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Friday, March 6, 2020

If somebody loses a lot of blood, how do doctors tell so fast wich blood type the patient has and exactly how much blood was lost/needs to be transfused?

If somebody loses a lot of blood, how do doctors tell so fast wich blood type the patient has and exactly how much blood was lost/needs to be transfused?


If somebody loses a lot of blood, how do doctors tell so fast wich blood type the patient has and exactly how much blood was lost/needs to be transfused?

Posted: 06 Mar 2020 01:29 AM PST

When listening to the radio in a traveling vehicle and then going through a tunnel, and the audio of the song/news turns to static, what is being played through the radio if the signal is lost, as in, what provides the 'static' sound?

Posted: 05 Mar 2020 07:03 PM PST

Thank you everyone for all the informative responses. Much obliged :)

submitted by /u/JamesTheJerk
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What does it mean to say that the Benzene molecule is 126-dimensional?

Posted: 05 Mar 2020 09:54 PM PST

Recently I have read many reports in the news that scientists have finally "figured out" the Benzene molecule and that it was so difficult to do because Benzene is 126-dimensional. What exactly does it mean to say that a molecule, such as Benzene, is (in this case) 126-dimensional?

submitted by /u/akRonkIVXX
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Why does the Earth's crust have different densities? Like how is oceanic crust always more dense than continental crust? Is this a way to determine if a dead planet had an ocean or not?

Posted: 06 Mar 2020 04:22 AM PST

Why do brass instruments go flat in cold air, and sharp in warm air?

Posted: 05 Mar 2020 04:34 PM PST

Shouldn't it be the other way around? Such that cold air makes the metal contract, making the instrument smaller and the pitch go up, and warm air expanding the metal, making the instrument larger and the pitch go down.

submitted by /u/EarthTurtleDerp
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Are oceans caustic and not acidic? Does the pH level ever go below 7.0?

Posted: 06 Mar 2020 04:01 AM PST

Some say elevated levels of carbon dioxide strive to cause seawater to be acidic, is this true?

submitted by /u/Expert6889
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What are the differences between AC and DC, and why does AC last so much for further distances?

Posted: 05 Mar 2020 02:26 PM PST

What is the difference between high energy X-rays and gamma rays?

Posted: 05 Mar 2020 04:17 PM PST

I am familiar with the electromagnetic spectrum and the relationship between energy and wavelength. From my understanding, the only difference between a radio wave and visible light is the energy level of the photon. Same is true (sorta) between X-rays and gamma rays with the exception of where they came from (X-rays from electron cloud and gamma rays from the nucleus). What's confusing me is this; gamma rays are more energetic and therefore potentially more dangerous. But, is this still true when comparing them to very high energy X-rays (MeV)? What is the difference between a high energy X-ray photon and low energy gamma ray photon? Is the only difference their origin?

submitted by /u/BaconFlava
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Do tectonic plate shifts affect railways/roads etc over noticable time?

Posted: 05 Mar 2020 08:47 PM PST

I know the shifts are very slow but can they affect roads specially railway tracks. If so how arey the tracked/checked?

submitted by /u/garam_chai_
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Do bird calls and songs change similar to how our language changes through time?

Posted: 05 Mar 2020 08:37 AM PST

Are neutrino flavor and mass canonically conjugate variables?

Posted: 05 Mar 2020 02:21 PM PST

I've been reading about neutrino oscillations and ran into the fact that the flavor eigenstate can be written as a linear combination of mass eigenstates for the three neutrinos (and vice versa) and the relative frequencies of their evolution dictate the flavor oscillation of the system. In typical oscillators we have position and momentum as canonically conjugate variables.

Is there a similar conjugate variable for neutrino oscillations? Specifically, are neutrino mass eigenstates and flavor eigenstates canonically conjugate?

submitted by /u/MyAltSPDCAcc
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How has the number of species on Earth changed over time?

Posted: 05 Mar 2020 02:09 PM PST

It is obvious that the number of species on Earth would have increased for many millions if not billions of years after the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) but has the number been increasing ever since or did we reach a plateau some time in the past? Is there a time in the past where we think that there was a greater diversity than today (excluding species that have disappeared because of human actions)?

Also, if I is near impossible to accurately predict the amount of species currently alive, how can we estimate the diversity present millions and billions of years ago?

