At what point of human or hominid evolutionary history did short-term (monthly) ovulation cycles become the reproductive norm?

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• At what point of human or hominid evolutionary history did short-term (monthly) ovulation cycles become the reproductive norm?
• How is fresh water created on remote islands surrounded by the salty ocean water? In other words how did ancient societies get enough drinking water in Oceania? Do the islands just have to be big enough?
• Are fallen leaves traceable to their specific tree of origin using DNA analysis, similar to how a strand of hair is traceable to a specific person?
• How did they find out light and radioactivity and radio were all the same electromagnetic phenomenon?
• Is there a noticeable difference in the eye muscles between cultures that read left to right and cultures that read right to left?
• Which was the most watery 'Age' the Earth has gone through?
• Since Adderall is a stimulant, why is it used in the treatment of ADHD? Is it not counterproductive?
• Whats the difference between the ISO and HCI method when used to analyse the contents of cigarette and cigar smoke during puff tests?
• After all the decay is done, why don't teeth just fall out of a human skull?
• What exactly is fractional distillation?
• Can we perceive musical harmonicity under the audible range (infrasonics)?
• What are Voyagers 1 and 2 orbiting?
• How much taller would the Appalachian Mountains have to be to have permanent snowcaps?
• Why can chimerism exist, while donor organs seem to get rejected?
• Why does sodium move inside the membrane during an action potential?
• Are viruses made up of organic molecules and water?
• How does spin work in particles other than electrons?
• If a person born with the Thalidomide birth defects, will those be passed on to offspring?
• Why are there multiple oceans and not just one ocean?
• How did people do selective breeding to plants thousands of years ago?
• Why doesn't the stomach digest itself?
• What causes brain freeze when eating something cold too fast? and why isn't there a reaction in our brain when eating something hot, too fast?

At what point of human or hominid evolutionary history did short-term (monthly) ovulation cycles become the reproductive norm? Posted: 14 Feb 2020 06:46 PM PST I've done some brief reading on the topic, and it appears that bats and great apes (and humans) are the main branches of mammal species that have short-term ovulation cycles rather than just a few fertile seasons per year. In our evolutionary history, at what point did this become common? As a follow up question, do we have any evidence of a rapid population growth due to increased year-round fertility of a hominid or precursor species? submitted by /u/dusmeyedin [link] [comments]

How is fresh water created on remote islands surrounded by the salty ocean water? In other words how did ancient societies get enough drinking water in Oceania? Do the islands just have to be big enough? Posted: 14 Feb 2020 05:36 PM PST I was just watching a video about the Mahjapahit(?) and they mentioned how a certain island was important for its drinking water. What does that mean? What process occurs to let some islands have fresh water? submitted by /u/Cannabus_ [link] [comments]

Are fallen leaves traceable to their specific tree of origin using DNA analysis, similar to how a strand of hair is traceable to a specific person? Posted: 15 Feb 2020 06:59 AM PST submitted by /u/arkmay_b [link] [comments]

How did they find out light and radioactivity and radio were all the same electromagnetic phenomenon? Posted: 14 Feb 2020 02:31 PM PST submitted by /u/throwaway76y00 [link] [comments]

Is there a noticeable difference in the eye muscles between cultures that read left to right and cultures that read right to left? Posted: 15 Feb 2020 04:21 AM PST submitted by /u/trump_pushes_mongo [link] [comments]

Which was the most watery 'Age' the Earth has gone through? Posted: 15 Feb 2020 04:00 AM PST submitted by /u/bigbadeternal [link] [comments]

Since Adderall is a stimulant, why is it used in the treatment of ADHD? Is it not counterproductive? Posted: 15 Feb 2020 01:43 AM PST submitted by /u/HalfALifeLeft [link] [comments]

Whats the difference between the ISO and HCI method when used to analyse the contents of cigarette and cigar smoke during puff tests? Posted: 15 Feb 2020 05:13 AM PST I'm writing a paper on cigars and i found this study on PubMed, but i don't know what the methods used to analyse the smoke are... The first link is the picture of the graphs where they compared different ingredients in a cigarette and 2 different brands of cigars using the 2 methods. The links of the graphs and the article are below. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6093475/figure/F3/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30125018 submitted by /u/orseund_em [link] [comments]

