Why do current-carrying wires have multiple thin copper wires instead of a single thick copper wire?

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• Why do current-carrying wires have multiple thin copper wires instead of a single thick copper wire?
• With the introduction of vaccines, even if a variant isn’t strictly “covered” by the vaccine due to changes in proteins, would there be enough “training” of the body’s immune system on how to deal with a corona virus that the body would be more efficient if infected later?
• How can subatomic particles that are incredibly tiny produce effects large enough to be easily observable by the naked eye in a cloud chamber?
• How quickly does heat propagate through gas when it undergoes a change in pressure?
• Are sensory organs like eyes, ears, nose etc. in all or almost all animals close to the brain?
• How long do antibodies stay in the body?
• Are people with achromatopsia more sensitive to light?
• Do fish get “out of breath”?
• How does the electromagnetic theory of light explain intensity?
• Do trees grow at a constant rate?
• What is the current consensus on Sars-Cov-2 variants?
• If I get the covid vaccine while I am breastfeeding, how long is my baby protected by my antibodies?
• Does space get warmer as you approach the sun?
• Can antibodies form in blood once it has been removed from the body?
• Llama reproduction: I'm told that llamas don't have an estrus cycle and ovulate after mating, how does this work?
• Are rifting events strictly divergent?
• Y chromosome inactivation,does it exist and what would that do?
• Chronic stress can cause mental health issues, but how come some people under severe stress end up not developing and others do?
• What uses more fuel, coasting in neutral or remaining in gear but not using the throttle?
• Is it possible to re-enter the atmosphere without heat increase by modulating velocity to match earth’s rotation and gravity?
• Does the expansion of the universe affect time?
• What happens to your body when you faint?

Why do current-carrying wires have multiple thin copper wires instead of a single thick copper wire? Posted: 08 Mar 2021 01:39 AM PST In domestic current-carrying wires, there are many thin copper wires inside the plastic insulation. Why is that so? Why can't there be a single thick copper wire carrying the current instead of so many thin ones? submitted by /u/Anshu_79 [link] [comments]

With the introduction of vaccines, even if a variant isn’t strictly “covered” by the vaccine due to changes in proteins, would there be enough “training” of the body’s immune system on how to deal with a corona virus that the body would be more efficient if infected later? Posted: 08 Mar 2021 02:19 AM PST At the start of the Pandemic, a lot of the concern was about the novelty of the virus and the fact that the majority of humans would most likely not have contacted a coronavirus and so the body wouldn't know how to efficiently "fight" it This is often cited as why the flu is no longer (generally) as bad, due to "people" having seen some form of flu at some point in their life. submitted by /u/BigBlueMountainStar [link] [comments]

How can subatomic particles that are incredibly tiny produce effects large enough to be easily observable by the naked eye in a cloud chamber? Posted: 08 Mar 2021 01:24 AM PST I've always been fascinated by cloud chambers. The first time I ever saw one I was glued to it for a good hour until the science museum closed and the poor curator had to drag me away. From what I understand it's basically particles flying through supersaturated alcohol or water and creating clouds in their path like an airplane. What I don't get is how can something so incredibly itty bitty teeny weeny particles create disturbances that are large enough for us to see with the naked eye? And a bonus question, do all of these particles always create disturbances? I.e. if I measure all the zips and zwoops in a cloud chamber over a certain time, would it give me an exact count of how many of those particles are in the enclosed volume? Within the margin of error ofc. submitted by /u/Anthaenopraxia [link] [comments]

How quickly does heat propagate through gas when it undergoes a change in pressure? Posted: 08 Mar 2021 02:17 AM PST If you're adiabatically compressing a volume of gas (for example, with a plunger in an insulated bicycle pump), does the gas heat up evenly? Or is there a sort of shockwave of temperature change through the gas? How quickly does the temperature change travel through the volume of gas? submitted by /u/BecomeAnAstronaut [link] [comments]

Are sensory organs like eyes, ears, nose etc. in all or almost all animals close to the brain? Posted: 07 Mar 2021 01:31 PM PST I have wondered because in all animals I can think of, these organs are as close as possible to the brain. The most obvious reason seems to be that this way the sensory input reaches the brain a few milliseconds faster, but I somehow find it hard to believe that the evolutionary pressure has been so high for all animals that those with diverging organs had no way to reproduce in large enough quantities. submitted by /u/qijx [link] [comments]

How long do antibodies stay in the body? Posted: 08 Mar 2021 02:16 AM PST Is it different for each thing you develop antibodies for? Dr. Google says Lyme Disease antibodies can be detected for anywhere from months to "many years." Why would it vary so much? And how many years is "many years"? submitted by /u/AnnualGood8 [link] [comments]

