How do woodpeckers not have concussions 24/7?

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• How do woodpeckers not have concussions 24/7?
• Are they any examples of 2-way predation in biology?
• Can a sun have a ring?
• Since chickens descended from dinosaurs that laid eggs, wouldn’t that mean the egg came before the chicken?
• Differences between Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccine?
• With the mRNACOVID-19 vaccine, will your ribosomes eventually stop producing the viral spike?
• How are isotopes detected in stars?
• Why does masturbating make a smell in your room?
• How did epidemics and disease affect natural populations before humans existed?
• Could Different Covid Vaccines Interfere With Each Other Across Populations?
• Do any viruses other than Chickenpox reemerge after the primary infection and cause a second disease like the varicella-zoster virus causes Shingles?
• How many people so far have participated in the various Covid-19 clinical trials that were not part of the placebo?
• What is gender dysphoria?
• With several COVID vaccines on the cusp of being approved for use, the next big step will be mass producing the vaccine. Can Pfizer or Moderna farm out the production of the vaccine to other companies in order to get more vaccine produced more quickly?
• What are the known risks of vaccines?
• Are there any animal species where both sexes are sexual selectors?
• Is there an amount of viral load that would overwhelm an immune individual?
• Do flu shots ever provide *some* protection against other non-covered strains?
• Why is a fourth satellite needed for time information in GPS location?

How do woodpeckers not have concussions 24/7? Posted: 04 Dec 2020 10:12 PM PST submitted by /u/uriwjssjwiwuwwi [link] [comments]

Are they any examples of 2-way predation in biology? Posted: 04 Dec 2020 03:47 PM PST What I mean is two species who both eat each other as part of their diet. I know there are examples where the prey can be a physical threat to the predator depending on the circumstance, but I've never heard of two species being both predator and prey to each other. submitted by /u/theRogueTrombonist [link] [comments]

Can a sun have a ring? Posted: 04 Dec 2020 05:13 PM PST submitted by /u/ku3ah [link] [comments]

Since chickens descended from dinosaurs that laid eggs, wouldn’t that mean the egg came before the chicken? Posted: 04 Dec 2020 03:54 PM PST submitted by /u/formerrrgymnast [link] [comments]

Differences between Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccine? Posted: 04 Dec 2020 02:37 PM PST Some countries are getting Pfizer's vaccine some are getting the AstraZeneca. What are the major difference between the two? Are there benefits from one over the other? Is there a specific reason why a country like South Korea would opt for Astra's version? submitted by /u/general-meow [link] [comments]

With the mRNACOVID-19 vaccine, will your ribosomes eventually stop producing the viral spike? Posted: 05 Dec 2020 08:22 AM PST I can't find much data on this, but my understanding is the mRNA vaccine turns your bodies ribosomes into viral spike factories. Will your ribosomes ever go back to normal and stop producing the viral spike? Is there any information on the potential long term negative effects of it not stoppping production? submitted by /u/newintown11 [link] [comments]

How are isotopes detected in stars? Posted: 05 Dec 2020 02:02 AM PST Is it just that spectrometers are super sensitive enough to do this? Or is there some other trick to it? I'm reading a passage about how oxygen isotope ratios of ¹⁸O/¹⁶O become systematically lower with distance from the galactic centre, and I was wondering how on Earth they measure this? Bonus question: why does this apparent trend occur? The book I'm reading is more focused on the Solar System rather than the galaxy, so it simply states that "this actually represents a Galactic evolutionary phenomenon, which we will not study further here." submitted by /u/island_arc_badger [link] [comments]

Why does masturbating make a smell in your room? Posted: 04 Dec 2020 05:54 PM PST My mom would always point out a weird smell... I think she knows, maybe she doesn't IDK ​ But why does masturbating make the smell? Is it the semen that is released? Hormones? Or is it the vigorous exercise? submitted by /u/ReiddotStopBAnMEe [link] [comments]

How did epidemics and disease affect natural populations before humans existed? Posted: 04 Dec 2020 11:52 PM PST Before humanity forced animals nature and people into extremely close proximity how common and devastating were disease epidemics? Have they been responsible for much in the way of a natural population control or evolutionary 'balancing' process? submitted by /u/Wargoatgaming [link] [comments]

