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Sunday, December 6, 2020

Why can influenza infect a person multiple times, but once a person is infected with measles, they gain lifelong immunity?

Why can influenza infect a person multiple times, but once a person is infected with measles, they gain lifelong immunity?

Why can influenza infect a person multiple times, but once a person is infected with measles, they gain lifelong immunity?

Posted: 06 Dec 2020 07:52 AM PST

If the liver can grow from a small piece in a transplant, why can’t we take out the bad piece of a diseased liver and let the rest regenerate?

Posted: 06 Dec 2020 07:03 AM PST

What is the difference between a quantum computer's architecture and that of the current 8086 architecture?

Posted: 06 Dec 2020 08:19 AM PST

There has been a lot of news recently on quantum computer breakthroughs solving complex problems that our current super computers cannot currently do.

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Although at a high level I understand how quantum mechanics and qubits work, I would like to better understand how a quantum computer can take instructions at a architectural level and if it is similar in any way to that of the 8086 architecture we see in commercial computing today. Do they use assembly language as the 8086 does, as an example.

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When searching online, I've only been able to find videos and web pages explaining at an extremely fundamental level that I believe I already understand. As an ECE, my previous studies of computer architecture and device physics has piqued my interest in how exactly the two are being used together.

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Could someone explain, or direct me to where I can learn more about how a quantum computer takes instructions and if the architecture differs from that of the 8086 or similar commercially available architectures.

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I apologize if this post is a duplicate; the automod deleted my previous post as I asked for a more "grad-school" level explanation. As such, I mentioned the forbidden 4 letter acronym, not realizing I wouldn't get a dumbed down version from this sub to begin with.

submitted by /u/wchicchi
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How can a system at an equilibrium have maximum entropy?

Posted: 06 Dec 2020 09:13 AM PST

I'm trying to understand the concept of entropy but I don't understand why, if entropy is how chaotic a system is, a system at an equilibrium is considered to be at maximum entropy? Isn't such a system at its most inactive state? I'm sorry for my use of simple words.

submitted by /u/ibeccc
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If Earth was not tilted on its axis how would it effect the seasons?

Posted: 06 Dec 2020 06:54 AM PST

Bonus question what would it be like if the tilt was double or triple what it is?

submitted by /u/idontdislikeoranges
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If we found a meteorite on Earth that originated outside the solar system, how would we be able to determine its age?

Posted: 06 Dec 2020 03:36 AM PST

How does immunity to bacterial infections work? Or does it even exist?

Posted: 06 Dec 2020 09:21 AM PST

My fiance gets strep multiple times a year. She is going to have her tonsils out as soon as COVID calms down and hospitals aren't overloaded. She should have years ago but I guess her family never did it for some reason.

Anyways, I still have my tonsils and I have had strep maybe once since I was 10. Even when she had it and we have been in close contact, I never get it. And we usually go get tested together and I'm always negative which seems to rule out me being a carrier. But while I understand how immunity works with viruses to some extent, I always felt resistance to bacterial infection always seemed odd. So does immunity exist? As many times as she has had it and I've been in contact, statistically I would assume I would get it once even if I just have a stronger immune system or blind luck. If there is immunity, are there ways to develop vaccines for bacterial illnesses?

submitted by /u/BabyJesusStig
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Is there evidence that grunting improves athletic perfomance?

Posted: 06 Dec 2020 06:59 AM PST

In sports where you have to exert a lot of power at once (e.g. boxing and tennis), a lot of athletes grunt, some more than others. They are not just exhaling, but actually producing a vocal noise. Is there evidence that this helps them? Maybe it's just psychological?

submitted by /u/Magnaleo
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After carpal tunnel release surgery, does the ligament stay separated or re-attach eventually?

Posted: 05 Dec 2020 11:32 PM PST

I'm fascinated by carpal tunnel release surgery, but I can't find any answers as to if the ligament that's bisected ever heals or if it's just separated permanently. If so, what sort of function(if any) is lost for the hand? Thanks ahead of time :D

submitted by /u/chiaestevez
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vào lúc No comments:

When were accurate distances from the Sun to the planets (solar system) first calculated? What was the methodology for determining these distances?

When were accurate distances from the Sun to the planets (solar system) first calculated? What was the methodology for determining these distances?

When were accurate distances from the Sun to the planets (solar system) first calculated? What was the methodology for determining these distances?

