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Monday, March 1, 2021

Why is it that when a person gets kidney stones, he/she has a risk of getting stones again?

Why is it that when a person gets kidney stones, he/she has a risk of getting stones again?


Why is it that when a person gets kidney stones, he/she has a risk of getting stones again?

Posted: 28 Feb 2021 08:42 PM PST

From what I understand, those who got kidney stones have a high chance of getting it again. Is there a difference in the risk of getting stones before that person got the stone?

submitted by /u/FirmNaringenin7312
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What type of porcelain glaze reduces surface tension?

Posted: 28 Feb 2021 09:22 AM PST

What type of porcelain reduces surface tension of water?

The best surface to mix watercolors is a porcelain glaze. When mixing watercolor, you want a palette surface where the water will spread out and stay where it's wiped from the brush, not bead up. Essentially, if you wipe a wet brush on the mixing surface, the water should streak out as a solid ribbon of water and not bead up and break.

When testing porcelain tile at home depot, I found that all of the bath tile caused the water to bead up to some degree. But, when I use a basic dinner plate, the water spreads out evenly without beading.

I am wondering why a glazed surface like a dinner plate would work fine, but a bath tile would not?

submitted by /u/healing_goose
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Are there any animals that migrate south for the summer and north for the winter?

Posted: 28 Feb 2021 08:17 PM PST

I mean northern hemisphere animals - do any seek out extremes of temperature like this?

submitted by /u/samzeman
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Does nuclear fusion happen in the corona?

Posted: 01 Mar 2021 02:34 AM PST

In college I learned that in order for nuclear fusion to start happening you need the energy of your electrons to be high enough to overcome the Coulomb potential, so that they can interact with the nucleus of atoms. The equation (3/2)nkT = e2 /r gives a temperature of ~1010 K, but taking into account quantum tunneling and using the de Broglie wavelength as the radius of the nucleus, you can get a much lower temperature of ~107 K.

That's pretty close to the temperatures observed in the corona. Wikipedia even mentions that the corona is 106 K and parts of it can reach even of 107 K, though doesn't have a source attached to it.

So does that mean that there are parts of the corona the can fuse hydrogen? I'm assuming the answer is no, and that you need a relatively high pressure as well for fusion to happen, but pressure doesn't seem to appear in the equations. Are the calculations above just approximations to get the order of magnitude for the temperature?

submitted by /u/Zestyclose_Steak_533
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How long does it take for fossil fuels to regenerate?

Posted: 01 Mar 2021 02:52 AM PST

Can monoclonal antibodies be used to target T memory cells?

Posted: 28 Feb 2021 06:42 PM PST

For example to wipe the immune memory of a vaccine/prior infection, or more usefully, to treat an autoimmune disorder like narcolepsy where it appears a long-term immune memory of the surface markers of some of your own cells (i.e. orexin-producing neurones) is created.

submitted by /u/learner123806
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How accurate can we get when measuring the speed of light? Wouldn't time be slower in one zone than another zone as the light travels, therefore make the measurements of it inconsistent?

Posted: 01 Mar 2021 01:19 AM PST

A metre is defined by the light, so the speed of light has no decimal points. So I was wondering if measurement of time is also define by the light as well. If not, would that not make it inconsistent, therefore cannot definitively measure it?

submitted by /u/jinnyjuice
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I understand that astronauts inside the ISS are free falling. What about the Apollo Astronauts?

Posted: 28 Feb 2021 08:26 PM PST

And How far do you have to go to have a bigger tug from the sun than the earth? Thanks.

submitted by /u/oodelay
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Why does beverage carbonation create a prickly sensation on the tongue?

Posted: 28 Feb 2021 07:23 PM PST

How much do different subregions of the brain differ in gene expression?

Posted: 28 Feb 2021 07:30 PM PST

In the book "What is thought?" by Eric Baum (2004), he predicts that there should be significant differences in gene expression between different regions of the brain, even between small subregions near each other. What have experiments with DNA microarrays (or other technologies) found to answer this question - how similar is gene expression across the brain regions of humans (or other mammals)?

submitted by /u/zappable
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How do we measure the specific gasses in an enclosed space?

Posted: 28 Feb 2021 03:50 PM PST

How does NASA measure what percentage of the atmosphere on the ISS is Oxygen, nitrogen, argon, CO2, etc...? I've been searching for a while and I'm unable to find how it's measured. For context, I'm going to be setting up an experiment dealing with how the atmospheric composition of a vacuum-sealed room fluctuates from both the amount of CO2 humans expel and the amount of O2 plants produce depends on how much CO2 is in the air. Thanks in advance for answering my question, and if you need me to clarify at all please let me know.

submitted by /u/AlienCrafter
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When a spacecraft gets a hole in it why does the air get sucked out so fast?

