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Sunday, September 27, 2020

[Medicine] What is special about peanuts that make some people extremely allergic to them?

[Medicine] What is special about peanuts that make some people extremely allergic to them?


[Medicine] What is special about peanuts that make some people extremely allergic to them?

Posted: 26 Sep 2020 05:48 PM PDT

Why are some people allergic to peanuts in particular? Why is ingesting a peanut to these people akin to ingesting poison to others?

submitted by /u/Kwpthrowaway
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Why is so much focused placed on a COVID-19 vaccine, rather than an effective treatment?

Posted: 26 Sep 2020 03:51 PM PDT

At least in my country, sufficient numbers of people are so likely to refuse any vaccine that I can't see how it would actually be effective. So I wonder if anyone can tell me about the state of treatment research, and whether anti-virals are even an option with COVID-19 or whether the focus of treatment has been mainly on fixing the symptoms, not eliminating the virus itself.

Thank you in advance!

submitted by /u/LiberaceRingfingaz
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If Mt Everest's peak is the highest point above sea level and Mt Chimborazo's peak is the fartherest from the Earth's centre, which has the thinnest atmosphere?

Posted: 27 Sep 2020 01:22 AM PDT

Mount Chimborazo's peak is 2km farther away from the Earth's core than Mount Everest, but Mount Everest's peak is the highest above sea level.

Which peak has the thinnest atmosphere?

submitted by /u/jla-
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Does an electron travelling through a vacuum has also an electromagnetic field?

Posted: 26 Sep 2020 10:42 PM PDT

Does that electron the faster it moves (vacuum) has a stronger field?

submitted by /u/-Stressless
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How can solid or gaseous elements by themselves become electron donors? Can shining light on the element or any other feasible process actually work? Can we bypass the electron affinity energy requirement and have the electrons donated?

Posted: 26 Sep 2020 10:21 PM PDT

I have read that an element can produce electrons and donate them if there is a bright light shined on it. Are there other ways to execute this? Could this apply to elements that are not typically donors like noble gases, silicon, etc?

submitted by /u/wheniwalkthunder
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If someone with covid donates blood, could the virus spread through their donation to other people?

Posted: 26 Sep 2020 11:21 PM PDT

What percentage of the current population is likely to be living with COVID-19 immunity after suffering it? How long would herd immunity take to reach?

Posted: 27 Sep 2020 06:19 AM PDT

Are there any data on what percentage the current population have had COVID-19 and are currently living with antibodies to protect against future attacks?

Is it anywhere close to what's necessary for herd immunity? If the spread can be contained so medical centres don't collapse under the pressure, assuming no valid vaccine is found, how long would herd immunity take to achieve?

submitted by /u/sc3nner
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The Grandparent Conundrum - Why does the math suggest that our population would have to be impossibly large for each of us to exist today?

Posted: 26 Sep 2020 10:36 AM PDT

I've recently stumbled into an area of mathematics and ancestry that doesn't sync well with the knowledge that humans have been around for approximately 1M+ years and that our population level has only recently begun to spike. I'm hoping the community can help me reconcile this all.

The problem stems from the number of people who are required to bring about the next, subsequent generation. When considering what it took to bring me into existence, the numbers become impossibly large.

Example: For both my parents to exist, they each needed two sets of parents (4 people, my grandparents), and likewise for their parents to exist they would need 4 sets of parents (8 people, my great grandparents).

There is a doubling effect for each generation, expressed as 2X where "x" is the number of generations away from myself.

I've recently been researching my ancestry and realized that at least one branch of my tree can be traced back 15 generations. What I realized is that by the 15th generation, it would've taken 32,768 great15 grandparents to make the 16,384 children who would become my great14 grandparents. From there, 16,384 would bear 8,192 children and so forth all the way to my parents 21. That's a grand total of 65,532 grandparents over the course of 15 generations that were needed in order to produce the 2 parents necessary for me to come into existence.

That's obviously a lot of people and in a relatively short amount of time. If I make a rough estimate that each generation is separated by 25 years, then that means 15 generations ago was the late 1500s, which also lines up very well with the date of birth listed for my great15 grandfather in 1577. So, the estimated separation of 25 years is a reasonable approximation.

