AskScience AMA Series: We are the NASA New Horizons team, here to answer your questions about the New Horizons spacecraft, parallax imaging, deep space exploration and what we learned at Pluto. Ask us anything!

---

• AskScience AMA Series: We are the NASA New Horizons team, here to answer your questions about the New Horizons spacecraft, parallax imaging, deep space exploration and what we learned at Pluto. Ask us anything!
• What exactly is Voltage?
• How "thick" are lagrangian points?
• How come vaccines don’t pass from mother to child?
• Why and how do we get moles?
• Is it possible to catch more that one virus in the same time?
• Is it true that most seasonal flu start from Eastern countries and moves first to Europe and then to America? If yes, why?
• Lighting a fire on jupiter?
• Does animals trick other animals with fake cries?
• As an enveloped virus, why can COVID-19 survive on surfaces for so long? From my understanding enveloped viruses must stay wet to remain infectious and are sensitive to environmental changes
• Why are bubbles perfectly round?
• What Causes Distortion to the Shape of Stars?
• What is the current, up-to-date recommendations regarding wearing face masks? Do they protect the wearer against catching COVID-19?
• Are mini nukes possible?
• Does past exposure to viruses impact the ability to fight a new virus?
• I’m a chemist so I should know the answer to this question but I don’t. Why is Technicium a synthetic radioactive while the two elements above it on the periodic table (Manganese and Rhenium) are naturally occurring elements?

AskScience AMA Series: We are the NASA New Horizons team, here to answer your questions about the New Horizons spacecraft, parallax imaging, deep space exploration and what we learned at Pluto. Ask us anything! Posted: 12 Jun 2020 04:00 AM PDT Join us at today at 1 p.m. ET (17 UT) to ask anything about NASA's New Horizons mission! In July 2015, New Horizons became the first spacecraft to explore Pluto and its moons. Recently, the spacecraft - which is more than four billion miles from home and speeding toward interstellar space - took images of the stars Proxima Centauri and Wolf 359 from its unique vantage point in deep space. Scientists combined these images with pictures of the same stars taken near the same time from Earth, creating stereo images that instantly demonstrate the parallax effect astronomers have long used to measure distances to stars. New Horizons is humankind's farthest photographer, imaging an alien sky. Why does New Horizons "see" these stars in a different place in the sky than on Earth? How are these images sent back from New Horizons? How long does it take the team on the ground to send commands to the spacecraft? Where is New Horizons headed next? Proof! Participants: Alan Stern, New Horizons principal investigator, Southwest Research Institute Helene Winters, New Horizons project scientist, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory Tod Lauer, New Horizons science team member, National Science Foundation's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory Anne Verbiscer, New Horizons science team member, University of Virginia Brian May, New Horizons contributing scientist, astrophysicist, Queen guitarist Username: NASA submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator [link] [comments]

What exactly is Voltage? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 07:21 PM PDT Everytime I ask this question or see it asked, I always see people comparing Voltage to a ball on a hill or water flowing down stream but those are just analogies. I haven't really gotten an answer as to why that happens. Like, do electrons flow from one point to another by some unexplainable law/rule of the universe or fundamental property? Like how gravity "just is" or how electrons have some sort of charge/energy because "that's just how it is". Why is it that when there is a potential difference, electrons move from one point to another? What is the technical/scientific answer to this phenomenon? submitted by /u/TotalBuzzard727 [link] [comments]

How "thick" are lagrangian points? Posted: 12 Jun 2020 04:25 AM PDT submitted by /u/arvyy [link] [comments]

How come vaccines don’t pass from mother to child? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 08:02 PM PDT If they share the same blood before birth, which I'm 90% sure they do, wouldn't their immune system keep information from when the mother got vaccinated? submitted by /u/BlueMarinez [link] [comments]

Why and how do we get moles? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 11:09 PM PDT submitted by /u/Pinknoodel [link] [comments]

Is it possible to catch more that one virus in the same time? Posted: 12 Jun 2020 06:40 AM PDT submitted by /u/zaxyepomme [link] [comments]

Is it true that most seasonal flu start from Eastern countries and moves first to Europe and then to America? If yes, why? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 10:49 PM PDT submitted by /u/giorgio1978 [link] [comments]

Lighting a fire on jupiter? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 02:09 PM PDT So in past forums of this question, "if you lit a flame on Jupiter, would it cause a massive fire/would Jupiter ignite or would there be a large fire at least", the responses have always been that nothing would happen because jupiter doesn't have oxygen to support a flame. However, from what I can see reading around, it seems like there is oxygen on Jupiter. Albeit a lot less than hydrogen, but in similar amounts to a lot of the other gasses ( https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0032063302001447?via%3Dihub ). Is there just not enough oxygen to really cause a big fire? submitted by /u/Starossi [link] [comments]