Posted: 28 Feb 2021 09:38 PM PST

Why does it happen so fast rather than just a slow leak? Can we calculate how fast oxygen gets sucked into a vacuum? Would different gases/elements (other than oxygen) react at different speeds?

submitted by /u/DiscoGalaxy
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How does radiation affect the nucleus of an atom?

Posted: 28 Feb 2021 02:10 PM PST

In chemistry/physics, you always hear about radiation exciting electrons to higher energy levels whenever they absorb a photon.

How does this work when looking at the protons in the nucleus of an atom? I've never heard about protons absorbing photons, or having discrete energy levels. But because they are a charged particle, surely they are affected by electromagnetic radiation, right?

Any insight would be appreciated :)

submitted by /u/ManlyMcBuff
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Do migraines increase vascular risk?

Posted: 28 Feb 2021 05:22 PM PST

Do chronic migraines & the regular use of migraine rescue medications (triptans, etc) increase the risk of cerebral vascular disease?

submitted by /u/Cookies-10
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Is the data in the USDA’s PLANTS database considered current, especially for native range? If not, what is the go-to source for plant information in the same context?

Posted: 28 Feb 2021 06:12 PM PST

How do multivalent vaccines work? Would it be feasible to make one with mRNA vaccines?

Posted: 28 Feb 2021 12:23 PM PST

I know that when you get a flu vaccine, it has multiple types of flu. But that's an inactivated virus vaccine, so as far as I know they basically just put multiple types of flu virus in a vial together. Would it be possible to do the same with different spike protein mRNA pieces for multiple different covid variants?

submitted by /u/TheApiary
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Is the Earth's orbit level?

Posted: 28 Feb 2021 12:35 PM PST

By which I mean - 365.25 days ago from this moment, were we in the exact same 'spot' in space as we are now? (With respect to the sun, I mean - pretending that the galaxy isn't also moving, etc etc.) Or does the plane of our revolution 'wobble'?

submitted by /u/coffee_for_lunch
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Is nose blindness a matter of the filtering of conscious perception or receptor fatigue?

Posted: 28 Feb 2021 01:10 PM PST

Put simply, if you put a bit of perfume on somebody several hours before they woke, would they notice the scent upon waking or would having been exposed to it for those hours of sleep have desensitized them to it?

submitted by /u/hooligan333
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Does the Milky Way move in line with the plane of it's spin? Perpendicular? Or does it tumble?

Posted: 28 Feb 2021 02:54 PM PST

Can ionising radiation kill you instantly?

Posted: 28 Feb 2021 10:00 AM PST

Can ionising radiation kill you instantly? What's the example scenario of instant death due to ionising radiation? How high is the radiation dose to die instantly (or in a seconds)?

submitted by /u/TheRealTiwik
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What causes cities to have hard water vs. soft water?

Posted: 28 Feb 2021 01:23 PM PST

Is hard water something that's mainly a result from the actual water source or a result from bad infrastructure by the utility? I understand that a lot of people say the only downside is the taste but I live in a city with very hard water and see it wreaking havoc on my house from the buildup of calcium. I would think its doing similar things to the pipes throughout the city and they would be incentivized to soften the water at the plant. What's the biggest determinant for a city's given water softness?

submitted by /u/marginallymoderate
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Is there a reverse to the placebo effect?

Posted: 28 Feb 2021 08:42 AM PST

I know about the placebo effect, where an inert substitute can cause some beneficial outcome, and the nocebo effect, where an inert substitute can cause negative side effects, but is there a reverse to the placebo effect? Where an active drug that the person taking it believes is inert ends up being less effective as a result?

If this occurs, what is it called? Is it simply a form of nocebo?

submitted by /u/Timothyre99
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Sunday, February 28, 2021

What percentage of genes are purely human?

What percentage of genes are purely human?


What percentage of genes are purely human?

Posted: 27 Feb 2021 04:58 PM PST

We share ≈96% of our genes with gorillas, ≈50% with bananas, so if we added all the specific shared genes what percentage is purely human?

submitted by /u/Dani3850
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How realistically viable are mrna vaccines in treating autoimmune disorders?

Posted: 27 Feb 2021 03:07 PM PST

What is the Yukawa potential calculating?

