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Friday, October 16, 2020

Two large satellites are predicted to have a >10% chance of colliding at 8:56pm on Thursday. If it happened, what would we be able to see from the surface of Earth, and what would the short and long term consequences be?

Two large satellites are predicted to have a >10% chance of colliding at 8:56pm on Thursday. If it happened, what would we be able to see from the surface of Earth, and what would the short and long term consequences be?


Two large satellites are predicted to have a >10% chance of colliding at 8:56pm on Thursday. If it happened, what would we be able to see from the surface of Earth, and what would the short and long term consequences be?

Posted: 15 Oct 2020 01:37 PM PDT

LeoLabs are predicting that two large satellites have an uncomfortably high chance of colliding at an altitude of ~1,000km on Thursday. (EDIT: Looks like the satellites passed each other without incident, thankfully.)

Given their high mass and relative velocity, would a collision produce a flash capable of being seen from Earth, either with the naked eye or with a telescope (however powerful)?

Will debris at that altitude make space exploration much more difficult, and if so, for how long?

And a bonus question: what, if anything, could we do about it with such short notice, assuming we had access to whatever resources necessary?

Thank you, space boffins.

Edit: Sorry, I should have been clearer that the timezone for the collision estimate was reported in EDT, so the moment has now passed and it seems that the objects missed each other by as little as 10 metres.

That being said, I'm still interested to know the hypothetical answers to the above questions for when situations like this inevitably occur again in the future.

I'd also like to expand the scope of the "what could we do about it" question: rather than asking what we could do about this specific collision, in general what could we do about any potential collision of space debris?

How much time would we realistically need, given the current state of technology, to mount a response to cope with something on this scale?

How would that timeline change if, say, China, the US, and Europe all decided that avoiding a collision was priority number one and provided unlimited resources to solve the problem?

submitted by /u/neotek
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What is the farthest back you could go in human history, take a child, and raise it in the modern day world and have it be a normal human?

Posted: 15 Oct 2020 11:22 AM PDT

Always wondered about this, and exactly when we became the same Homosapiens we are today. Thanks in advance

submitted by /u/CountRackulah
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Am I properly understanding quantum entanglement (could FTL data transmission exist)?

Posted: 16 Oct 2020 06:55 AM PDT

I understand that electrons can be entangled through a variety of methods. This entanglement ties their two spins together with the result that when one is measured, the other's measurement is predictable.

I have done considerable "internet research" on the properties of entangled subatomic particles and concluded with a design for data transmission. Since scientific consensus has ruled that such a device is impossible, my question must be: How is my understanding of entanglement properties flawed, given the following design?

Creation:

A group of sequenced entangled particles is made, A (length La). A1 remains on earth, while A2 is carried on a starship for an interstellar mission, along with a clock having a constant tick rate K relative to earth (compensation for relativistic speeds is done by a computer).

Data Transmission:

The core idea here is the idea that you can "set" the value of a spin. I have encountered little information about how quantum states are measured, but from the look of the Stern-Gerlach experiment, once a state is exposed to a magnetic field, its spin is simultaneously measured and held at that measured value. To change it, just keep "rolling the dice" and passing electrons with incorrect spins through the magnetic field until you get the value you want. To create a custom signal of bit length La, the average amount of passes will be proportional to the (square/factorial?) of La.

Usage:

If the previously described process is possible, it is trivial to imagine a machine that checks the spins of the electrons in A2 at the clock rate K. To be sure it was receiving non-random, current data, a timestamp could come with each packet to keep clocks synchronized. K would be constrained both by the ability of the sender to "set" the spins and the receiver to take a snapshot of spin positions.

So yeah, please tell me how wrong I am.

submitted by /u/fixednovel
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What share of Covid-19 patients suffers long-term impact?

Posted: 15 Oct 2020 12:51 PM PDT

We know that the virus hospitalizes mostly elderly and those with pre-existing conditions. But how about the mild cases?

We've all read stories about long term tiredness, damaged heart and lungs, confusion, forgetfulness (brain damage). So do we know anything about the numbers? 1%? 50% of cases?