Does animals trick other animals with fake cries? Posted: 12 Jun 2020 06:02 AM PDT Many species use special cries to alert about danger. Are there animals that 'cry wolf', that give false alarms? If so, why? Does the other animals develop disbelief? submitted by /u/Lokipath [link] [comments]

As an enveloped virus, why can COVID-19 survive on surfaces for so long? From my understanding enveloped viruses must stay wet to remain infectious and are sensitive to environmental changes Posted: 12 Jun 2020 05:43 AM PDT submitted by /u/giingey [link] [comments]

Why are bubbles perfectly round? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 09:56 PM PDT submitted by /u/issablurrsir [link] [comments]

What Causes Distortion to the Shape of Stars? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 11:17 PM PDT Source Given their proximity, the red dwarf star's gravitational pull actually distorts the pulsations of the larger star. This causes the larger star to be distorted into more of a teardrop shape, rather than the usual sphere. The excerpt from the article that intrigued me. Shouldn't the shape of the Red Dwarf be distorted too, considering the "larger" star has more mass than the Red Dwarf? I initially thought it was a question of "density" but later read that if the Sun were replaced by a Black Hole of the same mass, then nothing would change in the Solar System, in terms of orbit and otherwise. So if density is out of the equation, considering the Black Hole example, and the larger star is more massive, shouldn't the distortion also occur in the shape of the Red Dwarf? submitted by /u/thehariharan [link] [comments]

What is the current, up-to-date recommendations regarding wearing face masks? Do they protect the wearer against catching COVID-19? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 11:27 AM PDT There has been a lot of conflicting information in the media and literature regarding face masks protecting against COVID-19. I live in Canada for reference and our Chief Medical Officer at first actually advised against face masks because they were not effective against the virus. Then they said to wear them if it gives you some psychological comfort. Then they started explicitly recommending them in cases where physical distancing is not possible. Now they're making them mandatory on public transit. What gives? I've heard that masks apparently protect you from spreading the virus but does not protect you from catching it. But I've also read that it gives you some, but not full protection. But some is better than nothing, right? So what is the true answer? submitted by /u/FeelThisMoment [link] [comments]

Are mini nukes possible? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 09:01 PM PDT What would tiny nukes look like? Are they feasible? How much damage would they do? submitted by /u/Majestic_Unicorn_86 [link] [comments]

Does past exposure to viruses impact the ability to fight a new virus? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 07:15 PM PDT Does the body's prior immunity and history of fighting previously encountered viruses have an affect on a person's ability to fight a newly encountered virus? Or is viral immunity built on an independent, one to one basis? In other words, can past exposure and immunity increase a person's ability to fight other viral infections? Does the answer hold true for other pathogens? submitted by /u/StandingBuffalo [link] [comments]

I’m a chemist so I should know the answer to this question but I don’t. Why is Technicium a synthetic radioactive while the two elements above it on the periodic table (Manganese and Rhenium) are naturally occurring elements? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 10:21 AM PDT submitted by /u/parodg15 [link] [comments]

You are subscribed to email updates from AskScience: Got Questions? Get Answers.. To stop receiving these emails, you may unsubscribe now.	Email delivery powered by Google
Google, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States

Why can't white blood cells (B-cells) be stirred-up in vitro with a virus and the antibodies harvested? Why must the antibody response happen in the body?

---

• Why can't white blood cells (B-cells) be stirred-up in vitro with a virus and the antibodies harvested? Why must the antibody response happen in the body?
• Does your blood type influence how sick will you get with the common cold?
• How do companies get the viruses for vaccines?
• Is it possible to have PTSD for something that never happened ? Like when our brain creates false memories ?
• Is it possible for a digital file to be corrupted by excessive copying? If so, how many times must a file be copied before the copies become unreadable?
• When people forge metal and parts flake off, what's actually happening to the metal?
• Why can't we throw lightweight things very far away?
• Why do lung transplant patients have a poorer long-term outlook than other organ recipients? Do we know what causes this?
• How do people die from hypothermia? Why can't your body stand to low temperatures?
• How do birds spot food? Specifically how do they find seeds that have been scattered or in a bird feeder? [Zoology]
• Do any other animals with physiology that permits apply pressure to wounds instinctually as we do?
• Why do African American men seem to with prostate cancer experience a faster transition to metastasis then other races?
• How to get a Lagrangian when there are constraint forces that do work?
• Why are orbits of planets stable over billions of years? How do they not go into the sun or slowly drift away?
• Why are some boobs saggy and some boobs perky, assuming they are the same size?
• Is there a system that controls where the blood flows in the brain?
• Multiple ponds and lakes have been around for 100s if not 1000s of years, sediment goes into them every rainfall, how can they stay there so long and not fill in?
• How loud would a nuclear explosion be?
• How do I know which restriction enzyme to use?
• Do (urban) magpies have a special call to warn about predators?
• Do both granules and lysosomes fuse to the phagosome during phagocytosis?
• Why do orange skins dry out so quickly after peeling them?
• Why is it when we get food and drinks from a restaurant, we already get really full when drinking the drink first?

