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Wednesday, January 15, 2020

Can eggs break inside of Oviparous animals?

Can eggs break inside of Oviparous animals?


Can eggs break inside of Oviparous animals?

Posted: 15 Jan 2020 02:11 AM PST

Like chickens, geese, and platypuses.

If the egg does break in them does it halt the time to lay until it self-repairs; Despite the other eggs being ready to to be laid?

submitted by /u/Little_Lucifer_
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Would we be able to see the landing gear left behind on the moon by the Apollo missions with a telescope to prove we landed there?

Posted: 14 Jan 2020 08:31 PM PST

I'm not a landing denier/doubter. Just had a good view of the moon while driving home and thought about this.

submitted by /u/joegert
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What becomes diacylglycerol if it is not converted to triglyceride ?

Posted: 15 Jan 2020 03:06 AM PST

I'm a PhD specialized in genetics and cellular biology who is discovering the metabolism of fatty acid for a new project, so I'm not very keen on metabolism and organic chemistry and I would need some help on something I don't understand. Please don't use too much enzyme abreviation to be sure I can follow you, thank you very much.

So basically, I understood that generating a triglycerid can be done by linking together a glycerol with three fatty acid-CoA. The first two can be done without further manipulation, giving a Phosphatidic Acid. Then, you need to remove the phosphate group on the third alcohol residue of the glycerol before adding the third fatty acid-CoA, giving you diacylglycerol first.

And here is my problem, I'm using a review (Currie & al., Cellular Fatty Acid Metabolism and Cancer, Cell Press, 2013, 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.05.017) which focus on triglycerids and fatty acids. The main figure shows that diacylglycerol can either become a triglycerid by adding the third fatty acid-CoA or go to the pool of phospholipids of the cell. However, if I understood correctly, diacylglycerol IS NOT a phospholipid since it has lost its phosphate group.

Can someone describe to me or give me a clear reference to understand what happens to diacylglycerol if it doesn't become a triglycerid ? Unfortunately I don't manage to find this answer by myself. Thank you very much.

submitted by /u/Sybraters
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When the Big Bang happened, would it have produced gravitational waves?

Posted: 15 Jan 2020 04:29 AM PST

I was reading about the recent LIGO announcement about the unidentified gravitational waves and it got me wondering about the Big Bang and if it would have produced Gravitational waves when it happened. Is that possible at all?

submitted by /u/Zveno
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What equipment or arrays have been proposed for astronomy outside of Earth, using coordinated multiple devices? An array of optical telescopes? An array of rods on the lunar surface for radio astronomy? Or other equipment spread through the solar system?

Posted: 15 Jan 2020 06:02 AM PST

Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 15 Jan 2020 07:09 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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What happens if 2 black holes collide ?

Posted: 14 Jan 2020 11:46 AM PST

When and how did we discover that space was a vacuum?

Posted: 14 Jan 2020 05:45 PM PST

Wondered when people figured out that space is void of matter, assuming it was long before we actually reached it?

submitted by /u/Creamy_Nubs
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If asexual reproduction came first then how did those first cells ever "evolve" into new forms of life?

Posted: 14 Jan 2020 02:35 PM PST

How did the tree of life ever branch off if it starts with asexual cells. Would they not all be clones of eachother?

submitted by /u/Self_Educated
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How much melt is required in order for a volcano to be primed for an eruption?

Posted: 14 Jan 2020 05:54 PM PST

I seem to recall Dr. Erik Klemetti stating that Yellowstone is unlikely to erupt anytime in the near future as it has << 30% melt present in its chamber. This got me wondering... what is the link between % melt and how primed a magma chamber is to erupt, and how much does this change between magma types (basalt, andesite, rhyolite) if at all.

submitted by /u/GeoGeoGeoGeo
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At what point does gas come out as a burp/fart?

Posted: 14 Jan 2020 02:06 PM PST

Just wondering at what point in the gas' journey through my body does it become a burp/fart and make its exit. What is the point of no return? Does it build up right in my stomach/lower intestine? Or deeper in to the body?

submitted by /u/porgieb
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Why are reversals needed for anesthesia?