New York Times talked high numbers (30-50%) NYT but it's not clear to me how / if that applies to the general population.

submitted by /u/apples-and-apples
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Why can we no longer see light after we turn off/extinguish the light source?

Posted: 16 Oct 2020 02:59 AM PDT

A few months ago, I learned in class that light is a form of electromagnetic radiation and (if I'm understanding EM radiation correctly) that means that light is just visible energy. If I make a sound in a large parking lot, the sound lingers because the vibration bounces off the walls. Why is this effect seemingly nonexistent for light?

submitted by /u/WeebHunter44
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If normal force cancels out the gravitational force on a flat surface, why do I still feel my own weight?

Posted: 16 Oct 2020 05:44 AM PDT

I got this question from a student I teach high school physics to (we just started the chapter about forces), and I wasn't able to formulate a satisfying explanation for myself, can you guys help me out?

submitted by /u/Gizmo110
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What happens to time if an object completely stops moving?

Posted: 16 Oct 2020 05:23 AM PDT

When I say stops moving, I mean without Earth's rotation, orbit, or any other motion it may go through. Just purely frozen in the universe.

submitted by /u/ALittleSurprise1013
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Why have the number of "bits" in commercial computer processors stopped increasing?

Posted: 15 Oct 2020 12:05 PM PDT

In the 20th century, major advances in computing were marked by the number of bits the machine was capable of processing. 8 bit machines, 16 bit, 32 bit and then 64 bit. But it seems we never got to a 128 bit machine (or if we did it was never made commercially) why have commercial computers never adopted 128 bit technology?

submitted by /u/tomtomuk2
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Please explain superfluidity. How is it possible that a fluid has zero viscosity?

Posted: 15 Oct 2020 11:08 AM PDT

Can other animal species have vision impairments like needing glasses?

Posted: 15 Oct 2020 10:45 AM PDT

What do B Cells do in our immune system? What would it be like if we didn’t have them?

Posted: 15 Oct 2020 01:06 PM PDT

Hey! I'm learning more about immunomodulators and everything online is a bit too sciencey for me to completely understand.

Specifically, I'm wondering what B cells actually do, and what our body/immune system would be like without them. I know a bit about T cells but B is a mystery

submitted by /u/cantthink0fanything
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Seasonal flu comes back every year, are they all different strains every year? wonder why we didn’t hear about “2nd wave”(other than Spanish flu)?

Posted: 15 Oct 2020 09:05 AM PDT

Why airplanes fly? (Bernoulli or Conada?)

Posted: 14 Oct 2020 06:57 PM PDT

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3KqjRPV9_PY

I was watching that, but the explanation sounds like dark magic to me (which is fair enough, it is a pop-sci).

My exact question is:

What experiment can differentiate if it is indeed Bernoulli or Conada effect?

submitted by /u/BeatriceBernardo
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Thursday, October 15, 2020

AskScience AMA Series: I'm Astronaut Terry Virts: An Insider who can tell you about leaving planet earth! Ask me anything!

AskScience AMA Series: I'm Astronaut Terry Virts: An Insider who can tell you about leaving planet earth! Ask me anything!


AskScience AMA Series: I'm Astronaut Terry Virts: An Insider who can tell you about leaving planet earth! Ask me anything!

Posted: 15 Oct 2020 04:00 AM PDT

Hi Reddit, I'm Col. Terry Virts. I'm a former astronaut who commanded the International Space Station from 2014-2015. I also spent two weeks piloting the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 2010. During my time in space, I took more than 300,000 photos of earth, conducted hundreds of experiments, did everything from shooting an IMAX movie to replacing a crew mate's tooth filling! I also went on three spacewalks. I'm now a professional speaker, photographer, director, and author. My directorial debut documentary, One More Orbit, was released on VOD on Oct. 6 and my new book, How to Astronaut: An Insider's Guide to Leaving Planet Earth released on Sep. 15! From fighter jets to unwieldly space suits, space station cuisine, and an uncensored look at answering the call of nature in zero-g, HOW TO ASTRONAUT: An Insider's Guide To Leaving Planet Earth is a wildly entertaining collection of short essays that offers a primer for future space tourists with a sneak peek behind the curtain at the rules, lessons, procedures, and experiences of space travel.