Posted: 28 Feb 2021 01:08 AM PST

The Yukawa potential seems to predict the strong interaction, the weak interaction AND the electromagnetic force. But that seems "overpowered"...

submitted by /u/MaxEin
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Have long-haulers or people suffering from chronic symptoms related to SARS-CoV-2 infection shown benefit from any vaccine?

Posted: 27 Feb 2021 06:27 PM PST

If a nursing mom receives the COVID vaccine, will protective antibodies be transferred to the baby via breastmilk, essentially helping to “immunize” the baby who can’t yet receive the vaccine?

Posted: 27 Feb 2021 10:00 AM PST

Is it possible to be exposed to COVID and develop antibodies (enough to have short term immunity) without ever having a high enough viral load to test positive?

Posted: 27 Feb 2021 09:55 AM PST

Why do real vaccines hurt more than placebo vaccines?

Posted: 27 Feb 2021 10:34 AM PST

The tl;dr is the title.

I'm in the J&J 2-shot COVID vaccine clinical trial. (It's double blinded, so I don't know whether I got the real vaccine or a control placebo.) I just got my second shot today. One of the things the nurses said, both times I got a shot, is that if my arm was sore right after the shot, it's more likely that it's the real vaccine.

It could be psychosomatic, of course, but I'm still curious, why does the shot hurt more when it's real? Is it just because the body's immune response is that fast? I figured the pain was a normal response to the skin being pierced and to having a shot, but if that's the case then both the real deal and the control would hurt the same amount. What in the real vaccine — either the way it's administered, or its contents — makes it more painful to receive?

submitted by /u/Reputable_Sorcerer
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How is the J&J COVID vaccine is manufactured is the "pseudo-virus" cannot reproduce, and what safeguards are in place against unwanted mutations?

Posted: 27 Feb 2021 10:20 AM PST

I'll start by saying I'm not anti-vaxxer and I'm looking forward to my turn to be immunized.

My understanding of how the J&J vaccine works is as follows - it's a "pseudo-virus" that infects our cells and instructs their membrane to produce spikes mimicking the COVID ones, thus teaching our immune system to recognize the virus. I also understand that it's safe, because this pseudo-virus cannot replicate. Now to my questions:

  1. If the pseudo-virus cannot reproduce, how is the vaccine manufactured?
  2. What safeguards are in place to prevent mutations that would allow replication?
submitted by /u/nonamenolastname
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What does IQ measure, and how accurate is it st measuring that thing?

Posted: 27 Feb 2021 01:23 AM PST

This seems to be something where people can't give a straight answer and nobody seems to agree. Some people seem to say it is a great measure of intelligence and good at predicting performace in intellectually demanding tasks, others say it is absolute bunk and doesn't measure anything useful. Both groups seem to claim the science is on their side. They can't both be right. Do what actually is the deal?

submitted by /u/supermax255
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What is the real efficacy of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine? Are there upper and lower bounds on it?

Posted: 27 Feb 2021 10:17 AM PST

The news articles I have read go to great lengths to say that you can't compare it to Moderna and Pfizer's vaccines due to the different ways they measured efficacy. I get that they don't want people to refuse one vaccine in favor of another, but I would like a science-based explanation, rather than what a journalist's second-hand interpretation.

submitted by /u/DelightfullyDivisive
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Why does atopy inversely correlate with severe covid outcome?

Posted: 26 Feb 2021 08:22 PM PST

Can someone explain why atopic conditions like eczema, food allergy, and allergic rhinitis correlate with milder Covid consequences? I am not a medical professional, so I don't understand how atopy would be protective. I would have expected that it would make someone more susceptible to a cytokine storm. Curious to understand why that is not so. Thanks!

submitted by /u/LavenderSmellsBlue
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Do non-human animals experience psychological biases like the Sunk Cost Fallacy?

Posted: 26 Feb 2021 03:33 PM PST

Most of the time I hear about it in humans. For example, "I prepaid for a Hulu sub this month, even though there's nothing I want to watch I should watch something because I paid for it."

Does this happen with other animals? Like with food storage? Are they caught "throwing good money at bad money" but in their own way?

submitted by /u/BlueSky1877
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Can Someone Walk Me Through The Stages of an MRI Scan?

