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Monday, August 17, 2020

Scientists have recently said the greenland ice is past the “point of no return” - what will this mean for AMOC?

Scientists have recently said the greenland ice is past the “point of no return” - what will this mean for AMOC?


Scientists have recently said the greenland ice is past the “point of no return” - what will this mean for AMOC?

Posted: 16 Aug 2020 11:01 AM PDT

Do flies go random when they fly?

Posted: 16 Aug 2020 06:45 AM PDT

We can see them fly, going in circles, stopping, and all seems very random.

submitted by /u/Bart-olomeo
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Why are snail slime lines discontinuous?

Posted: 17 Aug 2020 07:34 AM PDT

My best guess would be a smooth area to glide on and a rougher area for traction, is this correct?

e.g.

submitted by /u/keysersosayweall
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What causes the baby to turn head down and hold position in the final weeks of pregnancy?

Posted: 17 Aug 2020 07:46 AM PDT

For a pregnant women, the baby should start to turn head down at around week 33, and hold position until give birth.

What causes this to happen? Does the uterus knows how to 'turn' the baby? Theres muscles in the uterus to do this? Or is this the baby's own instinct that he waddles himself to head down?

And once the baby is in head down position, how does he maintain that position, but not being drifted away? What's holding him in position?

submitted by /u/eatqqq
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Why does it seem like viruses, diseases, and cancer are more common now that we are technologically advanced than in the past?

Posted: 17 Aug 2020 06:33 AM PDT

Some colonies of ants and termites are organized by castes that fulfill specific functions and for this they have different bodies (workers, soldiers, neotics). What happens inside the queens that allows them to give birth to morphologically differentiated individuals?

Posted: 17 Aug 2020 02:15 AM PDT

I don't think I have heard of any other animal (except bees and wasps) that can do something similar.

submitted by /u/Satanas_Subtropical
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Can you train memory and concentration?

Posted: 17 Aug 2020 07:39 AM PDT

I am curious about this subject but I get the feeling that when I search for this on the Internet everyone who says that you can is trying to sell you something.

So my question would be if it is scientifically proven that you can train those things and if doing so would bring you positive aspects to your life.

Also I would like to ask to the experts if it is true that the current lifestyle is encouraging the opposite of developing good attention and memory skills and how can you effectively fight this.

(obligatory "sorry if my english is not perfect, it is not my birth language yada yada yada)

submitted by /u/Mr_Pol
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How do lungs clean themselves?

Posted: 17 Aug 2020 01:33 AM PDT

I'm mostly interested in understanding the mechanism for this because it's one of the only organs which is directly exposed to the environment. Thank you, in advance.

submitted by /u/Capable-Amphibian
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What is the current consensus in the field of bariatrics on mitigating obesity?

Posted: 17 Aug 2020 07:24 AM PDT

Obesity is a very politcally charged subject so it's difficult to get good information on what researchers in the field consider to be the best approach for governments/healthcare providers to adopt to combat the disease.

submitted by /u/watermaindude
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If I use salt to lower the boiling temperature of water, and maintain that temperature, is the water still as effective at cooking food at the lower temperature?

Posted: 16 Aug 2020 08:34 PM PDT

If the Earth didn't rotate on its axis would there be no day/night cycle, or would the period between the cycles just be very long?

Posted: 16 Aug 2020 08:04 PM PDT

Unexplained gravitational lensing events in the solar system?

Posted: 16 Aug 2020 10:29 AM PDT

In Planet X? Why not a tiny black hole instead?, the final paragraph says

Underlying the speculation is an interesting coincidence: unexplained gravitational lensing events that happen to be the right mass and distance to explain some very odd orbits of trans-Neptunian objects.

What are these unexplained gravitational lensing events, and where can I learn more about them?

submitted by /u/iayork
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Does a person with a larger head have more brain cells than someone with a smaller head?