Why can't white blood cells (B-cells) be stirred-up in vitro with a virus and the antibodies harvested? Why must the antibody response happen in the body? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 01:47 AM PDT submitted by /u/lets_try_again_again [link] [comments]

Does your blood type influence how sick will you get with the common cold? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 05:21 AM PDT I have read an article stating that people with A blood type tend (on average) get more sick with COVID19 than people with O type blood. I wonder if the same applies to other types of coronaviruses. Do I also tend to have a worse time with common cold if I have A type blood? submitted by /u/frostwarrior [link] [comments]

How do companies get the viruses for vaccines? Posted: 10 Jun 2020 06:40 PM PDT Like do they farm it? submitted by /u/thegainster1 [link] [comments]

Is it possible to have PTSD for something that never happened ? Like when our brain creates false memories ? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 07:52 AM PDT submitted by /u/Slayzf [link] [comments]

Is it possible for a digital file to be corrupted by excessive copying? If so, how many times must a file be copied before the copies become unreadable? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 08:00 AM PDT submitted by /u/Chanzy94 [link] [comments]

When people forge metal and parts flake off, what's actually happening to the metal? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 06:04 AM PDT Are the flakes impurities? Or is it lost material? And why is it coming off in flakes? submitted by /u/mikevee78 [link] [comments]

Why can't we throw lightweight things very far away? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 06:30 AM PDT I never understood why I can throw an apple very far away but not a piece of cotton. It's lighter so I should be able to make it reach higher speeds with less force. But if something is too heavy I can't throw it far away either. Is there a soft spot for weight? submitted by /u/tony_saufcok [link] [comments]

Why do lung transplant patients have a poorer long-term outlook than other organ recipients? Do we know what causes this? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 08:35 AM PDT submitted by /u/rabidbasher [link] [comments]

How do people die from hypothermia? Why can't your body stand to low temperatures? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 07:17 AM PDT submitted by /u/Hanianips [link] [comments]

How do birds spot food? Specifically how do they find seeds that have been scattered or in a bird feeder? [Zoology] Posted: 11 Jun 2020 08:16 AM PDT Has scavenging for seeds from bird feeders or spotting free seeds on the ground been conditioned in to the avian population or is there some natural behavior this stems from? submitted by /u/c0loredaardvark [link] [comments]

Do any other animals with physiology that permits apply pressure to wounds instinctually as we do? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 08:14 AM PDT I just got done watching a guy crowbar himself in the noggin and it struck me (I went there) that people have a natural and rapid reaction to apply pressure to a wound which got me thinking whether this is a uniquely human trait. I realise I may have incorrectly assumed that this reaction is instinctual rather than learned. I suppose it's probably limited to primates in general if it exists at all in other species. I just found it interesting because it's an extremely specific adaptation. Unlike having a reaction to intense heat to withdraw a limb, which any animal can do, it requires having the physiology and dexterity before the adaptation becomes advantageous. submitted by /u/dazb84 [link] [comments]

Why do African American men seem to with prostate cancer experience a faster transition to metastasis then other races? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 08:13 AM PDT submitted by /u/nowlan101 [link] [comments]

How to get a Lagrangian when there are constraint forces that do work? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 08:00 AM PDT Say you have a spring-mass system that has a rest length of 0 and is confined to a rod that rotates at a fixed angular frequency w. The constraint force that keeps it rotating at the fixed frequency does work when the radius changes, yet Newton's law for the radial component of motion gives the same equation as the usual T-V Lagrangian written in polar coordinates (assuming phi-dot is constant). But, I thought this Lagrangian only works when constraint forces don't do work - what's going on here? submitted by /u/Platyturtle [link] [comments]