Are people with achromatopsia more sensitive to light? Posted: 07 Mar 2021 05:28 PM PST I know that monochrome cameras are three times more sensitive to light than color cameras, that's why they're so useful for astrophotography. Does the same apply for humans who only see in black and white? submitted by /u/Wavydavid [link] [comments]

Do fish get “out of breath”? Posted: 07 Mar 2021 11:08 PM PST submitted by /u/OpenShade [link] [comments]

How does the electromagnetic theory of light explain intensity? Posted: 08 Mar 2021 12:51 AM PST Before Einstein introduced the quantum theory of light, what was the explanation given for different intensities of light of the same frequency? Because intensity is amount of photons per area per second but that means you had to consider light as quanta which the em theory didn't do. Is there any fault in my thought process? Thank you! submitted by /u/occams_machete09 [link] [comments]

Do trees grow at a constant rate? Posted: 08 Mar 2021 03:39 AM PST This struck me today when I was looking at some young saplings near old, established trees. Does their growth slow over time? Or does it only appear to slow because there's so much more to them and their growth remains constant? submitted by /u/JoeyJoJo_the_first [link] [comments]

What is the current consensus on Sars-Cov-2 variants? Posted: 08 Mar 2021 04:53 AM PST A lot of coronavirus variants of concern have emerged recently, and we'll likely see even more in the future. I'm aware scientistics and health authorities are tracking those, but it's such a rapidly developing subject that is difficult to keep up with what's happening and if see some form of scientific consensus has already emerged. In particular: Are any of these more deadly? If so, why is that happening? My understanding is that evolution dictates that the coronavirus should evolve towards more transmissibility instead of more deaths. Are they indeed more contagious? Do we know why? Longer lasting disease? Higher viral loads? What are the prospects on vaccine efficacy against those? Is it evolving faster than our capability of vaccinating people and updating vaccines? So far, what are the most concerning variants to watch out for? submitted by /u/FilipeArcanjo [link] [comments]

If I get the covid vaccine while I am breastfeeding, how long is my baby protected by my antibodies? Posted: 07 Mar 2021 09:23 PM PST Is it full or partial protection? Also, will the antibodies survive in frozen breast milk and if so, what does that protection look like? submitted by /u/suzietime [link] [comments]

Does space get warmer as you approach the sun? Posted: 07 Mar 2021 05:47 PM PST If so, does that mean there's a point were it would be warm enough to stick your hand out the window? submitted by /u/AdmiralYiOnline [link] [comments]

Can antibodies form in blood once it has been removed from the body? Posted: 07 Mar 2021 09:29 PM PST If someone were possibly infected with a disease or virus and donated blood, but it hasn't been long enough for antibodies or antigens to show up in a blood test, is it possible for the antibodies to develop while the blood is being stored? Or, does blood NEED to be in the body to develops antibodies and antigens? This question came up when a friend and I were discussing blood donation and how you need to wait x amount of time before donating. Since they need to test for various viruses and not all viruses can be detected right away, it sparked the inquiry as to whether or not undetectable antibodies can be found at a later date if the blood is stored properly or if it needs to be in the body. submitted by /u/splattertaint [link] [comments]

Llama reproduction: I'm told that llamas don't have an estrus cycle and ovulate after mating, how does this work? Posted: 07 Mar 2021 01:53 PM PST submitted by /u/DiscombobulatedRub59 [link] [comments]

Are rifting events strictly divergent? Posted: 07 Mar 2021 09:11 PM PST I was working on a summative report for my university course on dynamic plate movements when I was suddenly struck by something. The large area I was studying had faults from ancient mountain formation during both Rodinia and Pangaea, as well as failed rift events (not including the now Mid-Atlantic Ridge). But as I was doing research I learned that rifts can form at weak faults within a continental plate and create rifting (such as what's happening with the East African Rift system). Though most rifts form from a massive upwelling of mantle, similar to a flood basalt but actually tearing the plate apart. During that research I also saw diagrams during the current plate movements and saw that the plate my area is actually centred in is moving in two different directions: the west side southeast but the east end west. Would it be possible for a rift to form in my area from the stresses of the continental plate moving in two different directions? And rather instead of diverging, the new fault line is either convergent or transition? Is that possible? submitted by /u/EpicWinterWolf [link] [comments]

Y chromosome inactivation,does it exist and what would that do? Posted: 07 Mar 2021 10:38 AM PST I couldn't find anything anything on the internet . submitted by /u/thesintlord [link] [comments]

Chronic stress can cause mental health issues, but how come some people under severe stress end up not developing and others do? Posted: 06 Mar 2021 11:19 PM PST submitted by /u/zerohero01 [link] [comments]

What uses more fuel, coasting in neutral or remaining in gear but not using the throttle? Posted: 07 Mar 2021 11:18 AM PST I will often put my (manual) car in neutral if I know I am going to be slowing to a stop. My brother said that this uses more fuel (as the engine is idling) than remaining in gear but not applying throttle. Does coasting to neutral use less fuel than staying in gear but not using the throttle? submitted by /u/Madajuk [link] [comments]