Posted: 05 Dec 2020 09:26 PM PST

Does the size of the star have an effect on how many planets form around it, and what size they are?

Posted: 05 Dec 2020 11:50 AM PST

Pretty much what it says on the tin. Would the planets that form around a K type star be different in size/distance/composition to the planets that form around an A or B type star?

submitted by /u/RefridgeratedRice
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Does salt water ice take up more energy to melt than fresh water ice?

Posted: 06 Dec 2020 03:32 AM PST

Is tidal locking the end state of all planetary orbits given enough time?

Posted: 06 Dec 2020 08:05 AM PST

I see from wiki that tidal forces depend in a cubic manner with distance so far plants would take an incredible amount of time to become tidal locked. However, given enough time, would all planets eventually become tidal locked (either synchronous rotation like Earth and moon or 3:2 like sun and Mercury)?

submitted by /u/dredged_chicken
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Do/can viruses have epigenetic effects?

Posted: 05 Dec 2020 04:16 PM PST

What is the REASON behind Joule-Thomson Effect?

Posted: 06 Dec 2020 03:51 AM PST

I would like to know what causes Joule-Thomson effect and why it has cooling and heating effects based on the inversion Temperature.
I am asking for the intra-molecular interaction involved during the effect that causes the surrounding to warm or cool.

submitted by /u/miracle_atheist
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Why is the Hayabusa-2 mission to return asteroid samples to earth important?

Posted: 05 Dec 2020 04:58 PM PST

Are not meteors(meteoroids) the remnants of asteroids? If so what is so valuable about this asteroid material?

submitted by /u/Xi_32
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Why does the English bowman skeletal reconstruction have such a large ribcage? Is this an accurate reconstruction of the fossils?

Posted: 05 Dec 2020 03:20 PM PST

Why can't vaccine trials use antibody titers to determine efficacy?

Posted: 05 Dec 2020 04:47 PM PST

I'm going through some school requirements which require both vaccination records and antibody titer results to make sure I'm actually immune. This got me thinking, why don't vaccine trials just use antibody titer to determine if the vaccine works instead of waiting for a certain amount of people to get the disease?

submitted by /u/RigbyAtNight
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What are we trying to learn from deep learning?

Posted: 06 Dec 2020 01:05 AM PST

What I've read so far is that we are trying to understand how deep learning really works. My questions are 1) what are we really trying to understand 2) what can we do with that knowledge

submitted by /u/realfactsonly-
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Does Deep Learning progression usually happen linearly?

Posted: 05 Dec 2020 01:09 PM PST

When a Deep Learning algorithm is progressing, does that progression usually happen in a linear fashion?

Or does it often suddenly make large jumps forward in effectiveness at certain points throughout its process?

submitted by /u/ghostfaceschiller
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Saturday, December 5, 2020

How do woodpeckers not have concussions 24/7?

How do woodpeckers not have concussions 24/7?

How do woodpeckers not have concussions 24/7?

Posted: 04 Dec 2020 10:12 PM PST

Are they any examples of 2-way predation in biology?

Posted: 04 Dec 2020 03:47 PM PST

What I mean is two species who both eat each other as part of their diet.

I know there are examples where the prey can be a physical threat to the predator depending on the circumstance, but I've never heard of two species being both predator and prey to each other.

submitted by /u/theRogueTrombonist
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Can a sun have a ring?

Posted: 04 Dec 2020 05:13 PM PST

Since chickens descended from dinosaurs that laid eggs, wouldn’t that mean the egg came before the chicken?

Posted: 04 Dec 2020 03:54 PM PST

Differences between Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccine?

Posted: 04 Dec 2020 02:37 PM PST

Some countries are getting Pfizer's vaccine some are getting the AstraZeneca. What are the major difference between the two? Are there benefits from one over the other? Is there a specific reason why a country like South Korea would opt for Astra's version?

submitted by /u/general-meow
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With the mRNACOVID-19 vaccine, will your ribosomes eventually stop producing the viral spike?

Posted: 05 Dec 2020 08:22 AM PST

I can't find much data on this, but my understanding is the mRNA vaccine turns your bodies ribosomes into viral spike factories. Will your ribosomes ever go back to normal and stop producing the viral spike? Is there any information on the potential long term negative effects of it not stoppping production?

submitted by /u/newintown11
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How are isotopes detected in stars?