Posted: 17 Aug 2020 03:13 AM PDT

Are there ever new suns? Do all suns that will ever exist already exist?

Posted: 16 Aug 2020 11:04 AM PDT

If we gather all the living and collectable dead people's DNA, can scientists determine the movement and origins of people and tribes and reconstruct their faces in different times?

Posted: 17 Aug 2020 01:37 AM PDT

How can a "dominant" allele mutation, such as that causing Von-Hippel-Lindau, be considered "2-hit"? Shouldn't 1 suffice? Needing both alleles mutated should mean it's recessive, no?

Posted: 16 Aug 2020 09:31 PM PDT

Edit: Sorry about the double post, thought this one got deleted.

submitted by /u/styrrell14
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What is agreeableness in the Big 5, really?

Posted: 17 Aug 2020 04:08 AM PDT

I took a personality test some time ago, and my results were described as kind of stereotypical nerd -- high in openness and low in agreeableness.

Agreeableness was explained to me at that time as a willingness to "go along to get along," which I don't really have much of, seeking solutions to problems more than social unity. Still, people generally seem to think that think I'm sympathetic and try to view disagreements from all viewpoints. I'm generally considered a serious team player, if a bit of a curmudgeon. I've been leading teams for a couple of decades now.

So I was surprised when, a few years later (now), I tried to look up the Big 5 out of curiosity and find all manner of definitions of agreeableness, many of which seem to pit it as selflessness on a spectrum opposite selfishness. Others paint it as concern about your own feelings vs others during disagreements. (In this one, where's concern for truth or the best solution?) But again, there doesn't seem to be any elevator pitch for agreeableness that major psychology sites agree on.

So what is it, really?

p.s. If it ends up being selfishness, I'm definitely taking my personality profile off my CV. Haha.

submitted by /u/bodangren2
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Why does Shingrix have a much higher efficacy than Zostavax in preventing herpes zoster outbreaks (>90% vs 50-60%)? Can a vaccine similar to Shingrix be created to prevent herpes simplex outbreaks, given that herpes zoster and herpes simplex are both alphaherpesviruses?

Posted: 16 Aug 2020 01:22 PM PDT

What does the D614G mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus mean for the vaccines which are currently being developed?

Posted: 16 Aug 2020 11:23 AM PDT

How are spectral lines in a CCD image identified?

Posted: 16 Aug 2020 10:38 PM PDT

What kind of references do we normally use to identify spectral lines from a CCD generated spectrum? Also apart from the elemental composition is there any other way to identify if a given spectral line is from the chromospheric or photospheric region of the sun? Thank you.

submitted by /u/pavithiramks
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how do you know exactly where is a fault line?

Posted: 16 Aug 2020 03:02 PM PDT

Following anthropogenic climate change, how will Earth eventually cool down again?

Posted: 16 Aug 2020 02:04 PM PDT

Let's assume the climate will increase by 2 or 3 °C by the year 2100, which is vastly going to change ecosystems all over. And let's assume humans won't figure out a way to store or get rid of the excess greenhouse gases that are heating up the atmosphere (so no carbon capture etc). We know about the tipping points that will heat up the planet even further, but what are the most likely ways that the climate would eventually go back down to a pre-industrial era climate, and how long will it take for that to happen?

submitted by /u/chupanebray
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Are the oils manufactured from phytoestrogen dense plants/seeds full of phytoestrogen or is it removed in the oil making process?

Posted: 16 Aug 2020 09:19 PM PDT

Sunday, August 16, 2020

Do we know whether Covid is actually seasonal?

Do we know whether Covid is actually seasonal?


Do we know whether Covid is actually seasonal?

Posted: 15 Aug 2020 05:30 PM PDT

It seems we are told by some to brace for an epically bad fall. However, this thing slammed the Northeast in spring and ravaged the "hot states" in the middle of summer. It just seems that politics and vested interests are so intertwined here now that it is hard to work out what is going on. I thought I would ask some actual experts if they can spare a few minutes. Thank you.

submitted by /u/drewski_pz
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Did dust from the Sahara fertilize the Amazon 5 or 10 thousand years ago?