Now, what happens if we go back 30 generations? The math becomes impossibly large. 230 = 1,073,741,824, which means that I have this many great30 grandparents, and applying the same approximation as above, this puts us right around Viking times in the year 1200. And I don't believe the world population was even that high in this era. It was estimated to be less than 400M according to this.

Even more so, going back just 6 generations further, at generation 36 (approximately the year 1100), the number of grandparents at this generation and totaled with all grandparents of every generation subsequent to them brings the total number of people who are needed to create me to 137,438,953,470. This is larger than the estimated number of people who have ever lived on Earth.

So, please help. Where does this model break down? Obviously, there has not been this many people that existed in the last 1000 years, but I can't see how to reconcile this with the knowledge of a (seemingly unbreakable) constant that 2 parents much come before 1 child, always.

submitted by /u/domaniac321
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What degree of human interpretation is required for COVID-19 PCR test diagnosis?

Posted: 26 Sep 2020 12:27 PM PDT

I guess the same might apply to other PCR tests (like STD tests and such).

I know that they involve some kind of DNA isolation, replication and identification. I was wondering what degree of human interpretation is required to get to a positive or negative diagnosis.

Is there a machine that just outputs the definitive, final result? Or is there a final step where a human needs to read some kind of output and make a determination out of it, perhaps with some kind of threshold? Or is it somewhere in between?

submitted by /u/TheKarmoCR
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How does alcohol and other drugs damage the liver?

Posted: 26 Sep 2020 03:31 PM PDT

Background: based on my admitadlly shallow knowledge of the human body; the liver processes harmful substances like alcohol and other drugs. Long term abuse of drugs like alcohol can lead to permanent liver damage like cirrhosis.

My question is do we know how the damage process works? Is it like a preset volume of toxic substances before it stops working? For example 10000 beers before there liver goes, or is it based on other factors?

submitted by /u/House_Archer
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How do researchers interface with quantum computers?

Posted: 26 Sep 2020 09:03 AM PDT

Given that quantum computers are still in the experimental phase, and there is no off-the-shelf hardware or peripherals to control and interface with them (I'm assuming), how do researchers working with them send commands and receive feedback? I'm guessing there's no monitor or GUI displaying data, or any plug & play peripherals.

submitted by /u/Icarus367
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I suspect this idea may have catastrophic secondary consequences, but could a deperate measure to reverse global warming potentially be to slowly seed and manage our atmosphere with something very reflective to reduce UV penetration that offsets the warming?

Posted: 26 Sep 2020 08:34 AM PDT

how are bacteria weakened for vaccines?

Posted: 26 Sep 2020 12:08 PM PDT

How much biomass is there at the end of extraction events?

Posted: 26 Sep 2020 10:32 AM PDT

There was an article recently about the weight of biomass on the planet being half of what it was pre industrial revolution. Is there research on how much biomass there is before, during, near the end, and after the previous mass extinction events? Did the few surviving species make up for the loss in biomass of the recently extinct species or was in vastly smaller until new species evolved into the new niches?

submitted by /u/Boriss_13th_Child
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How Many Pions Are There Inside a Boron Nucleus?

Posted: 26 Sep 2020 09:22 AM PDT

Hi, I'm trying to 3D model (in Blender) a boron atom (a boron trifluoride molecule actually) from quarks and gluons all the way up to valence electrons. I know there are 5 protons and 5 neutrons in boron's nucleus and I know that an exchange of pions between these hadrons keeps the protons from repelling each other electromagnetically. I understand that each proton is two up quarks and a down, each neutron is two downs and an up, and that each pion is an up and an anti-down. All I need to know is how to determine the number of pions inside the nucleus, holding the hadrons together. Is it the same as the atomic number? Twice the atomic number? One single pion per nucleus? I have no idea. Same for fluorine while we're at it. Please and thank you.

submitted by /u/ManWithDickForPenis
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The Earth was very warm millions of years ago, can't we adapt if global warming becomes out of control?