Posted: 05 Dec 2020 02:02 AM PST

Is it just that spectrometers are super sensitive enough to do this? Or is there some other trick to it? I'm reading a passage about how oxygen isotope ratios of ¹⁸O/¹⁶O become systematically lower with distance from the galactic centre, and I was wondering how on Earth they measure this?

Bonus question: why does this apparent trend occur? The book I'm reading is more focused on the Solar System rather than the galaxy, so it simply states that "this actually represents a Galactic evolutionary phenomenon, which we will not study further here."

submitted by /u/island_arc_badger
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Why does masturbating make a smell in your room?

Posted: 04 Dec 2020 05:54 PM PST

My mom would always point out a weird smell... I think she knows, maybe she doesn't IDK

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But why does masturbating make the smell? Is it the semen that is released? Hormones? Or is it the vigorous exercise?

submitted by /u/ReiddotStopBAnMEe
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How did epidemics and disease affect natural populations before humans existed?

Posted: 04 Dec 2020 11:52 PM PST

Before humanity forced animals nature and people into extremely close proximity how common and devastating were disease epidemics? Have they been responsible for much in the way of a natural population control or evolutionary 'balancing' process?

submitted by /u/Wargoatgaming
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Could Different Covid Vaccines Interfere With Each Other Across Populations?

Posted: 05 Dec 2020 05:30 AM PST

What I am asking is the following scenario:
I live in country A, which has vaccinated its population, en masse, with vaccine X.
I travel to Country B to see family/business/whatever.
Country B has vaccinated its population, en masse, with vaccine Y.

Could I be at risk of catching Covid from the people who have received a different vaccine than I, even though I wouldn't have to worry about people who have been vaccinated with the same vaccine as I was?

submitted by /u/Skogsmard
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Do any viruses other than Chickenpox reemerge after the primary infection and cause a second disease like the varicella-zoster virus causes Shingles?

Posted: 04 Dec 2020 09:24 PM PST

I know that Shingles is a reactivation of the virus that causes Chickenpox, and if you haven't had Chickenpox, you can't get Shingles (although you can get Chickenpox from someone who has Shingles).

Are there any other viruses that lay dormant and cause a future infection? Is SARS-CoV-2 a type that could reactivate later?

submitted by /u/MeadowsofSun
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How many people so far have participated in the various Covid-19 clinical trials that were not part of the placebo?

Posted: 05 Dec 2020 03:50 AM PST

I can't find any numbers online.

Also, how many people do you believe we would need to test before we can have an accurate idea of what to expect?

submitted by /u/PM_ME_YOUR_HOG_PLZ
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What is gender dysphoria?

Posted: 05 Dec 2020 02:03 AM PST

I've done a little bit of research, looking at NHS, APA and DSM-5 definitions and diagnostic criteria, and I had some confusion around what I perceived to be internal inconsistency in the definitions provided.

Can science explain, please?

submitted by /u/BlackHarbourTRPG
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With several COVID vaccines on the cusp of being approved for use, the next big step will be mass producing the vaccine. Can Pfizer or Moderna farm out the production of the vaccine to other companies in order to get more vaccine produced more quickly?

Posted: 04 Dec 2020 03:16 PM PST

What are the known risks of vaccines?

Posted: 05 Dec 2020 05:21 AM PST

How known are the risks of vaccines? How accurate are we at predicting the risks?

For example, do we know if certain types of vaccines are only going to cause a known range of symptoms, or are we so unsure that we don't know if a particular/type is going to shutdown people's livers until we do trials?

submitted by /u/TruthOf42
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Are there any animal species where both sexes are sexual selectors?

Posted: 04 Dec 2020 05:29 PM PST

First off: sorry if I use any terminology wrong. As I understand it, pretty much every animal species has one sex (usually female) that is the sexual selector, so they're basically the "choosy" one. The other sex (usually the males) then has to sort of earn the right to mate through like fighting or just having the right body parts or dancing, etc. But I always get the impression that the males will pretty much just mate with any willing female.

Anyway, I was just thinking: wouldn't it be advantageous if both sexes were selectors? Like if both sexes were choosy and therefore both had to be at the top of their game so to speak in order to mate, wouldn't the fitness of the species be better overall?

submitted by /u/TrillCozbey
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Is there an amount of viral load that would overwhelm an immune individual?