Could Different Covid Vaccines Interfere With Each Other Across Populations? Posted: 05 Dec 2020 05:30 AM PST What I am asking is the following scenario: I live in country A, which has vaccinated its population, en masse, with vaccine X. I travel to Country B to see family/business/whatever. Country B has vaccinated its population, en masse, with vaccine Y. Could I be at risk of catching Covid from the people who have received a different vaccine than I, even though I wouldn't have to worry about people who have been vaccinated with the same vaccine as I was? submitted by /u/Skogsmard [link] [comments]

Do any viruses other than Chickenpox reemerge after the primary infection and cause a second disease like the varicella-zoster virus causes Shingles? Posted: 04 Dec 2020 09:24 PM PST I know that Shingles is a reactivation of the virus that causes Chickenpox, and if you haven't had Chickenpox, you can't get Shingles (although you can get Chickenpox from someone who has Shingles). Are there any other viruses that lay dormant and cause a future infection? Is SARS-CoV-2 a type that could reactivate later? submitted by /u/MeadowsofSun [link] [comments]

How many people so far have participated in the various Covid-19 clinical trials that were not part of the placebo? Posted: 05 Dec 2020 03:50 AM PST I can't find any numbers online. Also, how many people do you believe we would need to test before we can have an accurate idea of what to expect? submitted by /u/PM_ME_YOUR_HOG_PLZ [link] [comments]

What is gender dysphoria? Posted: 05 Dec 2020 02:03 AM PST I've done a little bit of research, looking at NHS, APA and DSM-5 definitions and diagnostic criteria, and I had some confusion around what I perceived to be internal inconsistency in the definitions provided. Can science explain, please? submitted by /u/BlackHarbourTRPG [link] [comments]

With several COVID vaccines on the cusp of being approved for use, the next big step will be mass producing the vaccine. Can Pfizer or Moderna farm out the production of the vaccine to other companies in order to get more vaccine produced more quickly? Posted: 04 Dec 2020 03:16 PM PST submitted by /u/doobwah [link] [comments]

What are the known risks of vaccines? Posted: 05 Dec 2020 05:21 AM PST How known are the risks of vaccines? How accurate are we at predicting the risks? For example, do we know if certain types of vaccines are only going to cause a known range of symptoms, or are we so unsure that we don't know if a particular/type is going to shutdown people's livers until we do trials? submitted by /u/TruthOf42 [link] [comments]

Are there any animal species where both sexes are sexual selectors? Posted: 04 Dec 2020 05:29 PM PST First off: sorry if I use any terminology wrong. As I understand it, pretty much every animal species has one sex (usually female) that is the sexual selector, so they're basically the "choosy" one. The other sex (usually the males) then has to sort of earn the right to mate through like fighting or just having the right body parts or dancing, etc. But I always get the impression that the males will pretty much just mate with any willing female. Anyway, I was just thinking: wouldn't it be advantageous if both sexes were selectors? Like if both sexes were choosy and therefore both had to be at the top of their game so to speak in order to mate, wouldn't the fitness of the species be better overall? submitted by /u/TrillCozbey [link] [comments]

Is there an amount of viral load that would overwhelm an immune individual? Posted: 04 Dec 2020 09:06 PM PST The traditionally immunizable diseases -- chicken pox, mmr, shingles, hep, rabies, etc -- is there some viral load that my immune system would be incapable of fighting off? submitted by /u/arbitrageME [link] [comments]

Do flu shots ever provide *some* protection against other non-covered strains? Posted: 04 Dec 2020 08:56 PM PST If they formulate a given shot to cover 3-4 particular strains, would a person getting the shot have some theoretical protection against other strains in the same 'family' of viruses? Like maybe you'd get sick but not as sick as you could have? submitted by /u/Pooch76 [link] [comments]

Why is a fourth satellite needed for time information in GPS location? Posted: 04 Dec 2020 02:00 PM PST I understand the onboard clock in GPS processing units aren't an atomic clock cabable of giving the information for variable T, but if all GPSs are equipped with these highly accurate atomic clocks, couldn't one of the satellites already transmitting X Y Z also give data for T rather than having a seperate satellite for X Y Z and T? Sorry if this is a dumb question, I am studying to be a pilot and am onto my instrument rating, I want to try and understand the GPS system to the best of my ability. submitted by /u/ptoutain [link] [comments]

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Do people who had already been infected by a virus needs the vaccine to it, if its the same strain?