I will start at 2pm Eastern (18 UT), ask me anything!

Username: /u/Astro-Terry

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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How can a COVID-19 vaccine be ready in less time than it takes for the trials to be completed?

Posted: 14 Oct 2020 11:53 PM PDT

I'm confused about this. I've seen some articles say that the trials for the covid vaccines are supposed to last for two years, but I also have been reading that a vaccine may be ready (if not widely available) within a few months. How can a vaccine be ready that soon if the trials are supposed to last longer?

submitted by /u/Lucca01
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Is alcohol equally efficient in killing all types of viruses?

Posted: 15 Oct 2020 06:51 AM PDT

Is any type of virus more resistant than the others to alcohol, even if still vulnerable?

submitted by /u/PsychedelicDoggo
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Does superconductivity occur naturally anywhere in the universe?

Posted: 14 Oct 2020 04:52 PM PDT

My guess is that we don't have any concrete evidence of it occurring anywhere, but I'm curious if there are any likely candidates for where it might occur? For example, is there any chance that it could be influencing the magnetic field of certain types of planets?

submitted by /u/PokerPirate
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Anybody who's knowledegeable about the African Swine Fever?

Posted: 14 Oct 2020 07:45 PM PDT

Can ASF (African Swine Fever) affect other animals?

submitted by /u/KonigKreiger
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How do fevers kill a human?

Posted: 14 Oct 2020 11:31 AM PDT

When the internal temperature of our bodies gets too high (>42°C), people can die from the heat, probably owing to enzymes not working at peak efficiency.

My question is: which enzymes/cells/organs are so affected by the fever and how can it be lethal?

submitted by /u/Bastiproton
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How much electrical charge is required to make a difference in the weight of a battery?

Posted: 14 Oct 2020 03:31 PM PDT

How much electrical charge, in terms of mAh or otherwise, is required to make a 1g or 1kg difference in a battery? I know electrons weigh something, albeit incredibly little, so how many electrons make a gram, and how much power will 1 gram of electrons produce?

submitted by /u/SpuddyA7X
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Why do lightnings form over erupting volcanoes?

Posted: 14 Oct 2020 01:40 PM PDT

Basically that. Every time I see a picture or video of an erupting volcano, there's a thunderstorm or lightnings over it.

submitted by /u/Gonzakap
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If the universe is always expanding, is it infinite? Was it always expanding or did it start at some point? Is it always expanding at the same speed? Will it always be expanding?

Posted: 14 Oct 2020 04:19 PM PDT

Would a attempt to land people on mars using today’s technology be more dangerous then the first moon landing ?

Posted: 14 Oct 2020 11:11 AM PDT

I know there's probably a ton of factors going into this question , as uneducated as I am on the topic I can understand that travel and landing on mars is no easy feat .but I'd be happy with an educated guess. Mars seems really difficult but Apollo 11 had its own share of close calls so idk. What's a realistic guess at the rate of failure edit the first missions going to look like if we push through as fast as possible with it.

submitted by /u/Timely_Key_4665
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Why are asymptomatic covid cases getting tested in the first place ?

Posted: 14 Oct 2020 03:52 PM PDT

If they have no symptoms why are they getting a covid test? according to google 80% of infections are mild or asymptomatic .

submitted by /u/productionmaster88
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Wednesday, October 14, 2020

We are scientists from the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology coming to you from our annual meeting — which is virtual this year! We study fossils. Ask Us Anything!

We are scientists from the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology coming to you from our annual meeting — which is virtual this year! We study fossils. Ask Us Anything!


We are scientists from the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology coming to you from our annual meeting — which is virtual this year! We study fossils. Ask Us Anything!

Posted: 14 Oct 2020 04:00 AM PDT

Hi /r/AskScience! We are members of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, here for our 7th annual AMA. We study fossil fish, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles — anything with a backbone! Our research includes how these organisms lived, how they were affected by environmental change like a changing climate, how they're related, and much more. You can follow us on Twitter @SVP_vertpaleo.