Posted: 15 Aug 2020 05:42 PM PDT

So, I've seen a number of documentaries stating that the Sahara supply's millions of tons of dust to the amazon every year, which is a major source of nutrients to the generally poor soil there. What about 5-10 thousand years ago, when the Sahara was much wetter and, presumably, much less of a source of dust. Was there another source of nutrients? Was the amazon different then, and didn't need the fertilizer? Do we actually have any idea how it worked that long ago?

submitted by /u/jhudsonj
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How exactly do diuretics work? What about them causes your body to release more water than it normally would?

Posted: 15 Aug 2020 08:10 PM PDT

I know that sometimes they are prescribed for certain conditions, but what makes "normal" beverages such as coffee, tea, or alcohol a diuretic? Is there a particular chemical that the body responds to?

Edit: grammar

submitted by /u/ace_at_none
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How exactly does a machine replicate a specific sound?

Posted: 15 Aug 2020 07:42 PM PDT

I may not be wording this entirely correct, but what I am trying to ask is how can a computer or any storage medium for audio incode what the audio sounds like. I understand the physics and computer science and engineering principles behind the parts of a recording and Playback device including how a computer breaks down in stores the information; the frequency etc. However how does it play and store the exact instruments and sound? An answer and/or place to read more on this would be of great help.

submitted by /u/-architectus-
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What exactly makes a beverage diuretic?

Posted: 15 Aug 2020 10:47 PM PDT

Is there a specific chemical? How do diuretics prompt the body to release more water than it naturally would?

submitted by /u/ace_at_none
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Does global warming have an effect on the frequency of earthquakes in the world?

Posted: 15 Aug 2020 09:48 AM PDT

I know global warming has an effect on other natural disasters like hurricanes, lethal heat waves, and snow storms, as well as landslides and droughts. But does it have an effect on the frequency of earthquakes in the world?

submitted by /u/MalleableBee1
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Did SARS survivors recover better from COVID-19 compared with those who didn't had SARS?

Posted: 15 Aug 2020 09:11 AM PDT

I heard that the virus causing them are genetically similar. Does being sick with SARS before help in immune system response against COVID-19?

submitted by /u/schrodingerscat15
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Has the COVID pandemic had any effect at all on the environment?

Posted: 15 Aug 2020 07:24 PM PDT

Last March it seemed that once people stopped driving cars and shut down factories, we began to see satellite images of areas in China and Europe where smog was clearing and air quality was improving. Now it seems the arctic ice sheet is melting and the glaciers in Greenland are going extinct. Has the reduction of human activity around the world had any noticeable impact on the planet?

submitted by /u/2batdad2
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How do space shuttles land back on Earth?

Posted: 15 Aug 2020 11:46 AM PDT

Saturday, August 15, 2020

Does clinical depression affect intelligence/IQ measures? Does it have any affect on the ability to learn?

Does clinical depression affect intelligence/IQ measures? Does it have any affect on the ability to learn?


Does clinical depression affect intelligence/IQ measures? Does it have any affect on the ability to learn?

Posted: 14 Aug 2020 11:41 PM PDT

Edit: I am clinically depressed and was curious

submitted by /u/Fractaldecay1
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How has chemotherapy evolved in the last 20 years? Is it more effective and does it have fewer side effects / discomforts than before?

Posted: 15 Aug 2020 01:56 AM PDT

Why do COVID-19 deaths go up and down on a weekly cycle?

Posted: 15 Aug 2020 03:38 AM PDT

(Reposting because it took the mods 2 days to approve and was lost from view by then)

It looks odd to me that COVID-19 deaths seem to increase and decrease on a weekly cycle. There is an upward or downward trend of course, but the cycle still remains.