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• Do people who had already been infected by a virus needs the vaccine to it, if its the same strain?
• If our solar system had 2 suns like depicted in Star Wars on Tatooine, would life be possible or would this be too much radiation to sustain life as we know it?
• Many epidemiologists say that even if they receive a COVID-19 vaccine, they will not change their own behaviors until the overall population is vaccinated. In what way do the behaviors of a vaccinated person increase risk for themselves or their community?
• Has there been any research on Covid19 vaccines in children or pregnant women?
• Are Unvaccinated People More Likely to Die From Covid?
• How did scientists measure the temperature of Mars before the first probes landed there?
• Can immunity be maintained for a viral infection after recovering if continuously exposed to the virus?
• Is the rate at which an organism’s DNA mutates itself subject to evolutionary pressures?
• Atlantic Ocean vs Pacific Ocean?
• Why is Dark Matter called 'matter'?
• Given what we know now about the coronavirus how big a role does asymptomatic transmission play in spreading the virus?
• Aside from Neanderthals, is there any other subspecies of the Homo genus with DNA found in modern humans?
• How does viral transmission work? How is it possible to be in close contact with someone who has recovered from a disease & not catch it?
• Have Pfizer and Moderna patented their vaccines or are they allowing others to replicate it?
• Why is it so that in most cases of RGB stuff like phone displays or “gaming” accessories the number of colour which can be displayed is 16.8 million?
• How quickly can transmission to showing symptoms happen with Covid-19?
• How can axions be a potential component of cold dark matter if they're so light?
• Can a Supernova be observed as vividly as galaxies in the night sky?

Do people who had already been infected by a virus needs the vaccine to it, if its the same strain? Posted: 04 Dec 2020 06:28 AM PST submitted by /u/idomsi [link] [comments]

If our solar system had 2 suns like depicted in Star Wars on Tatooine, would life be possible or would this be too much radiation to sustain life as we know it? Posted: 04 Dec 2020 01:09 AM PST Meaning humans wouldn't be as we are, or plants, animals, etc would be different? I know we haven't found life elsewhere in the universe, yet, but it seems that situation would be difficult. And if it's possible to sustain life with two suns, how? submitted by /u/Nordicblood819 [link] [comments]

Many epidemiologists say that even if they receive a COVID-19 vaccine, they will not change their own behaviors until the overall population is vaccinated. In what way do the behaviors of a vaccinated person increase risk for themselves or their community? Posted: 04 Dec 2020 10:51 AM PST I was reading this survey of epidemiologists in the NYTimes which, like many interviews I've read, had experts saying they would not change their personal behaviors until the population was sufficiently vaccinated, even if they themselves had been vaccinated. Why should a vaccinated person not freely return to pre-COVID behaviors? submitted by /u/thosearesomewords [link] [comments]

Has there been any research on Covid19 vaccines in children or pregnant women? Posted: 04 Dec 2020 03:04 AM PST submitted by /u/Ptrulli [link] [comments]

Are Unvaccinated People More Likely to Die From Covid? Posted: 04 Dec 2020 10:12 AM PST I have a mom who's very anti-vax, and therefore, I don't have a single vaccination. I recently got Covid-19, and it's pretty bad. I also had asthma when I was younger, so I'm worried about that. Thanks for any help! submitted by /u/Peachy-Pickles [link] [comments]

How did scientists measure the temperature of Mars before the first probes landed there? Posted: 04 Dec 2020 10:40 AM PST submitted by /u/Darth19Vader77 [link] [comments]

Can immunity be maintained for a viral infection after recovering if continuously exposed to the virus? Posted: 04 Dec 2020 11:37 AM PST So after recovering from an infection, our antibody levels are elevated. I'm assuming other infection fighting cells and organisms are elevated for a period of time to protect your body. Hypothetically, does this immune response remain elevated if constantly exposed to the disease? And how does this affect the body long term? Can the individual get "sick" again? submitted by /u/james_showme_peach [link] [comments]