Also, it's National Fossil Day in the US. Please join us in celebrating! Our experts today are:

  • Matt Borths, Ph.D. (/u/Chapalmalania) is the Curator of Fossils at the Duke Lemur Center at Duke University in Durham, NC. His research focuses on the evolution of carnivorous mammals and primates, especially in Africa and North America. He is also part of several teams working to network natural history collections. Dr. Borths co-produced the paleontology podcast series Past Time (www.pasttime.org).

  • Stephanie Drumheller, Ph.D. (/u/UglyFossils) is a paleontologist at the University of Tennessee whose research focuses on the processes of fossilization, evolution, and biology, of crocodiles and their relatives, including identifying bite marks on fossils. Find her on Twitter @UglyFossils.

  • Eugenia Gold, Ph.D. (/u/DrEugeniaGold) is an Assistant Professorin the Biology Department at Suffolk University in Boston, MA. Her research focuses on the evolution of the brain in dinosaurs. Dr. Gold also created www.drneurosaurus.com and co-authored She Found Fossils (and Ella Encontró Fósiles), a children's book about women in paleontology.

  • Josh Miller, Ph.D. (/u/PaleoJosh) is a paleoecologist and Assistant Professor at the University of Cincinnati. His research focuses on Pleistocene paleoecology, taphonomy, and using fossil and subfossil records to help conserve and manage modern ecosystems (Conservation Paleobiology). Find out more at JoshuaHMiller.com.

  • Ali Nabavizadeh, Ph.D. (/u/vertpaleoama) an Assistant Professor of Anatomy in the Department of Biomedical Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. His research investigates the comparative anatomy and evolution of herbivorous dinosaurs, dicynodonts, and proboscideans. He is specifically interested in the muscles of their skulls and jaws, and the functional morphology of how they feed. Find him on Twitter: @Vert_Anatomist.

  • Adam Pritchard, Ph.D. (/u/vertpaleoama) is the Assistant Curator of Paleontology at the Virginia Museum of Natural History in Martinsville, VA. His research focuses on the evolution of reptiles during the Permian and Triassic periods, a time of great change that saw the rise of the dinosaurs. Please check out the Virginia Museum of Natural History at vmnh.net. Dr. Pritchard has also co-produced the paleontology podcast series Past Time, available at www.pasttime.org.

  • Gabriel-Philip Santos, M.S. (/u/vertpaleoama) is a paleontologist and educator at the Raymond M. Alf Museum of Paleontology in Los Angeles, California. His previous work focused on the paleontology of Southern California, particularly the evolution of marine mammals. Today, his research has shifted to education and DEI in STEM as a National Geographic certified educator and cofounder of the Cosplay for Science Initiative. You can find him online as @paleoparadox.

  • Karie Whitman, M.S. (/u/vertpaleoama) is a fossil preparator and research technician at the Duke Lemur Center's Division of Fossil Primates. She carefully uncovers fossils from the rock they are encased in, makes them sturdier, and puts broken pieces back together. She can also make realistic copies of fossils for museum display. Find her on Twitter @whitmankl.

We will be back to answer questions starting around noon (Eastern Time/4PM UTC) to answer your questions. See you soon!

submitted by /u/VertPaleoAMA
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Do microwaves destroy nutrients in ways that stoves or ovens do not?

Posted: 14 Oct 2020 03:35 AM PDT

Setting aside any conspiracy theory, I was looking for scientific evidence (with citations if possible) that support or debunk the claim that microwaves destroy nutrients, or are otherwise less healthy, than heating (or reheating) food on a stove or in an oven.

(No, this isn't some homework assignment I've been given - look at my post/comment history and you'll see I'm a 39yo dude who's not in college :)

Thanks!

submitted by /u/agent_uno
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Why is heat emitted as infrared?

Posted: 14 Oct 2020 03:25 AM PDT

I understand all objects above 0 Kelvin emit thermal energy in the form of infrared but why is it that specific part of the spectrum and not radio waves or visible light for example?

submitted by /u/Chicken_Dimmer
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Why is there no cure for the influenza virus yet? Is it because it's too difficult or is it because there is no funding (not important enough)?

