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Thursday, January 9, 2020

Why couldn't we breathe in a pure oxygen environment?

Why couldn't we breathe in a pure oxygen environment?


Why couldn't we breathe in a pure oxygen environment?

Posted: 08 Jan 2020 07:30 PM PST

Why does water from a faucet "wobble" when the stream is weak and shortened?

Posted: 08 Jan 2020 07:58 PM PST

I apologize for the mediocre phrasing, but I cannot seem to think of a better way to describe this. The attached video demonstrates this effect rather nicely. To be more specific, why does the stream of water begin to ripple when I intercept it with my finger? Moreover, why does the amplitude of the rippling increase as the the distance between the facet and my finger decreases? Thank you in advance for any insights offered!

Demonstration: https://imgur.com/a/tnYkQJw

submitted by /u/Chemist02
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Is there an evolutionary benefit to eating spicy food that lead to consumption across numerous cultures throughout history? Or do humans just like the sensation?

Posted: 09 Jan 2020 01:49 AM PST

I love spicy food and have done ever since I tried it. By spicy I mean HOT, like chilli peppers (we say spicy in England, I don't mean to state the obvious I'm just not sure if that's a global term and I've assumed too much before). I love a vast array of spicy foods from all around the world. I was just wondering if there was some evolutionary basis as to why spicy food managed to become some widely consumed historically. Though there seem to

It way well be that we just like a tingly mouth, the simple things in life.

submitted by /u/RichardsonM24
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Why does nicotine make me feel like I can concentrate better?

Posted: 09 Jan 2020 02:52 AM PST

Basically wondering why I have better concentration when I have nicotine in my system (often added to caffeine as well). Could it be due to ADHD? I know I was diagnosed at a young age with it. Thanks in advance!

submitted by /u/Rodney_powerbottom
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If Uranium-238 decays by alpha emission, does our current science say antiuranium-238 would emit antihelium?

Posted: 09 Jan 2020 05:59 AM PST

Is it possible to turn alloys back into their base metals?

Posted: 08 Jan 2020 07:26 PM PST

As title above. Is it possible to turn alloys back into their base metals? Why or why not? Thank you for any answer.

submitted by /u/DexterTheDoubledmint
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Does the shape or our brains determine or at least influence the way we think?

Posted: 08 Jan 2020 09:43 PM PST

So we all look human, however we all have differences in the way we look. I wonder whether our brains grow into (slightly) unique shapes and structures that allow some connections to be made more efficiently and maintained more easily and those pathways are what determine our personality and the way we think? Basically what I want to know is if our brains are built from our genetics, then are we each predisposed to certain ways of thinking as a result of the structures of our unique brains?

submitted by /u/IMSupervisor
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How do underwater plants preform photosynthesis if the process requires carbon dioxide?

Posted: 08 Jan 2020 08:33 PM PST

Do underwater plants have to ability to get energy some other way or how can they obtain carbon dioxide since there isn't any underwater?

submitted by /u/patrickthestar420
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How extreme is the pressure at the bottom of Ganymede's global ocean?

Posted: 08 Jan 2020 11:13 AM PST

I'm fascinated by Jupiter's (and the solar system's) largest moon Ganymede. A global ocean underneath the ice almost certainly exists and some models suggest it is 800 km deep!!! That puts the Mariana Trench to shame. My question is what would the pressure be at the bottom of such an ocean after taking into account the lower gravity? What properties would the water have under such conditions?

submitted by /u/sidblues101
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Did humans prevent an ice age from happening?

Posted: 08 Jan 2020 08:43 AM PST

Looking around I found out that ice age happens in cycles and we were due for another one for a while.

Temperatures were also trending down until greenhouse gases warmed the planet back up. And if we cancelled this ice age from happening, what will happen when the ice age ends and the planet heats up even more?

submitted by /u/TheRealLians
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Why is Oxygen an Electron Acceptor since it already has a charge of -2 (2 extra electrons)?

Posted: 08 Jan 2020 11:31 AM PST

This seems like a really stupid question, so I'm sure I'm misunderstanding something basic here. But why would an electronegative anion like Oxygen, and others, like Fluorine, be oxidating agents? So if they oxidate another species, they take their electrons. Shouldn't it be the opposite, that they donate their electrons since they already have a surplus?

submitted by /u/Temporary-Staff
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Can Gait be hereditary?

