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Tuesday, March 3, 2020

When I turn on the rear defroster in my car I hear the engine RPM drop. Does increasing the demand on a generator increase the force needed to rotate it? If so, how?

When I turn on the rear defroster in my car I hear the engine RPM drop. Does increasing the demand on a generator increase the force needed to rotate it? If so, how?


When I turn on the rear defroster in my car I hear the engine RPM drop. Does increasing the demand on a generator increase the force needed to rotate it? If so, how?

Posted: 02 Mar 2020 11:30 AM PST

Edit: the rpm dips only for a fraction of a second and then comes back up

submitted by /u/Depensity
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Humans seem to have a universally visceral reaction of disgust when seeing most insects and spiders. Do other animal species have this same reaction?

Posted: 03 Mar 2020 04:59 AM PST

How would a compass needle react to a magnetic monopole?

Posted: 03 Mar 2020 06:51 AM PST

Would an observer be able to tell the difference? How?

submitted by /u/joegee66
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Are real time strategy games biased towards what side of the map you start on? For instance, since we read left to right, would there be cognitive dissonance by moving right to left as opposed to left to right?

Posted: 03 Mar 2020 05:50 AM PST

I'm aware of a psychological advantage existing between a "red team" and a "blue team" in FPS. I'm wondering if there's a similar effect or if side has no effect at all.

submitted by /u/SCP-49
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What is the accuracy of weather forecasting over the decades?

Posted: 03 Mar 2020 04:23 AM PST

I was reading recently that predicting the weather up to 5 days out is about 90% accurate and to 7 about 80% accurate. With this in mind what I am curious about are 2 things:

  • What is the accuracy like for shorter time periods? 48hrs? 24hrs? 12hrs?
  • How does the accuracy of weather forecasting today compare to that of previous decades? 10, 20, 30 and 40 years ago?
submitted by /u/nemoj_da_me_peglas
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Why are some lines of the emission spectra more dominant?

Posted: 03 Mar 2020 01:55 AM PST

I was wondering about the complex looking spectra for most atoms and the colour we can actually see when doing a flame colour test.

Firstly I find different spectra:

More detailed

Less detailed

Even on the less detailed one potassium seems to have lots of yellow emission, but its flame is percieved more lila.

On the more detailed one there are tons of lines in red and green for sodium for example, which is clearly yellow/orange.

Are some excited states much more probable, and different lines much more dominant? If thats the case, where do I find this information? I would assume it depends on temperature.

Or has it something to do with how our eyes and brain process the mix of wavelengths?

submitted by /u/Justmy2cb
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Does lying to a patient about survival rates of a disease affect said survival rate?

Posted: 02 Mar 2020 01:25 PM PST

e.g. for a cancer with a survival rate of 15%, would telling the patient they have a survival chance of 90% improve their odds of survival through the placebo effect or otherwise?

submitted by /u/_Stego27
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Why don't video streams get corrupted by a bad internet connection, like when you delete information from a video file?

Posted: 03 Mar 2020 06:15 AM PST

This might require some explaining, so I will provide an example. Apologies if it is unclear.

If you happen to be streaming a video from YouTube on cellular data, while you are driving in a fast moving train, some of the information might be unable to reach your phone. As a result of this, the video gets compressed to allow your phone to play it. Why is some of the video not corrupted, as a result of lacking information?

submitted by /u/DoNotChris
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What Impact Does Mineral Content Have on the Surface Tension of Water?

Posted: 02 Mar 2020 04:40 PM PST

I may be using the term incorrectly, but the general question I'm wanting answered is whether or not mineral content might have an impact on the surface tension of water and it's inclination to pool together as it falls from a "porrus" surface.

More specifically, I have a newish Technivorm Moccamaster coffee maker. Since the first pot of coffee I've noticed that the water does not drip as expected from the eight individual holes in the shower head. Instead, it all pools together into a single stream as it falls from the head into the basket. After some googling I found a post where someone used a thin coating of oil on the surface of the shower head, and it caused the water to drip properly from each individual hole. I tried the test myself using some mineral oil and, sure enough, it worked exactly like it was supposed to.

I tried asking the crew over at r/coffee, but no one had any solutions. The thing is, different people get different results, and I know the "all the holes drip individually" camp can't all be using oil on their coffee maker every morning. You can find my post here (with a video in the comments): https://www.reddit.com/r/Coffee/comments/fc5ki3/moccamaster_showerhead_issues/

submitted by /u/sonofamort
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What is a delocalised electron? And how is it related to metallic bonding?