Posted: 14 Jan 2020 05:17 PM PST

What happens if you don't give a reversal? Why wouldn't they just wake up when the drugs eventually leave the body?

submitted by /u/Fun_Sized_Taylor
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What causes you to feel terrible during a hangover?

Posted: 14 Jan 2020 11:03 AM PST

I know a big part is dehydration, but what exactly makes you feel like sh*t?

submitted by /u/slowclapworthy
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How does your body know where it has been touched?

Posted: 14 Jan 2020 09:12 AM PST

If someone else touches you, you know exactly where they touched you, even with your eyes closed. I understand that there a specialised cells in your skin that when they sense pressure produce an impulse which travels along nerves to the brain. But how does your brain understand where the signal comes from. I asked my friend this, who is first year medicine student, and they explained to me that for touch, the body is split up into dermatomes, and each one of these have a single nerve that goes straight to CNS, each detmatome covers a fairly large area, for example one can stretch all the way down your arm like a stripe. Using this I can see how it makes sense your body knows which dermatomes the signal of touch has come from but how does your body know where with in the dermatomes becuase the dermatomes are too big to be to be so accurate. I have read into this online and it says that there thousands of specialised pressure sensing cells in your skin for each dermatome but all the travel to the CNS down the same nerve. And I was taught in biology about the all or nothing rule with impulse crossing the synapse (all impulses which manage to cross a synapse will have the same action potential) meaning the impulse travelling down the same nerve form different receptors would have the same signal. So how can your body tell them apart.

Tl;dr Everything I have found out and know, impulse produced by a receptor detecting touch travel down the same nerve to the brain, and have the same impulse, so when it gets to the brain how can we tell exactly where it comes from.

submitted by /u/tiwtfb
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Why do some people’s ears produce more wax than “normal”?

Posted: 14 Jan 2020 09:41 AM PST

What causes the tidal bulge on the opposite side of the moon?

Posted: 14 Jan 2020 12:04 PM PST

Under what circumstances do doctors prescribe placebo?

Posted: 14 Jan 2020 11:27 AM PST

Are there any animals that have evolved inheritable mutations in response to technology, climate change, or other recent human developments?

Posted: 14 Jan 2020 10:32 AM PST

Tuesday, January 14, 2020

Chemically speaking, is there anything besides economics that keeps us from recycling literally everything?

Chemically speaking, is there anything besides economics that keeps us from recycling literally everything?


Chemically speaking, is there anything besides economics that keeps us from recycling literally everything?

Posted: 13 Jan 2020 11:35 AM PST

I'm aware that a big reason why so much trash goes un-recycled is that it's simply cheaper to extract the raw materials from nature instead. But how much could we recycle? Are there products that are put together in such a way that the constituent elements actually cannot be re-extracted in a usable form?

submitted by /u/mabolle
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Why is the depressurization of Taal Volcano a bad thing?

Posted: 14 Jan 2020 02:46 AM PST

The local authority in the Philippines says that the ground fissures from quakes are concerning because they suggest there will be an explosive eruption. However, to an ignorant fool like me, depressurization sounds like a good thing. It seems to me if there is less pressure then there would be a less forceful eruption. But it seems like I'm wrong and I would like to learn why.

submitted by /u/OnlineExpat
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Why is it called celiac disease?

Posted: 14 Jan 2020 04:03 AM PST

I know what it is and I have seen it has been called by many different names (such as non-tropical sprue and gluten-sensitive enteropathy) but where does the word "celiac" come from?

submitted by /u/migaspim
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Is there a relationship between Atmospheric Pressure at sea level and the Air-Fuel Ratio of a stoichiometric reaction in an internal combustion engine?

Posted: 13 Jan 2020 05:40 PM PST

My automotive class at my trade school is currently covering Fuel systems and my instructor says that it's just a coincidence that the Stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (by mass) for an ICE is 14.7::1 and the atmospheric pressure at sea level is ~14.7 psi. I feel like there is more than just coincidence here.

submitted by /u/dXQuarionXb
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Does cold medicine actually help make you better, or does it just suppress your symptoms while your body heals itself?

Posted: 13 Jan 2020 02:44 PM PST

Is it possible to identify allergens by blood test[immunoblot]?