Posted: 08 Jan 2020 05:12 AM PST

Is a person's gait determined by the parent's or are other factors capable of affecting it too.

submitted by /u/thehariharan
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Do animals that camouflage do so consciously (i.e. do they have to think about trying to camouflage) or is it done automatically? Do they have to be able to visualise in some way what the camouflage is supposed to look like?

Posted: 07 Jan 2020 09:00 PM PST

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

Are viruses like colds and flu different depending on where you are?

Are viruses like colds and flu different depending on where you are?


Are viruses like colds and flu different depending on where you are?

Posted: 07 Jan 2020 07:08 PM PST

In the UK I tended to get colds infrequently and very mildly. Since spending time in and then moving to the US it seems like here I seem to suffer much worse.

I figured colds and flu tend to travel pretty far and wide and wouldn't vary much place to place.

However several people have suggested that my immune system is less equipped for variants here.

I'd love to know if it's just been bad luck or if it's just going to take a while to adjust.

submitted by /u/The-Pyjama-King
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Why does both fission and fusion release energy? If splitting an atom releases energy, wouldnt fusing atoms require energy?

Posted: 08 Jan 2020 03:35 AM PST

How and why are bulk solids opaque over a continuous range of frequencies?

Posted: 08 Jan 2020 06:46 AM PST

Hi everyone, I have just realised there's a huge hole in my physics knowledge... I don't understand how bulk solids can be opaque over a broad and continuous range of frequencies. My problem (I think) is in understanding the quantum/classical limit when talking about photon absorption. I understand that individual atoms absorb photons whose energy corresponds specifically to an electron transition gap, leading to line spectra. But why is it that a brick can be seen to absorb all frequencies of visible light? Is this related to the pauli exclusion principle and splitting of energy levels on a large scale to the point where they become effectively continuous? I suspect it can't simply be down to the broad number of molecular constituents of a brick, as the same behaviour can be seen with bulk metals and other chemically simple solids.

Follow-up question: what prevents a brick from re-emitting e.g. 650nm radiation when i shine a 650nm laser on it? It's my understanding that it would instead sequester all of the non-reflected energy from my laser as heat energy which is then dissipated as (broadband?) infrared.

TL;DR - why don't solids have line spectra?

Sincerely yours, a dumb physics grad.

submitted by /u/rectangularjunksack
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What actually causes friction?

Posted: 08 Jan 2020 02:40 AM PST

Typically, half & half is sold "ultra-pasteurized" in the US and lasts for weeks in your fridge. Regular milk is sold "pasteurized" and spoils more quickly. Is there a non-economic reason why milk is not ultra-pasteurized as well?

Posted: 07 Jan 2020 12:12 PM PST

How exactly do drivers work?

Posted: 08 Jan 2020 06:34 AM PST

This post inspired by me updating my graphics card drivers. I know that they're necessary for hardware to keep up with new software, but I've never thought about the how.

submitted by /u/TheDemonClown
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Why don't we store energy by simple mechanical means e.g. pushing a heavy weight up a slope?

Posted: 07 Jan 2020 11:26 PM PST

I've heard it said that renewables are good at generating energy but the problem is storing it to be available on demand.

Made me wonder: why do we use chemical batteries to store energy rather than a simple mechanical method? Say for example, pushing a tethered weight up a slope that could be gradually released to turn a turbine?

submitted by /u/genios
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Does a human actually age slower in space far away relative to earth?

Posted: 08 Jan 2020 08:29 AM PST

Like in the movie interstellar where a couple of hours actually means years on earth. Maybe not AS extreme like in the movie.

I just can't get my head around time dilation.

submitted by /u/KJelles_
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How fast do bacteria travel?

Posted: 07 Jan 2020 04:43 PM PST

Say for example, my hands are dirty. How long would it take for bacteria to "crawl" all the way up to my arm? Do they "move faster" by reproduction/multiplication than by translation?

submitted by /u/jfeliz_93
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When someone with chronic inflammation in the body eats a food with anti inflammatory properties what is happening in the body to reduce the inflammation...or fail to reduce it?

Posted: 08 Jan 2020 07:32 AM PST

Ask Anything Wednesday - Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Posted: 08 Jan 2020 07:09 AM PST

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Physics, Astronomy, Earth and Planetary Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
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Is it a myth that when object approach the speed of light, its mass will increase?