After all the decay is done, why don't teeth just fall out of a human skull? Posted: 15 Feb 2020 06:56 AM PST submitted by /u/Songbird420 [link] [comments]

What exactly is fractional distillation? Posted: 15 Feb 2020 05:20 AM PST Could someone please explain fractional distillation? I find it really confusing to understand. Thanks! submitted by /u/Kaushik2002 [link] [comments]

Can we perceive musical harmonicity under the audible range (infrasonics)? Posted: 14 Feb 2020 02:34 PM PST Acoustics student here. Our ears can properly hear frequencies down to 20 Hz, under that frequency we can feel infrasonic pressure waves through the body. What the ears send through the auditory nerve is brilliantly managed by the brain (spatialization, recontruction of missing fundamentals ecc...) The question is: is it possible to perceive intervals or harmony between an audible and an infrasonic tone? can our brain recognize an harmonic relation between a note perceived by the ear and a pulsation perceived through the body? submitted by /u/mtia [link] [comments]

What are Voyagers 1 and 2 orbiting? Posted: 15 Feb 2020 03:39 AM PST I was wondering whether or not they are simply orbiting the galactic centre by now. submitted by /u/tintinmcfly [link] [comments]

How much taller would the Appalachian Mountains have to be to have permanent snowcaps? Posted: 14 Feb 2020 07:45 PM PST I have spent a lot of time in and around the Appalachians of Virginia and West Virginia, and I've noticed alpine forests in their upper regions. (By contrast, the surrounding woods are generally warm, humid, and filled with broad-leafed trees). If the mountains "kept going" upwards, where would the trees start to peter out? Where would year-round snow accumulate? I understand that this could vary greatly by location, so I am willing to narrow things down to specific peaks: Mount Washington) in the north (which admittedly already has a treeline), Spruce Knob in the middle, and Mount Mitchell in the south. submitted by /u/EyeballHeadedDandy [link] [comments]

Why can chimerism exist, while donor organs seem to get rejected? Posted: 14 Feb 2020 09:12 AM PST submitted by /u/packagedeliverer [link] [comments]

Why does sodium move inside the membrane during an action potential? Posted: 14 Feb 2020 03:09 PM PST I get that at resting potential, the inside of the membrane is less positive than the outside. Nevertheless, wouldn't potassium cation ion still make the inside of the membrane overall positive? If both the inside and outside of the membrane are overall positively charged, then during depolarization, what is driving Na+ into moving towards yet another positively charged region? Likewise, what force is causing K+ to move to the outside of the membrane (which is also positively charged)? ​ Can someone please explain to me the underlying biophysics? submitted by /u/Adrenocorticotrophin [link] [comments]

Are viruses made up of organic molecules and water? Posted: 14 Feb 2020 01:22 PM PST I'm interested in definitions of life and one in particular demands that lifeforms are made up of organic molecules and water. I know that viruses have a protein shell called a capsid, which is composed of organic molecules, but are they composed of water in any way? submitted by /u/HegelStoleMyBike [link] [comments]

How does spin work in particles other than electrons? Posted: 14 Feb 2020 07:03 AM PST I have watched a dozen or so videos and read several blogs on spin, and the most comprehensive explanation seems to be that spin is a type of "magnetism." All these videos and blogs use electrons to describe the property because it is "easiest to understand." Sure. Magnetism makes sense with electrons and we can all keep it within the electromagnetic spectrum. However, this "easy explanation" also means I have no idea how to translate this idea to other particles, let alone those that don't interact directly with the electromagnetic field, like gluons. I assume that spin doesn't mean that gluons interact with a magnetic field, but if so, what on earth does it mean? Additionally, the constant use of electrons means all these sources talk about half integer spins. I get the difference with the pauli exclusion principle. I don't get how this "magnetism" translates to integer spins. Is it virtually the same or is there a difference in behavior (other than being subject or not to the pauli exclusion principle)? P.S. I am an English major who has recently plunged into channels like PBS Spacetime and the Science Asylum. I have some context but too much math and too much jargon make my head spin (not sure if half integer or integer though). submitted by /u/fanabomerro [link] [comments]