See for example: https://ycharts.com/indicators/us_coronavirus_deaths_per_day

I can think of reasons why this would happen, for example it could be that doctors work less on weekends and something they are doing is killing the patients more during the week.

Or it could be that on the weekends infected children go visit the grandparents and get them infected, and they reliably die a certain number of days afterwards.

Reporting differences on weekends are quoted as a reason, but would deaths really go unreported for days? And the lowest death rate per week is usually but not always on a weekend day.

Does anyone have a definitive answer or even a really good hypothesis about why we see this cycling in the death rate?

submitted by /u/Whybecauseoh
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Why are there so many small tightly packed lakes in the very north of Alaska?

Posted: 14 Aug 2020 10:48 PM PDT

It is very clear to see on google earth/google maps but when I look up "northern alaska lakes" nothing comes up discussing what seems to be, to me at least, an interesting geographic phenomenon.

https://i.redd.it/38ad6x64c9931.png

submitted by /u/KnightCyber
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do different regions have different "types" of lightning? i.e. is the lightning seen in Kansas "different" from the lightning you might see in Texas? are certain kinds of lightning rarer than other kinds?

Posted: 14 Aug 2020 02:10 PM PDT

How long did non-avian dinosaurs survive after the asteroid hit?

Posted: 14 Aug 2020 01:51 PM PDT

I'm sorry if this is worded poorly, but I'm wondering how long the non-avian dinosaurs survived after the initial impact. Were they gone within a few days, or were there small populations that stuck around for a few years?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/Dietznerd
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How do our ears know something is in the front or in the back ?

Posted: 14 Aug 2020 02:57 PM PDT

Left or right is easy it's louder on one side but how do we know the other things ? Front, back, up, down, far, close ? They are just two holes on the left and right why are we able to tell so precisely where something is just by hearing?

submitted by /u/milan_fri
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What happens if a whale or dolphin accidentally inhales a significant amount of water into their blowhole?

Posted: 14 Aug 2020 12:52 PM PDT

If the air we breathe is made up of oxygen and nitrogen, why don’t all those molecules combine naturally to form nitrous oxide?

Posted: 14 Aug 2020 09:43 AM PDT

Can spiders retract their webs?

Posted: 14 Aug 2020 02:52 PM PDT

I've been watching a spider grow in the corner of my kitchen door for a couple of months, he had a nice little web that covered the corner.

Yesterday, I noticed the web had lost some of its structure and was covered in what looked like dust and then today, the spider is tucked into the corner of the room and the web is completely gone!

Did it disintegrate or are they able to reuse it somehow?

submitted by /u/ConduciveMammal
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Since tectonic plates colliding form mountains, why aren't there mountains everywhere plates border?

Posted: 14 Aug 2020 04:03 PM PDT

How does temperature affect the way we taste food and drinks?

Posted: 14 Aug 2020 10:26 AM PDT

For example, how do humans find hot/warm water tasting bad but if it's room temperature or cold then it "tastes good"?

submitted by /u/anon462842
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Why was the Large Hadron Collider built so far underground?

Posted: 14 Aug 2020 10:08 AM PDT

Wikipedia says its depth ranges from 50 to 175 meters. Why not 10 meters deep? Why not above ground?

submitted by /u/slatey
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Why does it seem that there’s more and more people allergic to more things?

Posted: 14 Aug 2020 07:38 AM PDT

Title sums it up. I think I may have developed a mild allergy to some types of nuts, and I'm gonna try to get a test soon through the NHS, but I'm wondering why I have developed one, when I eat nuts quite often (mainly peanuts).

Is there any way of building tolerance to this that is documented or was attempted before? Also, I'm wondering whether the 'hygiene hypothesis' is still a valid hypothesis, because I can say for sure that I do wash my hands far too often.

submitted by /u/LuckyYouFY2
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What decides the speed of a wave in the ocean?