Is the rate at which an organism’s DNA mutates itself subject to evolutionary pressures? Posted: 04 Dec 2020 05:51 AM PST Sorry if this is an ill-formed question, but my understanding of evolution is that one of the factors determining the "speed" at which an organism evolves is the frequency with which its DNA throws up random mutations in order to be "tested" by the environment. I'm sure the mechanisms behind how this happens are super complex, but are they coded somehow in the genes of an organism so that there could be genes for making animals more "mutation-prone" ? It seems like for example in environments that are less stable or if the organism relied on expanding outwards geographically it would be advantageous for your offspring to be quicker to adapt, whereas if you've found your niche in a very stable environment you'd intuitively want to evolve away from random mutations. I guess in an abstract way it's a kind of "meta-evolution" submitted by /u/blablatrooper [link] [comments]

Atlantic Ocean vs Pacific Ocean? Posted: 04 Dec 2020 06:35 AM PST The Atlantic and Pacific Oceans are growing and shrinking respectively because of continental drift. Assuming the process and the rate of said process remain constant, how long will it be until the Atlantic becomes bigger than the Pacific Ocean? (Not how long until the Pacific closes up entirely) submitted by /u/jaggedcanyon69 [link] [comments]

Why is Dark Matter called 'matter'? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 05:45 PM PST Aside from the fact that the word 'dark' is a placeholder term. As far as I understand we have only measured unexplained gravitational effects. Wouldn't it be more accurate to call it 'dark gravity'? Is matter literally the only thing we know of that could produce such effects? submitted by /u/mark0136 [link] [comments]

Given what we know now about the coronavirus how big a role does asymptomatic transmission play in spreading the virus? Posted: 04 Dec 2020 12:47 AM PST It is my understanding that as we hit the spring and summer months the conventional view, or at least fear, was that asymptomatic spreaders were responsible for most of the new cases. Naturally it is good to take precautions when there are lots of unknowns. Masks are cheap and should be worn to minimize spread. Furthermore there is no real quick way to tell if someone has the virus and is symptomatic, so masks should be worn to minimize risk. However, it seems like asymptomatic spread plays less of a role than we previously thought. Correct me if I am wrong but it is my understanding that family and group gatherings are a leading cause of new cases. Sharing the elevator with three people who have COVID, but are asymptomatic, is less risky then having dinner with a family member who has a cough. I hope it doesn't sound like I am against the asymptomatic transmission hypothesis or wearing masks, I just am wondering if it is still a leading cause of viral spread. Believe me I am a keen mask wearer and will continue to wear one regardless of the responses I get! submitted by /u/thecrazednutter [link] [comments]

Aside from Neanderthals, is there any other subspecies of the Homo genus with DNA found in modern humans? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 02:42 PM PST submitted by /u/vexed_chexmix [link] [comments]

How does viral transmission work? How is it possible to be in close contact with someone who has recovered from a disease & not catch it? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 09:52 PM PST Especially in the context of COVID-19. From my understanding, the CDC provided that a person is not contagious if it's been 10 days since symptom onset + no fever without medicine or 2 negative PCR tests. The CDC has also said, though, that a person could test positive for up to 3 months after recovery. But I am a little confused here. If COVID-19 is in someone's body enough to come up on a PCR test, how is it possible to kiss/hug/be intimate/just be in close quarters with a person? Is the risk 0%? Or is there always a risk of catching COVID (or any virus!) from someone who has recovered? submitted by /u/swishywishy_ [link] [comments]

Have Pfizer and Moderna patented their vaccines or are they allowing others to replicate it? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 07:37 PM PST I think it was the inventor of the polio vaccine that refused to patent it to allow it to be more easily accessible to all. Had big pharma done the same in light of the pandemic or are they still trying to make a buck? submitted by /u/chesterforbes [link] [comments]

Why is it so that in most cases of RGB stuff like phone displays or “gaming” accessories the number of colour which can be displayed is 16.8 million? Posted: 04 Dec 2020 05:18 AM PST submitted by /u/ViPeR9503 [link] [comments]