If a person born with the Thalidomide birth defects, will those be passed on to offspring? Posted: 14 Feb 2020 12:45 PM PST Mothers in the 50's and 60's taking this drug, for sleeping pills, etc. had birth defects: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalidomide#Birth_defect_crisis I'm wondering if those children from that result were to have their own kids, would any of the affects from that drug have any affects on their future offspring? Insignificant or not, are any of the implications from these defects passed on in any shape or form through DNA? or are the effects from that drug "reset" when they have children? Just wondering if there is damage in your genetics and it's now apart of your DNA / biology and inheriting in any way? Thanks in advance! submitted by /u/wozmatic [link] [comments]

Why are there multiple oceans and not just one ocean? Posted: 14 Feb 2020 02:32 PM PST Like the Atlantic Ocean is different from the Pacific Ocean, but there isn't really a difference because it's all just one big puddle of saltwater. Is there an ecological difference in species, or water temp, or tectonic plates or something? submitted by /u/rivernoa [link] [comments]

How did people do selective breeding to plants thousands of years ago? Posted: 14 Feb 2020 11:41 AM PST What is the science behind selective breeding and how did humans had this knowledge before modern technologies? It seems a lot of work to grow corn and watermelon a few times bigger. submitted by /u/irrelevanteo [link] [comments]

Why doesn't the stomach digest itself? Posted: 14 Feb 2020 01:21 PM PST submitted by /u/goatchild [link] [comments]

What causes brain freeze when eating something cold too fast? and why isn't there a reaction in our brain when eating something hot, too fast? Posted: 14 Feb 2020 08:03 AM PST submitted by /u/Canadian_Jman [link] [comments]

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Is it possible to be colorblind in only one eye?

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• Is it possible to be colorblind in only one eye?
• AskScience AMA Series: I'm Stanislas Dehaene, the author of the new book How We Learn: Why Brains Learn Better Than Any Machine... for Now. I'' the director of the Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit in Saclay, France, and the professor of experimental cognitive psychology at the College de France. AMA!
• How was the nuclear binding energy measured?
• Many humans have ticklish areas like underarms; in other animals that doesn’t seem to be the case. Is there an evolutionary explanation for why certain animals are ticklish and where?
• When a scientist says there's ice on Planet X, or there's ice on Comet X, are they speaking of water ice specifically?
• I have a porcine and now bovine heart valve. Are there any other human replacement parts taken from animals?
• [Paleontology] How often are the skeletons of Dinosaurs seen in museums composed from bones of more than one individual?
• Why does blanching stinging nettles remove the sting?
• What would the night sky look like if the Milky Way wasn’t visible?
• Are all of the genes (in our body, for example) important? Or some of them are neutral?
• is there a reaction that works exclusively for tris trimethylsilyl silane and not for tributyltin hydride?
• Do emitters emit photons in random orientations when they undergo stimulated emission?
• How does gravity affect the optimal size of complex lifeforms on a planet?
• Does the earth rotate at the same speed on its surface as it does at the center?
• Why do hotspots form distinct volcanoes?
• What does it mean for a body to be radioactive?
• Black holes and alpha centuri?
• Since fingerprints are unique, I was wondering are tongue and/or lip prints also unique to the individual?
• How do gorillas maintain their large muscle mass on a diet that is almost 70% fruit, and 20% leaves?
• Where to find raw/good quality Pulsar sounds?
• What sounds can a bird's syrinx imitate?

Is it possible to be colorblind in only one eye? Posted: 13 Feb 2020 06:04 PM PST submitted by /u/devluch [link] [comments]

AskScience AMA Series: I'm Stanislas Dehaene, the author of the new book How We Learn: Why Brains Learn Better Than Any Machine... for Now. I'' the director of the Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit in Saclay, France, and the professor of experimental cognitive psychology at the College de France. AMA! Posted: 14 Feb 2020 04:00 AM PST Hello, I'm Stanislas Dehaene, the author of the new book How We Learn: Why Brains Learn Better Than Any Machine... for Now. I'm the director of the NeuroSpin brain imaging center in Saclay, France, and the professor of experimental cognitive psychology at the College de France. I am very passionate about the human brain and its remarkable feats - my previous books were about how the brain does maths, how it learns to read, and what are the neuronal mechanisms of consciousness. But today, I focus more on "how we learn" - one of the major talents of the human brain. I will be available 6-8 pm French time (12 EST, 17 UT), ask me anything! submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator [link] [comments]

