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Thursday, September 3, 2020

If 2 objects are traveling at 0.5 the speed of light relative to some 3rd object but in opposite directions, would each perceive the other as going the speed of light? What about 0.6 times to speed of light?

If 2 objects are traveling at 0.5 the speed of light relative to some 3rd object but in opposite directions, would each perceive the other as going the speed of light? What about 0.6 times to speed of light?


If 2 objects are traveling at 0.5 the speed of light relative to some 3rd object but in opposite directions, would each perceive the other as going the speed of light? What about 0.6 times to speed of light?

Posted: 02 Sep 2020 11:45 PM PDT

Why do some vaccines leave scars?

Posted: 03 Sep 2020 05:36 AM PDT

I recently got my BCG vaccine as I work in a lab but when they informed me of the blistering and scaring phase I was a little perplexed. What makes the site blister and scar only after several weeks/months? I know it's to do with your immune system reacting but what is specifically involved / what's the processes involved and why does sometimes it cause such a prolonged severe reaction at the site of injection? ( How come its only with live vaccines too?)

submitted by /u/Organic-Advantages
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Why does an absorption spectrum of light exists? Meaning: Why do excited electrons do not re-emit photons of the same energy and as such re-fill the absorption lines?

Posted: 03 Sep 2020 02:01 AM PDT

Here's a question that has bugged me for quite a while:

In an absorption spectrum of electromagnetic radiation there are absorption lines to be observed, where the electrons have the fitting energy states to absorb a photon of that energy. As such photons of that energy then are missing, causing the gap. What remains is the full spectrum of the radiation, minus those lines that correspond to the elements in the sample between the light source and the observer.

Why don't the atoms/electrons re-emit a photon of that energy when they drop back to the ground state, as such re-filling those missing energies again?

This applies to stars as well a cloud of gas of some element between an observer and (white) light source.

---

A followup to that is: Why do stars even have absorption spectra, aren't most atoms in and near it ionized anyway? And without electrons there'd just be the nuclei, and as such no spectrum of any kind as we know it. So in what area of a star does the absorption actually happen? I assume it must happen in a cloud around the star, that is far enough away to have atoms including the electrons, but still close enough to be so dense that we get proper absorption of all the elements in the star.

And this begs another followup: Is there a significant time difference between the star fusing elements inside it (above Helium) and the time we do start to observe the absorption lines showing up in the spectrum?

submitted by /u/Deals_With_Dragons
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Is it possible for me to spread a disease even when I've had it and should be immune?

Posted: 03 Sep 2020 03:50 AM PDT

If I have had covid 19 or another infectious disease and have built up immunity, is it possible for me to spread it in the amount of time it takes for me to fight it off a second time?

submitted by /u/PossiblyAgree
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Can quantum entanglement be used for sub-FTL communication?

Posted: 03 Sep 2020 07:23 AM PDT

I know that at a base level, quantum entanglement cannot be used for FTL communication, no matter how many layers of math you throw at it (at least that we know of). However, does this same limitation apply at sub-FTL speeds? Or does the speed ultimately not matter?

submitted by /u/Anti-Antidote
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I have COVID antibodies and have been donating plasma, will my body replace the antibodies that I donated (is there a finite amount)?

Posted: 02 Sep 2020 08:19 PM PDT

I've gone 3 times, and curious if my body is replacing the antibodies I donate or not.

submitted by /u/jamjam2929
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How do erasable pens work?

Posted: 03 Sep 2020 02:26 AM PDT

How does the ink and eraser of an erasable pen work? I've been curious for a while.

submitted by /u/yodbhok
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Induced magnetic fields in cords?

Posted: 02 Sep 2020 07:49 PM PDT

I always wondered why magnetic fields are not present in cords and cables. For example: if you plug in a lamp and turn it on, the wire has an electrical current running through it. Magnetic fields are supposed to accompany electrical currents. So why, when I hold a piece of iron to a cord that has an active current is there no perceptible magnetic attraction?

submitted by /u/Swiftika
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Just how many fossils are there?

