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Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Horses' lifespan is severely affected from being injected with spider venom for anti-venom production. Why does it happen, and does something similar happen to people bitten by spiders?

Horses' lifespan is severely affected from being injected with spider venom for anti-venom production. Why does it happen, and does something similar happen to people bitten by spiders?

Horses' lifespan is severely affected from being injected with spider venom for anti-venom production. Why does it happen, and does something similar happen to people bitten by spiders?

Posted: 24 Aug 2020 06:17 PM PDT

Quote:

Unsurprisingly, being injected with brown spider venom has an effect on the horses' health over time. Their lifespan is reduced from around 20 years to just three or four. source

I understand the damage is probably cumulative over time, yet the reduction in lifespan is extreme. I find it interesting that they can survive the venom and develop the "anti-venom" to it, but they still suffer from this effect.

What is the scientifical reason for this to happen and can people suffer from the same effect from spider bites, albeit in a minor form due to probably much less venom being injected?

submitted by /u/Teriose
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How do chemical reactions occur at relatively low temperatures if typical bond energies are so high?

Posted: 25 Aug 2020 07:04 AM PDT

My understanding is that when molecules interact with each other and form other molecules what first has to happen is that chemical bonds need to be broken before they can be reformed. Looking at various tables for the bond energies of common bonds they're usually listed in kJ/mol or eV, in the latter case being listed as several eV.

My understanding is also that an energy of 1 eV is associated with a temperature of around 11,000 K.

Since bonds are listed with strengths of several eV, wouldn't that mean that you'd need to heat compounds up to several tens of thousands of degrees to break them? That clearly doesn't happen in everyday scenarios or when chemists heat up samples for experiments, so what's my misunderstanding with all this?

submitted by /u/Tasty_Peach5791
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How will this flu season affect the current COVID-19 situation?

Posted: 24 Aug 2020 10:08 AM PDT

I'm not very knowledged on how viruses work, but would the chance of mutation increase if there are other viruses present in the immune system? If so, how severe/mundane could this turn out?

submitted by /u/sleezysaul
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Is there an ideal time to get a flu shot? Is it possible to get one so early that it loses its effectiveness before flu season is at its peak? On the other hand, is it possible to wait too late in the season for it to do any good?

Posted: 24 Aug 2020 11:35 AM PDT

Do sea levels fluctuate over the seasons due to water trapped in land ice?

Posted: 24 Aug 2020 03:13 PM PDT

My understanding is that sea ice doesn't really change that much in terms of sea level but that land ice does as water is locked up on land. Since most land is in the north, do sea levels go down in the northern winter at all and up in the northern summer?

submitted by /u/P0llic3V3rs0
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In a typical thermonuclear bomb, is all fissile material from the primary fully expended by the time fusion begins in secondary/tertiary stages?

Posted: 24 Aug 2020 09:05 AM PDT

Does the mutations in SARS-CoV-2 affect the development of the vaccine?

Posted: 24 Aug 2020 06:15 PM PDT

Why do children not spread covid as well as adults ?

Posted: 24 Aug 2020 04:46 PM PDT

With schools opening up in the UK , the government are saying the science is saying, transmission rate among children is low. Why is it low for children and not adults?

Why is this getting downvoted...

submitted by /u/boi_2100
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Are vaccines usually conferring sterilizing immunity?

Posted: 24 Aug 2020 09:10 AM PDT

I have been reading a lot about the recent development of COVID-19 vaccines and the discussion about how good it's going to protect us and I started to wonder wether vaccines usually confer sterilizing immunity or not? Is it normal to be immune but still being able to shed a virus (maybe in reduced amounts) or are vaccines normally sterilizing so you can't infect anybody after your body has developed immunity/antibodies. Is it normal to be completely not spreading anything anymore after being vaccinated or do you rather just gain immunity for yourself so you don't get sick? Wich vaccine does what specifically? I couldn't really find anything about this topic on google. Thank you very much!

submitted by /u/avocado0286
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Simple question, are members of the subfamily Pantherinae (tigers, jaguars, clouded leopards etc) considered 'feline'?