Posted: 26 Feb 2021 12:53 PM PST

I understand generally how it works, that's not what I'm asking.
But I take an MRI regularly and the question I ALWAYS am curious about is: exactly what is going on during an MRI? It's obviously not just one scanning mechanism, so I want to know what is every single stage of an MRI? What are all the different 'scans' going on? There's fast ones, high-powered ones, rapid-fire ones, and all sorts of other types of scans. Is it a different phyiscal mechanism? What is the purpose of each?
I really am looking for a detailed breakdown of how it works, and if possible, a visual representation of each stage (like: does it go from one side to another, does something spin, are there two of one thing, etc).

Thank you in advance, I realise that's a lot to ask for

submitted by /u/Hardcore90skid
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Saturday, February 27, 2021

Questions about radon gas and cancer?

Questions about radon gas and cancer?


Questions about radon gas and cancer?

Posted: 27 Feb 2021 12:56 AM PST

Sorry for the long list. Once I started reading up about radon and cancer, more questions kept popping up. I'm hoping somebody here is in the know and can answer some!

  1. If radon is radioactive, and leaves radioactive material in your body, why does it mainly (only?) cause lung cancer?

  2. If radon is 8x heavier than air, and mostly accumulates in the basement, wouldn't that mean that radon is a non-issue for people living on higher levels?

  3. This map shows radon levels around the world. Why is radon so diverse across a small continent like Europe, yet wholly consistent across a massive country like Russia? Does it have to do with measuring limitations or architecture, or is the ground there weirdly uniform?

  4. If radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking, why doesn't the mapof worldwide lung cancer cases coincide with the map of most radon heavy countries? It seems to coincide wholly with countries that smoke heavily and nothing else. I base this one the fact that if you look at second chart, which is lung cancer incidence in females, the lung cancer cases in some countries like Russia, where smoking is much more prevalent among men, drop completely. Whereas lung cancer rates in scandinavia, far and away the most radon heavy place on earth, are not high to begin with.

  5. Realistically, how worried should I be living in an orange zone, or even a red zone?

submitted by /u/Vrindjes
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Can years long chronic depression IRREVERSIBLY "damage" the brain/ reduce or eliminate the ability to viscerally feel emotions?

Posted: 27 Feb 2021 06:19 AM PST

Not talking about alzheimer's or similar conditions, but particularly about emotional affect

submitted by /u/bilolfopdpins
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We all know that salt can lower the freezing point of water. Are there any chemicals that can raise the freezing point of water?

Posted: 26 Feb 2021 09:57 PM PST

What determines the color/hue when I’m blowing bubbles? The soap, size and surroundings are (roughly) the same yet some bubbles have a purple, yet other a yellow glow.

Posted: 27 Feb 2021 04:45 AM PST

How do sailboats work when the wind is blowing in the opposite direction of travel?

Posted: 26 Feb 2021 05:42 PM PST

Why are certain materials like parchment paper, aluminum foil, etc. not hot to the touch out of the oven while metal and glass are?

Posted: 26 Feb 2021 04:24 PM PST

Can we use mRNA or viral vectors vaccines technology to produce other types of proteins not related to immunity?

Posted: 26 Feb 2021 08:11 PM PST

Can we, in theory, use this technology as a delivery method to give instructions to our body to create other types of proteins and/or amino acids? Would it be possible to deliver said instructions to, for example, make the body create more collagen, actin, protein C, etc?

submitted by /u/Irvzzr
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How do springs continue to apply pressure over years?

Posted: 26 Feb 2021 10:12 AM PST

I repair classic record players, and I've always been amazed that the internal springs can still do their job, even on a 40 year old player. It always seems like they should be much more stretched out than they are, and while I have to replace or rejuvenate some, the majority still work perfectly. How is this possible?

submitted by /u/NoNazis
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How similar are SARS and COVID-19 (SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, respectively), in the disease pathology/mechanisms?

Posted: 26 Feb 2021 08:43 AM PST

SARS-CoV-2 was the name chosen for the virus that causes the disease COVID-19.

Why was that name chosen? This naming makes it look like a sequel to SARS-CoV (2002). Assumingly, that means the viruses show genetic similarity.

But what about the disease? Do the viruses cause disease through exploitation of similar mechanisms in the body (similar enzymes/receptors)? I've heard the claim that SARS was a respiratory disease, while COVID-19 is a vascular disease. How accurate, or inaccurate, is that?

submitted by /u/Regenine
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How do diamond paintings work?

Posted: 26 Feb 2021 05:04 PM PST

You pull the plastic cover off a sticky surfaced painting and place rhinestones over certain areas to finish a "painting".

My questions are:

1) I'm assuming the sticky surface is a contact cement which quickly dried once the plastic rhinestone has been placed over it. Why does the adhesive only dry when it is mated with another surface?