Thanks for your answers

submitted by /u/stormyjin
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How Does Ammonium-Chloride Based Sanitizers Work?

Posted: 05 Mar 2020 01:28 PM PST

I work in the service industry and we're taking extra precautions because of COVID19 to protect customers and employees. What I wanted to know was how Ammonium-Chloride based sanitizers work. What is required for it to act as a sanitizer? Does it need to sit on a surface and dry on its own before viruses / bacteria are made inactive? I know soaps can render the sanitizer inert but I'd like more info if possible. Not sure whether to flair this as biology or as chemistry, so I'll just go with chemistry for now.

submitted by /u/JasonC_EXJW
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If the sky is blue because blue light gets scattered more in the atmosphere, why it is said that the sunset is orange because all the blue light got scattered and is missing? Shouldn't the sky look even more blue then?

Posted: 05 Mar 2020 12:56 PM PST

Do animals have different sounding voices like humans do?

Posted: 05 Mar 2020 05:23 AM PST

What triggers an itchy feeling and what are we doing by scratching the area?

Posted: 04 Mar 2020 10:44 PM PST

Why is Venus hotter than Mercury despite being farther from the sun ?

Posted: 05 Mar 2020 01:18 AM PST

Thursday, March 5, 2020

We are a team of medical experts following COVID-19's progression closely. Ask Us Anything.

We are a team of medical experts following COVID-19's progression closely. Ask Us Anything.


We are a team of medical experts following COVID-19's progression closely. Ask Us Anything.

Posted: 04 Mar 2020 11:15 AM PST

Are lost memories gone forever? Or are they somehow ‘stored’ somewhere in the brain?

Posted: 05 Mar 2020 04:06 AM PST

How does Uranium exist on earth if earth is 4.54 billion years old and the half life of Uranium is 4 billion years?

Posted: 05 Mar 2020 06:14 AM PST

How does dyslexia exhibit itself in non-alphabetical writing systems?

Posted: 05 Mar 2020 12:38 AM PST

Does dyslexia affect different kind of writing systems differently? Is it possible to be dyslexic in one writing system but not in other?

submitted by /u/Surina_Seppo
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Does listening to music with lyrics you don't understand interfere with reading comprehension?

Posted: 04 Mar 2020 06:03 PM PST

I know that listening to music with lyrics in a language you know can interfere with understanding what you're reading. Does this apply if you don't know the language? Like if I only know English but am listening to a song with Japanese lyrics while reading a book will it interfere with my comprehension of what i'm reading? I couldn't find an answer to this on google easily.

submitted by /u/danamelessninja
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Why do stuff like wood and fingernails get soft with water?

Posted: 04 Mar 2020 11:47 PM PST

I think this is physics. Please tell me if im wrong.

submitted by /u/DatOne4Real
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Why can't dead organism be revived if their organs are intact?

Posted: 04 Mar 2020 06:23 PM PST

Does heavy cognitive thinking burn extra calories compared to light brain processing?

Posted: 04 Mar 2020 02:52 PM PST

I'm curious to isolate the work that the brain does and how much calorie burning it undergoes.

I've seen research that said it's negligible, but then I saw this video: https://youtu.be/FTQhojTOCzE

Does anyone have any conclusive ideas about this?

submitted by /u/Hyperbole_Hater
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What is the necessary and sufficient condition for radiation? Time varying currents or Accelerating currents?

Posted: 05 Mar 2020 03:59 AM PST

Do we know how early a growing embryo begins showcasing brain waves?

Posted: 04 Mar 2020 06:10 PM PST

Do microorganisms have a day/night preference?

Posted: 04 Mar 2020 08:17 PM PST

How do animals perceive morality?

Posted: 04 Mar 2020 06:03 PM PST

Mammals raise their kids, and often make great sacrifices for them, and this makes sense biologically, but do animals ever, say, behave truly altruistically? Does a dog trained not to bite humans understand that it is wrong, or does it understand that if it bites humans it will be punished? These questions are just details under the umbrella of the title.

submitted by /u/LilMarx1917
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I've come to understand that there are multiple viruses under the label of "Coronavirus," so what classifies something as a Coronavirus?

Posted: 04 Mar 2020 04:53 PM PST

What mammal has the quickest and/or most myelinated nerves?