Posted: 24 Aug 2020 04:14 AM PDT

The family Felidae (cats) is split into two extant subfamilies, Pantherinae and Felinae, so I would assume that even though they are cats, members of Pantherinae would technically not be 'feline' (although they would be felids). Googling this just comes up with "feline = cat" which isn't totally clear

submitted by /u/KTbadger
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[Biology] How do animals, both mammal and non-mammal handle eating active, living prey?

Posted: 24 Aug 2020 01:55 AM PDT

As a human, I can't imagine eating an entire living organism whole, and NOT experience severe indigestion. What with it still alive, for a time, in my stomach wiggling about. So how do animals tolerate this?

submitted by /u/Soapiestlyric4
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How is the diameter of the universe greater than the age of the universe if nothing is faster than the speed of light?

Posted: 24 Aug 2020 05:04 AM PDT

How do we measure the energy released by cosmic explosions?

Posted: 24 Aug 2020 02:32 AM PDT

So, a friend of mine sent me a post about how there was an energy outburst by a binary collapsing, and the caption said that the energy released was equivalent to 10 trillion atom bombs or some other really crazy number like that. How do we calculate these large numbers? How accurate are they?

​

My intuition says that we already know how much energy an ordinary atom vomits up, so we could just compare the energy released by one atom to the energy released by the stars, but this is just a guess.

I would love it if you guys could explain it this to me, or just direct me towards a relevant article.

submitted by /u/legend_noob
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How is ear wax produced?

Posted: 24 Aug 2020 01:07 AM PDT

What is a brain freeze ?

Posted: 24 Aug 2020 12:21 AM PDT

Is it possible to harvest the CMBR energy and use it?

Posted: 24 Aug 2020 07:36 AM PDT

What does each scientific classification or taxonomic rank mean?

Posted: 24 Aug 2020 02:19 AM PDT
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Monday, August 24, 2020

Can we accelerate in space with the power of a flashlight and if yes - how fast?

Can we accelerate in space with the power of a flashlight and if yes - how fast?

Can we accelerate in space with the power of a flashlight and if yes - how fast?

Posted: 23 Aug 2020 11:11 PM PDT

How do we know how to pronounce ancient Egyptian and Sumerian names?

Posted: 23 Aug 2020 07:03 PM PDT

What’s in the Y axis of space?

Posted: 24 Aug 2020 05:11 AM PDT

Every time we think of space travel or when it's shown on screen, it's depicted as horizontal movement. Even the model of our galaxy is planar. Given that the universe is infinite in all directions, what's above and below the earth? What would happen if we just flew up and kept on flying vertically? Thank you for your answers in advance!

submitted by /u/MyCoolFam
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Would it be possible to see the CMBR in the visible spectrum if....?

Posted: 24 Aug 2020 03:55 AM PDT

So I don't have any formal physics education, I could be entirely off base here in which case someone please correct me but I have a question relating to special relativity and I figured this would be the best place to get a timely answer.

Special relativity states that because c must be constant for all observers, the closer massive particles accelerate to the speed of light, the slower they experience time relative to particles not experiencing that acceleration. So does this mean that if we were on a spaceship that could accelerate at g forever, and we had a visible light telescope that could exclude all radiation except for the CMBR, we would eventually be able to see the CMBR?? The light would just continue to blueshift the higher γ rose right? So would the CMBR eventually come up from the radio spectrum into the visible spectrum? Furthermore, because of the time dilation would it be possible to watch the entire future of Earth play out? Stipulating this time we had some sort of gamma ray telescope that could exclude all radiation except for that coming from our selected source.

submitted by /u/Handin1989
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How physically similar is one individual Coronavirus to another one?

Posted: 24 Aug 2020 02:26 AM PDT

My dauther asked me how many spikes a Coronavirus has. I have not yet found an answer online. While thinking about it, I came to the broader question of how physical similar one single Coronavirus is to another one.

  • Are the individual virus instances exact duplicates of each other? Or are they just "similar" like one human is to another one?
  • Are they the same size or are they only roughly same-sized with slight variations?

If there are variations in size…

  • is one virus just scaled up or down by a fixed amount, like "this one is 2% bigger than that one so its spikes are also 2% bigger each"
  • or are they made of distinct building parts with fixed size, so a slightly bigger virus has more spikes to cover its surface? (perhaps like Lego? If I make this model slightly bigger I need four additional bricks and now the cross-section has gone up from 20 studs to 24 studs)
submitted by /u/ugnulf
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Why are most vaccines done via injection?

