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Sunday, December 22, 2019

How exactly do measle viruses infect the T-cells?

How exactly do measle viruses infect the T-cells?


How exactly do measle viruses infect the T-cells?

Posted: 22 Dec 2019 04:25 AM PST

There is examples of apes learning sign language to communicate with humans, but has there been experiments where primates use sign language to communicate with each other?

Posted: 21 Dec 2019 12:50 PM PST

We have been able to teach chimpanzees, gorillas and other apes so they can communicate with us, however it seems these experiments have been with isolated animals.

I was therefore wondering what would happen if we for example took two newborn chimpanzees and taught them sign language, that would be the only language they know of then, right? They would communicate with both each other and humans through sign language (and probably instinctive sounds and gestures).

If they then get offspring, would they then learn sign language from their parents? If so, does this mean we over time could generate generation after generation with the ability to have basic communication with humans through sign language?

submitted by /u/LilG55
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How is the heat of a fever generated?

Posted: 21 Dec 2019 11:29 AM PST

How much force would I really need to push a steel rod that is 1 light-year long, on a distance of 1 m?

Posted: 21 Dec 2019 10:37 AM PST

Such a long rod would have an astronomic mass, that seemingly would be impossible to move with human-accessible forces.

However, as the movement would take a very long time (50 000 years according to this interesting take by /u/chrisbaird of another question).

So according to my understanding, I could push the rod with a much lower force, as my extremity of the rod would not "know" the rod is so heavy. It seems the part of the rod that is several light-minutes away would not affect my push. Am I right?

What would happen eventually? Would the rod gradually bounce back the whole meter? Or only half of it?

Also, would it be correct to guess that there wouldn't be notable differences between pushing a rod 1 light-year long, and a rod that goes up the way to Andromeda galaxy?

submitted by /u/bloub
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How do scientists collect so much data on planets that are hundreds+ light years away?

Posted: 21 Dec 2019 08:38 AM PST

I'm reading about exoplanets hundreds of light years away and scientists know the size, density, and composition of the planet (IE: earth like, gas, etc) how in the heck can they estimate these things with accuracy? Can telescopes see hundreds of light years away with clarity enough to see what the planet looks like? Also, how can they tell how old a star is??

submitted by /u/Ecuadorianunicyclist
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Do fruit flies eat when they leave the larvae phase?

Posted: 21 Dec 2019 09:07 AM PST

I have some questions about fruit flies, as they are amazing. As soon as is a bit warm they spawn in the hundreds!

  • I know that they eat rotten foods when they are larvae, but do they eat afterwards? I would say yes because one can "trap" them with some sort of sweet fluid that works as a trap.
  • How is their average life span once they leave the larvae phase?
  • Do they drink afterwards? I never see them near source of water.
submitted by /u/pier4r
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Why do metals feel colder than plastics even if put in the same conditions ?

Posted: 21 Dec 2019 07:04 AM PST

Why does rate of reaction not change when you add product?

Posted: 20 Dec 2019 08:26 PM PST

According to Le Chatelier, wouldn't the rate of the forward reaction slow down if product was added?

submitted by /u/o___k___a___y
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Saturday, December 21, 2019

Do women with big boobs have more estrogen?

Do women with big boobs have more estrogen?


Do women with big boobs have more estrogen?

Posted: 21 Dec 2019 05:38 AM PST

Why are the cracks on glass opaque?

Posted: 21 Dec 2019 07:00 AM PST

If the air is see-through, and the glass is too, why are cracks not?

submitted by /u/nanaro10
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What is the correlation between Adrenal Glands and Central Nervous System?

Posted: 21 Dec 2019 06:30 AM PST

From what I understand, the psychological symptoms of anxiety come from neurotransmitter imbalances in the Central Nervous System, whereas the physical symptoms (such as increased heart rate and shakiness) are due to stress hormones (Adrenaline and Cortisol) being released by the Adrenal Glands when the Central Nervous System sends out the required signals to do so.

Does the overproduction of Adrenaline and Cortisol occur? If so, is it possible for the Adrenal Glands to overproduce these hormones on its own? How does this affect the Central Nervous System?

Is the central nervous system necessary for the release of Adrenaline/Cortisol, are there ever exceptions? Does the Central Nervous System control the production (quantity etc...) of Adrenaline and Cortisol, or only the release?

In what ways can malfunctioning Adrenal Glands affect the Central Nervous System?