Posted: 02 Mar 2020 06:03 PM PST

What causes the plumes of water vapour on Jupiter's Europa?

Posted: 02 Mar 2020 12:38 PM PST

Is this water ejected out due to pressure? Temperature? Does Europa have geothermal activity?

submitted by /u/Maximus3-141
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Do blackout curtains block the invisible part of the electromagnetic spectrum (i.e. radiation of UV-length and shorter)?

Posted: 02 Mar 2020 10:42 AM PST

How do scientists isolate a single virus for study?

Posted: 01 Mar 2020 10:05 PM PST

I'm guessing that the human body has lots of different viruses present at any one time. In the case of COVID-19, for example, once they were suspicious that there was a novel virus present in a patient, how did they isolate and identify the new virus? How could they be sure they were looking at just the one they were interested in?

submitted by /u/ChronicLateBloomer
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Monday, March 2, 2020

My phone has a barometer which can tell me the pressure of the surrounding air. What can I infer from this information? Can it give me some information I can use in day to day life?

My phone has a barometer which can tell me the pressure of the surrounding air. What can I infer from this information? Can it give me some information I can use in day to day life?


My phone has a barometer which can tell me the pressure of the surrounding air. What can I infer from this information? Can it give me some information I can use in day to day life?

Posted: 01 Mar 2020 09:53 PM PST

So I just got a phone and it happens to have a barometer in it.

My current app shows my surrounding air pressure as 1014 hPa, what does this mean to me? Can I use this information in my day to day life?

I tried googling but it wasn't very helpful.

Can you explain what this means for me?

Edit: so I read all of your responses and they were pretty helpful. I tried jumping up and down lifting my phone in the air and even going down an elevator. It was fun seeing the pressure change. Thanks to everyone who helped me learn and discover something new.

So you guys know of any other fun stuff I can do with sensors on my phone.

Here's a list of the sensors, tell me if any fun is possible and I will definitely try it.

Gravity Sensor

Ambient Light Sensor

Proximity Sensor

Gyroscope

Compass

In-Screen Fingerprint Sensor

Hall sensor

laser sensor

Barometer

Infrared sensor

colour temperature sensor

Edit2: I realised that people would be interested in seeing how I can see my pressure so I have taken a screenshot. link

Edit3: A lot of people have been asking me what phone this is. I am using a Huawei mate 20 Pro.

I wanted to reply to specific comments but for some reason I am not able to see them. I see your notifications but when I go to answer them, it shows empty. Probably a weird reddit glitch or something but it's pretty annoying as I don't get to read all of your comments.

submitted by /u/alt_i_guess
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Why does the weak force have a cutoff range?

Posted: 02 Mar 2020 04:55 AM PST

Gravity affects things infinitely far away as far as I know, but I was looking on this website and it seems to state that the weak force has a range of about 10-18 m. Why is this the case? Doesn't the weak force have the same sort of distance-squared relationship that gravity has? Any other clarifying information is much appreciated.

submitted by /u/skeptical_moderate
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What causes the blood vessels to constrict or tighten which leads to high blood pressure?

Posted: 02 Mar 2020 07:34 AM PST

Additionally, is that the only reason our blood pressure rises? I'm trying to understand the underlying mechanisms that cause blood pressure to rise and fall.

submitted by /u/yeerth
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Are aquatic mammals the only sealife to communicate with noise underwater?

Posted: 01 Mar 2020 07:00 PM PST

Whalesong and dolphinspeak I guess are an adaptation from land based ancestors, but do squids, fish, and crustations not have any communication other than visual?

submitted by /u/CaveatLusor
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Is there an instance in recorded history of an infection going from first outbreak to an endemic disease?

Posted: 01 Mar 2020 04:19 PM PST

If so, when did people decide to just give up on containing it?

submitted by /u/omniscientbeet
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Can any arbitrary increasing succession of natural numbers can be explained by a function y=f(x) where x is the position in the succession? How to find it?

Posted: 02 Mar 2020 07:39 AM PST

Suppose that you have an arbitrary increasing succession y (for example, 1,5,10,37,99,19993...). I would like to know if there exists a function f(x), where x is the position of the number in the succession, that can generate y. Also, how can I find such function?

My intuition tells me that the answer is true. There is an infinite amount of functions in R2, therefore, there must be at least one function that "connects" the points of any arbitrary succession of integers. However, I am not sure how to prove this.