How was the nuclear binding energy measured? Posted: 14 Feb 2020 04:37 AM PST Specifically how was it seperated from the coulomb force? To break apart a nucleus you need to overcome this force. So after a fission you dont know how much of the required energy did work against the coulomb force and how much of it worked against the nuclear bidning energy. At least I do not see how you can seperate this, except for the application of mathematical models, which is not not an empirical method. submitted by /u/neuromat0n [link] [comments]

Many humans have ticklish areas like underarms; in other animals that doesn’t seem to be the case. Is there an evolutionary explanation for why certain animals are ticklish and where? Posted: 13 Feb 2020 05:41 PM PST submitted by /u/SgtDonowitz [link] [comments]

When a scientist says there's ice on Planet X, or there's ice on Comet X, are they speaking of water ice specifically? Posted: 13 Feb 2020 11:02 PM PST submitted by /u/razorbackgeek [link] [comments]

I have a porcine and now bovine heart valve. Are there any other human replacement parts taken from animals? Posted: 13 Feb 2020 07:37 PM PST submitted by /u/pencil-pusher [link] [comments]

[Paleontology] How often are the skeletons of Dinosaurs seen in museums composed from bones of more than one individual? Posted: 13 Feb 2020 09:17 PM PST I know that almost all skeletons and "bones" in museums are actually castings, however I was wondering how many individual complete skeletons of larger dinosaurs actually ever fossilised, leading me to think that most museum skeletons are the result of many individuals' bones as that allows us to have at least an idea of species level skeletal structure. submitted by /u/SquirrelFood [link] [comments]

Why does blanching stinging nettles remove the sting? Posted: 13 Feb 2020 04:40 PM PST I can understand if it denatures the poison perhaps, but that would still leave the physical "needles" right? submitted by /u/boiledeggman [link] [comments]

What would the night sky look like if the Milky Way wasn’t visible? Posted: 13 Feb 2020 07:32 PM PST As an avid fan of star gazing, I was wondering if anyone could help me understand just how much outside of our own galaxy we can see with the naked eye. Apologies if this is the wrong place to ask this question. submitted by /u/benwhosometimesdraws [link] [comments]

Are all of the genes (in our body, for example) important? Or some of them are neutral? Posted: 13 Feb 2020 06:04 PM PST submitted by /u/UseAirName [link] [comments]

is there a reaction that works exclusively for tris trimethylsilyl silane and not for tributyltin hydride? Posted: 13 Feb 2020 07:32 PM PST I know that tributyltin hydride has rate constants of donating a hydrogen radical to a carbon radical slightly faster than the rate constant of tris trimethylsilyl silane. And that this sometimes results in a radical reaction terminating quicker than it should when using the tributyltin hydride. But is there a reaction or scientific article where the tris trimethylsilyl silane allows formation of one product due to its slower rate constant, and that use of the tributyltin hydride does not allow for the formation of that same product due to a faster rate constant? submitted by /u/destroy100 [link] [comments]

Do emitters emit photons in random orientations when they undergo stimulated emission? Posted: 13 Feb 2020 04:57 PM PST Classically the theory states that photons emitted during stimulated emission inherit phase and orientation from the stimulating photon, but recent experiments appear to show that this may be completely false, and emitters undergoing stimulated emission emit photons in random directions just like in spontaneous emission: https://andrewgyork.github.io/stimulated_emission_imaging/ This is driving me a bit nuts as I can't reconcile the quite seemingly complete descriptions of stimulated emission with the results of this experiment. I haven't found any answers in the primary literature yet so hoping someone here can shed some light. submitted by /u/whiteknight521 [link] [comments]

How does gravity affect the optimal size of complex lifeforms on a planet? Posted: 13 Feb 2020 06:40 PM PST In other words, if the size and mass of Earth were half, with everything else scaled so that it retained the same environment and ability to sustain life as it does now, would humans and other similarly complex organisms be some ratio smaller? submitted by /u/tvisforlovers [link] [comments]