Posted: 04 Dec 2020 09:06 PM PST

The traditionally immunizable diseases -- chicken pox, mmr, shingles, hep, rabies, etc -- is there some viral load that my immune system would be incapable of fighting off?

submitted by /u/arbitrageME
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Do flu shots ever provide *some* protection against other non-covered strains?

Posted: 04 Dec 2020 08:56 PM PST

If they formulate a given shot to cover 3-4 particular strains, would a person getting the shot have some theoretical protection against other strains in the same 'family' of viruses? Like maybe you'd get sick but not as sick as you could have?

submitted by /u/Pooch76
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Why is a fourth satellite needed for time information in GPS location?

Posted: 04 Dec 2020 02:00 PM PST

I understand the onboard clock in GPS processing units aren't an atomic clock cabable of giving the information for variable T, but if all GPSs are equipped with these highly accurate atomic clocks, couldn't one of the satellites already transmitting X Y Z also give data for T rather than having a seperate satellite for X Y Z and T? Sorry if this is a dumb question, I am studying to be a pilot and am onto my instrument rating, I want to try and understand the GPS system to the best of my ability.

submitted by /u/ptoutain
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vào lúc No comments:

Friday, December 4, 2020

Do people who had already been infected by a virus needs the vaccine to it, if its the same strain?

Do people who had already been infected by a virus needs the vaccine to it, if its the same strain?

Do people who had already been infected by a virus needs the vaccine to it, if its the same strain?

Posted: 04 Dec 2020 06:28 AM PST

If our solar system had 2 suns like depicted in Star Wars on Tatooine, would life be possible or would this be too much radiation to sustain life as we know it?

Posted: 04 Dec 2020 01:09 AM PST

Meaning humans wouldn't be as we are, or plants, animals, etc would be different? I know we haven't found life elsewhere in the universe, yet, but it seems that situation would be difficult. And if it's possible to sustain life with two suns, how?

submitted by /u/Nordicblood819
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Many epidemiologists say that even if they receive a COVID-19 vaccine, they will not change their own behaviors until the overall population is vaccinated. In what way do the behaviors of a vaccinated person increase risk for themselves or their community?

Posted: 04 Dec 2020 10:51 AM PST

I was reading this survey of epidemiologists in the NYTimes which, like many interviews I've read, had experts saying they would not change their personal behaviors until the population was sufficiently vaccinated, even if they themselves had been vaccinated. Why should a vaccinated person not freely return to pre-COVID behaviors?

submitted by /u/thosearesomewords
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Has there been any research on Covid19 vaccines in children or pregnant women?

Posted: 04 Dec 2020 03:04 AM PST

Are Unvaccinated People More Likely to Die From Covid?

Posted: 04 Dec 2020 10:12 AM PST

I have a mom who's very anti-vax, and therefore, I don't have a single vaccination. I recently got Covid-19, and it's pretty bad. I also had asthma when I was younger, so I'm worried about that. Thanks for any help!

submitted by /u/Peachy-Pickles
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How did scientists measure the temperature of Mars before the first probes landed there?

Posted: 04 Dec 2020 10:40 AM PST

Can immunity be maintained for a viral infection after recovering if continuously exposed to the virus?

Posted: 04 Dec 2020 11:37 AM PST

So after recovering from an infection, our antibody levels are elevated. I'm assuming other infection fighting cells and organisms are elevated for a period of time to protect your body.

Hypothetically, does this immune response remain elevated if constantly exposed to the disease? And how does this affect the body long term? Can the individual get "sick" again?

submitted by /u/james_showme_peach
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Is the rate at which an organism’s DNA mutates itself subject to evolutionary pressures?

Posted: 04 Dec 2020 05:51 AM PST

Sorry if this is an ill-formed question, but my understanding of evolution is that one of the factors determining the "speed" at which an organism evolves is the frequency with which its DNA throws up random mutations in order to be "tested" by the environment.

I'm sure the mechanisms behind how this happens are super complex, but are they coded somehow in the genes of an organism so that there could be genes for making animals more "mutation-prone" ?

It seems like for example in environments that are less stable or if the organism relied on expanding outwards geographically it would be advantageous for your offspring to be quicker to adapt, whereas if you've found your niche in a very stable environment you'd intuitively want to evolve away from random mutations. I guess in an abstract way it's a kind of "meta-evolution"

submitted by /u/blablatrooper
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Atlantic Ocean vs Pacific Ocean?

