50s. What causes the random cold day in summer?

submitted by /u/MrBlurby
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What is the countercurrent exchange in kidneys?

Posted: 15 May 2021 05:18 AM PDT

If the blood entering and leaving has almost the same osmolarity, then what is the purpose of this exchange? To maintain the gradient,but I mean it is absorbing then secreting the same amount of water and solutes so what is the purpose and why does it have to be opposite to the fluid flow.

submitted by /u/Either-Ad8095
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Saturday, May 15, 2021

How do we get Vitamin D from sunlight?

How do we get Vitamin D from sunlight?


How do we get Vitamin D from sunlight?

Posted: 14 May 2021 09:17 AM PDT

I never really understood why, like do we have some special organelle in our cells that convert sunlight to vitamin D or is it something entirely different?

submitted by /u/Mayur6306
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How do scientists know an animal can see colors we humans can't? (And vice versa)

Posted: 14 May 2021 08:20 PM PDT

Yesterday I read a comment that said that shrimps can see colors humans can't see, don't know if it's true, but I wondered how they can know that, I mean, they can't see the color. And also there's the belief that dogs see in black and white.

Sorry if I'm saying bull crap :)

submitted by /u/Putoty
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Are there any good examples of species who hit an evolutionary “fork” and further evolved separately into both predator and prey?

Posted: 14 May 2021 11:57 AM PDT

That's about it really. I'm asking if the evolutionary trend towards either predator or prey is set in stone.

submitted by /u/5uperGIRL
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Why is the inner solar system rocky (inner planets), the outer solar system gas (outer planets), and the far outer solar system rocky (Oort cloud, transNeptunian objects)?

Posted: 14 May 2021 09:16 AM PDT

I get why the inner planets are rocky and the outer ones gas, but why do we "go back to rocky" when you go even further out from the outer planets?

submitted by /u/canadave_nyc
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Can fast-moving water freeze? What if vigorously stirred, shook or otherwise manipulated a bottle of water while lowering the temperature lower than freezing?

Posted: 14 May 2021 12:38 PM PDT

Does the terminal velocity of a rising bubble in water change if the bubble gets bigger?

Posted: 14 May 2021 11:20 AM PDT

Does iron stop being attracted by magnets when it gets hot enough?

Posted: 14 May 2021 09:29 PM PDT

I know that magnets have a certain temperature range at which they are magnetic. However if you were to wave a cold magnet over hot iron, assuming not significant heat transfer, would the iron still be attracted to the magnet?

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What does this frequent tremors of earthquake mean ?

Posted: 14 May 2021 11:50 PM PDT

Sorry about the bad English .

So the place where I live has been experiencing frequent small tremors of earthquakes . They aren't much in magnitude , would be around 2.0 in the Richter scale. There was one that was about 6.2 magnitude though.

I'm getting an ominous feeling that something big is going to happen . Does anybody know something about this phenomenon ?

Note: I live in an earthquake prone zone . A state called Arunachal Pranesh in India. We have little quakes from time to time but never this frequent .

submitted by /u/timerider911
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How is the last set of numbers in Coronavirus nomenclature decided on?

Posted: 14 May 2021 05:48 PM PDT

I understand that the naming system of variants is based on lineages, with "B1." Indicating the lineage of the variant can be traced back to the outbreak in Italy. How is the set of the next 3 numbers decided?

submitted by /u/SpicyClownfish
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What sort of geothermal power potential is there on Mars?

Posted: 14 May 2021 03:49 PM PDT

It seems that Mars might be active geologically speaking. So I'm wondering if future missions might take advantage of something like enhanced geothermal. It seems like that could really compliment more traditional solar/wind power with energy storage in the system.

submitted by /u/Memetic1
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How do meteorologist forecast the path of a cyclone so accurately?

Posted: 14 May 2021 07:20 AM PDT

What causes new moles to form?

Posted: 14 May 2021 06:46 AM PDT

What is the difference between desorption and degassing in vacuum science?

Posted: 14 May 2021 05:08 PM PDT

I am confused. Can someone simplify the concepts for me?

submitted by /u/calicomaria
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How does our DNA change in response to the environment?

Posted: 14 May 2021 12:29 PM PDT

Like how Sherpas got bigger lungs, how DNA knows which organ is vestigial, etc.

submitted by /u/EntertainmentOk6979
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Why does a lighter weight feel so much lighter immediately after lifting a heavier weight?