Posted: 26 Sep 2020 07:21 AM PDT

Disclaimer: I'm a very pro-environment and we should do our best against the CO2 emissions.But I saw on "Paleoclimate" wikipedia page this graphic showing the average world temperature since the cambrian https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoclimatology#/media/File:All_palaeotemps.svgWe can see that between 50 to 10 millions of years ago the Earth was VERY warm much more than the 2 degrees that alarm scientists today, and we can also see that the hot times were the majority and the cold times the exception. That made me think, is the global warming that much of a problem? We could live in a world as hot as it was 20 millions of years ago, or not? If not, why not? How the Earth was back then? It was too different?

submitted by /u/raicorreia
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Saturday, September 26, 2020

The oxygen level rise to 30% in the carboniferous period and is now 21%. What happened to the extra oxygen?

The oxygen level rise to 30% in the carboniferous period and is now 21%. What happened to the extra oxygen?


The oxygen level rise to 30% in the carboniferous period and is now 21%. What happened to the extra oxygen?

Posted: 26 Sep 2020 03:55 AM PDT

What happened to the oxygen in the atmosphere after the carboniferous period to make it go down to 21%, specifically where did the extra oxygen go?

submitted by /u/rob2508
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Is there a difference between weapons grade uranium and "normal"(?)uranium?

Posted: 26 Sep 2020 06:24 AM PDT

I've heard the term weapons grade a lot but I don't know how uranium could differ, other than potential isotopes? Are there different types of uranium? Different concentrations?

submitted by /u/Rango_Fett
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If you take an even number of fermions with 1/2 spin and bind them then the spin is now an integer and now a boson. Bosons do not follow Pauli's exclusion principle but fermions do, but now that the 2 fermions behave like a boson would they follow the principle or not?

Posted: 25 Sep 2020 06:57 PM PDT

Im gonna be honest, I'm not the smartest. Just a young high schooler that is curious with the world of science. A VERY long train of thought led me to fermions and bosons and now I ask this question which much curiosity. If I said something wrong or phrased something wrong please correct me. Thank you in advance!

submitted by /u/semechkislav
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Do we find fossils with bone cancer?

Posted: 25 Sep 2020 08:08 PM PDT

Why does the flu shot cause soreness at the injection site?

Posted: 25 Sep 2020 11:02 AM PDT

I got my flu shot the day before yesterday and my arm is still rather sore. I haven't gotten a non-vaccine shot in a very long time. Do all shots do this?

submitted by /u/surprisesugarfree
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Is it easier to make a vaccine for a bacteria or a virus?

Posted: 26 Sep 2020 06:31 AM PDT

I would figure bacterial vaccines would be easier because bacteria are larger and can weaken or kill them easier. But I am not sure.

submitted by /u/Just36words
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Are dogs better than a machine at detecting covid-19?

Posted: 25 Sep 2020 07:01 PM PDT

I recently saw a couple news article that report pilot runs of using dogs to screen for covid-19 in airports or other areas where humans will be in close contact. At first I thought that sounded kind of cool, using search and rescue or explosive detecting dogs to screen for other things they can smell sounds neat. But unlike search and rescue and explosive detection, the detection of covid-19 is directed. Dogs are good at search and rescue because they can smell low concentrations of volatile agents and hone in on where they are coming from and can also quickly rule out one large area or another. Basically they are really good at knowing where to look. In the case of covid-19 the articles suggest that people provide a sample that the dog smells and issues a verdict, flagging it for further testing or not. But in order to train those dogs we must know what scent or groups of scents they are targeting. Can't we just sample the air and just as quickly test for the agent in question? Machines require no 2-6 week training period like a dog that already has thousands of dollars in training so it seems that a quick air sample would be better. Or am I missing something?

submitted by /u/crookedkr
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Would creating a chain of satellites between Earth and Mars decrease the time it takes to communicate?

Posted: 25 Sep 2020 09:25 AM PDT

How many photons does it take to make up a 'bit' in a fiber optic network?