Posted: 08 Jan 2020 02:11 AM PST

I have seen numerous places, websites and people describing this phenomenon.

However, as far as i know...

E = MC^2

where M = Lorentz factor * mass. However, this M is the relativistic mass? not the mass that we encounter every day?

So, is it a myth that mass will increase when speed approach to speed of light?

submitted by /u/CXR_AXR
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How was the mechanism for photosynthesis discovered?

Posted: 07 Jan 2020 03:02 PM PST

How much of a signature do atomic bomb detonations put into space?

Posted: 07 Jan 2020 09:19 AM PST

How far could our nuclear detonations be detected? Could we detect these events if they were taking place on other planets near us?

submitted by /u/DeusExHircus
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Does the portal of entry for a pathogen affect the symptoms that develop?

Posted: 07 Jan 2020 05:21 AM PST

For example, if my eyes are exposed to a pathogen that causes respiratory symptoms would there be any effect to them?

submitted by /u/SOOPASoup
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When you narrow your eyes, why do these things similar to "Lens Flares" or "Light Streaks" appear?

Posted: 07 Jan 2020 06:27 AM PST

Thank you!

submitted by /u/ValeWeber2
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What exactly pushes body to grow, in height and size?

Posted: 07 Jan 2020 07:24 AM PST

Is psychopathy considered a binary diagnosis or is it seen as a spectrum?

Posted: 07 Jan 2020 08:31 AM PST

Thank you to everyone who has responded. I'm still reading through everything but it's all very interesting. :)

submitted by /u/Loud-Sky
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Why does stress cause hair loss?

Posted: 07 Jan 2020 09:51 AM PST

How are bush fires created? Like the ones in Australia?

Posted: 07 Jan 2020 11:27 AM PST

Tuesday, January 7, 2020

Why is it so important to finish the whole course of antibiotics?

Why is it so important to finish the whole course of antibiotics?


Why is it so important to finish the whole course of antibiotics?

Posted: 06 Jan 2020 04:27 PM PST

Hey guys, so I got into this debate with my friend who told me he stops taking his antibiotics once he starts feeling better. Naturally I was horrified but when he kept questioning it, I couldn't really explain why it was so important for him to take the full course. Could anyone explain what the dangers are when people don't finish their prescribed course of antibiotics?

EDIT: thank you so much for all the comments and resources! I'll pass them on to my friend and hopefully he'll believe it's more than just "big pharma propaganda" lol.

submitted by /u/evrthingislove
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Do artificial sweeteners bind to insect sugar receptors like they do in humans, fooling them in to thinking a substance is sugar?

Posted: 06 Jan 2020 05:03 PM PST

Why slightly deleterious mutations would be fixed less frequently in lineages in effective selection?

Posted: 07 Jan 2020 06:33 AM PST

In a study I've been reading there was this paragraph:

If taller families of plants tend to comprise species with larger effective population sizes , and if a significant proportion of the genomic changes we have measured are deleterious, then a population size effect could explain our results. In this case, selection would be more effective in taller plants, and so slightly deleterious mutations would be fixed less frequently in these lineages.

And i don't really understand why that is

submitted by /u/magda1ms
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How are deep, narrow boreholes like the Kola Superdeep Borehole dug?

Posted: 07 Jan 2020 07:37 AM PST

Did it require a 7.5 mile long drill bit?

Bonus question: Why don't they install a stirling engine to exploit the free heat at the bottom?

submitted by /u/Impacatus
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Is there an explanation for why so certain animals like Spinosaurus have that curve in their top jaw?

Posted: 07 Jan 2020 07:17 AM PST

It seems like there's an independent convergence between spinosaurus, baryonx, dimetrodon, diloposaurus, etc.

Is there anything about this or possibly modern species that could help inform hypotheses?

submitted by /u/NYDNPaperHandler
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Why is bond making exothermic? Doesn't making bonds require energy?

Posted: 06 Jan 2020 11:25 PM PST

Are humans the only creatures that have sex for pleasure?

Posted: 07 Jan 2020 12:33 AM PST

do other animals just feel like having sex because it feels good or do they only do it to breed?

submitted by /u/theIHK
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Why is the Earth not tidally locked to our Sun?