Posted: 14 Oct 2020 08:45 AM PDT

Ask Anything Wednesday - Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Posted: 14 Oct 2020 08:08 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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How does heat cause the breaking of covalent bonds in thermal cracking?

Posted: 14 Oct 2020 07:27 AM PDT

How did birds develop wings?

Posted: 13 Oct 2020 09:47 AM PDT

I understand gradual evolution like a species of rabbit becoming faster over time, or small mammals increasing in size to become grazing herbivores like cows because the incremental changes grant advantages. A rabbit that is slightly faster than another will have a higher chance of reproduction, but wings are essentially useless until they reach a point where they allow for flight. It's not like a land animal that has half a wing will have any advantage over one that has none. Did a mutation occur where an animal had functional wings after one generation? My question isn't specific to wings but it was the most obvious example I could think of.

submitted by /u/asabasa
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What deadly viruses could we feasibly eradicate in the future - which ones will probably always be around?

Posted: 13 Oct 2020 01:33 PM PDT

Do viruses develop unique DNA or RNA based on their host?

Posted: 13 Oct 2020 05:46 PM PDT

That is, if I get a virus, and you get a virus, and then person 3 and person 4 get that virus from one of us, is it possible to know, via DNA/RNA, which one of us gave the virus to 3 or 4? Put another way, once Bob gets a virus, is it possible to trace that virus back to Bob via DNA or RNA? Or are any mutations just random, so you can identify virus variant 1 and virus variant 2, but you can't trace them back to an individual? (The idea of a "Bob-flavored" virus is gross but kind of what I'm asking.)

submitted by /u/thunderbumble
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Are temperature screenings an effective method of detecting COVID-19 in public places?

Posted: 13 Oct 2020 08:13 AM PDT

When you boil a pot of water, bubbles form, how do the bubbles form, where do they come from, and what gas are they?

Posted: 13 Oct 2020 07:22 AM PDT

Is fat that is created in the human body from protein put in a higher tier for use as compared to fat from carbs or sugar ?

Posted: 12 Oct 2020 03:31 PM PDT

Tuesday, October 13, 2020

AskScience AMA Series: We are scientists on the OSIRIS-REx mission, NASA's first mission to collect a pristine sample of an asteroid to return to Earth for future study. The first sample collection attempt is October 20. Ask us anything!

AskScience AMA Series: We are scientists on the OSIRIS-REx mission, NASA's first mission to collect a pristine sample of an asteroid to return to Earth for future study. The first sample collection attempt is October 20. Ask us anything!


AskScience AMA Series: We are scientists on the OSIRIS-REx mission, NASA's first mission to collect a pristine sample of an asteroid to return to Earth for future study. The first sample collection attempt is October 20. Ask us anything!

Posted: 13 Oct 2020 04:00 AM PDT

If you are traveling over 200 million miles to snag a sample of an asteroid, you want to make sure it's worth it. The following scientists are part of the OSIRIS-REx mission - NASA's first mission to collect a sample of an asteroid and return it to Earth. They have just published a collection of papers that confirm that asteroid Bennu - the target of OSIRIS-REx - is an ideal candidate to reveal clues about the origins of life in our solar system. These discoveries complete the OSIRIS-REx mission's pre-sample collection science requirements and offer insight into the sample of Bennu that scientists will study for generations to come.

The discoveries tell us that Bennu:

  • Contains carbon-bearing, organic materials
  • Likely used to interact with water
  • Has a type of porous rock that would offer a new, unique perspective to our meteorite collections on Earth
  • Is made up of an interior not uniform in density
  • Contains ridge-like mounds that stretch from pole to pole and has differently shaped hemispheres
  • Has areas, including our sample site, that have not been exposed to a lot of space weathering

Read the press release on these discoveries: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2002/osiris-rex-unlocks-more-secrets-from-asteroid-bennu

Participants:

  • Michael Daly - York University/Canadian Space Agency
  • Daniella DellaGiustina - Image Processing Lead Scientist, University of Arizona
  • Jason Dworkin - Project Scientist for the OSIRIS-REx Mission, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
  • Hannah Kaplan - Research Space Scientist, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
  • Jay McMahon - University of Colorado Boulder
  • Benjamin Rozitis - The Open University, UK
  • Amy Simon - Planetary Scientist, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Ask us about what we've already learned from Bennu and what we can learn from a sample of this asteroid! We'll be answering questions from 2 - 3pm ET (18 - 19 UT), ask us anything!.