Posted: 25 Sep 2020 12:44 PM PDT

In a fiber optic network, 1s and 0s are represented by light or no light (simplistic view I know). My question is, how many photons does it take for the optic to sense a "1"? I'm thinking that link speed matters so lets say on a 100G link for easy math.

submitted by /u/AlmostBeef
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Friday, September 25, 2020

Do COVID tests actually take 24 hours to process or are facilities just swamped?

Do COVID tests actually take 24 hours to process or are facilities just swamped?


Do COVID tests actually take 24 hours to process or are facilities just swamped?

Posted: 24 Sep 2020 01:54 PM PDT

I had a COVID test done the other day and they told me the results could take 24-48 hours. Does the actual test take 24 hours to process or are the testing facilities/labs just really busy? How long does it actually take from the moment they begin testing the sample to when the lab knows whether or not the sample is negative/positive? I'm specifically curious about nasal swabs. If the actual test in the lab takes 24 hours, why is that? Does something in the test need to be cultivated for that long?

Edit: thank you for all the great in-depth responses and for all of the hard work from our lab techs/professionals! It's very humbling to hear from so many different sides of the process. :)

submitted by /u/alexnpark
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Can you create DNA in a lab?

Posted: 25 Sep 2020 02:17 AM PDT

With companies such as 23andMe mapping your genes, could someone take that raw data and artificially recreate your dna?

What would be the implications of such a thing?

submitted by /u/KirasStar
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How many bits of data can a neuron or synapse hold?

Posted: 25 Sep 2020 06:35 AM PDT

What's the per-neuron or per-synapse data / memory storage capacity of the human brain (on average)?

I was reading the Wikipedia article on animals by number of neurons. It lists humans as having 86 billion neurons and 150 trillion synapses.

If you can store 1 bit per synapse, that's only 150 terabits, or 18.75 Terabytes. That's not a lot.

I also was reading about Hyperthymesia, a condition where people can remember massive amounts of information. Then, there's individuals with developmental disability like Kim Peek who can read a book, and remember everything he read.

How is this possible? Even with an extremely efficient data compression algorithm, there's a limit to how much you can compress data. How much data is really stored per synapse (or per neuron)?

submitted by /u/arjungmenon
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Why does having a BMI of 40 or over make you eligible for a free flu vaccine (UK)? Is flu more dangerous for obese people?

Posted: 24 Sep 2020 09:41 PM PDT

How do dolphins leap so high out of the water?

Posted: 25 Sep 2020 04:52 AM PDT

They seem extremely capable of jumping great heights too, almost as if there is some evolutionary purpose.

As a bonus question if I may, WHY do they jump out of the water?

submitted by /u/FrozenFlame_
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Why are most beaches sandy?

Posted: 24 Sep 2020 05:38 PM PDT

Let me rephrase it a little better by saying that why are most beaches sandy while some or not. Why is sand the only deposit from the oceans or seas. Should it not be an ever expanding process then? Do sandy beaches also keep expanding like the desert sand does?

submitted by /u/Johnthebabayagawick
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How is the Clever Hans effect accounted for in animal language experiments?

Posted: 25 Sep 2020 04:15 AM PDT

Specifically, I mean projects like Alex the parrot) or various ape language studies. Given the circumstances of those experiments, I would expect that to be a big concern but I've never been able to find any details.

submitted by /u/MemeManagement
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Is it possible to sample COVID-19 or markers from human waste?

Posted: 24 Sep 2020 09:15 AM PDT

Is it possible to sample covid-19 from Human waste

A lot of crazy and less crazy ideas have been tested in the search for a sustainable way to track and sample COVID-19, lately in Denmark COVID-19 tracking dogs have been suggested.

But I have yet to see a solution to sample, measure or track COVID through the sewer system, has it been tested , is it possible and if so what are the problems with upscaling it?

submitted by /u/nicolaizoffmann
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How did salt help preserve meat in the middle ages? And assuming it was a huge amount needed for it not to rot, how was it consumable afterwards?

Posted: 24 Sep 2020 07:12 AM PDT

Title. What exactly did salt do?

submitted by /u/RRPG03
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Why is blood group O considered the universal donor if it has antibodies that can agglutinate with antigens found in other blood groups?