Posted: 14 May 2021 05:57 PM PDT

AstraZenica Effectiveness - how good is it?

Posted: 14 May 2021 01:35 PM PDT

Hi all. I've been seeing lots of material online about AZ vaccine having 90-95% efficacy, but in Canada our own government has published the following information claiming it is only 62% effective. Is this true?

https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/covid19-industry/drugs-vaccines-treatments/vaccines/astrazeneca.html

How it's given

The vaccine is given by 2 separate injections of 0.5 mL each into the muscle of the arm. For the vaccine to work best, you need to get 2 doses: a first dose and then a second dose 4 to 12 weeks later.

Immunity develops over time. It takes about 2 weeks to develop significant protection against COVID-19. For the greatest protection, you will need the second dose.

The AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine showed an effectiveness of about 62% in preventing symptomatic COVID-19 disease beginning 2 weeks after the second dose. This effectiveness rate is based on an analysis of results from participants who had received the 2 dose regimen that will be used in Canada.

submitted by /u/mcrackin
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Has SARS-Cov-2 been found in Bats in Africa?

Posted: 14 May 2021 09:21 AM PDT

I have recently read the following articles and it made me wonder:

April 14, 2021 This Angola variant tho: talk about 'MUBAR' 'The variant, named A.VOI.V2, carries 34 mutations, including 14 in the spike protein, which the virus uses to infect cells.' https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.30.21254323v1

13 May2021 B.1.620 Central Africa ---> Europe https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01285-4#correction-0

8May2021 B.1.620 'including E484K, S477N and deletions HV69Δ, Y144Δ, and LLA241/243Δ.' https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.04.21256637v1

Other human coronaviruses found in bats in Africa https://jvi.asm.org/content/91/5/e01953-16

submitted by /u/twohammocks
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Friday, May 14, 2021

What causes diarrhea? Specifically why and how is a virus causing the body to expel massive amounts of water?

What causes diarrhea? Specifically why and how is a virus causing the body to expel massive amounts of water?


What causes diarrhea? Specifically why and how is a virus causing the body to expel massive amounts of water?

Posted: 13 May 2021 09:37 PM PDT

Im in pain, distract me with science

submitted by /u/SymphoDeProggy
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How does COVID damage the lungs?

Posted: 13 May 2021 11:23 PM PDT

Read a lot about how harmful COVID can be to the lungs. Heard from an XRay tech that COVID lungs are almost white on the XRays.

Don't understand how it can cause that. What is in the virus that harms the lungs?

And how is it different from other diseases, like pneumonia?

submitted by /u/Jomsviking
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Why do most animals have their eyes, nose, and mouth clustered together in roughly the same way as other species?

Posted: 13 May 2021 02:40 PM PDT

Why are the eyes usually horizontally aligned, with a nose centered on the face and a mouth slightly below? What are the benefits of this over say having the eyes and the mouth on opposite ends of the body?

submitted by /u/ClassicDad-
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Statistics on post-vax infection?

Posted: 14 May 2021 07:33 AM PDT

An article on an outbreak in the Yankees organization makes me wonder how rare or common this is. The team had routine testing and eight vax'd members tested positive. All but one had no symptoms at all and the last had sufficiently minor symptoms he thought nothing of it.

I imagine relatively few vaccinated people go on to be regularly tested, so asymptomatic infection/recovery might be common and largely undetected. So two questions:

Is there any tracking or any studies on prevalence of post-vax asymptomatic infections?

Is there any evidence pertaining to subsequent transmission by such individuals?

submitted by /u/Wambo74
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How does rain effect cigarette smoke/the diffusion of odours?

Posted: 13 May 2021 11:09 AM PDT

I have just moved in opposite a flat full of very ignorant students. They smoke out of their kitchen window from about mid-day till 3-4am, which means if I have my windows open at any time that they are awake the smell of the smoke travels across the street (which is very narrow) and into my flat. Today has been very rainy and I have left my window open in my bedroom for several hours and have noticed that I haven't smelt any of their smoke, even though they have been smoking as usual. I wondered whether the rain has an effect on the diffusion of the smoke particles as they travel across the street and if so how? Or is something else sciency happening? I'm just really curious to know why.

submitted by /u/sweetchillichrisp
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Why is there very little atmospheric ash produced by the dramatic volcano now active in Iceland? The last newsworthy eruption caused immense ash clouds that shut down airports and diverted air traffic across Europe.