How quickly can transmission to showing symptoms happen with Covid-19? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 05:49 PM PST I have heard that in some cases, 2 weeks may pass before someone starts showing symptoms after they are infected.(needs verification) What is the fastest you may show symptoms after infection? submitted by /u/chillest_dude_ [link] [comments]

How can axions be a potential component of cold dark matter if they're so light? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 03:27 PM PST Axions are considered a candidate for cold dark matter, and yet observational constraints require that their mass be less than 10-3 eV/c2 . Shouldn't they then be ultrarelativistic and therefore be a component of hot dark matter, like neutrinos? A very light particle comprising CDM seems contradictory to me, unless they are nevertheless expected to have somehow been produced with low energies (making them non-relativistic). This seems unlikely, so I'm curious where my misunderstanding is. submitted by /u/drakero [link] [comments]

Can a Supernova be observed as vividly as galaxies in the night sky? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 06:59 PM PST submitted by /u/Writer4231 [link] [comments]

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Why is wifi perfectly safe and why is microwave radiation capable of heating food?

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• Why is wifi perfectly safe and why is microwave radiation capable of heating food?
• Do we know of covid-19 reservoirs in wild animals yet?
• NASA is sending a probe to Jupiter's moon, Europa, to measure its magnetic field which allows for determining how deep and salty any oceans are but how does magnetic field measurement allow this calculation?
• Do wind turbines have any measurable impact on local windspeed?
• Is the "Soreness" caused after a vaccine a result of the physical damage caused by the puncture, the "vaccine" itself, or a combination of the two?
• Spinosaurus was roughly the same weight as Paraceratherium. However, one was endothermic while the other was exothermic. Did they have different internal temperatures, or does body heat round out at that size?
• Researchers working on the covid vaccine: were the volunteers tested before the vaccine for any previous exposure, the presence of antibodies, or any other signs of immunity? Are volunteers being tested continuously, or are they responsible for self reporting of symptoms?
• How much ink does an average sized squid squirt at a time?
• When a vaccine is 70% effective, what does that mean - are 70% of recipients protected 100% or are 100% protected 70%?
• How much of a bottleneck is protein folding in the drug development process?
• Why can our bodies create an immune response to the rabies vaccine, but not to the virus itself if we've been exposed?
• Was/is mass distributed randomly throughout the universe, or is there some pattern?
• Can cross-sex hormones affect major histocompatibility complex molecules in humans(HLA)?
• Hallmarks of cancer - Do cancers need to achieve all (6) of the hallmarks in order to become successful (i.e. deadly to the patient), or do they only need to evolve a few, if so then which ones?
• Does the spin of a black hole pull objects laterally, in some cases helping them achieve orbital velocity?
• Does everything have some level of elasticity?
• Is there any detectable difference between gravity and acceleration?
• Will any of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines be able to induce broad-spectrum immunity against coronaviruses?
• Could you argue that carbon monoxide (CO) contributes to the greenhouse effect?
• What if the difference between NK cells and T-killer cells?
• What are the epidemiological reasons for immunizing healthcare workers before at-risk populations?
• What percentage of stars in our night sky are actually galaxies vs actual stars?

Why is wifi perfectly safe and why is microwave radiation capable of heating food? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 05:45 AM PST I get the whole energy of electromagnetic wave fiasco, but why are microwaves capable of heating food while their frequency is so similar to wifi(radio) waves. The energy difference between them isn't huge. Why is it that microwave ovens then heat food so efficiently? Is it because the oven uses a lot of waves? submitted by /u/AlySalama [link] [comments]

Do we know of covid-19 reservoirs in wild animals yet? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 09:00 AM PST Knowing that Denmark had to cull their mink population because they contracted covid-19 and knowing the role of wild bird populations with regards to influenza, what do we know of similar wild animal populations that could play an important role as virus reservoirs for covid-19 in the next couple of years? Thank you very much! submitted by /u/bowlabrown [link] [comments]