Proof: https://twitter.com/NASASolarSystem/status/1314594121068113920

Username: /u/nasa

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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In Special Relativity if an object has no mass then it is predisposed to travel at c. Why is that? Or is it an assumption?

Posted: 13 Oct 2020 04:52 AM PDT

I don't know if no mass requires an object to travel at the speed of light is an assumption built into SR or if it is derived from other basic principles. If it's derived, what from? (Don't be afraid to use some maths.)

submitted by /u/the6thReplicant
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Is the coranavirus actually red? The stylized pictures I see of it always show it as red, do viruses have colors if you look at them under a microscope?

Posted: 12 Oct 2020 01:43 PM PDT

When we say the Earth is 4.6 billion years old, does that mean it has circled the sun 4.6 billion times or that it is 4.6 billion years as measured in 2020 time old?

Posted: 12 Oct 2020 06:28 PM PDT

Same thing with carbon dating. Is our unit of measurement fixed to the length of a year today? Or as you count back and the earth's revolution around the sun takes more time does the unit change?

submitted by /u/Foxcecil
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How did Chinese officials know to look for a novel virus in the early days of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak?

Posted: 12 Oct 2020 06:09 PM PDT

What triggered the search to determine the specific virus? Is there some sort of protocol in place that catches these things? Maybe I'm naive, but I'm impressed with how quickly China was able to determine it was a new virus given how common and broad the symptoms are.

submitted by /u/re-redditin
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How do we know that mass extinctions happened in the past ?

Posted: 12 Oct 2020 05:00 PM PDT

How can we know that ? or even know how many extinctions happened ?

submitted by /u/Mars-Goliath
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Why is it that only some viruses are airborne, if every cough or sneeze has very small droplets?

Posted: 12 Oct 2020 02:15 PM PDT

Is dark matter predicted to radiate when falling into a black hole?

Posted: 12 Oct 2020 08:56 AM PDT

When and how did people realize that there is no land under the Arctic ice cap and that there is land in Antarctica?

Posted: 12 Oct 2020 08:34 AM PDT

As far as I understand (I could be wrong), the first Antarctic expeditions (Cook, Lazarev/Bellingshausen, Bransfield, Palmer) didn't reach anything not made of ice. The same, obviously, applies to the Arctic expeditions.

submitted by /u/avolodin
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Where is the mass of plants coming from?

Posted: 12 Oct 2020 06:04 AM PDT

I find it very disconcerting that as my plants grow, the soil level in the pots stays the same. Where is the bulk of mass coming from then?

Intuitively I can't believe that the carbon captured from the air can account for all that mass.

submitted by /u/me-gustan-los-trenes
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Monday, October 12, 2020

Do we know that covid won't be like HIV and kill its victims 10 years from now?

Do we know that covid won't be like HIV and kill its victims 10 years from now?


Do we know that covid won't be like HIV and kill its victims 10 years from now?

Posted: 12 Oct 2020 04:09 AM PDT

Is there any evidence for or against the idea that Covid could be like HIV, and silently hide in its victims for many years and then kill them? Are we going to have a whole generation of people dying 10 or more years from now who had covid?

The thought is terrifying, as it's a new virus.

submitted by /u/FeelThePower999
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Why does gene damage & mutation eventually end up with cancerous cells but not with something else?

Posted: 12 Oct 2020 02:25 AM PDT

For example why doesn't it end up with absurd but harmless features? Like, say, you have serious gene damage & mutation in the cells of your breast. Why do those cells become rapidly growing & reproducing cells, instead of, idk, growing weird red hairs on your breast? It might sound dumb and sci-fi but I hope you get the point.

submitted by /u/beersty99
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How did Pauli know the neutrino was nearly massless?