Posted: 14 Jan 2020 01:59 AM PST

can someone please explain how dust/pollen allergies can be understood from blood?

submitted by /u/gvpmahesh
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What is the extent of the effect that humans have on climate change?

Posted: 14 Jan 2020 04:54 AM PST

I really just want to know how much humans are contributing to climate change, and what the trends in the data from the past tell us about today's current climate. And please let me know about any discrepancies with the data, like if there are large estimations being made, or if there are gaps, or events that influenced certain periods, etc.

submitted by /u/crispystale
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How did the Stegosaurus overcome its inherent physical obstacle to mating?

Posted: 13 Jan 2020 07:00 PM PST

Which is thought to have appeared first, sexual life cycles or multicellularity?

Posted: 13 Jan 2020 09:41 PM PST

Why is paramagnetism seemingly stronger than diamagnetism?

Posted: 13 Jan 2020 09:12 PM PST

Studying I just learned that there's things that magnets exclusively repel called diamagnets, but I've never seen on in real life, not even in college labs when studying magnetism. From what I've seen online diamagnetic materials are barely repelled in comparison to strong magnets attracting paramagnetic material which can crush fingers, why is this the case?

submitted by /u/OzneroI
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When Betelgeuse explodes, is it going to leave behind a naked-eye planetary nebula?

Posted: 13 Jan 2020 04:25 PM PST

Why does the body look droopy at later ages?

Posted: 14 Jan 2020 02:18 AM PST

I've seen pictures of extremely ripped older males but their bodies don't look plump and as defined as when they were younger or those of younger ages. By droopy I mean less plump or definition and the skin seems saggy or just hanging. Is this inevitable? I'm extremely curious

submitted by /u/Bloodroseknight
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How do large bushfires such as Australia’s cause the sky of areas to turn orange/red?

Posted: 13 Jan 2020 07:26 PM PST

I've seen many videos of people living in and near NSW showing the orange sky caused by the fires. I've also heard some areas in New Zealand are experiencing the same thing because the smoke has reached there. How exactly does this happen?

submitted by /u/Biggrock03
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Why is tidal height range (difference between high and low tide) different at different places?

Posted: 13 Jan 2020 12:41 PM PST

I don't understand the Wikipedia explanation. Can anyone please explain why some places in this map have extremely high tide height range, but not others? Like between Madagascar and mainland Africa, but not in the Sea of Japan? Why is there a large difference on some West coast locations (Canada) but not others (Chile)? Why is it so high on the West coast of New Zealand, Panama, Northern Australia, and Eurasia, but not their eastern sides?

submitted by /u/Twitchy_throttle
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Why are very low frequency vibrations most damaging for structures?

Posted: 13 Jan 2020 10:06 AM PST

I recently read this fact in a news article stating that a building demolishing exercise was planned in a manner so as to keep the vibrations frequency created by the emulsion explosives blast to above 4Hz.

submitted by /u/LastManReporting
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Where do elements heavier than iron come from?

Posted: 13 Jan 2020 01:21 PM PST

Since when a star begins fusing iron it dies, where do the heavier elements, i.e. copper, nickel, and so on up the table, come from?

submitted by /u/dcrothen
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Why do seasonal temperatures appear to lag behind the solstices?

Posted: 13 Jan 2020 12:14 PM PST

The winter/summer solstices seem to be at the beginning of each season. Why do winter/summer temperatures lag behind the point at which the Earth is most tilted? Why don't the winter/summer seasons 'straddle' the solstice with equal parts before and behind?

submitted by /u/billyllib
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How could scientists compute that the Universe is 13.8 billion years old ?

Posted: 13 Jan 2020 10:44 AM PST

I mean, what is the methodology/calculation behind that age result ? Is it, in any way, linked to the size of the universe today ?

submitted by /u/emrata696969
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Why is the angle of incidence equal to the angle of reflection?

Posted: 13 Jan 2020 12:22 PM PST

As far, as I understand, when a light ray hits a surface, a photon hits an atom. The photon gets absorbed and increases the energy of the atom. The energy of the atom decreases and the atom emits a photon, thus a reflected light ray. But why is this for mirrors in one particular direction, why not arbitrary? I think for not mirroring surfaces it is an arbitrary reflection. But why not for mirrors. I thought, it could have something to do with the atom structure in metals. But you can see your mirror in water too.

submitted by /u/KalinderRandy
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How does the fatty acid desaturase function in algae contribute to lipid production?