NASA is sending a probe to Jupiter's moon, Europa, to measure its magnetic field which allows for determining how deep and salty any oceans are but how does magnetic field measurement allow this calculation? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 07:16 AM PST Link to mission description below. Relevant sentence: " The mission will also carry a magnetometer to measure the strength and direction of the moon's magnetic field, which will allow scientists to determine the depth and salinity of its ocean" ​ https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/europa-clipper/ submitted by /u/momscooking [link] [comments]

Do wind turbines have any measurable impact on local windspeed? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 10:29 AM PST submitted by /u/FogeltheVogel [link] [comments]

Is the "Soreness" caused after a vaccine a result of the physical damage caused by the puncture, the "vaccine" itself, or a combination of the two? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 08:59 AM PST See title. I haven't been able to find a definite answer online from a reputable scientific source. Is the pain in the arm caused by the puncture "wound" and its healing process, or does the introduction of the vaccine and the chemicals involved contribute to the pain? Additional question: If the answer is "puncture wound" Does the needle gauge make a difference in the amount of localized soreness? submitted by /u/shadow9494 [link] [comments]

Spinosaurus was roughly the same weight as Paraceratherium. However, one was endothermic while the other was exothermic. Did they have different internal temperatures, or does body heat round out at that size? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 09:41 AM PST submitted by /u/MennoBueno [link] [comments]

Researchers working on the covid vaccine: were the volunteers tested before the vaccine for any previous exposure, the presence of antibodies, or any other signs of immunity? Are volunteers being tested continuously, or are they responsible for self reporting of symptoms? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 07:10 AM PST The information shared by Pfizer left me wondering. submitted by /u/rangerwags [link] [comments]

How much ink does an average sized squid squirt at a time? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 09:21 AM PST I know, very weird question, but I have a genius plan in DnD and need to know the logistics. Thanks so much! submitted by /u/JustyUekiTylor [link] [comments]

When a vaccine is 70% effective, what does that mean - are 70% of recipients protected 100% or are 100% protected 70%? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 06:14 AM PST Hopefully the title summarises it well, however incase it isn't - say in COVID-19 the AZ vaccine is 70% effective, what does that actually mean though: Are 70% of people protected against 100% of exposures - and 30% get no protection, or Do 100% of people have their risk of contracting the virus at each exposure by 70%? If it's that 30% of people have no protection - is there any way to know those who are still at risk? This can go for all vaccines, not just COVID-19. submitted by /u/idontlikeyonge [link] [comments]

How much of a bottleneck is protein folding in the drug development process? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 10:14 AM PST I'm a total layman but I've been really excited to read about the Alphafold breakthrough. Assuming it does what they claim it does how much time and money would this save? From my understanding starting a drug from scratch and releasing it to the general public takes about 15 years (not sure if this is accurate). How long would it take now? submitted by /u/hugababoo [link] [comments]

Why can our bodies create an immune response to the rabies vaccine, but not to the virus itself if we've been exposed? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 07:45 AM PST I hope that phrasing makes sense. I just don't understand how the virus evades our own defenses and is pretty much 100% fatal, unless it's introduced in vaccine form. Bonus question: are there other viruses like this? submitted by /u/cosmicdogdust [link] [comments]

Was/is mass distributed randomly throughout the universe, or is there some pattern? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 11:08 AM PST Clearly, there are forces such as gravity that cause mass to accumulate. However, I can create an algorithm that creates patterns in a data set similar to gravity, but the data provided can be random. What I'm asking is if in the big picture, did the mass in the universe (data set) get distributed randomly from the big banger, or was there some sort of order to the distribution of mass? Also, if the initial distribution was random, did that change? I'm thinking only life can create order, but I'm also not a physics philosopher. Honestly, I'm could use some help with the question if I'm off track. It's a but confusing to me. submitted by /u/OverthrowYourMasters [link] [comments]

Can cross-sex hormones affect major histocompatibility complex molecules in humans(HLA)? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 06:56 AM PST I've been informed that HLA probably isn't sexually dimorphic, but I've only seen tenuous links between HLA and scent-based attraction in the papers I've seen, and it seems like the best explanation for it so far. Yet, I wonder why heterozygous HLA alleles couldn't be picked up strongly by someone if they're the wrong sex? Also, any research related to trans people and scent would be appreciated, as well as explanations of what can affect HLA if not cross-sex hormones. Last but not least would be the best research that expands upon this: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5006172/ submitted by /u/DryInstance4023 [link] [comments]