Posted: 05 Mar 2020 02:34 AM PST

In my animal physiology class many years ago my professor said that cats had some of the most myelinated (or was it the fastest?) conduction across axons. He then went on about the expression "as quick as a cat" . (I know about Giant Squids having the biggest neurons to try and compensate for not having myelin).

He then later talked about how baseball players have the quickest nerves in humans. I can't find any sources for the baseball statistic or also about cats nerves. Any nerve conduction study's on other animals or also between different athletes?

submitted by /u/StudentMed
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What happens in the cells of wood when burned or scalded?

Posted: 04 Mar 2020 09:01 PM PST

Saw this post and was wondering, what does burning do to the cells? So some wood has large openings and some has really erratic grain structures so does burning/searing cause those to shrink down and become more dense and would that make it uniform? Or does wood act more like oxidizing iron and expand?

Thanks

submitted by /u/serealport
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Sea water is not drinkable for humans due to its high salt content. How sea faring mammals stay hydrated?

Posted: 04 Mar 2020 01:59 PM PST

Our evidence for the big bang theory is Red-Shift , but when I look at galaxies or stars in the sky there are no red tints , so I'm guessing its not visible to the human eye. So how do we see it ?

Posted: 04 Mar 2020 11:47 PM PST

Are there any organic materials that harden over time or when exposed to the air?

Posted: 04 Mar 2020 10:20 PM PST

There's a certain fantasy element I'd like to explain to myself; it's the Nergigante. A fantasy dragon covered in soft white spines that harden and turn black after a short period exposed to the air.

submitted by /u/HuggleKnight
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Is there any organism that survives boiling water?

Posted: 04 Mar 2020 10:34 AM PST

Boiling water is the survival go-to for making water safe before drinking it, but are there microbes, parasites, algae, or any living organism that can survive that process and possibly still pose a threat to the drinker's health?

Assuming there is some type of bacteria that grows on the edge of a volcano or some super heated place like that... is there an organism that lives in a freshwater ecosystem that can survive the extreme temperature change of boiling water?

Thanks for the info!

submitted by /u/WilsonTheVolleyBawl
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What causes apoptosis to occur in cells, and how is it related to regulating the cell cycle?

Posted: 04 Mar 2020 05:44 PM PST

I am learning about the cell cycle and my textbook at school describes what apoptosis is, and how it is basically the cell endings it's life in order to control the organisms growth. But it isn't clear at all about what causes this. I assume this closely related to regulation the cell cycle as that is the what this entire chapter is about. My teacher went over most of the chapter except for this, so thanks in advance to anyone that can help me.

submitted by /u/Osiris706
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What are the actual theoretical maximum speeds of 4G and 5G?

Posted: 04 Mar 2020 05:33 PM PST

No matter how hard I Google, I just come across one contradicting article after the other. 100mbps, 150mbps, 1gbps, all without citations. I'm so annoyed by the lack of scientific explanation for the capabilities of 4G (and 5G, but I feel like that's asking too much)

Can anyone shed light on this for me?

submitted by /u/Workeranon
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How exactly do our bones connect to our nerves so that we can feel pain in them?

Posted: 04 Mar 2020 08:01 PM PST

What is the relationship between opsin, rhodopsin, photopsin, and iodopsin? My sources use these terms interchangeably.

Posted: 04 Mar 2020 04:02 PM PST

I just spent all day trying to reconcile contradictory usage of these terms by different textbooks and online sources. Don't know if there is disagreement among experts, or if am I reading poorly written material. Thanks in advance if someone can clear this up for me.

Some sources use opsin as an umbrella term that includes rhodopsin and photopsin, saying that the retinal is attached to it.

Some sources say that opsin and retinal are subcomponents of the visual pigments (rhodopsin and photopsin).

Some sources use opsin instead of photopsin, ie rods have rhodopsin and cones have opsins

Some sources use iodopsin instead photopsin, whereas some say iodopsin is only found in chicken cones.

Is rhodopsin a combo of opsin and retinal? Is each type of photopsin a combo of opsin and retinal?

submitted by /u/SarahMagical
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Wednesday, March 4, 2020

When I breathe in dust, how does it eventually leave my body?

When I breathe in dust, how does it eventually leave my body?


