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Saturday, January 18, 2020

Can you really trigger an avalanche by screaming really loud while in snowy mountains?

Can you really trigger an avalanche by screaming really loud while in snowy mountains?


Can you really trigger an avalanche by screaming really loud while in snowy mountains?

Posted: 17 Jan 2020 07:57 PM PST

Like,if you can does the scream have to be loud enough,like an apporiate value in decibels?

submitted by /u/ikebana21lesnik
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Where does the power come from that is needed to levitate a superconducting magnet against the constant pull of gravity?

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 05:44 AM PST

In an aircraft in steady flight, lift exactly matches the pull of gravity. Generating that lift requires a continuous flow of power which is fed by the consumption of fuel. But a levitating supermagnet just sits there mid-air as long as it is kept cold enough. How?

(Yes, I know that a lot of a plane or helicopter's power is also used to overcome drag, thrown away as waste heat, accelerate, or to do other useful things. Let's set that aside for now.)

submitted by /u/frowawayduh
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How do astronauts keep their helmets from fogging up?

Posted: 17 Jan 2020 09:44 PM PST

I remember my dad asking that when Apollo 11 came out when I was a kid, and now I still don't have a definite answer.

submitted by /u/blly509999
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Are all devices that communicate with electromagnetic waves using either amplitude modulation or frequency modulation?

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 12:42 AM PST

Or is there another way that EM radiation/waves can somehow hold data?

submitted by /u/furriesarebettrthanu
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How do we actually know the half life of elements with an extremely long half life?

Posted: 17 Jan 2020 04:39 PM PST

My rudimentary understanding is that half life can be determined by determining the mass of an object at a given time and measuring its change in mass to determine decay.

How does this work with things that have half lives of millions or billions of years? Certainly the rate of decay would be so minimal it couldn't be practically measured and extrapolated with accuracy?

submitted by /u/AurantiumAmara
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What's the best way to avoid a tie in this lottery game?

Posted: 18 Jan 2020 01:20 AM PST

We want to host a lottery game as part of an event. They way it was done before was to ask everyone there to choose 12 numbers between 1 and 50, and then to start randomly selecting numbers between 1 and 50. Anyone who hears one of their numbers said has to sit down, and the winner is the one person left. We did this with about 50 people and it worked fine, but we're now going to do with a larger group (over 100), and are worried it is more likely to be a tie. Would increasing the range or the number of choices improve the probability that there's just one winner?

submitted by /u/JorWat
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Why won't a p-n diode conduct when reverse biased?

Posted: 17 Jan 2020 05:22 PM PST

I think I understand pretty well how a p-n diode works when forward biased:

The p-side of the depletion zone contains negatively charged ions, and the n-side of the depletion zone contains positively charged ions. These ions create an electric field within the depletion zone that opposes current flow. As the voltage across the diode approaches its forward threshold voltage, the depletion zone gets smaller, and therefore the strength of its electric field gets weaker. The point when the applied voltage surpasses the strength of the electric field in the depletion zone is the forward threshold voltage, and this is when current begins to conduct. If any of that is wrong, let me know.

But I don't understand why current won't conduct when the diode is reverse biased. I understand that the applied voltage pulls the free electrons in the n-side and the holes in the p-side away from the p-n junction. I also understand that this makes the depletion zone bigger. But I don't understand why current cannot flow through the depletion zone in this case. If in the forward biased mode the electric field in the depletion zone opposes current flow, then in the reverse biased mode, when current would be flowing in the opposite direction, wouldn't the electric field in the depletion zone instead bolster it? Or does the polarity of the electric field in the depletion zone change when you switch from forward biased mode to reverse biased mode? If so, why does its polarity change? Or is something else going on here that is preventing current flow?

Please help.

submitted by /u/SwansonHOPS
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How did we realize that there was no air in the universe?

Posted: 17 Jan 2020 11:52 AM PST

Can a person lose fat cells or do they just change in size?

Posted: 17 Jan 2020 06:51 AM PST

When a person loses weight does their fat cell count decrease or does the size of the cells decrease?

submitted by /u/JHB1999
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Definite integrals vs Antiderivatives/Indefinite Integrals?

Posted: 17 Jan 2020 09:06 AM PST

What is the difference between the two? Also are antiderivatives and indefinite integrals the same thing?

submitted by /u/username210801
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What determines how long creatures live?

Posted: 17 Jan 2020 06:32 PM PST

For instance, why do blue whales live hundreds of years, but dogs only live 8-20 years?

submitted by /u/XXnighthawk8809
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Why isn’t the inside of an eye illuminated by the light that enters it?