Is it possible to re-enter the atmosphere without heat increase by modulating velocity to match earth’s rotation and gravity? Posted: 07 Mar 2021 07:27 AM PST My understanding is that friction is 100% the cause of atmospheric burn so if a re-entering object slowly penetrated the atmosphere at a proper speed and angle shouldn't it avoid friction ? submitted by /u/tylorban [link] [comments]

Does the expansion of the universe affect time? Posted: 07 Mar 2021 07:11 AM PST Space and time are inseparably related, as demonstrated in relativistic effects. In places where space are warped like near an immense mass, time also slows down relative to more "flat" space. Does the expansion of the universe, as influenced by Dark Energy, also affected the—I don't know the proper term, the flow/speed of time? submitted by /u/riyan_gendut [link] [comments]

What happens to your body when you faint? Posted: 07 Mar 2021 06:56 AM PST Is there any effect on your body is you faint? I have asked this before, but they said thing like: its just your body having a insert substance here deficiency. If you were perfectly healthy and you faint on command or something does anything bad/good happen? submitted by /u/Diegootmz [link] [comments]

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How fast do liquids flow from the stomach into the small intestine?

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• How fast do liquids flow from the stomach into the small intestine?
• Does altitude make a difference during earthquakes?
• Baby birds are helpless and mostly drably coloured to blend in. However, chicks and ducklings are walking yellow highlighters. Is there some advantage to this colouration?
• If someone is born extremly premature (week 25) what do they "miss out" in comparison with babies that are born in the intended timeframe? Is there going to be consequences in their adult life and/or mental health?
• Is the rate of acceleration of the expansion of the universe changing? i.e., does the universe expansion have a non-zero "jerk"?
• Does carbonated distilled water have a lower surface tension than distilled water with no gas component?
• Why do rocket ships start to roll when they are in the atmosphere instead of rolling in space?
• Sneaky Freaky Chickenpox. How?
• How does raw silicon naturally form and will we run out of (Raw) silicon?
• How has the 21% oxygen on earth been preserved for millions of years?
• (resting membrane potential) Why does the Na+/K+ pump move Na+ and K+ against their concentration gradients? Why is 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in?
• In a mouth swab drug test, what part of the saliva is being examined for the drug?
• How do eels reproduce?

How fast do liquids flow from the stomach into the small intestine? Posted: 06 Mar 2021 12:04 PM PST I was drinking water and I started to think about if the water was draining into my intestine as fast I was drinking it. submitted by /u/bmarcus128 [link] [comments]

Does altitude make a difference during earthquakes? Posted: 07 Mar 2021 03:58 AM PST Let's assume the source of the earthquake is perpendicular to your position and at a fixed depth based on sea level. Would you or buildings be less effected from the quake in Nepal (lets say 4000-5000 km above sea level) than beeing on german plains (at maybe 200m)? If so, how much/would it be significant? I guess my question boils down to how much energy the waves lose while traveling through the rocks. As i understand, they don't have much room to 'soothe' before reaching the surface. Thank you. Furthermore, in theory, would it make sense driving up a mountain if an earthquake warning was announced (which can be impossible to predict in most cases, i know). submitted by /u/4619 [link] [comments]

Baby birds are helpless and mostly drably coloured to blend in. However, chicks and ducklings are walking yellow highlighters. Is there some advantage to this colouration? Posted: 06 Mar 2021 04:46 AM PST submitted by /u/holysitkit [link] [comments]

If someone is born extremly premature (week 25) what do they "miss out" in comparison with babies that are born in the intended timeframe? Is there going to be consequences in their adult life and/or mental health? Posted: 06 Mar 2021 10:49 AM PST submitted by /u/Peugot206 [link] [comments]

Is the rate of acceleration of the expansion of the universe changing? i.e., does the universe expansion have a non-zero "jerk"? Posted: 06 Mar 2021 10:33 AM PST This question occurred to me because I often think about how science tells us that based on the most recent evidence, we think the expansion of the universe is accelerating. I just find it fascinating to imagine the heat death of the universe and such. But if the acceleration was constant or changing would have a significant impact on if we think a big "Crunch" is ever possible, or if the fate of the universe might be more complicated then a long slow heat death. submitted by /u/bombadyl [link] [comments]

Does carbonated distilled water have a lower surface tension than distilled water with no gas component? Posted: 06 Mar 2021 09:25 AM PST submitted by /u/geneimoody [link] [comments]

Why do rocket ships start to roll when they are in the atmosphere instead of rolling in space? Posted: 06 Mar 2021 09:19 AM PST Why do rockets not roll when they are out of the atmosphere? To clarify my question, why don't they fly straight up and out of the atmosphere, then turn 90° and use the engines to propel themselves into orbit? It seems to me like the rocket would spend less time in the atmosphere where there is air resistance. submitted by /u/RedditUser535 [link] [comments]