2) referring to above, if the contract cement only dries when contacted with something, why didn't it dry with the protective clear plastic over it? Did it activate once this was removed, and how?

3) how long will the contact cement remain sticky once the plastic wrap is removed? What is the process on a molecular level of adhesive drying I'm air?

submitted by /u/Ok_Article_147
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Does sedement effect voltage and/or pH of water?

Posted: 26 Feb 2021 04:47 PM PST

if sediment is sitting at the bottom or suspended in water, will this effect the water's siemens count or pH in any way?

submitted by /u/gotcha_nose_xd
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Friday, February 26, 2021

Why do Giraffes only live for 25 years but Elephants live upto 70 years even though they both share similar diets, size and live in the same parts of the world?

Why do Giraffes only live for 25 years but Elephants live upto 70 years even though they both share similar diets, size and live in the same parts of the world?


Why do Giraffes only live for 25 years but Elephants live upto 70 years even though they both share similar diets, size and live in the same parts of the world?

Posted: 25 Feb 2021 10:44 AM PST

Does pregnancy really last a set amount of time? For humans it's 9 months, but how much leeway is there? Does nutrition, lifestyle and environment not have influence on the duration of pregnancy?

Posted: 26 Feb 2021 03:25 AM PST

Can a photon release a portion of its energy?

Posted: 26 Feb 2021 07:46 AM PST

So I have a basic understanding of light and it's duality and what not. But I was wondering when a photon hits an object and reflects off, say a mirror, does it impart some of its energy and move off or does a photon only ever release all its energy or else bounces off an object? Apologies if I have phrased this poorly, found it hard to articulate exactly what I was getting at

submitted by /u/CaughtDannie
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Why do young, healthy people have more intense vaccine reactogenicity but get less sick when they catch a virus?

Posted: 25 Feb 2021 09:13 AM PST

I've read that young, healthy people are more likely to experience side effects from the COVID vaccines because of a robust immune response. So why do young, healthy people experience fewer symptoms/less intense illness when exposed to an actual virus?

submitted by /u/firstofhername123
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Does regular use of SSRI’s impact overall serotonin or dopamine production?

Posted: 25 Feb 2021 07:22 PM PST

Are they searching for a single particle in the search for black matter or is it believed the answer to the unobservable majority of mass within the known universe has multiple solutions?

Posted: 26 Feb 2021 05:53 AM PST

Everytime I hear about black matter it sounds like they are talking about a single particle. I don't know the gist of it, but in my head it sounds more probable that the great unobservable mass consists out of a lot of different things we still can't observe. If we can only observe about 10% of the universe and this consists out of millions of things, it kind of would be crazy the other 90% would consist out of a single thing right? I understand black matter could be the stepping stone to finding out more, but I have no clue what the exact theories are on this. So that's why I'm asking here!

submitted by /u/The_Funkefizer
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How does the Sinovac Covid-19 vaccine have such wildly different efficacy rates around the world?

Posted: 25 Feb 2021 09:46 PM PST

One trial in Brazil shows an efficacy rate of %50.4, while Turkey reports %91.25 efficacy rate. Is it possible this was caused by local mutation? What are the factors at play here?

Bonus question: In both cases, protection against severe cases are reported to be around %90, not taking into account the South African and UK variants. I'm having trouble understanding the reasons behind how a vaccine that can't stop you from getting infected protect you against the severe form of the disease?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/shamanicbro
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What is actually going on with new COVID-19 variants and their mortality rate?

Posted: 26 Feb 2021 04:39 AM PST

There seems to be a new variant each week, which are being labelled as 'variants of concern'. I understand that they're usually related to the vaccination efforts and ensuring people will be protected against new variants, long enough for the vaccines to be tweaked when an inevitable, vaccine-resistant strain emerges.

I'm not worried about that, because each of these new variants don't seem to fully bypass any of the vaccines yet. What I am worried about is some variants being reported as more lethal, for example the UK and California ones.

I understand the news will use sensational headlines to catch people's attention, but shouldn't a virus start mutating to be less dangerous? And if this isn't the case for coronavirus, will there be a peak mortality rate or will it continue to climb?

submitted by /u/JokerJosh123
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Some of the most massive craters on the surface of the moon and elsewhere throughout the solar system seem relatively "shallow" considering how wide the craters are. What gives craters this wide and flat shape?

Posted: 25 Feb 2021 11:08 AM PST

Why are ceramics used for things like heat shielding?