Does the earth rotate at the same speed on its surface as it does at the center? Posted: 14 Feb 2020 02:07 AM PST submitted by /u/RareMushroom8 [link] [comments]

Why do hotspots form distinct volcanoes? Posted: 14 Feb 2020 01:36 AM PST Pretty self explanatory - why do hotspots form separate, distinct large volcanoes rather than a continuous stream of smaller mini- volcanoes that form a ridge if the hotspot is constantly extruding magma? (Yes im aware a hotspot doesnt actually extrude magma, just couldnt find a better way to put it) submitted by /u/arpitr20 [link] [comments]

What does it mean for a body to be radioactive? Posted: 13 Feb 2020 09:49 PM PST I hear about people like Marie Curie being buried in lead-lined coffins because of radioactivity. But what does it really mean for a dead body to be radioactive? How is it dangerous? And does it affect the decomp of the body? submitted by /u/Draculalia [link] [comments]

Black holes and alpha centuri? Posted: 13 Feb 2020 01:36 PM PST If alpha centuri theoretically turned in to a stellar black hole would we be affected. Sorry if this is a stupid question. submitted by /u/ragw505 [link] [comments]

Since fingerprints are unique, I was wondering are tongue and/or lip prints also unique to the individual? Posted: 13 Feb 2020 12:38 PM PST So basically as the post states. I know fingerprints aren't 100% unique to the individual, since it's like 1 in 1 billion, and identical twins can share fingerprints. It's still considered in criminal sience to be considered unique to the individual. Thanks in advance. submitted by /u/GaiusSherlockCaesar [link] [comments]

How do gorillas maintain their large muscle mass on a diet that is almost 70% fruit, and 20% leaves? Posted: 13 Feb 2020 08:27 AM PST bodybuilders/powerlifters/models, you name it must consume a huge amount of protein in the form of meat, soy, etc. to keep up their muscle mass. What about a gorilla's metabolism allows them to consume almost all carbs yet maintain their muscles? submitted by /u/ScienceTute [link] [comments]

Where to find raw/good quality Pulsar sounds? Posted: 13 Feb 2020 08:46 AM PST Alright, not really a science thing but its about the space anyways. I am obsessed with pulsar sounds. Youtube has a crap audio quality so I am searching for other options. If you know, please tell me! Thanks in advance submitted by /u/kneiboi [link] [comments]

What sounds can a bird's syrinx imitate? Posted: 13 Feb 2020 05:46 PM PST Parrots and corvids are known for being able to imitate human speech through an organ called the syrinx. Are there any sounds that they can't imitate using this organ? I know that they can't actually produce any human speech sounds in the same way as us, but it is understood that they can generally mimic our speech. But what limits are there to their mimicry? Do they substitute "b"s for "p"s, for instance? submitted by /u/A_Really_Big_Cat [link] [comments]

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If a fever helps the body fight off infection, would artificially raising your body temperature (within reason), say with a hot bath or shower, help this process and speed your recovery?

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• If a fever helps the body fight off infection, would artificially raising your body temperature (within reason), say with a hot bath or shower, help this process and speed your recovery?
• AskScience AMA Series: We're the New Horizons mission team that conducted the farthest spacecraft flyby in history - four billion miles from Earth. Ask us anything!
• What if we make a cube of one way mirrors with the reflecting bit in the inside then we keep it in sunlight. Will it keep gathering light inside of it?
• Why is thorium not used in modern nuclear reactors today? Does it have any cons?
• How does one determine neutron energy loss per collision for molecules?
• Does human biology dictate that we are diurnal, or is it just a behavior that developed because we were not as effective in darkness relative to other animals?
• If we can observe the positions and relative velocities of interstellar objects like galaxies, can we also calculate where they all came from, i.e. the centre of the universe, the location of the Big Bang?
• How quickly did life on Earth become planet-wide?
• What is the relation between threshold and input resistance in neurons?
• What exactly does Gibbs Free Energy measure as it relates to the potential spontaneity and thermodynamic properties of a chemical system?
• Relationship between glycine, glutamate and GABA?
• Is formation of ribosomes a stochastic event?
• Why do most anticyclonic tornadoes occur as satellites?
• How do you calculate the actual power (work being done) of a device in a AC circuit?
• What’s the strongest possible earthquake that can happen on earth? Is there a theoretical limit?
• Does having head trauma later influence memory loss, Alzheimer's, dementia and other memory related loss symptoms?
• Are there any animals/organisms alive today that don’t fit neatly into a phylogenetic tree?
• How does sugar cause a gain in weight?
• Does the brain grow in size/mass through neurogenesis?
• Do black holes exhibit different tidal stress near the event Horizon depending on How much mass they have?
• How can things like injuries, trauma, and stress cause increases in blood glucose levels in diabetics?
• How long would a hydrocarbon need to be before a coil could exist? (If possible)
• Does Eating Healthier Disproportionately Affect People of Low Income?