Posted: 23 Aug 2020 03:11 PM PDT

What makes an injection, specifically a vaccine, work better than being taken orally or via nasal passages with a spray?

I realize this may seem like a very basic question, but my 7-year old daughter asked why the COVID-19 vaccine will be done via injection, and Google is not helpful on this one. So, I defer to you science wizards!

submitted by /u/PearsonFlyer
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Would collecting and combining the digital data from 2,500, half inch optical telescopes result in imagery comparable to one, 50 inch telescope?

Posted: 24 Aug 2020 01:11 AM PDT

Also, would there be a significant reduction in resolution if data collected at the same time were from different places? For example 1,250 people in New England taking an hour long expose of Saturn from 0200 to 0300 and 1,250 people in the Pacific North West doing the same thing from 2300 to 2400.

I'm wondering is crowd sourcing data from amateur astronomers to produce high resolution images could ever be a thing.

Thank you!

submitted by /u/TomTheNurse
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Why do most hand sanitizers have 70% ethyl alcohol?

Posted: 23 Aug 2020 03:50 PM PDT

Why can't it be 80% or any other number? What is the other 30%?

submitted by /u/anshshard
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How does salt form and how different is the salt obtained from mountains to the one harvested from sea water?

Posted: 23 Aug 2020 07:49 PM PDT

International Space Station Query: How do they get internet connectivity?

Posted: 23 Aug 2020 08:27 PM PDT

This might be a long shot, but does anyone know how the International Space station gets internet connectivity even though its out there moving fast and presumably pointing away from satellites that beam signals?

submitted by /u/sang_eet_right
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Why does still water breed more bacteria than flowing water?

Posted: 23 Aug 2020 09:52 AM PDT

Also if still water is exposed to only air in a setting where nothing else can get in, will it still get bacteria?

submitted by /u/iluvcheesypoofs
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Is sea level rise matching rates of glacial melt?

Posted: 23 Aug 2020 09:25 AM PDT

Recent news articles have been talking about the upward estimates of ice loss attributed to global warming. Without getting into the complexities of glacial melts and retreats, the question is whether or not the coinciding rate of sea level rise is consistent with model predictions? Perhaps the answer is that the recent news is not truly news to those in the field of study, but the corollary between ice melt and sea level rise remains.

submitted by /u/deerhater
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Does the quality of genetic information carried by a sperm cell affect it’s motility? Is there any benefit to having competition between sperm cells?

Posted: 23 Aug 2020 04:36 AM PDT

How do electron and positron annihilate each other?

Posted: 23 Aug 2020 07:00 AM PDT

For instance, they are of opposite charges (as a proton and electron in a hydrogen atom), it sounds plausible that they capture each others and form a stable positronium atom.

From my understanding, they are both considered point particles with zero-length radii. What is the probability of two zero-lengthed points to touch?

submitted by /u/BanX
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Are most loci on chromosomes only 2 alleles? (Dominant, recessive)

Posted: 23 Aug 2020 08:01 AM PDT

I know there's variations on the dominant or recessive options like codominance or incomplete dominance, but is that consistent with the majority or all genes? Do some genes have 3 or more alleles? If so, how often does that occur in nature?

submitted by /u/Bimmy249
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How do scientists discover new complex molecules?

Posted: 23 Aug 2020 01:52 AM PDT

From my understanding you would for example take a plant and with a first spectroscopy you would get different lines for e.g. the mass of all the molecules you have. Then, when there is a peak that you cannot match to a known molecule you would try to isolate this substance. Then maybe you could use some kind of spectroscopy to find out which atoms are in this molecule. Would you then try to come up with a formula that makes sense or what would you do? How can we find out about cis and trans molecules? Or if the carbon builds rings or not?

submitted by /u/Cylloan
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How are the cells in a fern gametophyte able to reproduce and grow with only one set of chromosomes?

Posted: 23 Aug 2020 06:40 AM PDT

Can a single strand of mRNA be reused in transcription more than once?