Posted: 13 Jan 2020 07:47 PM PST

When calculating thermal expansion, do you multiply the thermal expansion of oxides by their mass percentage or molar mass percentage in a glaze?

Posted: 13 Jan 2020 10:59 AM PST

I'm a ceramicist and I'm making a calculator for glaze analysis. I want my calculator to output the co-efficient of thermal expansion of the fired glaze as calculated by the expansion of the various oxides that make up the glaze, but I don't know (and haven't been able to find out) if I should be calculating from the mass or molar mass percentage of the oxides. Let me know if I didn't explain anything well enough!

submitted by /u/Notginmer
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Botany Question: What are the limits of root thigmotropism/thigmonasty?

Posted: 13 Jan 2020 06:52 PM PST

Roots are capable of sensing physical obstacles in soil, like rocks, so that they can grow around them, right? Are roots capable of moving at all once they're grown? Are roots capable of reversible movements, like a flower can open and close? And if roots can move, how long it take for it to move?

submitted by /u/SleepyinStardew
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Monday, January 13, 2020

Can pyschopaths have traumatic disorders like PTSD?

Can pyschopaths have traumatic disorders like PTSD?


Can pyschopaths have traumatic disorders like PTSD?

Posted: 13 Jan 2020 12:18 AM PST

Upon the eruption of a volcano, can we also expect the geographically nearby volcanoes to erupt too?

Posted: 12 Jan 2020 04:54 PM PST

If you do not know yet, the Taal Volcano in Philippines just erupted and it is raining ashes in the entire Luzon. It hasn't erupted since 1977. Based on my basic knowledge of earth sciences and that the Philippines is a product of of oceanic convergence, am I right to expect that all nearby volcanoes in Philippines will erupt too? Isn't volcanic eruption an indication of an very active plate movement?

submitted by /u/ron_gtp
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In winter bugs like spiders, flies and mosquitoes, seemingly die off. How is it that after the winter they're able to come back in such numbers? A layman would think the winter would cause an extinction of some insects.

Posted: 12 Jan 2020 11:55 PM PST

Why do certain scents and/or music cause a person to have vivid memories?

Posted: 13 Jan 2020 05:01 AM PST

What is the mechanism?

submitted by /u/Sapphire1511
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Why do vulcanoes create lightning when they explode?

Posted: 13 Jan 2020 03:25 AM PST

How was it decided where astronauts would land on the moon?

Posted: 12 Jan 2020 04:47 PM PST

Is it a coincidence that the moon is tidal locked or did something cause it to be that way?

Posted: 12 Jan 2020 08:30 PM PST

How does the bicarbonatebuffer system affect the different compensations for alkalosis/acidosis in the body?

Posted: 13 Jan 2020 12:40 AM PST

I have a trouble understanding som things So lets say we have respriatory acidosis/alkalosis

  • we wont be able to do respiratory compensation? We wont be able to use the bicarbonate buffer? We will use renal compensation, but will the bicarbonate buffer occur there?

In metabolic acidosis/alkalosis -we will be able to use respiratory compensation and therefore bicarbonate buffer? -we will also be able to use renal compensation?

What if metaboloc acidosis/alkalosi is due to a loss/gain of bicarbonate ions or loss/gain of H+? -will we be able to use the bicarbonate buffer?

Is the respiratory compensation solely dependent on the bicarbonate buffer?

submitted by /u/finnishsauna
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Is there a link between the recent volcanic/tectonic activity?

Posted: 13 Jan 2020 03:17 AM PST

Is there a connection between the volcanoes/tectonic activity in the Philippines, New Zeland, Puerto Rico, Iran, Russia, Indonesia, and Japan? I assume the media just blows some things up and that's why I'm making this connection.

submitted by /u/Unofficial_Pope
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How do scientists know that our sun is a 2nd generation star?

Posted: 12 Jan 2020 08:52 PM PST

What does radar cross section actually mean?