When I breathe in dust, how does it eventually leave my body?

Posted: 04 Mar 2020 04:42 AM PST

The Nashville tornado of last night followed a similar path to tornadoes in 1998 and 1933. What causes tornadoes to follow similar paths in certain areas, if indeed this is true?

Posted: 03 Mar 2020 05:22 PM PST

Ask Anything Wednesday - Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Posted: 04 Mar 2020 07:08 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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Certain plastics have a scent when heated up (including caesin and bakelite). Why would these scents be unidentifiable after being buried in the ground?

Posted: 03 Mar 2020 07:39 PM PST

I'm an archaeologist working on a 20th century site. We find a decent amount of early plastics, especially in the form of buttons, combs, and other items of personal adornment. The main way of identifying these plastics and synthetics such as caesin, bakelite, vegetable ivory, celluloid, and hard rubber is by scent after being heated. You generally only have to heat them up under hot water or rubbing between your hands - not super hot.

However, this has been impossible to do with plastics we find archaeologically because they all just smell like dirt when heated, even after being well cleaned. Why does being buried in the ground for 70-100 years change the smell of these early plastics?

submitted by /u/archaeob
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What are the benefits of using heavy water (compared to light water) as a neutron moderator in a nuclear reactor and why do they work?

Posted: 04 Mar 2020 05:52 AM PST

E.g. in a CANDU reactor.

submitted by /u/leewvlker
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what prevents the cell from getting too large?

Posted: 03 Mar 2020 07:55 PM PST

is it the surface area to volume ratio gets too big so that the cell doesn't diffuse enough oxygen, or is it that when it gets too large the harmful toxins take longer to diffuse because the distance from the surface is increased?

submitted by /u/alir8203
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Does the Earth gets bigger trough the Seafloor Spraeading ?

Posted: 04 Mar 2020 04:44 AM PST

Today in school we learned sth about plate tectonics and the seafloor spreading. But does the Area of the earth gets bigger because of the Seafloor Spreading ? (srry for my bad English)

submitted by /u/EmReXx5858
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At the time Pangea existed, was the earth's period of rotation stable or perturbed with all the landmass and continental crust on 1 side?

Posted: 03 Mar 2020 11:43 AM PST

Is there a theoretical limit on how long carbon chains can be?

Posted: 03 Mar 2020 09:32 AM PST

If radioactive waste is radioactive, why can't we harness its radioactivity to produce more electricity?

Posted: 03 Mar 2020 11:49 AM PST

Will India eventually be complete turned into a massive mountain because of tectonic plates?

Posted: 03 Mar 2020 11:21 AM PST

Can I crouch faster than gravity?

Posted: 03 Mar 2020 06:39 AM PST

Can I crouch or duck, faster than an object falls, with both feet planted on the ground, and not holding anything?

submitted by /u/nyswagggggggg
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Can knots/overlaps occur between the strands of a b-sheet?

Posted: 03 Mar 2020 01:51 PM PST

I commonly see b-sheets illustrated through simple, linear examples like this one. Would it be possible for the bottom strand to somehow pass between the first two? Would this still be considered a b-sheet?

submitted by /u/jppdan
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Why does soap lose it's bubbles?

Posted: 03 Mar 2020 08:23 AM PST

I'm doing the dishes. The concentration of soap:water doesn't change, just time/agitation of the water due to the washing of dishes. Why do the suds go away? Isn't there the same amount of soap to have bubbles with?

submitted by /u/jennsamx
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How long before landing on the Moon did we know what it's really like there?

Posted: 02 Mar 2020 11:35 PM PST

When did we (as humans) know that it's just a "desert wasteland", and that there is no life there?

submitted by /u/nilsth
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What is the organism with the largest AVERAGE cell volume, excluding single-celled organisms?

Posted: 03 Mar 2020 10:35 AM PST

I'm not looking for an answer the internet gives you like "ah yes the whale shark egg cell" or "check out this big egg-looking single celled fungus." Boring. I want to know which multicellular organism, if I took a tissue sample, has the largest average cellular volume. Basically which organisms, if viewed under a microscope, would require the least magnification to make out individual cells.

I'm aware that generally, organisms have shockingly similar cell sizes. Despite that, this question still seems like it would have a satisfying answer.

submitted by /u/Skyoats
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