Posted: 13 May 2021 12:25 PM PDT

Do different objects/substances feel colder based on their ability to transfer and absorb heat?

Posted: 13 May 2021 09:48 AM PDT

For example, a when I grab two objects after being left alone overnight one may feel colder, but they would be at the same temperature right? Like aluminum versus cloth, is it because the aluminum just absorbs my body heat faster and "appears" colder or how else would this work?

submitted by /u/Audrey-bear
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If there was a sphere around earth, say 1 light year away, and someone on earth pointed a theoretical laser that could reach the inside of that sphere, and that someone moved that laser swiftly from one horizon to the other... would that observable laser dot move faster than light?

Posted: 13 May 2021 07:58 AM PDT

I had to shorten my title/question to fit. I hope it makes sense

submitted by /u/BrosefSmith
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Since there are rogue planets roaming the galaxy without a host star, are there also rogue stars roaming around intergalactic space? Rogue solar systems?

Posted: 13 May 2021 03:07 PM PDT

What is the mechanism by which veins clot after venipuncture?

Posted: 13 May 2021 01:57 PM PDT

Hi askscience,

I am aware of the clotting mechanism for arterial injury (primary and secondary haemostatic plug etc), but what is the mechanism by which veins stop bleeding after a blood has been taken?

Thanks

submitted by /u/leamboy
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How is the asthenosphere defined?

Posted: 13 May 2021 04:18 PM PDT

I'm interested to know how we define the top and bottom of it, whether the boundaries are sharp or gradual, what fine-scale properties make its rheology different from the lithosphere (and whatever mantle material is below it, if anything), and if there's any geophysical means of imaging it. I'm aware of the mineralogical/geophysical boundaries at 410 and 660 km depth, but those seem to be totally unrelated.

Additionally, back in my undergrad mineralogy class, I learned the term "mesosphere" for the mantle layer below the asthenosphere. I've never heard it since for describing anything in the mantle. Is that term still in use?

submitted by /u/cuicocha
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Is there a function or evolutionary reason for the distance between between the eyes and the occipital cortex where vision is processed?

Posted: 13 May 2021 11:02 AM PDT

The part of the brain that does the heavy lifting for visual processing seems almost intentional placed as far from the eyes as possible. I would have expected that vision, being a moderately old sense in evolutionary terms, would have developed those organs closer together given they would have developed in the context of much smaller brains. Is there some functional advantage to this distance, or is it just an unknown structural quirk?

submitted by /u/Risamim
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How do galaxies move and do they all move in the same way/speed?

Posted: 13 May 2021 10:15 AM PDT

Galaxies are gradually moving apart as part of the expansion of the universe, but I'm more curious about movement at a smaller scale. For example, the Andromeda galaxy will collide with the Milky Way in the distant future. Is this just regular high school physics gravitational attraction (as one documentary explained it) or is something else going on?

submitted by /u/dasfreak
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Can someone explain IAS (indicated air speed), TAS (true air speed), and groundspeed, and the difference between them?

Posted: 13 May 2021 07:38 AM PDT

What percent of US have Covid antibodies?

Posted: 13 May 2021 01:49 PM PDT

I assume this answer will be the sum of people with at least one shot of vaccine or previously infected and now recovered. But less the overlap.

This would seem to be a key stat in anticipating herd immunity, but I've never seen the composite number estimated from available data.

submitted by /u/Wambo74
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Has any group of animals that evolved from water to land and then back to water ever developed the ability to breath in water?

Posted: 13 May 2021 11:49 AM PDT

Is it possible for there to be no b-cell with the appropriate antibody for a pathogen... or any substance, for that matter?

Posted: 13 May 2021 05:36 PM PDT

Based on my understanding, b-cells randomly generate their surface antibodies. When it, encounters an antigen, should it also be graduated by a helper t-cell, then it proliferates and fights the infection. I understand the immense amount of b-cells and that they each have tons of surface antibodies. But I wonder if it's possible that there is no 'matching' antibody present in the body. Given that there is a finite amount of membrane-bound antibodies in the body, doesn't that make it possible that there is no b-cell to produce antibodies against a disease or any antigen for that matter?