Is there a connection between the excess production of Adrenaline/Cortisol and them being released at random, unnecessary times? If so, could this be a cause of the panic attacks that come with General Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder and other stress related conditions?

submitted by /u/AceCurrentRL
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What is a double prion?

Posted: 21 Dec 2019 06:25 AM PST

In a recent article describing a possible experiment to show that gravity is quantized, it is mentioned "levitating micro diamonds trapped by light". How can this be possible?

Posted: 21 Dec 2019 06:32 AM PST

Do all metal salts taste salty or is it just sodium chloride?

Posted: 21 Dec 2019 03:10 AM PST

At what point does a population get so small, that it can no-longer make a comeback?

Posted: 20 Dec 2019 11:49 PM PST

Does velocity of sound waves in a medium vary by the frequency?

Posted: 21 Dec 2019 01:43 AM PST

Different frequencies of light have different velocities in a medium, is the same true for sound?

submitted by /u/boozy_hippogrif
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Does the release of adrenaline/cortisol affect the central nervous system, and can they cause the mental symptoms of anxiety or does it only work the other way round?

Posted: 21 Dec 2019 01:52 AM PST

If one's adrenal glands are overly sensitive, would it be considered clinical anxiety? If one naturally overproduces both cortisol and adrenaline (or uncontrollably produces them at the wrong times), would their central nervous system be altered by this?

Can the adrenal glands produce adrenaline and cortisol in excess on their own? Or would the excess production of the 2 hormones only be the result of a faulty central nervous system? The central nervous system (made up of nerves, in brain) is the root cause of anxiety's mental symptoms e.g such as racing thoughts, lower mood. But it also signals the Adrenal glands (organs, located in body) to release adrenaline.

Does the excess production of the two hormones play a role in anxiety?

Is it possible that the central nervous system can detect that there's a high amount of Adrenaline/Cortisol, and which results in it purposely using them up?

Is the central nervous system solely responsible for signalling the Adrenal glands to release adrenaline/cortisol, or does it encourage the production of stress hormones also?

Do adrenaline/Cortisol themselves have a direct impact on one's thoughts? OR, is the central nervous system alone the cause of change in thought process? I.e Is it the stress hormones being released that cause the mental symptoms of anxiety, or does the central nervous system do something else?

If so, is it possible that the release of Adrenaline and Cortisol cause one to experience negative thoughts/worry due to the association the mind subconsciously creates when you experience day-to-day stress followed by the release of the stress hormones; or could it be that the release of the 2 hormones directly result in impacting one's thoughts? To what extent?

If the release of cortisol/adrenaline themselves do directly impact one's thought process, how would a professional distinguish the difference between anxiety fuelled by a imbalance of neurotransmitters (chemical), and anxiety caused by an excess production of the stress hormones (physical)? Is it possible for a person to have one or the other?

Also, to what extent does the excess production of adrenaline/cortisol correlate with the irrational (random) release of the 2 hormones? Irrational as in there being no environmental triggers: think having panic attacks during random times of the day for no real reason.

Can the irrational release of Adrenaline/Cortisol occur when one has a perfectly functional central nervous system, yet faulty adrenal glands? What about vice versa?

Neurotransmitters: (Hypothesis)

If I'm not mistaken, the central nervous system signals the adrenal glands to release adrenaline/cortisol, and the neurotransmitter serotonin regulates the intensity of signals between neurons; meaning that being deficient in serotonin effects the intensity of the signals sent from one's central nervous system to their adrenal glands, resulting in the quantity of adrenaline/cortisol released to be flawed. This would mean that serotonin deficiency leads to elevated or reduced anxiety sourced from the flawed intensity of relevant neuron signals. Is my hypothesis correct?

Can the flawed intensity of released neuron signals also cause the irrational release of Adrenaline and Cortisol?

submitted by /u/AceCurrentRL
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Hard and soft water have different interactions with other substances, e.g. the lather with detergents. Do ice and steam made from hard or soft water also have differences in the way they interact with the world?

Posted: 21 Dec 2019 02:40 AM PST

What is a scientific consensus?

Posted: 20 Dec 2019 07:20 PM PST

At what point is it recognized by the scientific community that there is a consensus or general agreement about a particular issue. Is it when 60% of scientists agree? 70%? I know that for issues like climate change, rent control, etc. there is a definitive consensus with more than 90% of specialists agreeing. However, I want to know when a consensus is recognized for less agreed upon issues.

submitted by /u/RandomUserAA
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Where did all the salt in the oceans come from?