Sneaky Freaky Chickenpox. How? Posted: 06 Mar 2021 09:32 AM PST Unattenuated chickenpox goes into hiding and manifests as shingles eventually. Why did the immune system not cure it? submitted by /u/myearwood [link] [comments]

How does raw silicon naturally form and will we run out of (Raw) silicon? Posted: 06 Mar 2021 09:30 AM PST I was looking at some articles and I saw that silicon forms from Quartz, and quartz forms from volcanoes. Since volcanoes also form naturally does this mean there's a loop? Will we ever run out of raw silicon? Would it just keep forming back if we mine all of these silicates on earth? Granted if we did mine all silicates it would take a while for volcanoes to form and create quartz and stuff. submitted by /u/DominusHeburius [link] [comments]

How has the 21% oxygen on earth been preserved for millions of years? Posted: 05 Mar 2021 01:38 PM PST Is it known how it is possible that earth's oxygen has been steady at around 20% or 21% for the past couple million years? Especially because the earth's oxygen levels have been fluctuating between 10% and 31% over the spacy of hundreds of million of years? Is it because the amount of oxygen made is exactly the same as the amount of oxygen used because I find it hard to believe that the amount of oxygen produced by plants is exactly the same as the need for oxygen. Because any spillover would also build up over time right? I guess I'm just curious what the main factors and variables are terms of influencing and correcting the ratio of oxygen on earth to be so steady. submitted by /u/Willempio [link] [comments]

(resting membrane potential) Why does the Na+/K+ pump move Na+ and K+ against their concentration gradients? Why is 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in? Posted: 05 Mar 2021 12:46 PM PST Hello all, I'm having a hard time trying to make sense of the mechanism of the Na+/K+ pump. So what I know is that there is a higher concentration of K+ in the interior of cell and oppositely the interior has a a lower concentration of Na+. So naturally, K+ ion will want to move outside of the cell and Na+ ions will want to move inside. However, the Na+/K+ pump moves Na+ and K+ ions against their "wills". I'm vaguely aware that this is an active transport meaning ATP is required to carry it out but I'm not sure why such energy must be used for this. Why not just let them move according to their concentration gradients? I was trying to explain this to myself and I thought about the fact that the interior of cell is electrically negative as compared to the extracellular fluid. This one I'm not sure what it means. Does being electrically negative mean that in total there are move negative charges inside the cell than outside? If so, cell would try to direct more positive charges towards the inside. That might be why 2 K+ ions are moved in. However, it doesn't make sense as 3 K+ ions are pumped out. So in total there's a net loss of positive ions inside the cell? Also Does being electrically negative mean that in total there are move negative charges inside the cell than outside? I'm very confused by this. In summary, I would like to ask 3 questions Why does the Na+/K+ pump move Na+ and K+ against their concentration gradient? Does the interior of the cell being electrically negative mean that in total there are move negative charges inside the cell than outside? why is the ratio of Na+ out vs K+ in 3:2? I am deeply appreciative of all the helps I can get. I've been tossing and turning all night trying to make sense of this but to no avail. Also I've just started learning about membranes and action potentials a few days ago so simple explanations are much encouraged. ​ Thank you so much! submitted by /u/Rulerpencil [link] [comments]

In a mouth swab drug test, what part of the saliva is being examined for the drug? Posted: 05 Mar 2021 01:02 PM PST submitted by /u/trippyearthling [link] [comments]

How do eels reproduce? Posted: 05 Mar 2021 12:35 PM PST submitted by /u/KB_Rabbit [link] [comments]

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When you have antibodies for COVID, do repeated exposures to sources of the virus "refresh" the timer on your immunity?

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• When you have antibodies for COVID, do repeated exposures to sources of the virus "refresh" the timer on your immunity?
• Why are the engineers at SpaceX designing the landing of Starship to be vertical instead of a plane-like landing like the space shuttle?
• Can small cuts lead to cancer?
• Are people with aphantasia less effected by PTSD?
• Why do some rivers flow away from the equator?
• Why does the addition of a methyl group to an amine tend to make drugs stronger?
• How risky is surface transmission of COVID-19?
• When we drill for oil is all oil the same, or are there different kinds?