Whether it's probable or not, I simply wonder if it's a possibility. Though, since the body is constantly making new b-cells, maybe one, assuming there isn't already a matching one in the body, will be generated at some point in time?
In short, is it possible there isn't a matching b-cell to an antigen, and furthermore, will one be made? How likely is it that it won't (assuming the premise that there isn't already a matching b-cell)?

A detailed explanation would be appreciated, but any information is too. Thanks!

submitted by /u/TheRealTraveel
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What are the specifics of why muscles twitch?

Posted: 13 May 2021 01:40 PM PDT

I looked it up and found things like muscle stress and fatigue but I want to know what happens at the individual level. What happens in the body that causes a muscle to twitch involuntarily? Does the muscle get a signal from a nerve, and if not, what at maybe the cellular level makes it do that?

submitted by /u/Katakana1
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How are covid vaccination rates calculated? Are all people counted in the percentages, or just the ones that can possibly be vacinated? Now that children over 12 can take the vaccine, do the percentages go down for total vaccination rates?

Posted: 13 May 2021 09:02 PM PDT

Is the Y chromosome passed from father to son unaltered?

Posted: 13 May 2021 10:11 AM PDT

My understanding of genetics is that gametes hold DNA that isn't a random splitting of the pairs of chromosomes of the parent. E.g. for chromosome 1, you have 1a and 1b, but a sperm cell will not hold either 1a or 1b, but a combination of both, through various exchanges of genes ("chromosomal crossover"?) between chromosomes during meiosis.

However, one pair of chromosomes cannot go through this process. The XY pair will be split and some sperms will receive the Y chromosome, and my question is: is this the exact same Y chromosome of the father? Or did it recombine / crossover with the X chromosome somehow?

In other words, and spontaneous mutations aside, as a male, do I have the exact same Y chromosome as my father had, and his father before, and my great grandfather before, etc.?

submitted by /u/cyssou
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Is it possible, that 'new' stars appear in our skies over the years?

Posted: 13 May 2021 10:35 AM PDT

What I mean is; as the years go by and the light from distant stars travel further toward us, is it possible that we could one discover a new super bright light from an ultra massive undiscovered space phenomenon? Or do we have a limit to how far we can actually see through space?

submitted by /u/Bunny-NX
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Thursday, May 13, 2021

AskScience AMA Series: COVID Variants and Vaccines - We are a physician scientist and emergency physician, ask us anything!

AskScience AMA Series: COVID Variants and Vaccines - We are a physician scientist and emergency physician, ask us anything!


AskScience AMA Series: COVID Variants and Vaccines - We are a physician scientist and emergency physician, ask us anything!

Posted: 13 May 2021 04:00 AM PDT

We will be answering your questions related to the latest information about COVID variants and vaccines starting 11a ET (15 UT). We want to bring clarity to the available science and data based on what is currently known.

  • Gregory A. Poland, M.D., FIDSA, MACP, FRCP (London) is a physician-scientist and the founding and current director of Mayo Clinic's Vaccine Research Group - a state-of-the-art research group and laboratory that seeks to understand genetic drivers of viral vaccine response and application of systems biology approaches to the generation of immunity, as well as the development of novel vaccines against emerging pathogens important to public health. The Poland lab developed the field of viral vaccine immunogenetics, the immune response network theory, and the field of vaccinomics and adversomics. Dr. Poland holds the academic rank of professor of medicine and infectious diseases and molecular pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. He is the Distinguished Investigator of the Mayo Clinic, and is the Editor-in-Chief for the journal Vaccine.
  • Elizabeth P. Clayborne, MD, MA Bioethics is an Adjunct Assistant Professor at the University of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine with an academic focus on ethics, health policy, end of life care, health disparities, and innovation/entrepreneurship. She developed a novel epistaxis device, bleedfreeze.com, as a resident and in 2015 was awarded the NSF I-Corps grant which helped to launch her company Emergency Medical Innovation, LLC. She is the former Chair of the MedChi Committee on Ethics and Judicial Affairs, serves on the Ethics Committee of the American College of Emergency Physicians and is an active member of the Society of Academic Emergency Medicine, the American Medical Association and the National Medical Association. Please follow her on Twitter and Instagram @DrElizPC
  • Medscape is the leading online global destination for physicians and healthcare professionals worldwide, offering the latest medical news, expert perspectives, and relevant professional education and CME. Twitter @Medscape @MedscapeCME