Posted: 14 Aug 2020 08:26 AM PDT

What decides the speed of an ocean wave and how fast do they tend to be?

submitted by /u/HPHandcraft
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When talking about endangered species, there's usually a number given approximating how many animals live in the wild. How is this number estimated?

Posted: 14 Aug 2020 10:14 AM PDT

Are the Nile and Amazon rivers the same ancient river? If so, what's that mean exactly?

Posted: 14 Aug 2020 08:36 PM PDT

I've heard that something about the underlying geography of the Congo and the Amazon is what makes them "destined" to be rivers, and that they were the same river at one point, when these continents were together as one. How likely is this theory?

And why is it that these rivers would remain rivers as the continent drifts away? (And I think the theory goes that one had to reverse direction.) Why wouldn't the drifting continent just "roll over" the river and make a new river or no river at all?

Edit: Sorry, meant Congo River, not the Nile.

submitted by /u/MoronicFrog
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Friday, August 14, 2020

From the interior of the International Space Station, would you be aware you are in constant motion? Are things relatively static or do they shudder and shake like a train cabin might?

From the interior of the International Space Station, would you be aware you are in constant motion? Are things relatively static or do they shudder and shake like a train cabin might?


From the interior of the International Space Station, would you be aware you are in constant motion? Are things relatively static or do they shudder and shake like a train cabin might?

Posted: 13 Aug 2020 08:49 PM PDT

AskScience AMA Series: I am Pablo Sobron, research scientist for SETI Institute and founder of Impossible Sensing. I specialize in remote sensing and robotic exploration of the solar system. AMA!

Posted: 14 Aug 2020 04:00 AM PDT

I have strong interests in robotic space exploration and comparative analogue science - the study of places on Earth that are similar to environments on other planets and moons. Over the past fifteen years, I've logged 3,000+ field work hours all over the world, including work in the Arctic, Antarctic, and desert environments, where I've tested and performed scientific investigations with multiple prototypes of planetary exploration instruments on board European Space Agency, Canadian Space Agency, and NASA missions. Some of the technologies developed by my team include one of the world's most advanced ocean exploration platforms in NASA's toolbox, an underwater robot to explore extraterrestrial oceans, and the most sensitive laser Raman spectroscopy sensor currently under development for NASA, a first in class instrument that can detect traces of extinct and extant life in planetary surfaces.

I will be on at 11am PDT (2 PM ET, 18 UT), AMA!

Username: setiinstitute

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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How did people do spacewalks from these small crew capsules without losing their air?

Posted: 14 Aug 2020 03:58 AM PDT

At the time where people started to go to space they made these small spacewalks from the crew capsules but how did they do that? I think they needed some kind of airlock so they don't lose their air but how does an airlock fit inside these small capsules? Or did they just had a tank of air to fill the vacuum after the spacewalk?

I'm sorry if my sentences sound wierd. English is not my first language but I hope you understand what I mean. Understanding it is easier than writing. I also didn't know what flair to use for my question because there was none for spaceflight or something similar so I just used the Physics one

submitted by /u/Maru_Amoriani
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Do square roots follow this rule?

Posted: 13 Aug 2020 08:26 PM PDT

Based on observation, it seems to me that the square root of any positive integer is always either another positive integer or is irrational. Is this true? Has it been proven? Is there a simple explanation for understanding why it is true (or not).

submitted by /u/mspe1960
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How is CO2 so significant?

Posted: 14 Aug 2020 03:47 AM PDT

I do believe in global warming and that it is caused by CO2 emissions. But I happened to get into a word dispute with some climate skeptics, and they laid forth this argument I will share here: Water vapor already reflects and scatters 100 % of the infrared wavelength that CO2 reflects and scatters 100 % in, that water already is a much more effective greenhouse gas and that it also is 40 times more potent. So, easy put, water already reflects the infrared radiation that CO2 would reflect. So I wonder what makes CO2 so significant, how does it matter when water vapor already does what CO2 is supposed to do? What makes CO2 more significant than water vapor?

submitted by /u/ChrisCalrissian
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What separates the nerves of the glans of a penis from any other nerve?