Hallmarks of cancer - Do cancers need to achieve all (6) of the hallmarks in order to become successful (i.e. deadly to the patient), or do they only need to evolve a few, if so then which ones? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 06:24 AM PST If not which ones are required/the most necessary in order to be deadly? Are some of the hallmarks more important than others (i.e. I know metastasis is essentially the death sentence ...but I know you can get cancers without metastasis submitted by /u/Carlitoris [link] [comments]

Does the spin of a black hole pull objects laterally, in some cases helping them achieve orbital velocity? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 05:08 AM PST See title. Can the spin of a black hole help objects drawn toward it to achieve orbital velocity? Can the spin of a black hole contribute speed to an object flying by it? submitted by /u/lunaprey [link] [comments]

Does everything have some level of elasticity? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 01:43 AM PST I'm not a science major or anything. I'm an idiot art major but last night at 3 am I had a thought. Does everything have a certain level of elasticity? I know sometimes bridges are constructed with concrete blocks with metal bars in it that are stretched so that the "elasticity" of the stretched bar can take some of the load and reduce bending. Does that mean every material can be elastic to at least an atomic level? I'm just curious. Educate me pls submitted by /u/watermelonboat [link] [comments]

Is there any detectable difference between gravity and acceleration? Posted: 02 Dec 2020 10:02 PM PST Using only information gatherable inside in a sealed box, would there be any way to tell if one were smoothly accelerating at 1G versus being stationary on an Earth sized planet? Ignoring data originating from outside the box. In other words, is there any detectable difference between the effects of gravity versus of acceleration ("force" for lack of a better word), other than the obvious observational effects? submitted by /u/marklein [link] [comments]

Will any of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines be able to induce broad-spectrum immunity against coronaviruses? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 09:44 AM PST We know that SARS-1 is still lurking in the shadows. And of course there are coronaviruses that are as mild as the common cold. But the big one, MERS-CoV, has of course been speculated to be the causative agent of a future pandemic and is far deadlier than both SARS-2 and its ancestral strain. Since the vast majority of these vaccines induce an immune response against the Spike glycoprotein, how effective will they be in reducing illnesses with other coronaviruses? submitted by /u/the___wzrd [link] [comments]

Could you argue that carbon monoxide (CO) contributes to the greenhouse effect? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 02:32 AM PST As CO does not affect the greenhouse directly but it reacts with hydroxyl (OH) radicals in the atmosphere, reducing their abundance. As OH radicals help to reduce the lifetimes of strong greenhouse gases, like methane, carbon monoxide indirectly increases the g globalobal warming potential of these gases. And could you therefore say that CO contributes to the greenhouse effect. submitted by /u/nexxus147 [link] [comments]

What if the difference between NK cells and T-killer cells? Posted: 03 Dec 2020 06:12 AM PST I am having a hard time understanding exactly what each do and what makes them different so help would be very nice :) submitted by /u/LittleDupie [link] [comments]

What are the epidemiological reasons for immunizing healthcare workers before at-risk populations? Posted: 02 Dec 2020 10:31 PM PST "Frontline healthcare workers and elderly residents of long-term care facilities will receive the very first COVID-19 vaccinations, a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advisory board recommended Tuesday. These groups will make up Phase 1A of U.S. vaccine recipients who will receive the first 40 million or so doses that could be available by the end of the year. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is currently reviewing two vaccines, from Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, for emergency use authorization." - Time I am wondering why we're not immunizing older folks or people with pre-existing conditions first, from an epidemiological standpoint (not asking if it's moral to do so). Does the overall amount of deaths actually decrease if you immunize healthcare workers first? What are the epidemiological implications and justifications of this decision and how will it alter the trajectory of the pandemic, as compared to if we immunize the at-risk population first? submitted by /u/DarkSkyKnight [link] [comments]

What percentage of stars in our night sky are actually galaxies vs actual stars? Posted: 02 Dec 2020 09:10 PM PST submitted by /u/randitothebandito [link] [comments]

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