Additionally, how can I find such function? Empirically, I am thinking that a procedure like neural networks with enough neurons should be able to achieve this and generate a very complex function f. It should be able to drive the training error to zero. However, is there an analytic, perhaps more elegant or methodical, approach to do this?

submitted by /u/bnesposito
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Do we know anything about the distribution of dark matter?

Posted: 01 Mar 2020 05:05 PM PST

Do we know how dark matter is distributed in space; like does it cluster around certain astronomical bodies or is it more loosely distributed?

submitted by /u/GRI23
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Why do BoTox injections not kill you?

Posted: 01 Mar 2020 08:06 PM PST

Isn't Botulinum toxin supposed to be the deadliest poison in the world? If so, why does it not kill you when injected for cosmetics. Shouldn't the deadly dose be around 0.00000001 grams?

submitted by /u/yingchong
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After receiving a vaccine, how long does it take to become fully effective?

Posted: 01 Mar 2020 05:46 PM PST

I know there are a lot of variables - oral, shot, age, sex, dosage - but is there a general rule of thumb?

submitted by /u/anwserman
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Why are we seeing so many more live giant squid in the last decade or so, when the first live one was only photographed in 2005?

Posted: 01 Mar 2020 08:25 AM PST

How do new viruses get named?

Posted: 01 Mar 2020 06:22 PM PST

How do viruses like H1N1 or COVID-19 get named?

submitted by /u/pierre507
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Is the change in entropy of a cyclic process always zero since entropy is a state function?

Posted: 01 Mar 2020 02:20 PM PST

One of my professors said during lecture that the "changes in entropy in a cyclic process must be zero since the entropy is a state function." It makes sense conceptually since there are the same beginning and end points.

However, this statement confuses me because we also discussed Clausius' inequality for cyclic processes. I do not understand why using an inequality with a cyclic integral is necessary if the answer is always zero. After looking into it several places online, I've found that the cyclic integral is equal to zero in reversible processes but not irreversible processes. Is this true for the system and surroundings or just the surroundings? In what cases is the entropy change not equal to zero?

submitted by /u/dailyjesusfacts123
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Dumb question - has anyone made a bucket of neutrons?

Posted: 01 Mar 2020 11:45 AM PST

If you have a bucket of protons - you have hydrogen. Has anyone ever made a bucket of neutrons?

Is it possible?

submitted by /u/lucidguppy
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Lets say theres an air tight chamber with a pressure of 10 atmospheres and at the very top theres a 100 ton weight, if the weight drops, will it fully go down, or just float?

Posted: 01 Mar 2020 12:08 PM PST

Assuming the chamber is 1km deep and 1m wide and never breaks. Think of it like a syringe, the pully thingy is tge weight and air doesnt go past it

submitted by /u/iamapersonmf
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Have climate records changed ?

Posted: 01 Mar 2020 07:57 PM PST

Have climate records changed ?

Relating to temperatures I have heard that records have been changed/adjusted going back I believe 100 years. Is this true? If not where does it come from? If it is why are they changed?

I know this is a politically charged question but asking for genuine answers.

submitted by /u/sht33v33
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There are over 11.800 different species of ants. But what makes a group of ants be a different specie than the other groups? How do you define species?

Posted: 01 Mar 2020 10:55 AM PST

Why are the viruses not considered living beings?

Posted: 01 Mar 2020 06:41 AM PST

Based on my very rudementry understanding what I know is that viruses only behave like living beings after they enter a body so why can't their stay outside the body be defined as an extreme state of Hibernation?

submitted by /u/KillerAJ123
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Sunday, March 1, 2020

Happy Leap Day! We'd like to take this opportunity to celebrate all things anuran with a Frog Megathread. Post your questions here!

Happy Leap Day! We'd like to take this opportunity to celebrate all things anuran with a Frog Megathread. Post your questions here!


Happy Leap Day! We'd like to take this opportunity to celebrate all things anuran with a Frog Megathread. Post your questions here!

Posted: 29 Feb 2020 09:19 AM PST

Happy Leap Day! We hope you're jumping for joy on February 29. To celebrate, we'd like to open up a Frog Megathread. Our biologists will be on hand to answer your questions!

Anura is the largest extant (i.e. not extinct) order of amphibians, with over 6,300 documented species. There are a few things that set frogs apart:

  • "Anura" means "without a tail" - a reference to the loss of their tails as adults.
  • One of the most unique features is called a urostyle, and it's formed by fused sacral vertebrae.
  • They lack ribs, and have relatively few presacral vertebrae (fewer than 9, usually 8).
  • They also fuse some limb bones together: the radius and ulna in the arm fuse into the radio-ulna, and the tibia and fibula fuse into the tibiofibula.