Posted: 02 Sep 2020 07:23 PM PDT

For my son's birthday, I got him a rock and mineral collection for $25. When he opened, it I was surprised that it had several fossils, including an Ammonite and a Mosasaurus tooth (among others), both millions of years old.

This has made me very intrigued. The fact that these are included in a $25 set means they are either fake, or these types of fossils are way more plentiful than I previously thought.

Obviously there are some fossils that are exceedingly rare. But in general, how many fossils are there in the world? Where do they find such an abundance of certain types that they can be sold so cheaply?

submitted by /u/awake-no
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Can birds "converse" with other types of birds?

Posted: 02 Sep 2020 06:23 AM PDT

I was just watching a crow and a broad-winged hawk perched together on the top of a tree, a few feet apart. They were facing each other, with what really seemed like a clear back-and-forth type dialogue. They honestly reminded me of two strangers sitting at a bus stop having a friendly conversation.

Am I anthropomorphizing a coincidence or could they actually have been having a conversation/dialogue?

submitted by /u/BlottomanTurk
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Why did the earth form with a large mass of land on one side (Pangea)? Were there lesser continents sunken and lost to time?

Posted: 03 Sep 2020 04:25 AM PDT

Why does snow only happen during the late fall, winter months, and early spring? However, when it hails, it can happen literally any time in the year even though it’s ice precipitation just like snow. Why does this happen?

Posted: 02 Sep 2020 11:02 AM PDT

what does space smell like?

Posted: 02 Sep 2020 05:21 PM PDT

How does a modern computer use Boolean logic to compute?

Posted: 02 Sep 2020 11:20 AM PDT

Whatever I try and google an answer to this question all I find is page after page of introductory Boolean logic about AND gates, which I very much understand, then at the end of the lesson they just go something along the lines of:

"And then the computer makes takes that logic and makes computations."

But how? Like, physically how does having a long list of gates sorted into a specific order translate into a computation?

submitted by /u/xavierwest888
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Do people in a blind vaccine trial get told what group they were in after the trial is over?

Posted: 02 Sep 2020 06:35 AM PDT

That way someone who didn't receive the vaccine but wants it, can get it. And also someone that did receive it doesn't get it again.

submitted by /u/dynasoreshicken
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Where does the explosive energy of an airbust meteor come from?

Posted: 02 Sep 2020 01:37 PM PDT

So I've been reading a little bit about the Tunguska event and the Chelyabinsk meteor, both of which have been attributed to a meteoroid exploding in "airburst" event, with the object blowing up in midair after entering the atmosphere.

I am wondering where the explosive energy (enough to generate a powerful shockwave) comes from in this sort of phenomenon. Intuitively, it's easy to understand the massive explosive energy release when a meteor strikes the ground. But when it's burning up in the air, there is no obvious point at which I'd intuitively expect an explosion-- no moment of impact where the entire system must release its energy violently. In fact, I'd expect the meteor to more "dissolve" under the stress, vs. cause a massive explosion.

So my question is, where does the explosive energy in an airbust meteor come from? Why does it blow up instead of fall apart?

(edited for spelling/grammar)

submitted by /u/KingSpork
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What determines a volcano's shape?

Posted: 02 Sep 2020 10:56 AM PDT

Shield volcanoes, cinder cones etc.

submitted by /u/Sarahyen
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Can we lose our sense of touch with age the same way we lose our hearing and vision?

Posted: 02 Sep 2020 06:18 AM PDT

Or any sense?

submitted by /u/Assaulted-Peanut
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What is the opposite of clinical depression?

Posted: 02 Sep 2020 08:50 AM PDT

What would it be called if someone was always happy all the time, had high motivation even for the most mundane tasks, and was never sad even when faced with bad news?

submitted by /u/timfoil04
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Wednesday, September 2, 2020

Why do astronauts breathe 100% oxygen?

Why do astronauts breathe 100% oxygen?