Posted: 22 Aug 2020 10:55 PM PDT

When the ribosome reaches the the end of the mRNA can it be reused to create the same protein and if so what dictates when it stops being transcribed?

submitted by /u/Privizal
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Criteria for Covid Discharge?

Posted: 23 Aug 2020 03:56 AM PDT

What is correct criteria for discharge of Covid patients? Is it 2 -ve rtpcr tests or is it just no showing of symptoms after few(like 10) days? Which one is better? & provides credible data?

submitted by /u/DipShitHooligan
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Sunday, August 23, 2020

How does our body know when we need to drink water?

How does our body know when we need to drink water?

How does our body know when we need to drink water?

Posted: 23 Aug 2020 06:23 AM PDT

How does gut bacteria/fauna survive when a person is in a coma or being fed intravenously?

Posted: 23 Aug 2020 06:23 AM PDT

It's widely accepted that there is a universal common ancestor for all life forms on earth. Is there evidence that there is a last common Universal ancestor for viruses?

Posted: 22 Aug 2020 04:45 PM PDT

How to identify a fossil?

Posted: 22 Aug 2020 10:53 PM PDT

Is an infinite series countable?

Posted: 22 Aug 2020 11:52 AM PDT

Suppose I have an infinite series of rational numbers, starting from 0 and converging to 1.

Does this set contain the limit point at 1? If it does/doesnt, does that make it a closed/open set?

If it is closed (contains the limit), does that make it uncountably infinite?

My thoughts being that at the limit you end up with some kind of continuum like the reals.

Im Not an expert in maths just curious.

submitted by /u/Tom_Nice2MeetU
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how can an entire muscle fibre contract/ shorten, if the sarcomers become shorter by moving the z- lines closer together?

Posted: 22 Aug 2020 07:23 AM PDT

im doing revision for a physiology exam and i realize that i don't understand how muscles contract. i understand the contraction of a single sarcomere , but not how that is supposed to work with several, or thousands of them in a row to contract an entire fibre. my problem is: if the h- band and the i- band both shorten while the a- band keeps its length, moving the z-lines closer together, how can the neighboring sarcomere do the same? do the m lines respectively move towards the point where the muscle is fixed? what decides in which deriction the m-lines move, if they move at all?

submitted by /u/voldemortthe-sceptic
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Are planets still forming or is the universe at a stage where that process is mostly complete?

Posted: 21 Aug 2020 08:47 PM PDT

I was just thinking about meteors and how they are still contributing mass to our planet. And is the asteroid belt a planet in the making or is it just leftovers from building the planets in our solar system?

submitted by /u/PM_ME_YOUR_UVULA_PLS
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Are there petroleum byproducts that are used for producing common household materials that will run short as we transition off fossil fuels?

Posted: 21 Aug 2020 06:02 PM PDT

I'm very interested in beneficial reuses of byproducts from industries. The petroleum industry seems to do a fantastic job (like every industry I'm sure they could do better yet) of reusing waste products from a given process and creating very marketable products. What are some of the common process inputs that will dry up or get drastically more expensive for other industries if we aren't cracking as much crude?

As a follow up do we have the technology to transition to bio versions of those chemicals?

submitted by /u/xeoxemachine
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Saturday, August 22, 2020

I use a P100 respirator to protect myself from infection, but sometimes powerfully malodorant smells (garbage full of diapers, etc) are noticeable through the mask. Does this indicate that I am at risk of infection from airborne sources, specifically corona virus?

I use a P100 respirator to protect myself from infection, but sometimes powerfully malodorant smells (garbage full of diapers, etc) are noticeable through the mask. Does this indicate that I am at risk of infection from airborne sources, specifically corona virus?

I use a P100 respirator to protect myself from infection, but sometimes powerfully malodorant smells (garbage full of diapers, etc) are noticeable through the mask. Does this indicate that I am at risk of infection from airborne sources, specifically corona virus?

Posted: 21 Aug 2020 10:00 AM PDT

Would it be possible for falling objects to exceed sonic velocity and result in a boom?