Why are orbits of planets stable over billions of years? How do they not go into the sun or slowly drift away? Posted: 10 Jun 2020 05:47 PM PDT As I understand it, the early Earth was struck by a Mars sized object creating the Moon. I feel like that's close enough in size to at least change Earth's orbit by some appreciable degree depending on how fast the impact. How does Earth stay in stable orbit after that? submitted by /u/Darkside_of_the_Poon [link] [comments]

Why are some boobs saggy and some boobs perky, assuming they are the same size? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 07:42 AM PDT submitted by /u/PM-ME-A-CONFESSION- [link] [comments]

Is there a system that controls where the blood flows in the brain? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 07:04 AM PDT Hi all, Is there a system in the brain that controls how much blood each zone gets in the brain. Let's say, your sitting down, listening and talking, does your muscle control system gets less blood than the language processing part? If so what system controls this? Thanks submitted by /u/DenUil [link] [comments]

Multiple ponds and lakes have been around for 100s if not 1000s of years, sediment goes into them every rainfall, how can they stay there so long and not fill in? Posted: 10 Jun 2020 05:32 PM PDT submitted by /u/Spider4Hire [link] [comments]

How loud would a nuclear explosion be? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 12:26 AM PDT Question in the title. What would you actually hear? Also, would you perceive the shockwave as sound? Would it deafen you at a certain distance? submitted by /u/Sheldockielli [link] [comments]

How do I know which restriction enzyme to use? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 06:04 AM PDT https://ibb.co/D5cyYKc ​ I attached an image^^ submitted by /u/stoicbirds9 [link] [comments]

Do (urban) magpies have a special call to warn about predators? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 02:17 AM PDT Context: I spend a lot of time on my balcony so I am constantly paying attention to the environment around me. There are lots of magpies that I usually notice only visually until yesterday when I heard a song that I couldn't recognize. I looked under the tree they were sitting and there was a cat (common known urban predator for birds) and 3-4 magpies were having the same loud call (that sounded rather alarming) and were following the cat (flying from tree to tree while issuing the same call). As soon as the cat disappeared and ran behind bushes (probably out of sight for them) the call stopped. I normally don't see cats roaming free on the street so I am pretty sure the magpies were trying to warn their fellas about it. Can anyone tell me more about this subject or am I just getting crazy for listening too much to birds and their songs? 😅 submitted by /u/blacktulipsarefine [link] [comments]

Do both granules and lysosomes fuse to the phagosome during phagocytosis? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 05:32 AM PDT submitted by /u/Enernine [link] [comments]

Why do orange skins dry out so quickly after peeling them? Posted: 10 Jun 2020 11:44 PM PDT I was just noticing the oranges I've had for about a week or two - at the time I'm peeling them they're fleshy and soft, but after being peeled they'll dry out completely within a day or so. I'm sure there's some moisture transfer going on but it's not very apparent to me what the mechanism is. Is the skin of the orange attached to the fruit juices in some way? Or are there living cells in the orange rind that die once peeled? submitted by /u/thedailynathan [link] [comments]

Why is it when we get food and drinks from a restaurant, we already get really full when drinking the drink first? Posted: 11 Jun 2020 06:32 AM PDT submitted by /u/ImTheGodOfAdvice [link] [comments]

You are subscribed to email updates from AskScience: Got Questions? Get Answers.. To stop receiving these emails, you may unsubscribe now.	Email delivery powered by Google
Google, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States

Is it possible that someone can have a weak enough immune system that the defective virus in a vaccine can turn into the full fledge virus?

---

• Is it possible that someone can have a weak enough immune system that the defective virus in a vaccine can turn into the full fledge virus?
• What the hell did I see?
• How would two planets share a moon?
• When light goes from a vacuum, into water, then back to a vacuum. At what speed is it now traveling ?
• Why cant scientists create life in the lab by copying and recreating an extremely simple organism like a bacteriophage?
• Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology
• How are viruses weakened for live vaccines?
• Is it possible to build off of an already exsisting vaccine to create a vaccine for a new strain of a virus?
• Has herd immunity ever been achieved without a vaccine?
• How does a cell build a copy of a virus?
• I read that Cockroft and Walton split the atom by bombarding Lithium with accelerated protons, producing an end result of alpha particles. Given the result of charged particles, could it be used as an energy source for electricity? If not, why not?
• Questions about evanescent fields?
• What role Quantum Tunneling takes in process of Alpha Decay and in the half-life of unstable atoms?