If a fever helps the body fight off infection, would artificially raising your body temperature (within reason), say with a hot bath or shower, help this process and speed your recovery? Posted: 12 Feb 2020 11:55 AM PST I understand that this might border on violating Rule #1, but I am not seeking medical advice. I am merely curious about the effects on the body. There are lots of ways you could raise your temperature a little (or a lot if you're not careful), such as showers, baths, hot tubs, steam rooms, saunas, etc... My understanding is that a fever helps fight infection by acting in two ways. The higher temperature inhibits the bug's ability to reproduce in the body, and it also makes some cells in our immune system more effective at fighting the infection. So, would basically giving yourself a fever, or increasing it if it were a very low grade fever, help? submitted by /u/KevinReynolds [link] [comments]

AskScience AMA Series: We're the New Horizons mission team that conducted the farthest spacecraft flyby in history - four billion miles from Earth. Ask us anything! Posted: 13 Feb 2020 04:00 AM PST On New Year's 2019 NASA's New Horizons flew past a small Kuiper Belt object named Arrokoth, four billion miles from Earth, in a vast region home to the icy, rocky remnants of solar system formation. Our team has new results from that flyby, and we're excited to share what we've learned about the origins of planetary building blocks like Arrokoth. We're also happy to address other parts of our epic voyage to the planetary frontier, including our historic flyby of Pluto in July 2015. Team members answering your questions include: Alan Stern, New Horizons principal investigator, SwRI John Spencer, New Horizons deputy project scientist - SwRI Silvia Protopapa, New Horizons science team member, SwRI Bill McKinnon, New Horizons co-investigator, Washington University in St. Louis Anne Verbischer, New Horizons science team member - University of Virginia Will Grundy, New Horizons co-investigator, Lowell Observatory Chris Hersman, mission systems engineer, JHUAPL We'll sign on at 3pm EST (20 UT). Ask us anything! submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator [link] [comments]

What if we make a cube of one way mirrors with the reflecting bit in the inside then we keep it in sunlight. Will it keep gathering light inside of it? Posted: 13 Feb 2020 04:54 AM PST submitted by /u/AgentK1309 [link] [comments]

Why is thorium not used in modern nuclear reactors today? Does it have any cons? Posted: 12 Feb 2020 08:21 PM PST NOTE: I am very new to this subreddit. At the time of this post, it is currently under the Engineering flair because nuclear power plants involve engineering. If I should change the flair, don't be afraid to say so! So, today I watched a video about why thorium is better than uranium in nuclear power plants, this video to be specific. I was wondering if thorium had so many pros, why isn't it used in modern nuclear plants today? Does it have a numerous con that makes it too dangerous to put in power plants, or is it just too new? At the same time, I am wondering what are the pros and cons of thorium? The video only shows pros therefore I don't know any cons. ​ Thanks in advance! -AsianPercival submitted by /u/AsianPercival [link] [comments]

How does one determine neutron energy loss per collision for molecules? Posted: 13 Feb 2020 05:38 AM PST We have found that slowing down fast neutrons to thermal levels in order to facilitate fission (as fission cross sectron increases with lower neutron energies), is done through collisions with a moderator. The energy loss of the neutron per collision is calculated as Xi = 2/(A+1) or Xi=2/(A+(2/3)) if A>10, where A is the mass number of the atom. The issue arises when we note the Xi values for heavy and light water. They do not at all follow the above formula. We have corroborated the formulas with other sources and looked around for an explanation, but found nothing. [Here](https://www.nuclear-power.net/glossary/macroscopic-slowing-down-power-msdp/) is the source we found the Xi values on, as well as the formulas [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_moderator) ​ Thanks beforehand for any answers! submitted by /u/OfficialBirTawil [link] [comments]