Why do astronauts breathe 100% oxygen?

Posted: 02 Sep 2020 03:45 AM PDT

In the Apollo 11 documentary it is mentioned at some point that astronauts wore space suits which had 100% oxygen pumped in them, but the space shuttle was pressurized with a mixture of 60% oxygen and 40% nitrogen. Since our atmosphere is also a mixture of these two gases, why are astronauts required to have 100-percent oxygen?

submitted by /u/nickoskal024
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If the moon also rotates on its axis,why is it said that we can never view its other side?

Posted: 01 Sep 2020 11:38 PM PDT

How exactly does the CMB cover the universe?

Posted: 02 Sep 2020 01:45 AM PDT

I've read that the CMB reads the background radiation from the Big Bang without any of the planets of galaxies being in the way. Is that true? How does the CMB give us this complete layout of the universe(of what we can see atleast) without all the galaxies and other things getting in the way and giving false information? If a planet is in the way wouldn't it askew the reading for everything behind it as well?

submitted by /u/cwb4ever
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What do I see when I look at the night sky. Just Planets? Stars? Both?

Posted: 02 Sep 2020 02:22 AM PDT

I just don't know what those thousands observable twinkling stars are. I always wondered. Are those all Stars with their own planets orbiting them? Or just planets like Earth?

submitted by /u/SMDT_
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If we can only see objects if the reflected light enters out eyes (or a camera), then how did we capture the image of the black hole if light itself cannot escape it?

Posted: 01 Sep 2020 09:09 PM PDT

How does the plate movement work?

Posted: 02 Sep 2020 05:30 AM PDT

In a few million years will north Americas west coast and Asia's East coast join together due to the plate movement or will it stay as it is now?

submitted by /u/20-Eoghan-03
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How did tropical storms/hurricanes in the Panthalassa Ocean (the massive ocean surrounding the super continent Pangea) compare to storms today?

Posted: 01 Sep 2020 11:55 AM PDT

Most large hurricanes that hit North America form from hot, dry air rising over the Sahara desert that mixes with cool, wet air above the Atlantic Ocean. The rising destructive power of these storms has been nearly universally a result of climate change/global warming.

In comparison, during the formation and dismantling of Pangea, huge amounts of volcanic activity pushed environments to extremes, with CO2, CH4, NO2, and cyanides contributing to a massive greenhouse gas effect (thought to be a major reason for the mass extinction that took place and led to the rise of the dinosaurs) (Source: https://phys.org/news/2013-11-biggest-mass-extinction-pangea.html ).

So how did both the size of the Panthalassa Ocean and extreme climates impact the size of such tropical storms? Were they bigger or smaller? Why?

submitted by /u/GoobytheNooby
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Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Posted: 02 Sep 2020 08:09 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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Why are so many computer gpus filled with completely different cooling fans? Don't we know the optimal shape and number of fins by now?

Posted: 01 Sep 2020 03:02 PM PDT

Is synesthesia documented in non-human primates or other mammals?

Posted: 01 Sep 2020 07:38 AM PDT

Maltodextrin has a higher glycemic index than glucose. How is it possible that Maltodextrin is absorbed and converted to glucose faster than consuming straight glucose?

Posted: 01 Sep 2020 07:50 AM PDT

Why is the rabies virus contagious between humans and animals, but very rarely contagious between humans and humans?

Posted: 01 Sep 2020 04:35 PM PDT

How can you predict if 2 plant species will hybridize if cross pollinated?

Posted: 01 Sep 2020 07:50 AM PDT

How can you predict if 2 plant species will hybridize if cross pollinated? I ofteb see chromosome number Xn being quoted (however I am not sure which chromosome number should that be), however I would like to know what is a good predictor variable.

Thank you

submitted by /u/pilorif
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How do tech companies such as Twitter determine an account is fake and associated with a specific radical group or foreign state?

Posted: 01 Sep 2020 11:49 AM PDT

How does the eye differentiate between light coming from a close object, and light coming form a distant object?