Posted: 24 Sep 2020 06:52 AM PDT

Thursday, September 24, 2020

What organ warms the body? Or just what in general?

What organ warms the body? Or just what in general?


What organ warms the body? Or just what in general?

Posted: 23 Sep 2020 07:35 PM PDT

Up to how many earth years can you theoretically skip through time dilation or other phenomena?

Posted: 24 Sep 2020 03:54 AM PDT

what is the maximum number of years you could skip through current known physics like wormholes etc, a million a century ?

submitted by /u/CCP_agent
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Has the common cold always been common?

Posted: 23 Sep 2020 09:14 PM PDT

Was there a time when getting a cold was a rare disease?

submitted by /u/paul_mccharmley
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How common are petrochemical deposits on other planets?

Posted: 23 Sep 2020 08:35 PM PDT

Does temperature have an effect on radioactivity?

Posted: 23 Sep 2020 10:56 AM PDT

e.g., would nuclear waste stored in, say, Antarctica be less dangerous (give off less radiation) than in a scorching desert? (Not that I'm trying to give anyone ideas ;) )

submitted by /u/BraddlesMcBraddles
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Does marine life affect the cryosphere and/or the lithosphere?

Posted: 23 Sep 2020 10:40 AM PDT

I was talking with a friend about the spheres of the earth (don't know how we got there) and now I'm wondering if marine life is affecting the lithospere or the cryosphere because I feel like it does but I can't give any examples. Please help me out so I can sleep well.

submitted by /u/Bamcake
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Can insects “heal” from injury like animals do?

Posted: 22 Sep 2020 11:22 PM PDT

If I try to smush a spider, and mostly miss but still manage to cause a little bit of damage, will the spider be able to heal from said damage? (I'm being ambiguous about what the damage is... I didn't want to restrict what the answers might be!)

submitted by /u/redfieldsratio
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Do bald men have high rates of skin cancer on their head?

Posted: 22 Sep 2020 09:54 PM PDT

How are organs sterilised before surgery/transplantation?

Posted: 23 Sep 2020 12:28 AM PDT

Wednesday, September 23, 2020

How does the Higgs Boson and top quark mass help us infer the stability/metastability of the universe?

How does the Higgs Boson and top quark mass help us infer the stability/metastability of the universe?


How does the Higgs Boson and top quark mass help us infer the stability/metastability of the universe?

Posted: 22 Sep 2020 05:00 PM PDT

I'm just an aficionado so try to keep it dumbed down please!

All articles I've seen state that the mass of the Higgs and the top quark seem to be on the limit between stability and metastability, although it still hasn't been confirmed. My question is not regarding in which state the universe is but why does this measurements relate to it. Why does it mean than if the masses of these particles was different then the universe will be in another estate of stability/instability/metaestability/non-perturbability?

In short, where do the regions of this chart come from and why are they there?

Also, what does the non-perturbability region mean?

Thanks!

EDIT: I see lots of shadow banned people here.

submitted by /u/Maezel
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What propels vomit out of your stomach?

Posted: 23 Sep 2020 05:27 AM PDT

AskScience AMA Series: We're excited to bring you industry experts from the official Peer Review Week 2020 Panel. Join our experts who will be answering all your questions around the theme 'Trust in Peer Review'. Ask us anything! All welcome.

Posted: 23 Sep 2020 04:00 AM PDT

Join our expert panel to discuss this year's #PeerRevWeek20 theme #TrustInPeerReview.

Peer Review Week (PRW) committee is hosting two live sessions on 24th September 2020 to enable our community all over the world to join a session in your timezone and interact with industry experts. Simply reply to this post with your peer review questions following the theme of #TrustInPeerReview before or during the event and we'll answer them live, giving you a diverse range of answers.