Posted: 12 Jan 2020 10:54 PM PST

I've been binging stealth aircraft documentaries to fall asleep recently, and I realized I dont know what it would look like for a plane to have a radar cross section the size of a bird. If I could see radio waves, would I see the same number of photons but coming from a larger section of the sky, or would have the same angular measurement and appear to be a small object much further away?

submitted by /u/gansmaltz
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Do all things with brains sleep?

Posted: 12 Jan 2020 09:44 AM PST

[Thermodynamics] What is the theoretical maximum efficiency of a heat pump? (refrigerator or air conditioner, etc)

Posted: 12 Jan 2020 09:19 PM PST

The title.

I know total entropy must increase, but what does that look like? What is the maximum amount of heat that can be moved per watt?

submitted by /u/_Quintillian
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How do depression and anxiety cause memory loss?

Posted: 12 Jan 2020 06:54 PM PST

Do Ritalin and other stimulants work different on a ADHD brain compared to an non-ADHD brain? Or do they have the same effects?

Posted: 13 Jan 2020 02:08 AM PST

I'm getting confused with all the different and sometimes contradicting information about stimulants I found on google. Some articles say that it helps "everyone" focus, so it doesn't matter if you have been diagnosed with ADHD or not, most effects would remain the same regardless.

As a side note, I have ADHD and been taking Ritalin for a while, I have never gotten any euphoric feeling or seen any "big" changes, I just feel a little less stressed and more "together". If I stopped taking it, I wouldn't care, so I find it hard to believe that some people could abuse it. What happens inside their brains to trigger that kind of "euphoric" response? Is it because they don't have ADHD? Does it work differently or it doesn't make any difference?

submitted by /u/SandwichJelly
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If you put a lamp in a fully mirrored room and then switched it off, would the room still be illuminated? If not, what happens to the photons?

Posted: 12 Jan 2020 02:46 PM PST

Given a Taylor series derived from an unknown function f, is there a method to reconstruct the original function?

Posted: 12 Jan 2020 01:01 PM PST

Once land has become a desert (e.g. Sahara Desert or Gobi Desert) is there a way to revert it back to usable land?

Posted: 12 Jan 2020 08:39 AM PST

So I know due to climate change and other factors our deserts are growing. When I googled this subject I could only find information on stoping the spread of deserts. I could not find any information on if land that was previously desert could be fully reformed and use for something like farming or even if a forest could thrive in that area.

submitted by /u/motherofgoldreborn
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During the final step of chemiosmosis, the electrons flow from the intermembrane space to the matrix through ATP Synthase. During this process, ADP and inorganic phosphate turns into ATP. My questions is where does the ADP come from during the entire energy conversion thing?

Posted: 12 Jan 2020 03:50 PM PST

How do inter-electronic repulsions differ in s and p orbitals?

Posted: 12 Jan 2020 05:14 PM PST

First ionisation energy increases from Group 1 to 2, and the reason is cited as an increase in effective nuclear charge despite inter-electronic repulsion from adding another electron into the s orbital. ns1 -> ns2

However, ionisation energy decreases from Group 5 to 6 (15 to 16), supposedy due to the inter-electronic repulsion caused by filling a p orbital despite increase in effective nuclear charge. np3 -> np4

In addition, the increase in ionisation energy from Cu to Zn is identical to the reason provided for Group 1 to 2. 3d10 4s1 -> 3d10 4s2

This seems to suggest inter-electronic repulsion between electrons in a filled orbital is stronger in p orbitals as compared to s, since increase in effective nuclear charge is the same for all the discussed scenarios (+0.65 according to Slater's rules).

Is it because p orbitals are more diffuse than s orbitals or is there another reason i'm not aware of?

submitted by /u/lurker4011
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Can missiles carrying atomic or hydrogen bombs be intercepted without triggering the bomb?

Posted: 12 Jan 2020 06:28 AM PST

Why do electrons transfer when you rub a balloon against hair?

Posted: 12 Jan 2020 02:08 PM PST

Hey I tried looking this up and I can't find the answer I'm looking for. I have to teach this soon (middle school) and I never learned it myself.

I don't understand why electrons transfer to a balloon in the first place while rubbing it against hair. I understand negative and positive chargers, but I don't understand why the act of rubbing or increasing surface area causes electrons to transfer over.

Thank you.

submitted by /u/Empathize_or_die
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