When you have antibodies for COVID, do repeated exposures to sources of the virus "refresh" the timer on your immunity? Posted: 05 Mar 2021 04:41 PM PST submitted by /u/Argionelite [link] [comments]

Why are the engineers at SpaceX designing the landing of Starship to be vertical instead of a plane-like landing like the space shuttle? Posted: 05 Mar 2021 01:19 PM PST It seems a lot harder to land a rocket vertically after re-entry rather than giving it a shallow decent angle and landing it line a plane/ the space shuttle would to some degree? Thanks submitted by /u/Potato_Soup_ [link] [comments]

Can small cuts lead to cancer? Posted: 05 Mar 2021 02:26 PM PST Knowing that cancer cells carry mutant genes, some mutations occur during cell division and that cell division has a crucial role in repairing tissues / wound healing. submitted by /u/NecessarilyUseless [link] [comments]

Are people with aphantasia less effected by PTSD? Posted: 05 Mar 2021 01:39 PM PST From my limited understanding, aphantasia sufferers are incapable of picturing images in their head, be it a memory or a fantasy, they just can't do it. So if PTSD sufferers suffer from "flashbacks" to their traumatic event, would somebody with aphantasia just not experience that? submitted by /u/PotatoPotahto [link] [comments]

Why do some rivers flow away from the equator? Posted: 05 Mar 2021 08:14 PM PST Most rivers flow towards the equator, but some don't. Why? submitted by /u/-CharmingScales- [link] [comments]

Why does the addition of a methyl group to an amine tend to make drugs stronger? Posted: 05 Mar 2021 05:41 PM PST Forgive me if this isn't allowed, but essentially what the title says. Why are methylated drugs generally stronger than their unmethylated counter parts? E.g. Amphetamine vs Methamphetamine, Cathinone vs Methcathinone or Tryptamine vs Dimethyltryptamine. submitted by /u/Super_Technology [link] [comments]

How risky is surface transmission of COVID-19? Posted: 05 Mar 2021 05:18 PM PST At the beginning of the pandemic, I remember an oft-cited study that showed the coronavirus surviving on surfaces for a number of days. If I remember correctly, non-porous surfaces, such as metals and plastics, were worse. In the meantime, I remember reading about a study where it survived on a smartphone for a month, but I think that was under quite rigorous lab conditions. What is the current consensus: * Does coronavirus survive for extended periods (days/weeks) on various household surfaces? * If it does, how much of a risk of transmission does it actually present? (That is, presuming one doesn't increase personal hygiene beyond what would be considered normal.) submitted by /u/TheProseMix [link] [comments]

When we drill for oil is all oil the same, or are there different kinds? Posted: 05 Mar 2021 06:08 PM PST I mean right when it comes from the ground, does it all have the same composition and is the same? Or are there differences between different pockets of oil? submitted by /u/MisterSnippy [link] [comments]

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AskScience AMA Series: We're neuroscientists at Northwestern who just published a study on two-way communication with lucid dreamers (video of experiment & paper in description). AUA!

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• AskScience AMA Series: We're neuroscientists at Northwestern who just published a study on two-way communication with lucid dreamers (video of experiment & paper in description). AUA!
• How many spikes are there on a single SARS-CoV-2 virus? Does it vary from virus to virus?
• Is there a system of geographical coordinates in space?
• Is space-time curved or flat in the centre of the Earth?
• Which facial features are the most important to the brain when remembering someone?
• How does microwave oven generate MW waves from 50hz?
• Why astronomer can't apply a basic median filter to remove satellites trails?
• Will getting the Johnson and Johnson vaccine impact the efficacy of future gene therapy treatments?
• What is the advantage of using an adenovirus from chimpanzee compared to adenoviruses from human to develop a vaccine?
• Particle size distribution in soil. Gaussian, Power law, log normal?
• In video games, why is it that the higher the resolution the lesser the strain on the CPU?
• Is it possible for an eruption like the one that created the Siberian Traps happen today? Is earth more geologically stable now than it was?
• Why are modern rockets still shaped like, well, rockets?