We can't talk about frogs without mentioning that amphibians are experiencing a global decline, and are going extinct much more quickly than background extinction rates (PDF). There are a number of causes at play.

One is known as amphibian chytrid fungus. This fungus has caused the extinction of more species than any other pathogen. It has caused the decline of 501 amphibian species, caused a further 124 to drop by 90% or more, and caused the extinction of 90.

Additional factors in amphibian decline include habitat change (destruction or loss), affecting as many as 63% of amphibian species; invasive species including fish or even other amphibian species; environmental toxins like pesticides; and global climate change.

Today we'd like to celebrate our froggy friends, call attention to the importance of their conservation, and answer any questions you may have. Please join us on our Leap Day Frog Megathread!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Why is botulinum bacteria not in environments with normal-high oxygen levels?

Posted: 01 Mar 2020 05:51 AM PST

I always read botulinum bacteria live and grow in low oxygen conditions. How about in oxygen rich environments, can they still survive in it?

If not, is this because oxygen kill them, lack of oxygen is conducive to a certain chemical reaction, oxygen rich environments allow other types of bacteria to thrive and deprive them of resources, or what?

submitted by /u/grandphuba
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How was COVID-19 discovered?

Posted: 01 Mar 2020 02:12 AM PST

If I had the kind of symptoms that are associated with COVID-19, I'd assume I had the flu, and I'd stay in bed for a couple of days.

But presumably some people would go to the doctor with those symptoms. And I'd expect the doctor to also diagnose the flu, and tell them to stay in bed.

But at some point, someone must have gone to the doctor, and the doctor said "I know it looks like the flu but I'm not too sure so let's do some tests", and then the tests came back as showing it was a new variety of Coronvirus. So what would have prompted a doctor to request those tests?

submitted by /u/LondonPilot
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Do magnets affect the flow of an electric current?

Posted: 01 Mar 2020 04:47 AM PST

I know it's kind of a stupid question, but I have been thinking this for a while. Do magnets affect the electricity itself that flows inside a wire? For example, say I am charging my phone and it's connected to a wall socket. If I placed a magnet in the middle of my charger wire (like literally on top of the wire) would the magnet stop the electricity from flowing since it's getting attracted to the magnet? Would it have any effect at all on the flow of electrons inside the wire?

submitted by /u/LevyathanBoi
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Does the amount of soil available to a plant affect how it grows?

Posted: 01 Mar 2020 07:16 AM PST

Would a plant in a pot with a high volume of soil grow bigger than one in pot with a low soil volume? if so is it the depth of the soil that's important or is it the length/breath that would affect it? And does the answer vary depending on the plants roots?

Edit: Or is all of that irrelevant and it's really only the soil quality that matters?

Edit2:the plant in question is a succulent

submitted by /u/DAT_BOI_THE_DRIVER
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Which keeps my coffee warmer longer: holding the cup in my hands or leaving it alone on the table?

Posted: 01 Mar 2020 08:00 AM PST

I often hold my hot drinks (coffee, tea, etc) in my hands to warm up. Does this make my drink lose heat quicker than if it was left to alone sitting on a table?

submitted by /u/EdJoVoCop
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Can a neutron star gain mass and become a black hole? If it can then wouldent the singularity beyond the event horizon be neutron star sized rather then a small point?

Posted: 01 Mar 2020 07:01 AM PST

If a person with 20/20 vision wears my glasses, does their vision blur as much as my vision is naturally blurred?

Posted: 29 Feb 2020 09:41 PM PST

How genetically "similar" are two most genetically different organisms?

Posted: 29 Feb 2020 10:48 PM PST

I suppose I need to clarify a bit.

Let's take humans and e. coli. They are probably not the least similar organisms, but I'd wager my pick is close enough, and human - e.coli most recent common ancestor must be pretty close to LUCA in time.

How actually similar are their genes? Both coli and humans have the same DNA-RNA-Proteins-Lipids machinery. The DNA of both must at least code for the same tRNA, and proteins\complexes like ribosomes or polymerases must also be at least somewhat similar. We both run on ATP so I suppose the enzymes that are involved in the process must be also at least partially similar.

I'm curious as to how exactly similar we are. know that human genome is several orders of magnitude larger than of e.coli, but still. Approximately what percentage of e.coli's genome can be said to have similarities with human's?

submitted by /u/Momoneko
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What exactly are we doing when we clear our throats?

Posted: 29 Feb 2020 05:44 PM PST

CD4 vs CD4+ vs T-cell. Brief explanation of how they relate to HIV/AIDS?