Posted: 17 Jan 2020 05:51 AM PST

Why does systolic blood pressure increase more than diastolic blood pressure when exercising?

Posted: 17 Jan 2020 04:47 AM PST

Do people with low caloric intake and high physical activity eventually burn the fat stored on their breasts and/or butt to the point that they'll get "flat"?

Posted: 17 Jan 2020 12:56 AM PST

How do succulent plants spread naturally?

Posted: 16 Jan 2020 11:29 PM PST

To my understanding, the majority of succulent plants can propogate only through planting clippings, and naturally don't have seeds. In a wild setting, how are succulents meant to propogate? What natural occurrence starts with the leaf of a succulent plant in the middle of a desert and ends with leaf clippings in the ground?

submitted by /u/ilkikuinthadik
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Is there really a immense intelligence gap between humans and apes?

Posted: 16 Jan 2020 09:01 PM PST

I know people will say that humans are by far more intelligent that other animals as we possess and know an unquantifiable amount. However, most of the things we know are built up and learned from earlier generations. Even if we were a reasonably more intelligent than primates, this build up over thousands generations would have a tremendous impact. There are also many studies claiming that chimps have better short term memories than humans. My question is, if a baby chimp and human grew up in the same environment, with no parents (and therefore no education) would the human really know much more after 20 years? (They would definitely know more, but would there be a huge differentiating factor? After all, cavemen weren't that well off). Is there really a huge gap in intelligence between apes and man?

submitted by /u/Armi2
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Why do house animals such as cats and dogs have much more diverse sets of coating than their wild counter parts?

Posted: 16 Jan 2020 07:57 PM PST

Friday, January 17, 2020

When you diet and exercise, where does the fat you burn physically go and how?

When you diet and exercise, where does the fat you burn physically go and how?


When you diet and exercise, where does the fat you burn physically go and how?

Posted: 16 Jan 2020 06:03 PM PST

How is we can detect transverse magnetisation (MRI/NMR) if spin's can only be up or down?

Posted: 17 Jan 2020 02:59 AM PST

I am reviewing some of my undergraduate notes in preparation for a presentation on MRI. And I'm tripping myself up on this issue (which I guess I didn't question as an undergrad).

If we have a proton in a magnetic field B_0 the spin up and down states split into higher and lower energy levels (Zeeman effect).

We apply a perpendicular RF pulse and tip the spin (which of course doesn't "physically" happen - well only as much as they aligned in the first place). Really I'm understanding this step as on a Bloch sphere. We change say the state from |0> to 1/sqrt(2) |0> + 1/sqrt(2) |1> (and some phase).

But how is it we can detect this? Shouldn't we only be able to pull the observable states out |0> and |1> and get relaxation by photon emission (which shouldn't happen for ages as it's RF emissions). So I can't even say it's just photons + phase or something.

I want to reinforce my understand here but I've always moved smoothly to "the RF pulse can be thought to act classically since we have a system of so many protons". Very handwavy which I'd like to atleast feel more confident about.

I didn't cover recovering classical magnetism from quantum mechanics as an undergrad and I fear that's where my confusing is coming from. Is the answer somehow in degenerate states of multiple protons? |01>, |10> etc leads to many energy levels and somehow that results in classical magnetism?

submitted by /u/Careful-Counter
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Parade of low-earth-orbit satellites?

Posted: 16 Jan 2020 06:58 PM PST

About an hour after sunset, my son and I just saw about 30 lights moving across the sky that looked exactly like LEO satellites (we've watched the ISS pass over before, so we know what to look for). These were not airplanes.

What was notable was the sheer number — about 30 in groups of 3-5 over about 12 minutes — but even more so, they were all traveling in the exact same line about 40 degrees above the northwestern horizon here at 37 degrees north latitude, in the same direction (~ ENE) at the same speed.

What gives?

submitted by /u/stego13
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How do we study about the properties of stars?

Posted: 16 Jan 2020 07:44 PM PST

What does data look like physically?

Posted: 16 Jan 2020 01:26 PM PST

For instance, when I save an MS word document, or save data in a video game, those specific bits of info, what do they look like physically, and how is it stored? How does that work?

submitted by /u/IntrinsicGamer
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Can we use particles larger than electrons for microscopy?

Posted: 16 Jan 2020 09:09 PM PST

I've been reading a little about electron microscopy, and was wondering since larger particles have a smaller debroglie wavelength, could they be used for higher resolution?

submitted by /u/Lynx2447
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Why are dNTP's used during replication (and not dNMP's)? That is, why would our cells tack on two extra phosphates to a perfectly good nucleotide, if they're just going to get broken off again when the nucleotide joins the growing strand? Do the extra phosphates somehow help facilitate synthesis?