Posted: 14 Aug 2020 05:45 AM PDT

I was thinking about this the other day while browsing some extra curricular sites - and it got me thinking: Why does the penis feel good in comparison to something more innocuous, like say - the nerves on someone's chest.

Is this an assigned quality of that particular nerve - or all nerves born equal, but with varied sensitivity? Like is there some kind of construction foreman during fetal development who's directing things and dictates 'Ok.. that's the penis - feel good nerves here!' And if that is the case, could it be theoretically possible to duplicate these nerves and wire them elsewhere?

It would be nice to be able to trigger orgasms by doing something more discrete, like scratching my arm or something.

submitted by /u/Heydude007
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Why do colds and the flu spike in winter?

Posted: 14 Aug 2020 05:03 AM PDT

I would assume that warmer weather would be great for viruses and bacteria however the peaks sick season is in winter. Why is this? Thanks

submitted by /u/exit32b
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Why are Archaea so hard to cultivate in the lab?

Posted: 14 Aug 2020 06:25 AM PDT

I find the archaea very fascinating, being a whole different domain of prokaryotes and possibly being the ancestor of eukaryotes.

One thing that is apparent from my casual reading though is that compared to bacteria we know very little about the archaea. Some of that seems to come from a combination of them only being 'discovered' four decades ago and having less impetus to study them (e.g. since they're not pathogens of humans).

But something that seems to come up often is that a lot of archaea are poorly documented because they cannot be cultivated the way most bacterial can. Why is that? Sure, some are extremophiles but it can't be that hard to sustain an artificial high pressure/acid/temperature/whatever environment. And it seems an increasing number of them are being discovered in non-extreme conditions like the ocean. So, what is the reason behind the cultivation of archaea being such a lagging field? What sort of obstacles need to be overcome?

submitted by /u/General_Urist
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What does the ISS do during meteor showers?

Posted: 14 Aug 2020 05:51 AM PDT

I was watching the Perseids the other day and was blown away. Some of the meteors streaked across as much as 20-30% of the sky and some left long visible trails, which I imagine means they were probably quite big.

How does the ISS avoid disaster when we move through these debris fields?

submitted by /u/ObscureAlias
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How long does it take for every cell of an organism to die after brain-death?

Posted: 14 Aug 2020 04:12 AM PDT

I know there are extreme cases where an organism either has no brain or can function for a long time without one.

What I mean is, for an example, how long would it take for complete cell death in humans after decapitation?

submitted by /u/Fourier-Mukai
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Why does Kerosene (No. 1 Diesel) ignite but No. 2 Diesel Fuel has to be atomized first?

Posted: 14 Aug 2020 01:37 AM PDT

Why are space walks so hard?

Posted: 13 Aug 2020 05:57 PM PDT

How does the air inside of a tire (or other rotating body) behave? Are different zones of air pressure created throughout the tire, or does the air remain evenly spaced?

Posted: 13 Aug 2020 12:42 PM PDT

What is near-field light and how does it allow microscopes to see things smaller than the light wavelength?

Posted: 13 Aug 2020 08:22 AM PDT

How do scientists know whether the covid vaccine actually works? Can't they simulate the results before they inject it to people?

Posted: 13 Aug 2020 10:36 AM PDT

Can antibodies be transferred through sexual contact?

Posted: 13 Aug 2020 12:25 PM PDT

I had COVID19 months ago (March) and tested positive for the antibodies (May). My boyfriend just tested positive for antibodies even though he never had any symptoms. We had zero contact while I was sick (and for a while after). I will ask him which test it was to check sensitivity/specificity levels, to see what the likelihood of a false positive is. Until I can do that, I'd like to know if I could have transmitted antibodies to him through sexual contact.

submitted by /u/multiple_instruments
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