LIVE Thursday 24 September 2020

Session 1

Asia Pacific, Middle East, India, Australia, New Zealand time zones - 6am-8am BST/ 10.30am-12.30pm IST/1pm-3pm CST/3pm-5pm AEST/5pm-7pm NZST

Lou Peck (host), Eleanor Colla, Gareth Dyke, Tamika Heiden, Bahar Mehmani

Session 2

Europe and US/Canada time zones - 9am-11am EDT/2pm-4pm BST

Lou Peck (host), Anupama Kapadia, Joris Van Rossum, Michael Willis

Panellist biographies

  • Host - Lou Peck, Founder and Managing Director of The International Bunch
    • Lou Peck has been in the academic publishing industry for 19 years working for organizations such as British Standards Institution, ProQuest, Royal Society of Chemistry, EBL - Ebook Library and Kudos. Since 2016, Lou has been consulting for libraries, publishers and intermediaries when in 2019 she grew her one-man-band consultancy into a specialist marketing and publishing consultancy with a team that spans the globe. Lou has been involved with peer review over the past few years and is this year co-chairing Peer Review Week 2020 with Phil Hurst from the Royal Society. She volunteers time as Vice Chair of CILIP Cymru Wales Committee, Vice Chair of ALPSP Membership and Marketing Committee and a Business Wales mentor. (https://www.reddit.com/user/LouPeckOfficial)
  • Panellist - Eleanor Colla, Research Relationships Manager | Researcher Services Librarian at University of New England
    • Eleanor Colla is the Research Relationships Manager at the University of New England, New South Wales, Australia. In her role, she works closely with the Research Office, Faculties, and librarians to advocate on a number of topics including open scholarship, strategic publishing practices, and ethical use of metrics, as well as implement and improve institution-wide research output, assessment, and reporting. Eleanor also has experience with supporting academics and post-graduate students with their research at any point of need within the research lifecycle. (https://www.reddit.com/user/ecolla)
  • Panellist - Gareth Dyke, Researcher, Author and Head of Training at TopEdit
    • Gareth Dyke is a writer, palaeontologist, researcher, and educator with deep experience at the interface between publishing and academia. He is Head of Training at TopEdit, an international English editing and author services provider. He has authored ca. 280 articles in peer reviewed journals over the last 20 years (including in Nature and Science). He helps authors write, communicate, and publish research effectively in English and has well-developed networks most notably in China and Central Asia (Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan). Extensive experience creating, growing, and managing high impact academic journals working with Taylor & Francis and Eurasia Academic Publishing. (https://www.reddit.com/user/garethdyke)
  • Panellist - Anupama Kapadia, Business Head, Publication Support at Enago
    • Anupama Kapadia has over 11 years of industry experience in various scholarly publishing functions. She has successfully led and supported several organizational initiatives. She is currently investing her time in journal production workflows and metrics related to scholarly publication. (https://www.reddit.com/user/anupama_kapadia)
  • Panellist - Tamika Heiden, Principal at Research Impact Academy and Adjunct Research Fellow at The University of Western Australia
    • Tamika Heiden has a background of research experience and training in knowledge translation. She helps researchers access research funding through a program of innovative workshops, consulting, membership, coaching in knowledge translation, and linking researchers to end-users to ensure research impact. Tamika works with researchers and research organizations to create opportunities for research translation and impact so they can get their greatest work into the world. (https://www.reddit.com/user/impactacademy)
  • Panellist - Bahar Mehmani, Reviewer Experience Lead at RELX Group
    • Bahar Mehmani is an experienced researcher with in-depth knowledge in the peer review process. She is Reviewer Experience Lead in the Global STM journals at Elsevier. She works on several peer review initiatives and projects, all of which are designed to recognize reviewers' contribution to the progress of science. Bahar is Co-chair of Peer Review Week 2020 Events and International Outreach Sub-committee, Vice-chair of the Peer Review Committee and Council Member of the European Association of Science Editors (EASE). She received her PhD in Theoretical Physics from the University of Amsterdam (UvA) in 2010. Before joining Elsevier, she was a postdoc researcher at Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light (MPL). (https://www.reddit.com/user/bmehmani)
  • Panellist - Joris Van Rossum, Director at The International Association of STM Publishers
    • Joris Van Rossum is a publishing executive and consultant with broad industry knowledge. He currently leads two projects at STM, the Research Data Year, and creating Standard Taxonomy for Peer Review. Joris worked at Elsevier for almost 15 years, where his last role was sr. director of Publishing Innovation, and has been active as an entrepreneur and consultant. (https://www.reddit.com/user/Joris_Rossum)
  • Panellist - Michael Willis, Senior Manager, Research Advocate at John Wiley & Sons
    • Michael Willis is experienced in editorial and peer review management for academic journals across many disciplines. Michael is supporting and being the voice for researchers in the publishing process, including editors, authors and peer reviewers. (https://www.reddit.com/user/CTYerkes)

What is Peer Review Week?