Posted: 04 Dec 2020 06:35 AM PST

The Atlantic and Pacific Oceans are growing and shrinking respectively because of continental drift. Assuming the process and the rate of said process remain constant, how long will it be until the Atlantic becomes bigger than the Pacific Ocean? (Not how long until the Pacific closes up entirely)

submitted by /u/jaggedcanyon69
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Why is Dark Matter called 'matter'?

Posted: 03 Dec 2020 05:45 PM PST

Aside from the fact that the word 'dark' is a placeholder term. As far as I understand we have only measured unexplained gravitational effects. Wouldn't it be more accurate to call it 'dark gravity'? Is matter literally the only thing we know of that could produce such effects?

submitted by /u/mark0136
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Given what we know now about the coronavirus how big a role does asymptomatic transmission play in spreading the virus?

Posted: 04 Dec 2020 12:47 AM PST

It is my understanding that as we hit the spring and summer months the conventional view, or at least fear, was that asymptomatic spreaders were responsible for most of the new cases.

Naturally it is good to take precautions when there are lots of unknowns. Masks are cheap and should be worn to minimize spread. Furthermore there is no real quick way to tell if someone has the virus and is symptomatic, so masks should be worn to minimize risk. However, it seems like asymptomatic spread plays less of a role than we previously thought. Correct me if I am wrong but it is my understanding that family and group gatherings are a leading cause of new cases. Sharing the elevator with three people who have COVID, but are asymptomatic, is less risky then having dinner with a family member who has a cough.

I hope it doesn't sound like I am against the asymptomatic transmission hypothesis or wearing masks, I just am wondering if it is still a leading cause of viral spread. Believe me I am a keen mask wearer and will continue to wear one regardless of the responses I get!

submitted by /u/thecrazednutter
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Aside from Neanderthals, is there any other subspecies of the Homo genus with DNA found in modern humans?

Posted: 03 Dec 2020 02:42 PM PST

How does viral transmission work? How is it possible to be in close contact with someone who has recovered from a disease & not catch it?

Posted: 03 Dec 2020 09:52 PM PST

Especially in the context of COVID-19. From my understanding, the CDC provided that a person is not contagious if it's been 10 days since symptom onset + no fever without medicine or 2 negative PCR tests.

The CDC has also said, though, that a person could test positive for up to 3 months after recovery. But I am a little confused here.

If COVID-19 is in someone's body enough to come up on a PCR test, how is it possible to kiss/hug/be intimate/just be in close quarters with a person? Is the risk 0%? Or is there always a risk of catching COVID (or any virus!) from someone who has recovered?

submitted by /u/swishywishy_
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Have Pfizer and Moderna patented their vaccines or are they allowing others to replicate it?

Posted: 03 Dec 2020 07:37 PM PST

I think it was the inventor of the polio vaccine that refused to patent it to allow it to be more easily accessible to all. Had big pharma done the same in light of the pandemic or are they still trying to make a buck?

submitted by /u/chesterforbes
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Why is it so that in most cases of RGB stuff like phone displays or “gaming” accessories the number of colour which can be displayed is 16.8 million?

Posted: 04 Dec 2020 05:18 AM PST

How quickly can transmission to showing symptoms happen with Covid-19?

Posted: 03 Dec 2020 05:49 PM PST

I have heard that in some cases, 2 weeks may pass before someone starts showing symptoms after they are infected.(needs verification) What is the fastest you may show symptoms after infection?

submitted by /u/chillest_dude_
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How can axions be a potential component of cold dark matter if they're so light?

Posted: 03 Dec 2020 03:27 PM PST

Axions are considered a candidate for cold dark matter, and yet observational constraints require that their mass be less than 10-3 eV/c2 . Shouldn't they then be ultrarelativistic and therefore be a component of hot dark matter, like neutrinos? A very light particle comprising CDM seems contradictory to me, unless they are nevertheless expected to have somehow been produced with low energies (making them non-relativistic). This seems unlikely, so I'm curious where my misunderstanding is.

submitted by /u/drakero
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Can a Supernova be observed as vividly as galaxies in the night sky?

Posted: 03 Dec 2020 06:59 PM PST
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