Posted: 16 Jan 2020 06:35 PM PST

Any help would be appreciated. I'm looking to teach replication during the next unit of AP bio, and I want to shore up my understanding before going live in front of the students.

submitted by /u/fredrogerstattoos
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What's the deal with lightning and the smoke coming from volcanos?

Posted: 16 Jan 2020 04:59 PM PST

I keep seeing videos of lightning and the smoke the billowing from the volcano in the Philippines. And it makes me wonder, why?

submitted by /u/MyFatHamsterSteve
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When two proton beams in a particle accelerator collide, each traveling at 0.99c, does that mean that their collison velocity is superluminar (equal to 1.98c) to the observer?

Posted: 16 Jan 2020 02:50 PM PST

Does data have weight? Ex If I were to weigh a USB before and after loading it with data, would there be any difference (no matter how minute)?

Posted: 16 Jan 2020 10:03 AM PST

What causes cooking grease to solidify and will vegetable oil still solidify after being fried with any other fat?

Posted: 16 Jan 2020 04:57 PM PST

If rain/rivers are constantly carrying salt from rocks into the ocean, how does the ocean not become salty to the point of uninhabitability?

Posted: 16 Jan 2020 09:44 AM PST

Why is CO2 sp hybridised?

Posted: 16 Jan 2020 06:29 AM PST

I can understand that hybridisation is required to form 3 or 4 bonds, but I don't get why sp hybridisation is used here.

If they have 2 p sub shells with only 1 electron in each, why does it need to hybridise? Why can't it just bond using the 2 p sub shells? Does sp hybridisation make the molecule more energetically stable?

Thanks in advance

submitted by /u/SilentHacks
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Do the planets rotate their stars at the same speed? Is it possible for a planet close to the star, to complete a rotation slower than a planet much further away?

Posted: 16 Jan 2020 07:17 AM PST

I doubt that all planets rotate their star at the exact same speed.

But I am finding it difficult to imagine a system evolving to a point where a tiny planet, that's as close as say Mercury, would move so slowly, that a giant planet like Neptune, that's much further away, might move fast enough to complete more revolutions, in a given amount of time, than Mercury.

It makes me wonder if there are some "limits" to how fast or slow an object based on it's mass and distance from the sun AND the process by which the system evolves (lack of better term?).

Ie: a planet rotating at a certain speed close to the sun, moving at that same speed far enough from the sun would cause that planet to escape the sun's gravity. (I think this rule probably exists.)

But is it still possible?

submitted by /u/morkani
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Why is sweat so salty? Why not conserve that salt?

Posted: 16 Jan 2020 08:26 AM PST

How often are planets found?

Posted: 15 Jan 2020 11:15 PM PST

How do helicopters glide when their engines cut out?

Posted: 16 Jan 2020 12:05 AM PST

What is it that determines what smell a certain thing or being have?

Posted: 16 Jan 2020 02:14 AM PST

Thursday, January 16, 2020

AskScience AMA Series: We are humpback whale experts & enthusiasts who created a PBS/BBC documentary "The Whale Detective." Ask us anything!

AskScience AMA Series: We are humpback whale experts & enthusiasts who created a PBS/BBC documentary "The Whale Detective." Ask us anything!


AskScience AMA Series: We are humpback whale experts & enthusiasts who created a PBS/BBC documentary "The Whale Detective." Ask us anything!

Posted: 16 Jan 2020 04:00 AM PST

Hi, I'm Tom Mustill, wildlife filmmaker and whale enthusiast. After a humpback whale breached on top of me in 2015 (you may have seen the viral video), I became obsessed with learning about who this whale was and why it had done this. I learned about a lot more about humpbacks and their current situation along the way, culminating in a documentary film you can watch now, titled "The Whale Detective."

I'm joined by Dr. Joy Reidenberg, Professor at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City. As an expert in whale anatomy, Joy was a tremendous help as a scientific advisor and correspondent for the film.

We'll be answering your questions at noon ET (16 UT). Ask us anything!

submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Does the saliva you swallow get "recycled"?

Posted: 16 Jan 2020 03:04 AM PST

If Betelgeuse were to go supernova what could we learn from it?

Posted: 16 Jan 2020 01:56 AM PST

With all this talk about how Betelgeuse could go supernova soon in Astronomical time it got me curious.