Does human biology dictate that we are diurnal, or is it just a behavior that developed because we were not as effective in darkness relative to other animals? Posted: 13 Feb 2020 03:58 AM PST I saw some post about the sleeping patterns of famous scientists/intellectuals, and they all had extremely varied sleeping times. By that I mean, for example, 3 sessions of sleeping at various hours of the day and night, and this did not stop them from having a sharp mind. Most people nowadays would agree that it is important to get your 8h, but is there any advantage to getting a single burst of 8h at night, or is it just important to have 8h of sleep in a 24h cycle? So, I guess my question expanded would be: Does human biology dictate that we are diurnal due to the advantages it presents for our bodies, or is it just a behavior developed because we were not as effective in darkness relative to other animals? submitted by /u/LongStrangeTrips [link] [comments]

If we can observe the positions and relative velocities of interstellar objects like galaxies, can we also calculate where they all came from, i.e. the centre of the universe, the location of the Big Bang? Posted: 12 Feb 2020 09:20 PM PST submitted by /u/REB73 [link] [comments]

How quickly did life on Earth become planet-wide? Posted: 12 Feb 2020 11:30 PM PST Basically, how much time did it take for life to spread out from ground zero and become widespread across the entire Earth? By now it'd be pretty hard to find a square kilometer of the surface without life. submitted by /u/Arenten [link] [comments]

What is the relation between threshold and input resistance in neurons? Posted: 13 Feb 2020 04:23 AM PST As above, I am curious about the correlation between input current and rheobase (threshold), I think that these two variables display a negative correlation but I cannot understand why. I know that the input resistance of a neuron give an indication of the extent to which membrane channels are open. A low resistance (high conductance) implies open channels, while high resistance implies closed channels. I do not know how at high input resistance the threshold is lower than at low input resistance. Thank you in advance for your time, submitted by /u/jacopossum [link] [comments]

What exactly does Gibbs Free Energy measure as it relates to the potential spontaneity and thermodynamic properties of a chemical system? Posted: 12 Feb 2020 10:08 PM PST I've googled this many times and asked my professor, however, I'm still a bit confused on what standard state Gibbs Free Energy actually represents in relation to a chemical system's spontaneity and thermodynamic properties. Specifically, I'm referencing the (simplified) equation G = Enthalpy - (Temperature*Entropy), not the energy of a Galvanic cell. I understand why the energy change of a system is the sum of heat and work, but what makes this different from Gibbs Free Energy, and why do we subtract the product of entropy and temperature from enthalpy? For reference, I'm a chemical engineering undergrad in their first year of studies. submitted by /u/gopackdavis2 [link] [comments]

Relationship between glycine, glutamate and GABA? Posted: 13 Feb 2020 03:45 AM PST Can someone please explain in simple terms (for one without much knowledge of neuroscience) what the relationship is, between glycine, glutamate and GABA? Please don't copy paste research articles or reviews. I've already gone through them. Thank you very much. submitted by /u/angeesumi [link] [comments]

Is formation of ribosomes a stochastic event? Posted: 13 Feb 2020 07:19 AM PST Hellos, guys! Brief question: after the formation of 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits at the nucleus, is the formation of the whole ribosome biased by some specificity (meaning every 40S subunit is biased to join other specific 60S subunit) or is the formation merely stochastic?? submitted by /u/Uz1997 [link] [comments]

Why do most anticyclonic tornadoes occur as satellites? Posted: 12 Feb 2020 10:30 PM PST Can't find a detailed explanation anywhere: While I understand that an anticyclonic tornado is rare as is, what happens in the mesocyclone around a cyclonic rotation to influence the anticyclonic properties of its satellites? It makes sense to think about, a cyclonic rotation causing opposite rotations surrounding it. We see this in water - but some satellites occur as cyclonic. What is happening inside, and what decides which rotation will form? submitted by /u/Caverness [link] [comments]