Posted: 22 Aug 2020 06:17 AM PDT

Would it be possible if Earth's atmosphere was sufficiently thin/sparse such that the drag force on falling objects was limited enough to allow the terminal velocity to exceed the speed of sound thus resulting in a sonic boom when an item was dropped from a tall building? Or if Earth's mass was greater, such that the gravitational force allowed objects to accelerate to a similar terminal velocity? How far away are Earth's current conditions from a state where this phenomena would occur?

submitted by /u/Accurate_Protection6
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How does a ants nest not get destroyed or flooded in rain?

Posted: 21 Aug 2020 05:46 PM PDT

What did paleolithic humans eat?

Posted: 22 Aug 2020 04:22 AM PDT

Can viruses be detected during their incubation periods?

Posted: 22 Aug 2020 04:11 AM PDT

I know that an incubation period is the time between the virus entering the body and when it starts showing symptoms so by what I understand the swab test for COVID-19 should return positive even if the test was conducted during the virus' incubation period. I am not sure abut this tho and I couldn't find a good answer on google.

Thanks in advance and sorry is this is kinda dumb

submitted by /u/seth_ningbo
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What does "sustained blast wave" mean in the context of thermobaric weapons?

Posted: 21 Aug 2020 05:31 PM PDT

Does pregnancy affect the total time a woman is fertile (time between the first and last menstruation)?

Posted: 21 Aug 2020 05:05 PM PDT

Given that women are born with a certain number of eggs and that they do not menstruate during pregnancy, does getting pregnant extend the period of time before women get into menopause?

submitted by /u/neman-bs
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How Do Countries With Second-Strike Nuclear Weapons Know Who Nuked Them?

Posted: 21 Aug 2020 11:42 PM PDT

Imagine a scenario where there are four countries, countries A, B, C, and D who all have nuclear weapon first and second strike ability, and submarine ballistic missile launchers, and all of them have equally good relations with each other and no country does anything suspicious. All of their nuclear weapons have no difference between each other. Then, country B decides to use a sub to launch 10 nuclear weapons at country A. How does country A know country B nuked them, and not C or D?

submitted by /u/Investor1101
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If Theia collided with Earth billions of years ago, causing debris to get knocked off and form into the Moon, does that imply that the Earth was once larger than it is today?

Posted: 21 Aug 2020 07:15 PM PDT

Why do fundamental particles have to be point sized?

Posted: 21 Aug 2020 01:33 PM PDT

I was always skeptical of fundamental particles being point sized, shouldn't that lead to problems like infinite electric field energy around a particle? Or infinite densities? Why can't they just have a difinite size just like they have a definite mass, charge, spin etc? Does having a size lead to some issues? Or we just don't know?

submitted by /u/killer_jack
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Are people who experienced famine or forced starvation at a greater risk of developing eating disorders?

Posted: 21 Aug 2020 05:10 PM PDT

Why do the „warm“ and „cold“ seasons happen a bit later than the „bright“ and „dark“ seasons?

Posted: 21 Aug 2020 03:45 PM PDT

21st of June is the day with the most sun hours, 21st of December the one with the least. So why do the really hot days occur in July and August, and the coldest ones usually in January and February? (I live in Germany, if that matters)

submitted by /u/GandalfGardener
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If young people have stronger immune systems than the elderly, and covid (to my understanding) primarily kills through severe immune responses and/or cytokine storms, how do most young people suffer mild symptoms while old have a higher risk of death?

Posted: 21 Aug 2020 03:30 PM PDT

Some lizards detach their tail as a defence mechanism. How do they do it? How do they tear the muscles and bones in an instant?

Posted: 21 Aug 2020 04:22 AM PDT

How does an echocardiogram bubble study accomplish anything besides an embolism?

Posted: 21 Aug 2020 07:47 AM PDT

Was there more carbon in circulation when petroleum was formed?

Posted: 20 Aug 2020 08:00 PM PDT

Is the carbon cycle a closed loop? If it is, where does all of the petroleum oil come from? Back when it was formed, there must have been a huge abundance of carbon and the atmosphere and carbon cycle must have been vastly different. Before industry, we had a relative equilibrium in the carbon cycle. Industry has released enormous amounts of carbon from the planet's oil reserves. But was all of the present carbon PLUS all of the buried oil-carbon one time all at play at the same time on the planet? How would the atmospheric greenhouse gasses have not completely roasted all life on Earth, making it more akin to Venus?

submitted by /u/ofthisredearth
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