Poland and Clayborne sit on the steering committee for Medscape Education's Neutralizing the Pandemic Clinical Advances center, a clinician resource offering expert commentaries, CME opportunities, and new insights that aim to improve health outcomes for all patients. https://www.medscape.org/sites/advances/neutralizing-antibodies

Username: /u/Medscape

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Could a geo-stationary satellite hypothetically have a rope hanging down from it all the way to about a couple feet from the ground and appear to suspend in mid-air?

Posted: 12 May 2021 10:13 AM PDT

Wind aside, and assuming the satellite's altitude adjusts to counteract the weight of the extremely long rope to maintain geo-stationary orbit, could this actually happen?

submitted by /u/Marzoval
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Modified vs Messenger RNA?

Posted: 12 May 2021 10:09 PM PDT

Not sure if linking an article is allowed or if this is the right subreddit for this but this is the article in question- https://phys.org/news/2020-01-rna-effect-dna.html?_escaped_fragment_=&deviceType=desktop#:~:text=If%20genes%20that%20are%20important,in%20both%20mice%20and%20humans.

I'm just really confused by this article. It makes almost no sense to me and I thought I understood the science of protein creation relatively okay. If RNA is modified then it wouldn't enter the nucleus right? I thought RNA was a one-direction thing, once it's made it leaves the nucleus never to return.

submitted by /u/throwawaybye2020
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Does the asthenosphere actually exist?

Posted: 12 May 2021 11:31 AM PDT

I have been recently told (by high-school teachers, for what it's worth) that apparently geologists don't think the asthenosphere is a thing anymore. Having been through uni over 10 years ago, I could very well be out of date, but honestly, it came as a shock to me.

submitted by /u/Drop_John
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Does Ultrasound actually kills Covid-19?

Posted: 12 May 2021 01:30 PM PDT

https://news.mit.edu/2021/ultrasound-coronaviruses-damage-0316

Almost two months ago there was a research that says that ultrasound waves could actually damages Covid-19, but OC this was a computed simulation, Is there any further research? Does anyone know if this treatment has been aplied on any Covid-19 patient?

submitted by /u/sandfoxJ
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Does Remdesivir cause bone marrow suppression?

Posted: 12 May 2021 11:21 AM PDT

According to Wikipedia, Remdesivir is a prodrug of GS-441524 which is a nucleoside analog.

I know that nucleotides are the building blocks of both DNA and RNA, meaning nucleotide analogues that prevent the creating of viral RNA can also prevent the creation of normal cell DNA, meaning they can cause problems in dividing cells. This is also reflected in the nucleotide analogue article of Wikipedia:

They are not specific to viral DNA and also affect mitochondrial DNA. Because of this, they have side effects such as bone marrow suppression.

So does Remdesivir cause bone marrow suppression?

If not please explain why.

submitted by /u/nervousfiend
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Does frequency of ejaculation affect sperm production in humans?

Posted: 11 May 2021 02:21 PM PDT

For example, if someone ejaculates very rarely, will their body ramp down sperm production? Or conversely, if they ejaculate very frequently, will it increase?

I'm interested specifically in the rate of production, not the sperm count in the ejaculate.

Sorry this is probably an odd question.

submitted by /u/Full-Salad6645
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How old does something have to be to fossilize?

Posted: 11 May 2021 01:30 PM PDT

Are the fossilized cow or horse bones being found in America yet? Are there half-fossilized bones that are found?

submitted by /u/MrBragg
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How does the queen bee become the queen?

Posted: 11 May 2021 01:21 PM PDT

Is it some kind of birthright? Genetic? Do they just choose the biggest bee? Is there a raffle?

submitted by /u/ultranothing
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Isopods (Crustaceans) and pill millipides (Miriapoda) look almost exactly the same, yet one is considered a crustacean by the taxonomists and the other a miriapod. How can taxonomists classify species like this that look exaclty the same in completely different categories?

Posted: 11 May 2021 02:27 PM PDT

An image of a pill millipide

An image of an isopod

submitted by /u/RANDOM-902
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