Posted: 12 Oct 2020 01:54 AM PDT

In the letter that Pauli wrote where he first suggested the existence of the neutrino, he lists the conditions that the particle should be electrically neutral, spin 1/2 and very light (he specifically says similar to the mass of the electron) I understand why he knew it should be electrically neutral and spin 1/2, but how did he know that it should be very light?

submitted by /u/The_strangest_quark
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Since sun’s gravity is stronger than earth’s. Why does the moon rotate around earth not the sun?

Posted: 11 Oct 2020 10:30 PM PDT

I know that it does that because it's closer to earth. However, I feel like I need more details to comprehend.

submitted by /u/Jue-Viol-Grace
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How do scientists measure the drainage basin of a river?

Posted: 11 Oct 2020 11:48 AM PDT

I read a comment on here saying that most of the continental US drains into the Mississippi River. What sources of water are they measuring, and how do they calculate the total land area that's feeding into a given river?

submitted by /u/arizona_greentea
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What's the relative speed of ribosome with respect to coronavirus RNA (within host cell)?

Posted: 12 Oct 2020 12:42 AM PDT

Also, I should be grateful if someone tell me whether the copying phenomenon is done in a unique way, or it may has error/s and results in different production of virus RNA.

submitted by /u/UseAirName
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How common is cancer of all kinds among tobacco smokers?

Posted: 11 Oct 2020 06:04 PM PDT

Im curious about overall likelihood of cancers in general from related ones (lung, esophagus, tongue) to rare (pancreas, bladder, stomach, etc).

submitted by /u/Chiquye
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How long to cultivars live? I am asking about ancient fruit varieties. Say I find an old apple tree, get young scion wood and graft it to healthy new rootstock. It's genetics are 100+ year old. Is this new scion approaching senescence?

Posted: 11 Oct 2020 07:23 PM PDT

Why will cocoa powder only mix with warm/hot water but won't with cold water?

Posted: 11 Oct 2020 06:52 PM PDT

So I noticed when mixing cocoa powder with water than when I pour cold water into the powder it really resist mixing up properly and it leaves a lot of cocoa powder dross on top even after lots of stirring. But when I pour warm/hot water it mixes up with little to know stirring.

I suppose this is a food science question so I will tag it chemistry without that as an option.

submitted by /u/pancakelife
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If you receive antibody treatment for covid-19, does your body produce fewer of its own antibodies, leaving you more vulnerable to re-infection afterwards?

Posted: 11 Oct 2020 08:05 AM PDT

In general relativity, why do objects with different velocities have different trajectories?

Posted: 11 Oct 2020 09:01 PM PDT

The theory of general relativity says gravity is not a force, but a curvature in spacetime. When you throw a ball, the ball falls down to the ground not because the Earth is pulling the ball down, but the ball is following a straight line in a space distorted by the mass of the Earth.

When I picture this in my mind, I think two balls thrown from the same point in space with different velocities should follow the same trajectory, and the only difference should be faster ball hitting the ground faster. Of course this is not true in real life.

Can someone please point out what's wrong with my mental model?

submitted by /u/kimhyunkang
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Do we understand exactly how smoking cigarettes causes cancer or is it based on very strong demographics evidence?

Posted: 12 Oct 2020 12:17 AM PDT

Can your saliva break down anything if given long enough?

Posted: 11 Oct 2020 07:21 PM PDT

For example, if you suck on your thumb forever, will the enzymes eventually break down your thumb?

submitted by /u/Amphestep
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How do we detect covid ?

Posted: 11 Oct 2020 08:47 AM PDT

Hi, so I don't know, and I'd like to, how do we detect a positive to covid person ? What are we looking for during the test, the virus itself, or a reaction from the body ?

submitted by /u/Juliette-Eih
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What are pimples and why do we get them?

Posted: 11 Oct 2020 08:09 AM PDT

What are pimples, why do we get them, and why do some people get extreme amounts while others seemingly get nothing?

submitted by /u/FragmentedPhoenix
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Why isn't starch sweet like simple sugars?

Posted: 10 Oct 2020 07:17 PM PDT