Peer Review Week (PRW) is an annual weekly celebration of all things 'peer review', covering a specific theme which changes every year. The voluntary Steering Committee is open to anyone involved or interested in peer review from publishers, service providers, libraries, to peer reviewers, and the research and author community. It provides a platform for us all to come together with the common goal of celebrating peer review including the good, the bad and the ugly! (https://peerreviewweek.wordpress.com/get-involved/)

We'll also check back and answer any additional questions that come in. Lou will be online throughout the day and running both PRW sessions.

Make sure you add your questions below!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 23 Sep 2020 08:08 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

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Why can't you see your own eyes move in a mirror?

Posted: 22 Sep 2020 10:00 AM PDT

Why doesn't the immune system reject donated blood if they have different DNA but same blood type?

Posted: 23 Sep 2020 02:40 AM PDT

I do know that there's a term of transplant rejection but why doesn't it apply to blood as well when they have the same blood type?

submitted by /u/NomadicEngi
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Do the flu or any other common diseases ever have long-term complications like what we’re seeing from COVID-19?

Posted: 23 Sep 2020 02:29 AM PDT

I keep on seeing articles about the potential long term effects of COVID-19, ranging from organ damage to neurological conditions. I was wondering if any other common illnesses have comparable long-term effects.

submitted by /u/sunbearimon
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Do conjoined twins' immune systems attack each other? What about chimeric twins?

Posted: 22 Sep 2020 10:40 PM PDT

I know that when blood transfusions and transplants are done, incompatible immune systems can be a huge problem. So how does that work when they're two connected bodies?

submitted by /u/ToiletSpeckles
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Why fever is the most common symptom in infectious diseases?

Posted: 22 Sep 2020 08:04 PM PDT

Are some infinities really bigger than other infinities?

Posted: 23 Sep 2020 07:32 AM PDT

I am really bad at both math and science and therefore have trouble understanding the idea of some infinities being bigger than other infinities.

"There are infinite numbers between 0 and 1. There's .1 and .12 and .112 and an infinite collection of others. Of course, there is a bigger infinite set of numbers between 0 and 2, or between 0 and a million. Some infinities are bigger than other infinities."

I understand the idea and the concept behind it BUT doesn't this involve comparing the two collections of numbers? And isn't that defeating the purpose of infinity as you need a clear start and end to something if you want to compare it? I don't really know how to express this in words, but isn't comparing two collections of numbers that are constantly getting bigger like trying to compare two cars in detail while they drive past you at high speeds? lmao. I don't know.

submitted by /u/Smartanton
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How did Rutherford bombard the atom with alpha particles when discovering the nucleus in the Gold Foil Experiment?

Posted: 22 Sep 2020 08:06 PM PDT

I'm confused of how Rutherford 1. isolated an alpha particle, and 2. How did he even know what an alpha particle was or even measure it?? If they hadn't discovered the nucleus yet how was it possible for him to know to shoot 2 protons and 2 neutrons at the atom? I'd really appreciate if someone could explain this as I haven't found anywhere that explains these details. Thanks for your help!!

submitted by /u/petulantwalrus
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Is there a three-dimensional analogue of complex number plane? If not, then why?

Posted: 22 Sep 2020 01:11 PM PDT

I had an idea whether it is possible to plot the mandelbrot equation in three dimensions, but looking to it more (I am fairly novice on understanding mathematics) it seems there is no three dimensional analogue of complex numbers but instead quaternions. Why is that? Do complex numbers have points in only two dimensions or are there more?

submitted by /u/stumppi
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