How do you calculate the actual power (work being done) of a device in a AC circuit? Posted: 12 Feb 2020 11:42 PM PST How do you calculate the actual power (work being done) of a device in a AC circuit? The device is a pure resistive load. I got a new kettle yesterday, it said 2000W on the box. I took my cheapo multi-meter and it measured 30Ohms; 240V / 30Ohms = 8A and 8A^2 x 30Ohms = 1920W, close enough to what is says on the box. But it is connected to an AC power source and therefore the device will only have the full 8 Amps going through it for a fraction of the time, and so its real power must be some value lower than 1920W. I've searched a bit online and came across a "Real Power" formula "V x A x cos(phase angle)" but this formula gives me the same 1920W. My argument is something being supplied power with AC spends some time drawing current less than what it does when the voltage is at its peak. If I where to build a machine that needs a heating element of exactly 2000W, that does 2000W over time and not just at the instant the sinusoidal wave it at its peaks, how would I calculate the power of a device in an AC circuit? submitted by /u/irus1024 [link] [comments]

What’s the strongest possible earthquake that can happen on earth? Is there a theoretical limit? Posted: 12 Feb 2020 06:46 PM PST submitted by /u/Supercampeones [link] [comments]

Does having head trauma later influence memory loss, Alzheimer's, dementia and other memory related loss symptoms? Posted: 12 Feb 2020 08:48 PM PST I remember having a great memory back when I was younger, but I have been getting hit in the back of my head more frequently and my remembering skills have gotten worse. I'd go into rooms thinking about doing something but forgetting about it, only to remember the next day. Could these hits in the head be a part of my bad memory and thinking skills? submitted by /u/BitterSweetOnion [link] [comments]

Are there any animals/organisms alive today that don’t fit neatly into a phylogenetic tree? Posted: 12 Feb 2020 09:58 PM PST I was wondering if we knew the rough ancestry of every species or if there were certain outliers whose ancestry we can't quite determine submitted by /u/Nikkithaqueen [link] [comments]

How does sugar cause a gain in weight? Posted: 13 Feb 2020 02:01 AM PST It's commonly known to not eat too much sugar to stay healthy, but how does sugar make you gain weight? From my limited knowledge, sugar usually doesn't form lipids when polymerised. I get how eating fatty foods can cause a gain in weight, but how can sugar? submitted by /u/MetricSystemAdvocate [link] [comments]

Does the brain grow in size/mass through neurogenesis? Posted: 12 Feb 2020 10:09 PM PST I'm taking a general psychology course and learning about neurons and how more are produced in the adult brain through neurogenesis. Out of curiosity, does the brain also grow with the growth/production of new neurons? I briefly researched this and found that sometimes *areas* of the brain can expand, but i'm more curious if the brain increases in size as a whole. submitted by /u/Mr_Salami [link] [comments]

Do black holes exhibit different tidal stress near the event Horizon depending on How much mass they have? Posted: 12 Feb 2020 06:41 PM PST submitted by /u/Character-Comb [link] [comments]

How can things like injuries, trauma, and stress cause increases in blood glucose levels in diabetics? Posted: 13 Feb 2020 12:21 AM PST submitted by /u/Danzibar9000 [link] [comments]

How long would a hydrocarbon need to be before a coil could exist? (If possible) Posted: 12 Feb 2020 03:02 PM PST Correct me if I'm wrong but 1)Hydrocarbons like to be straight or mostly straight 2)Hydrocarbons are attracted to eachother 3)Longer Hydrocarbons bend relatively easier So say you had a ten thousand carbon long alkane, and managed to somehow physically coil it 50 times or so. The coils running next to eachother should have some attraction to themselves, and the force needed to keep such a large coil should be pretty low. Could this work? If not why not? submitted by /u/Derpex5 [link] [comments]

Does Eating Healthier Disproportionately Affect People of Low Income? Posted: 12 Feb 2020 10:17 PM PST Hello folks. I always hear that eating vegetables is better for the body and that we should eat more of them. However from an economic standpoint, is it actually feasible for people with a limited income or people that are struggling economically to purchase healthier foods like fruits and vegetables over unhealthier processed foods like easily prepared mash potatoes or fast and ready mac and cheese? I'd like to hear people's thoughts on this as I have been trying to research whether eating healthy is actually feasible economically. submitted by /u/ObeeseMonkey69 [link] [comments]

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