Say Betelgeuse were to go supernova in the recent future what scientific information could we learn from it and could we test any theories that we currently cannot?

submitted by /u/Mar7coda6
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Can a perfectly rigid body become tidally locked?

Posted: 16 Jan 2020 04:29 AM PST

How exactly does hair, fur, or feathers retain heat?

Posted: 16 Jan 2020 05:01 AM PST

You never see other satellites when watching footage from the ISS, why?

Posted: 15 Jan 2020 02:41 PM PST

How do unhatched birds not run out of oxygen in the egg?

Posted: 15 Jan 2020 05:45 PM PST

I read somewhere that bird eggs are porous enough to allow for gas exchange between the inner nutrient fluid and the air, negating the need to pack all the oxygen the embryo would need when the egg is produced. But how can there be enough surface area or fast enough diffusion to sustain an organism that will grow to be nearly the size of the egg itself by the time it hatches? The reason that all but the smallest organisms evolved dedicated gas exchange organs is because they don't have enough surface area to sustain all their cells with oxygen through diffusion through the skin alone. I'm assuming you can't feel the air currents going in and out of a bird egg like you can feel the air flowing in and out of a baby bird's nose, so the diffusion process isn't that fast, right? How do bird fetuses (is that what they're called?) get away with essentially breathing through only the surface area of the egg?

submitted by /u/HiddenLayer5
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How deep do the deepest sea creatures live that we know of?

Posted: 15 Jan 2020 01:51 PM PST

Are there parts of our DNA that aren't attributable to ancient Homo Sapiens, Neanderthals, or Denisovans?

Posted: 15 Jan 2020 08:55 AM PST

Another way of asking this would be, "Are there any markers in modern Humans' DNA that point to an as-yet-unidentified group of homonids?"

Having recently read a few pop-sci books about genetics (a little knowledge is a dangerous thing but The Tangled Tree is amazing nonetheless), I was a little shocked at how fluid the genetic realm can be, and the number of evolutionary "cousins" our immediate ancestors co-existed with at different times. Does genetic science currently point to any "mystery" groups in our lineage that we haven't yet found any physical/archaeological/paleontological evidence of?

submitted by /u/ProLicks
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Do we know of any human ancestor infant or child remains?

Posted: 15 Jan 2020 06:19 PM PST

How different were they from modern human babies?

submitted by /u/rroach
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How does electricity damage us?

Posted: 15 Jan 2020 01:24 PM PST

I am interested in an in depth explanation of how electricity can actually damage/kill humans. I don't understand how excess electrons can do things like cause the heart to stop beating. I'd assume they interfere with the neurons that control the heart but how does that interference happen on a molecular, atomic, subatomic level?

submitted by /u/TheBeefKid
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Why is potential energy negative when an object is at a solid or liquid state?

Posted: 15 Jan 2020 04:40 PM PST

Why do salmon and eels need to migrate up rivers to reproduce? Why can't they spawn where they live?

Posted: 15 Jan 2020 05:53 AM PST

Do computers ever "miscalculate"?

Posted: 15 Jan 2020 07:57 AM PST

Are most solar systems in our galaxy roughly aligned with the galactic disk?

Posted: 15 Jan 2020 01:13 AM PST

I'm a bit of a back yard star gazer with a telescope that's just about powerful enough to see some of the Jovian moons, and this got me thinking about the relationship of planetary systems to their solar system, and by extension, the relationship of solar systems to their galaxy.

Most (God dammit Uranus!) of the planetary systems in our solar system have an axis of rotation that's sort of similar to the axis of the sun and the ecliptic plane, which I understand is a product of the rotational inertia of whatever gas cloud we all formed out of. My question then is, does this relationship extend to the larger scale of our galaxy? Are most of the star systems spinning in the same plane? Is there a common, galactic up and down? Or if we look at neighbouring systems, do we see them at weird angles from our perspective? In which case, why does this rotational relationship not exist on the galactic level?

submitted by /u/DangerousJefe
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When a rocket is going to the moon, why not launch straight up?

Posted: 15 Jan 2020 08:37 AM PST

I know you have to go sideways to get to orbit, but if you're going to the moon anyway, why not use the moon's orbital velocity for that? In principle it should be possible to go straight up, reach apoapsis a few hundred km away from the moon and go into lunar orbit directly that way, shouldn't it?

submitted by /u/Wiz_Kalita
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Are planes affected by the differences in earth rotation speed between the equator and places north/south from it?

Posted: 15 Jan 2020 01:52 AM PST

Do planes drift as they head away from the equator since they have inertia from the speed of the equator rotation?

submitted by /u/oooooeeerrrrrr
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