Posted: 01 Sep 2020 07:25 AM PDT

Curious since I'm short-sighted.

I get that the lens in the eye has to contract or opposite to focus the light, but that understanding goes away from me when two objects with two different distances from the eye have different clarity even when they take up the same amount of field of view.. Say a car at a distance will appear blurry when a pencil at close range appear sharp, even though they take up the same amount of area in my sight.

submitted by /u/Hello_Its_Microsoft
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How much does genetics play a role in pet allergies?

Posted: 01 Sep 2020 07:48 AM PDT

Does anyone knows more about pet allergies and what genes cause them? I just find it incredibly odd that when I was a kid I had moderate to severe asthma and then I outgrew it around age 7. I had friends who had plenty of dogs and cats around and I didn't have any issues with their pets. My immediate family however, mom, dad, and older sister are all allergic to dogs and cats and none of them had asthma. Any thoughts or is this just a really obscure question?

submitted by /u/alexthagreat98
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Does birdsong contain information beyond "I'm here"?

Posted: 31 Aug 2020 09:08 PM PDT

It seems crazy to me to extend that amount of energy and have such consistently slight variation (thinking about robins in particular but also blue jays) to have it not encode information more rich than "hi it's me" over and over

submitted by /u/salfkvoje
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Is it true that psychology no longer uses the distinction between hallucinations and delusions, and why? Is it true that psychology no longer uses the distinction between organized and disorganized schizophrenia, and why?

Posted: 31 Aug 2020 10:38 PM PDT

2 questions:

  1. I am told that psychology has done away with the distinction between a delusion (cognitive) and a hallucination (perceptual). Why? It seems like a perfectly functional and consequential distinction, even a self-evident one.
  2. I am also told that psychology has done away with the distinction between organized and disorganized schizophrenia. Why? The difference in presentation and consequence seems pretty clear.
submitted by /u/slip-7
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Why the long period of antibiotics?

Posted: 31 Aug 2020 07:46 PM PDT

Why do we have a long period of antibiotics as opposed to having one big dose and getting it over with?

submitted by /u/the_dying_punk
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Tuesday, September 1, 2020

If prions are extremely hard to destroy, and they convert other proteins into prions, could every protein on Earth become a prion, similar to the Grey Goo scenario? How likely is this?

If prions are extremely hard to destroy, and they convert other proteins into prions, could every protein on Earth become a prion, similar to the Grey Goo scenario? How likely is this?


If prions are extremely hard to destroy, and they convert other proteins into prions, could every protein on Earth become a prion, similar to the Grey Goo scenario? How likely is this?

Posted: 31 Aug 2020 09:54 AM PDT

Is there a reason why solar flares resemble magnetic lines of force?

Posted: 31 Aug 2020 11:14 PM PDT

I've seen pictures of solar flares and they almost always remind me of the iron filings rearranging themselves in the magnetic force lines shape. Is there a reason to this?

submitted by /u/sharatatouille
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Do ants communicate imminent danger warnings to each other?

Posted: 01 Sep 2020 09:13 AM PDT

If someone were to continually stomp on a trail of ants in the same location, why is it that the ants keep taking that line towards danger? It seems like they scatter at the last moment, but more continue to follow the scent trail.

submitted by /u/JWOLFBEARD
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Why do prion diseases have such a long incubation period?

Posted: 31 Aug 2020 06:04 PM PDT

So I was googling diseases n all when I came across mad cow disease, which led me to scrapie, which led me to kuru, and so on and so forth. With all of these I've noticed an extremely long incubation period, and it seems to be one of the characteristics for those diseases. Why is that?

submitted by /u/thatonekokichikinnie
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If a huge power outage happens and all the lights in the area go out, will we be able to see the stars?

Posted: 31 Aug 2020 10:40 AM PDT

So I know that stars aren't usually visible in populated areas due to light pollution, but if all the lights suddenly disappear, will all the stars suddenly appear all at once? Or will the stars start fading into the sky one by one?

submitted by /u/BillVod
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What happens to Cobalt-60 under neutron bombardment?