AskScience AMA Series: We're neuroscientists at Northwestern who just published a study on two-way communication with lucid dreamers (video of experiment & paper in description). AUA! Posted: 05 Mar 2021 04:00 AM PST Hi Reddit! We just published a study on live two-way communication with lucid dreamers - watch VIDEO of the experiment here. AUA! Hi! My name is Karen Konkoly and I'm a third-year PhD student in Ken Paller's cognitive neuroscience lab at Northwestern University. My projects focus on lucid dreaming and how it can be used to learn more about sleep, dreams, and consciousness more broadly. I've been studying lucid dreaming for 7 years - since my sophomore year of college - when I attended an 8-day lucid dreaming retreat in Hawaii to garner ideas for my undergraduate senior thesis. (I subsequently concluded that the research was awesome.) The following summer, I worked at Brown University as a William E. Dement sleep research apprentice, and I gave a TEDx talk on lucid dreaming that fall. In my senior thesis, I taught participants to lucid dream in a month-long course, and I found that participants tended to feel less stressed and more vigorous the day after they had a lucid dream. After graduating from Lehigh, I interned at the Neuroscience and Psychology of Sleep lab at Cardiff University in Wales, assisting with an overnight project on presenting sounds during REM sleep. While in Wales, I also collaborated with researchers at nearby Swansea University to develop a new method of inducing lucid dreams. This method, dubbed Targeted Lucidity Reactivation, was able to induce lucid dreams in half of the participants in a single nap session. Now at Northwestern, I'm testing new methods and applications for communicating with dreamers. Hi there, Reddit! I'm Ken Paller, a Professor at Northwestern University, where I hold the James Padilla Chair in Arts & Sciences and serve as director of the training program in the neuroscience of human cognition. I'm a Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science, a Senior Fellow of the Mind and Life Institute, and was awarded the Senator Mark Hatfield Award from the Alzheimer's Association. My research has focused on human memory and consciousness - using a variety of methods including electrophysiology, neuropsychology, and neuroimaging - and my findings have contributed to understanding features of conscious memory experiences as well as ways in which memory operations differ in the absence of awareness of memory retrieval, as in implicit-memory priming, intuition, and implicit social bias. I've published nearly 200 scientific articles, reviews, and book chapters, some of which you can find on my lab website. Some of my research has concerned patients with memory disorders, including evidence linking memory deficits to poor sleep. Recent studies from my lab showed that memory processing during sleep can reinforce prior learning, providing novel evidence on sleep's role in memory. Our most recent paper00059-2) described innovative research on two-way communication during REM sleep. We demonstrated the feasibility of real-time dialogue between an experimenter and someone in the midst of a lucid dream. Experimenters asked questions for which the correct answer was known so that we could determine whether effective communication was achieved. When dreamers responded, their answers were given via eye movements or facial muscle twitches - and they were usually correct. The first successful two-way communication during sleep was achieved in the lab in the early morning of January 9th, 2019. Karen gave Christopher Mazurek, a research participant and now a member of the lab group, the math problem 8 minus 6, which Christopher answered correctly. (At the time, we were unaware of similar studies in Germany by Kris Appel and in France by Delphine Oudiette and colleagues. Later, we decided to publish our results together.) Further applications of this method, which NOVA PBS captured for the first time on film in a digital documentary on YouTube and wrote about in an article, can now probe conscious dream experiences as they happen, and who knows what else! We're looking forward to today - we'll be on at 4:00 p.m. EST (21 UT), AUA! Username: /u/novapbs submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator [link] [comments]

How many spikes are there on a single SARS-CoV-2 virus? Does it vary from virus to virus? Posted: 04 Mar 2021 05:15 PM PST submitted by /u/123felix [link] [comments]

Is there a system of geographical coordinates in space? Posted: 04 Mar 2021 12:23 PM PST Let's say I want to tell someone exactly where was the earth 6 month ago in space. Is there some kind of system like on earth to tell a specific position in the universe? Given that earth is moving around a sun moving in a galaxy in an expending universe, I struggle to imagine a system of coordinate that could allow to give the specific location of a point in the universe if everything is moving. If that exists, how is it 'expressed'? Like what will be earth 'location' in the universe in 6 month from now? submitted by /u/Sonari_ [link] [comments]

Is space-time curved or flat in the centre of the Earth? Posted: 05 Mar 2021 02:50 AM PST We know that gravity curves space-time, and this is what causes downward acceleration for the object sitting on the surface. But what about the centre of the Earth? There is no gravity related acceleration, so does it mean that the space-time in the centre of the planet is perfectly flat? submitted by /u/mrstone2 [link] [comments]

Which facial features are the most important to the brain when remembering someone? Posted: 04 Mar 2021 04:05 PM PST submitted by /u/B3nny888 [link] [comments]

How does microwave oven generate MW waves from 50hz? Posted: 04 Mar 2021 11:01 PM PST The input AC is merely 50Hz or (60Hz in a some countries) i.e. the current is changing direction merely 50 times/sec. The waves generated by this current should have a frequency equal to that of the current. How does my kitchen microwave generate waves of 300Mhz and above in the MW range? submitted by /u/DamnBored1 [link] [comments]

Why astronomer can't apply a basic median filter to remove satellites trails? Posted: 04 Mar 2021 11:46 PM PST I often see people complaining about the fact that LEO constellations would prevent science from being done, but I can't find any explanation on why a basic median filter (which even casual hobbyists know about) wouldn't easily remove the trails. I have read the report from NOIRLab but still it's not clear to me why it would be so hard to remove satellites trails using basic image processing. The only field of astronomy where I understand why it would be difficult is to detect objects that orbit the Earth, but it's not like comets or asteroids orbit the Earth. Edit: to be clear about what I mean by median filter: take at least 3 pictures and for each pixel, keep the median value. I guess the real term is median stacking or median blending. submitted by /u/The_Remmer [link] [comments]

Will getting the Johnson and Johnson vaccine impact the efficacy of future gene therapy treatments? Posted: 04 Mar 2021 07:24 PM PST Given that the Johnson and Johnson vaccine and many gene therapy treatments both use adenoviruses as a vector, could getting the J&J vaccine limit your options or decrease the efficacy of gene therapy treatments later in life? I was wondering if your body might recognize the gene therapy virus as the J&J vaccine virus and attack it before it can get its job done. submitted by /u/bam2403 [link] [comments]