Posted: 06 Jan 2020 11:46 PM PST

Seems to me that a lot of the exoplanets we keep finding are tidally locked to their star, but we rotate pretty fast, why is that so?

submitted by /u/karlkarl93
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How much ocean water is moved worldwide each tidal cycle?

Posted: 06 Jan 2020 08:53 PM PST

As the gravitational forces of the moon and (lesser) the sun pull upon ocean water huge amounts of water are moved. I'm wondering (and have not been able to find via search) any answer to how many gallons of seawater are moved with every cycle of the tide.

Clearly not every tide cycle is the same. Sometimes the sun and moon align such that tides will be much higher or much lower than the mean. Also, in any given tide cycle there will be other factors affecting the amount of water moved, such as winds and major ocean currents. So I would expect any answer to be an estimation and only of a mean tide.

submitted by /u/UserNameNotOnList
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How do people measure the amount of animals that got killed in the Australian wildfires?

Posted: 06 Jan 2020 10:42 PM PST

I've seen dozens of news articles, some of which are from credible sources, have stated that about half a billion animals have been killed. Where do they get the numbers? Unless it's all for show or exaggeration?

Note: I don't know what to fair this as. Earth Sciences is the closest thing I can think of.

submitted by /u/Timerstone
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Why are infections fatal?

Posted: 07 Jan 2020 01:26 AM PST

There is recent report of a medical negligence in my place, A woman who came with labour pains at a government hospital had undergone cessarian section. After few days she reported severve pain in abdomen, The doctor later diagnosed and found a Surgical cotton wad, used to clean tissue and internal organs is left behind, She latter died without response to treatment.

My question is if the Infection and sepis are response by the body to protect from foreign bodies. Why it's fatal in first place?

submitted by /u/kishan29j
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How does navigating by Stars work?

Posted: 07 Jan 2020 12:30 AM PST

I know that in ye old times, a lot of sailors navigated with the stars. How does that work when the stars move in the sky depending on the time of night and the day of the year? I know that the North Star is a thing to help, but how can only one star be the tool for navigating the ocean? And how did people do it in the Southern Hemisphere, without the help of the North Star?

submitted by /u/topdragonqueen
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What is the difference between Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate and Saturated Adiabatic Lapse Rate and how do they average in the troposphere?

Posted: 06 Jan 2020 08:14 PM PST

Is a a sonic boom louder at Mach 3 then at Mach 1?

Posted: 06 Jan 2020 06:02 PM PST

I was doing a practice test for my high school physics class and this came up? Does anybody know if the boom created at Mach 3 is louder than the one created at Mach 1?

submitted by /u/Dbear___
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Does the brain get slightly heavier and bigger the more we learn?

Posted: 06 Jan 2020 11:29 PM PST

If the addition of new memories and information means more neural connections are created, would that mean the brain (no matter how small) gets bigger due to this, and if so is it noticeable?

Is there an observable difference between the brains of those likely to go on to complex learning careers (Doctor, Scientist, Surgeon etc) and those who, well, aren't (me, lol), before they embark on said learning, ie as a child? (not making a case for eugenics here)

Is there some truth to the 'big-brained nerd' stereotype?

submitted by /u/LemonsNeedHelp
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How does snapping a neck actually kill something?

Posted: 06 Jan 2020 06:45 PM PST

Can we find planet like objects that aren't in a solar system?

Posted: 06 Jan 2020 06:33 PM PST

Going off the definition of a planet as an astronomical body rounded by its own gravity, do we know of any objects like this that aren't part of a solar system?

submitted by /u/metis2
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Is there a specific point for a chemical where it changes from a gas into plasma?

Posted: 06 Jan 2020 10:11 PM PST

All chemicals have a melting and boiling points, so I was wondering if there's also a point where a substance turns from a gas to a plasma?

submitted by /u/Ciltan
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How does oncotic pressure work?

Posted: 06 Jan 2020 09:30 PM PST

I get that proteins "pull" water in, but I don't find this trivial. Is it through maximizing hydrogen bonds by making a shell around the protein? Thanks!

submitted by /u/FaloOnHire
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Is skin DNA damage from UV light exposure localized or global?

Posted: 06 Jan 2020 09:18 PM PST

Is only the tissue in exposed skin effected or does the DNA damage have an impact on all your skin?

submitted by /u/blahblahblahfg42
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