Is it possible that someone can have a weak enough immune system that the defective virus in a vaccine can turn into the full fledge virus? Posted: 09 Jun 2020 01:56 PM PDT submitted by /u/johnduhglon [link] [comments]

What the hell did I see? Posted: 10 Jun 2020 06:28 AM PDT So Saturday night the family and I were outside looking at the stars, watching satellites, looking for meteors, etc. At around 10:00-10:15 CDT we watched at least 50 'satellites' go overhead all in the same line and evenly spaced about every four or five seconds. submitted by /u/Dweezil83 [link] [comments]

How would two planets share a moon? Posted: 10 Jun 2020 06:20 AM PDT I've created a solar system for a story but need help with logistics of how the planets would interact. Questions welcome. submitted by /u/Sweetdee11 [link] [comments]

When light goes from a vacuum, into water, then back to a vacuum. At what speed is it now traveling ? Posted: 10 Jun 2020 05:25 AM PDT Is it traveling at the speed of light through water? Or, is it back up to the speed of light in a vacuum? If so where does it get that energy boost from? submitted by /u/Dbgb4 [link] [comments]

Why cant scientists create life in the lab by copying and recreating an extremely simple organism like a bacteriophage? Posted: 10 Jun 2020 03:19 AM PDT submitted by /u/bhendel [link] [comments]

Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology Posted: 10 Jun 2020 08:09 AM PDT Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...". Asking Questions: Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions. The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists. Answering Questions: Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience. If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here. Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here. Ask away! submitted by /u/AutoModerator [link] [comments]

How are viruses weakened for live vaccines? Posted: 09 Jun 2020 06:40 PM PDT submitted by /u/shimmyshimmyshoes [link] [comments]

Is it possible to build off of an already exsisting vaccine to create a vaccine for a new strain of a virus? Posted: 09 Jun 2020 11:46 PM PDT I'm doing a project in my science class involving disease outbreak. The scenario is as follows: "An Influenza Virus was released from an ancient tomb in the arctic when the permafrost melted due to climate change. Only those whose families have lived in the area for thousands of years are immune. After spreading slowly at first, once it reached cities, this Ancient Influenza became the most deadly of all the influenza strains that humans have ever seen." I'm supposed to come up with a plan to deal with the virus, so, I was wondering if it's possible to create a vaccine for a new strain of a virus that already has a vaccine? And if so, would it make the process of finding a vaccine any slower or faster? If anyone has any insight, i would really appreciate it! Thanks! submitted by /u/Ceramicsweetpotato [link] [comments]

Has herd immunity ever been achieved without a vaccine? Posted: 09 Jun 2020 01:33 PM PDT Pretty self explanatory question. Herd immunity was the main argument against the lockdown (mainly by people who don't know what herd immunity is), but was just wondering if it has ever been reached without a vaccine? submitted by /u/Ravo93 [link] [comments]

How does a cell build a copy of a virus? Posted: 09 Jun 2020 01:26 PM PDT Some viruses have complex shapes and weird structural properties. I understand that the virus's RNA codes for everything it needs, but mechanically how is it assembled in a host cell? I know RNA codes for proteins, but beyond that I have no idea how a cell actually builds things, be it a virus or its own internal machinery. submitted by /u/rexxar-tc [link] [comments]

I read that Cockroft and Walton split the atom by bombarding Lithium with accelerated protons, producing an end result of alpha particles. Given the result of charged particles, could it be used as an energy source for electricity? If not, why not? Posted: 09 Jun 2020 11:55 AM PDT submitted by /u/apophis-pegasus [link] [comments]

Questions about evanescent fields? Posted: 09 Jun 2020 10:15 AM PDT 1) Why do evanescent fields actually form. I've got a solid understanding of what they are and everything about them, but do they actually form. The closest answer I've found is because waves cannot be discontinuous as this goes against the laws of conservation of energy and momentum but I don't get how the wave is discontinued and why it's can't just all reflect as it's total internal reflection? 2) If there is another boundary close enough to the first one so the evanescent field doesn't have time to fully decay, it can continue propagating- this is frustrated total internal reflection. What I don't get is that the reason the evanescent fields can't propagate is because the E and M fields are not in phase, so how does another boundary put the fields in phase so they can continue as a propagating wave? submitted by /u/jack-phillip [link] [comments]

What role Quantum Tunneling takes in process of Alpha Decay and in the half-life of unstable atoms? Posted: 09 Jun 2020 11:31 AM PDT submitted by /u/CBG2293 [link] [comments]

You are subscribed to email updates from AskScience: Got Questions? Get Answers.. To stop receiving these emails, you may unsubscribe now.	Email delivery powered by Google
Google, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States