Posted: 25 Feb 2021 04:20 PM PST

I was thinking about how ceramics are used in shielding and things like tiles on the Space a shuttle and realized that I don't know why they are so good at dissipating heat.

submitted by /u/IQLTD
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If a woman ovulated off the right ovary and had an early miscarriage, is she more likely to ovulate off the left ovary in the following cycle?

Posted: 25 Feb 2021 10:26 AM PST

Hey all! 👋 I have a question, I tried asking in some pregnancy related subs and got radio silence.

Basically: does it take some time for an ovary to recover after a chemical pregnancy? Thus making it more likely you will ovulate off the opposite side in the cycle following the loss?

So backstory as to how I started wondering... I'm 27 and started my cycle at 9. Since I was 13, I've been able to feel my ovulation (Mittelschmerz).

However it is almost always on my right side! I've also had two pregnancies with early scans that confirmed I had ovulated off the right side to conceive them.

In December I had a chemical pregnancy. In January I felt unable to confirm ovulation (I don't temp) because I did not feel that pain. I ended up with a positive test about a month after my chemical started.

Now I've had an 8 week scan on that pregnancy and the tech told me I ovulated off my LEFT!!! perhaps that explains why I didn't feel it?

Thoughts?

submitted by /u/kerruffle
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Could we detect gravitational waves as remnants of the Big Bang?

Posted: 25 Feb 2021 04:52 PM PST

Assuming gravitational waves exist as wave forms and assuming they move at the speed of light, shouldn't we be able to find the gravitational equivalent of cosmic background radiation from the Big Bang? It seems like there should be a "hum" in the universe, perhaps a red shift in background gravity. It would be like a stretching of the universe detectable in weak, long gravity waves.

submitted by /u/RancidHorseJizz
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What would be observed in the Large Hadron Collider to indicate that a new particle might exist, for example, a supersymmetric particle counterpart?

Posted: 25 Feb 2021 06:14 PM PST

How do airplane pilots control lift? Is there a way to vary the lift the wings generate, or do pilots have to slow down up or pitch down when cruising?

Posted: 25 Feb 2021 01:36 PM PST

Why are some antibiotics injected, some eaten, and some placed on the skin?

Posted: 25 Feb 2021 06:41 PM PST

I'm aware that some antibiotic creams exist and have used them before. But what differentiates between ingested antibiotics and injected antibiotics, both in their makeup and which situation calls for it?

submitted by /u/Accelerator231
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How can a candle make oxygen?

Posted: 25 Feb 2021 03:20 PM PST

I was watching a show on submarines and they mentioned a chlorate candle that when burned release oxygen in emergency situations. My whole like i've known candles / fire to oxidize or use up oxygen. How can this candle generate oxygen?

submitted by /u/fukwhutuheard
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What is the current scientific consensus on willpower? Do we really run out of it?

Posted: 25 Feb 2021 10:55 AM PST

How do we know the brightness of supernovae?

Posted: 25 Feb 2021 04:10 PM PST

In determining the expansion rate of the universe, we need to know distances, which are hard to directly measure. in order to figure out distances we use the power output of a light-emitting object called a standard candle and use the inverse square law to figure out the distance. but this requires knowing the power of the candle, and apparently we use supernovae as candles, but i don't know how we know what the power/brightness is.

submitted by /u/AyoDev
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How important is Covid vax second shot spacing?

Posted: 25 Feb 2021 03:53 PM PST

Moderna second shot is supposed to be four weeks after the first, and three weeks for Pfizer. I'm assuming this is arbitrary, just based on what they did during testing, and not because that spacing is critical, but I don't really know. What happens if you get the second shot earlier or later than the recommended spacing?

submitted by /u/TimeMovesOn99
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How did ancient people treat and prevent Anthrax?

Posted: 25 Feb 2021 09:22 AM PST

Anthrax is an old and deadly disease with the respiratory form being over 90 percent lethal. It also has great infectious capabilities and was hard to treat without antibiotics. Given this, how did our ancestors fight against anthrax? What did they use to treat it and how did they prevent it? (Before the invention of antibiotics and vaccines)

submitted by /u/Wild_Nightshade
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Does plasma have the ability to be positively charged?

Posted: 25 Feb 2021 03:06 PM PST

Can you make plasma positive? If so, how do you achieve this? Or is there no way we can with our current technology?

submitted by /u/SOG-JGJ
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How do we know how well dogs can smell?

Posted: 25 Feb 2021 06:43 AM PST

Just wondering how we scientists can measure that dogs have X times better smell than us

submitted by /u/PLS_stop_lying
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