Posted: 31 Aug 2020 04:00 PM PDT

Ok, so, wr all know that if you "salt" a nuclear weapon with cobalt-59, the neutron flux at detonation will convert it into cobalt-60.

But what would happen if you started with cobalt-60?

submitted by /u/ArenVaal
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I've heard before that viruses as a whole (like Corona) very rarely kill on their own, but rather are dangerous due to their accentuating the effect of co-morbid conditions. Is that true?

Posted: 31 Aug 2020 03:35 PM PDT

If so, please share any linkable data sources here, as I'd love to spread some solid data around. Thanks!

submitted by /u/RedditGottitGood
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How did marine wildlife originally get into very high elevation bodies of water such as Lake Titicaca, Lake Tahoe, etc?

Posted: 31 Aug 2020 06:11 AM PDT

During pregnancy, when is the umbilical cord developed?

Posted: 31 Aug 2020 01:57 PM PDT

Hello, first of all, sorry for asking such a "stupid" question, but it's been bugging me for the past week.

I've seen dozens of videos online about the fetus forming and growing up, from being just one small cell, yet I've never really noticed when does the umbilical cord appear?

Is it already connected with the mother from the very beginning (at the stage of just one cell) but the umbilical cord is just so small we can't even see it, or does it just suddenly starts growing out from the baby's belly button and finds its way to the mother?

submitted by /u/Havir_
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How do stem cells know how to arranges itself in space, defining tissues boundaries and shapes?

Posted: 31 Aug 2020 07:41 AM PDT

Hi! I was always intrigued by how stem cells work together to build a complete organ, and parts of the human body.

Like, for example, to build an arm, how do stem cells "know" that they have to go X cm lenght to start to build the wrist. And moreover, how do that X cm lenght converts to Y number of cells. I know it's not that simple, it's not a formula that works that way, that chemicals rule the building and spacial orientation of each cell in the process. But it's so curious how these chemicals give this spacial "conscience" and define the boundaries. Like, how body knows it's time to end the arm, when it should create a curve for the hand, etc.

Thank you for any information that can give a light to this question =)

submitted by /u/mariana_cross
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How do fibroids grow and what causes them to grow bigger?

Posted: 31 Aug 2020 02:00 PM PDT

How come blood type O- can be given to anyone if the bloodstream contains antibodies of all the other groups?

Posted: 31 Aug 2020 09:00 AM PDT

How come O- can be given to anyone in a transfusion, given that the bloodstream of someone who is O- contains both anti-A and anti-B antibodies? Are these not also extracted when blood is taken for donation?

submitted by /u/tunablepizza
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It's well known that humanity came from Africa before spreading around the world, but do we have any idea of where in Africa we originated?

Posted: 31 Aug 2020 10:27 AM PDT

Most anthropoligical maps just have arrows coming from the vague center of the continent but is that accurate?

submitted by /u/Shawn_666
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What happens in our lungs when molecules other than oxygen enters?

Posted: 30 Aug 2020 07:47 PM PDT

If the air around us is mainly nitrogen and CO2, how do our blood cells only pick up oxygen? Do our alveoli filter out everything except O2?

submitted by /u/dennys00
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How are we able to conclude the accuracy of a particular coronavirus test? For example, if a certain test was found out to be 60% accurate, what allows us to figure out that information?

Posted: 30 Aug 2020 07:40 PM PDT

When an electron isn't attached to a positive nucleus, what shape does its wave take? And other Sunday electron questions.

Posted: 30 Aug 2020 04:27 PM PDT

  • Is the electron cloud a 3D spherically shaped standing wave?
  • Is the electron and the electron cloud the same thing or different things?
  • Does the negative electric charge come from the electron point particle or from the electron probability wave?
  • When an electron isn't attached to a positive nucleus, when an electron is just floating free in space, what shape does its wave take?
submitted by /u/nowducks_667a1860
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