What is the advantage of using an adenovirus from chimpanzee compared to adenoviruses from human to develop a vaccine? Posted: 04 Mar 2021 11:47 AM PST submitted by /u/Bluesai [link] [comments]

Particle size distribution in soil. Gaussian, Power law, log normal? Posted: 04 Mar 2021 09:19 AM PST I'm looking for the particle size distribution in soil. Does anyone know anything about that? is there a more relevant subreddit for my question? submitted by /u/ExplodingFoam [link] [comments]

In video games, why is it that the higher the resolution the lesser the strain on the CPU? Posted: 04 Mar 2021 01:44 PM PST Hey. I am not very tech savvy so don't attack me if i say something dumb. ​ I have read somewhere that in video gaming, playing in higher resolution lessens the strain on the CPU, because the GPU gets busier. So for instance, if you have a very good graphics card, but an ancient CPU, it makes more sense to game in 3840x2160p rather than 1920x1080p. ​ Is that right? If so, why? Why would a higher resolution take away strain frim the CPU? I understand the graphics card gets busier, but why would that make it easier for the CPU? ​ Of course that applies to any other potentially resources-intensive computer programs but video games are probably the best example. submitted by /u/Victorian_Poland_2 [link] [comments]

Is it possible for an eruption like the one that created the Siberian Traps happen today? Is earth more geologically stable now than it was? Posted: 04 Mar 2021 07:41 AM PST submitted by /u/ISNT_A_ROBOT [link] [comments]

Why are modern rockets still shaped like, well, rockets? Posted: 04 Mar 2021 07:57 AM PST In the context of seeing SpaceX launching and landing and reusing rockets, I'm wondering why modern rockets haven't evolved to other shapes and forms, what's limiting this development? Aside from funny videos of SpaceX rockets toppling over at landing of course. submitted by /u/empirestatebanana [link] [comments]

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How many mutations does the average human have, if <1 what % of people have at least 1 mutation present?

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• How many mutations does the average human have, if <1 what % of people have at least 1 mutation present?
• “James Webb will not actually orbit the Earth - instead it will sit at the Earth-Sun L2 Lagrange point, 1.5 million km away” - What does this mean?
• Are there any studies going on focused on finding out the physical differences that make some people have severe reactions to covid-19 while others are asymptomatic?
• What is the Dirac Sea and how does it work?
• Observed Light Speed from a Rocket Never Changes?
• Is the shortness of breath associated with COVID-19 a result of reduced lung capacity, impaired oxygen absorption, or something else entirely?
• What happens to an atmosphere that begins with flat initial conditions, and no forcing or damping?
• What kind of tasks are Quantum computers better at compared to classical computers?
• Will Betelgeuse birth new stars when it finally goes nova?
• In a theoretical scenario where humanity has colonized planets beyond the stars or even planets in our own solar system, assuming a common government and culture, how would we keep time consistent between them?
• What makes some genes less suitable for mRNA therapies than others? Are longer genes less suitable?
• What causes radio emission for Sagittarius A*?
• How much can leaf cutter ants actually lift?
• Why cannot we see space junk and about 6,000 satellites in live broadcasts of ISS/NASA from space?

How many mutations does the average human have, if <1 what % of people have at least 1 mutation present? Posted: 04 Mar 2021 02:57 AM PST submitted by /u/FellowHuman21 [link] [comments]

“James Webb will not actually orbit the Earth - instead it will sit at the Earth-Sun L2 Lagrange point, 1.5 million km away” - What does this mean? Posted: 04 Mar 2021 06:26 AM PST I've been reading about the James Webb Telescope and struggling to wrap my head around exactly what "sitting at the Lagrange point" means. Does this mean it will orbit the Sun, following almost the same path as the Earth, but stay in the same place from the perspective of the earth? submitted by /u/s1yh1r [link] [comments]

Are there any studies going on focused on finding out the physical differences that make some people have severe reactions to covid-19 while others are asymptomatic? Posted: 04 Mar 2021 12:59 AM PST submitted by /u/Ganjan [link] [comments]

What is the Dirac Sea and how does it work? Posted: 03 Mar 2021 07:24 PM PST submitted by /u/jameconnor [link] [comments]

Observed Light Speed from a Rocket Never Changes? Posted: 03 Mar 2021 08:32 PM PST Hello all, I've tried finding answers to a question I have on google but can't seem to find any that make much sense to me therefore I've chosen to write here for some clarification. Say a rocket moves away from Earth at 99% the speed of light and I then shine a laser towards that rocket. Once that laser catches up to the rocket, will it be observed to travel at 1% the speed of light since we are already moving at 99% the speed? I understand that the speed of light remains constant for everyone but if we observe it to travel at 100% the speed of light from the rocket, doesn't that mean that it is technically moving faster than the speed of light? I know my last point isn't true but I'm just having a hard time wrapping my head around the concept of light speed remaining constant regardless of your speed. Thanks! submitted by /u/itsespressodepresso [link] [comments]