Posted: 29 Feb 2020 03:52 PM PST

What's the difference between these three or are they same? Specifically with HIV, which does it attach to?

submitted by /u/woodentable18
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Are there any examples of drugs(pharmaceutical ex.) that work well in humans but not in animal testing models?

Posted: 29 Feb 2020 04:08 PM PST

We all know there are plenty of drugs that work well for mice but don't translate into humans, are there any examples of the opposite occurring?

submitted by /u/DEAD-H
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What factors determine the max RPM of engine bearings?

Posted: 29 Feb 2020 06:07 PM PST

I've been reading into the Honda B-series engines a lot lately and a trend a lot of budget tuners followed would be to put a VTEC head on a B18B1 motor from an Integra LS (dubbed the LS motor for that reason, not to be confused with GM's LS engines...) and it got the name "LS-VTEC". There's a lot of controversy about how reliable LS-VTEC builds are because that engine [B18B] had a different oiling system (also reliability is heavily dependent on quality of the engine builder), but also apparently the B18B engines had different bearings than native VTEC motors (B18C, B16A/B, etc) and a lot of tuners would wind their engines out into the 8000s or beyond, and 'spin a bearing' [among other types of catastrophic failure in the reciprocating assembly], while Honda's Type R engines would happily wind out to 8400-8800 RPM from factory, evidently they must've designed better bearings for the higher revving VTEC engines.

The thing that's got me thinking, what features of an engine bearing are changed to survive higher RPMs? Or is it less about the bearing and more about the viscosity and pressure of engine oil?

submitted by /u/builder430
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recent studies show that gray matter keeps growing into early adulthood does this only pertain to certain areas of the brain or all of them?

Posted: 29 Feb 2020 06:40 PM PST

recent studies show that gray matter keeps growing into early adulthood does this only pertain to certain areas of the brain or all of them?

submitted by /u/lukeboynton
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Why does systolic pressure increase more than diastolic during exercise?

Posted: 29 Feb 2020 05:46 PM PST

Oxytocin vs. Dopamine vs. Serotinin etc?

Posted: 29 Feb 2020 10:52 AM PST

I'm always hearing things like "hug your pet, it'll release oxytocin!" Or "high fives are just free serotonin!" Or "kissing gives you a dopamine rush!" These all just sound like pleasurable things to do but what are the real differences between these substances for a layman like me? Do different activities release different chemicals? Will Batman fool the Joker's plan to poison the water supply? So many questions!!!

submitted by /u/bubba_dump
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Does the cuff pressure of a sphygmomanometer increase your heart-rate by stopping your blood flow?

Posted: 29 Feb 2020 05:38 PM PST

Can someone explain why this might happen. It appears the heart is trying to work harder, but can someone explain why. (other than by just saying it is because of the pressure applied by the cuff, we already know that)

submitted by /u/Sylvrix
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With additional glucose, will a plant perform additional cellular respiration?

Posted: 29 Feb 2020 02:28 PM PST

Above - with an influx of carbon dioxide and water, which turns into glucose via photosynthesis, will a plant increase its respiration rate because it has additional glucose? or will the respiration rate stay the same? Does anyone have a source for this as well? I need to in-text cite.

submitted by /u/dsnrr
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Planetary Sci.What's the smallest size body that can support it's own breathable atmosphere?

Posted: 29 Feb 2020 10:03 AM PST

A common trope is a couple astronauts land on a planet, the computer announces that the atmosphere is breathable and they proceed to take off their helmets revealing immaculately coiffed hair unhampered by the vagaries of space travel. What is the smallest size body that can happen and are there (non-planets) bodies in our solar system that are candidates

submitted by /u/golf_kilo_papa
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How does a female paper nautilus create it's shell?

Posted: 29 Feb 2020 05:16 PM PST

How does water flow inside a closed moving barrel?

Posted: 29 Feb 2020 05:01 PM PST

If you roll a barrel on a relatively flat surface, how does water move inside if it's mostly filled? I tried doing an experiment and putting ping pong balls, beads to see if water moves inside or does it just stay pretty stable (like a person in a car) and it's just the barrel/container moving? I know it might deal with fluid dynamics but isn't that more like the pressure that is pushing against the walls? I'm interested in the flow of the water inside. Thank you. -a 9th grader.

submitted by /u/gracecee
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Can trees communicate with each other?

Posted: 29 Feb 2020 01:00 PM PST

Just a stupid question i thought of at 3am

submitted by /u/i_swear_im_not_high
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