Is the shortness of breath associated with COVID-19 a result of reduced lung capacity, impaired oxygen absorption, or something else entirely? Posted: 04 Mar 2021 12:49 AM PST submitted by /u/Sexual-Thunder69 [link] [comments]

What happens to an atmosphere that begins with flat initial conditions, and no forcing or damping? Posted: 03 Mar 2021 05:44 PM PST Let's say I implement the Navier Stokes equations in a solver for which errors due to numerics are negligible. The initial conditions are: -- isothermal for the temperature field -- zero for all velocity components -- everywhere flat geopotential If I presume that the surface beneath the atmosphere is rotating, what happens? Do I see evolution in pressure, temperature, etc. due to the Coriolis force alone? What if I turn off the surface rotation? Are the initial conditions then a steady state which remain for all time? submitted by /u/GoSox2525 [link] [comments]

What kind of tasks are Quantum computers better at compared to classical computers? Posted: 03 Mar 2021 08:13 AM PST I understand they are better at prime factorization which could make modern cryptography irrelevant. They also have many uses in the Biosciences like thing related to protein folding. What else do they excell at compared to classical computers? submitted by /u/newmanstartover [link] [comments]

Will Betelgeuse birth new stars when it finally goes nova? Posted: 03 Mar 2021 12:50 PM PST Considering the famed nova we are waiting for, I was wondering if the star is big enough to give birth to new smaller stars when it finally dies. I had a hard time locating information about this specifically. But is Betelgeuse a star with enough mass to do so or are the stars that could create newer stars already gone? submitted by /u/zauraz [link] [comments]

In a theoretical scenario where humanity has colonized planets beyond the stars or even planets in our own solar system, assuming a common government and culture, how would we keep time consistent between them? Posted: 03 Mar 2021 01:17 PM PST I'm not really sure which flair tag I should use here, since there's multiple disciplines that could apply to this question so I hope I'm doing this right. As far as the sciences go, this is less of a hard science question than it is a soft science question for the most part (as in, relating to things like anthropology, sociology, etc.), though there's probably a physics application to the question too since we're talking with different frames of reference with regard to time. Sci-Fi stories with multiple planets still do the "X years/months/weeks later" transition, even though planets of different sizes and rotations would have different calendars and would measure time differently. Considering the delivery of things like messages, goods, etc. is important--vital, even--for the functioning of a stable society, and since these things are all dependent on a common understanding of time, how would this actually work when entirely different yearly calendars and day cycles are used? Like, I can't wrap my mind around it. The closest point of comparison I can think of is the delivery of packages across different time zones here on Earth, which would mean that time zone differences would need to be taken into account, but that's just on a scale of hours and minutes, which are the same for everywhere. When you're talking travel to other planets, which have day/night cycles of varying hours which are different from Earth's 24-hour cycle, to say nothing of the adjustment of their respective calendars which could have more or less months than Earth itself, and that's not even getting into the seasons, let alone the fact that time would also be measured differently during the trip in space due to relativity. So how would we keep it consistent? What system would we use? It seems like a small thing, but considering the non-zero possibility of humanity leaving Earth to form permanent settlements elsewhere due to either exploration or lack of resources (assuming the species doesn't eradicate itself first), this strikes me as a pretty huge logistical problem (at least, as long as we're assuming that human society is continuous across the solar and extra-solar colonies--I suppose that if each planet were isolationist and kept to themselves, this would be far less of an issue). This has been bugging me for a while and it's going to bug me all day if I don't at least try to get an answer. submitted by /u/Songbird_Storyteller [link] [comments]

What makes some genes less suitable for mRNA therapies than others? Are longer genes less suitable? Posted: 03 Mar 2021 12:17 PM PST submitted by /u/inquilinekea [link] [comments]

What causes radio emission for Sagittarius A*? Posted: 03 Mar 2021 08:48 AM PST I've read that radio source Sagittarius A* is a supermassive black hole. Why is it so "bright" in radio waves if EMR can't escape black holes? submitted by /u/rcbake [link] [comments]

How much can leaf cutter ants actually lift? Posted: 03 Mar 2021 04:11 AM PST Everywhere I look it says 20 times their own weight but never a number in grams or anything. submitted by /u/Wookieman09 [link] [comments]

Why cannot we see space junk and about 6,000 satellites in live broadcasts of ISS/NASA from space? Posted: 03 Mar 2021 10:31 AM PST submitted by /u/Drgeorgehuxley [link] [comments]

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