Posted: 20 Dec 2019 08:31 AM PST

What would happen to a planet with many moons if the total mass of all moons combined exceeded that of the planet?

Posted: 20 Dec 2019 08:17 PM PST

Astronaut starts peddling a bicycle in LEO... how does the wheel motion factor into Kepler's law?

Posted: 21 Dec 2019 02:48 AM PST

Would the refector on the bicycle wheel start sweeping out a greater area between itself and the Earth's center, as it revolved around the wheel axis?

submitted by /u/rzyn
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What factors decide whether copper salts give a green or a blue flame?

Posted: 20 Dec 2019 07:33 PM PST

Why do dioxins remove leaves but cause malformed babies?

Posted: 20 Dec 2019 11:45 PM PST

How does smoking/curing something kill bacteria?

Posted: 20 Dec 2019 04:03 PM PST

Why does the air above heaters wiggle?

Posted: 20 Dec 2019 07:54 AM PST

Like above heaters and hot things the air kinda moves? Also why does this only happen with hot things, the air doesn't do anything noticeable in the cold.

submitted by /u/0404S0X
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When the area of a flowing liquid is changed thus either increasing/decreasing the velocity of the liquid, can this also increase/decrease the temperature?

Posted: 20 Dec 2019 10:36 AM PST

Do overweight/obesse people’s bone structure grow thicker or does it stay the same as if they were average?

Posted: 20 Dec 2019 04:09 PM PST

Has there ever been an adult that has changed his/her blood group or rh blood group over his/her lifetime?

Posted: 20 Dec 2019 10:49 AM PST

Can gravity waves be amplified?

Posted: 20 Dec 2019 07:59 AM PST

at least in theory? I understand that they may not interact with the things we use to amplify other types of waves, but is there something they do interact with?

submitted by /u/smokey5656
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I know its a rare disease we dont have much knowledge of but does polycoria (two pupils in one eye) allow the afflicted person to see from both pupils?

Posted: 20 Dec 2019 08:55 AM PST

Friday, December 20, 2019

Has there been a higher peak than Mt. Everest on Earth throughout its history?

Has there been a higher peak than Mt. Everest on Earth throughout its history?


Has there been a higher peak than Mt. Everest on Earth throughout its history?

Posted: 20 Dec 2019 05:26 AM PST

Im not thinking a higher mountain in total like the Mauna Kea, but rather from sea level upwards.

submitted by /u/dsdrft
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If it takes less energy to boil water at higher altitudes, are there any variable that change the freezing point of water?

Posted: 19 Dec 2019 07:52 AM PST

For example I've been told that water doesn't freeze at the bottom of the ocean because the pressure keeps it from expanding. Is this true?

submitted by /u/SlitherySnekkySnek
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When does the brain actually develop enough to do math?

Posted: 19 Dec 2019 06:42 AM PST

A kid I babysit can solve 10+4 but not 4+10. I know kids memorize things really well, so it made me wonder if she's actually just memorized all of the sums she knows. Lo and behold, she can't solve the reverse order of any math problems her teacher taught her.

When can the brain really start to solve basic math problems using logic and not memorization? And to extend on that - how do we accurately find this out if the kids might have just memorized the answers? And to dump a third, and kind of hypothetical question onto the pile - why bother teaching and testing math skills before their brains are actually able to do math?

Edit: thank you for the incredibly helpful answers! I just wanted to assure you I'm in no way trying to change her approach to doing math, or anything like that. I've been in varying levels of childcare for more than ten years and this developmental stage has always been fascinating to me :) I feel like I can actually use some of the information here to more effectively do my job, so thank you!

submitted by /u/Cats_Waffles
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Why charges in uniform motion can't be the sources of electromagnetic waves?

Posted: 20 Dec 2019 02:52 AM PST

Charges in uniform motion produce magnetic fields. But they produce Electric fields too, right? If they do, then why they can't be the source of EM waves? If they don't, why don't they produce Electric field while moving in uniform motion?

submitted by /u/m_vishuu
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Whats the mechanism for sleep-deprivation induced psychosis?

Posted: 19 Dec 2019 06:44 PM PST

Is there a 2D lattice allotrope of silver or copper?

Posted: 19 Dec 2019 10:23 PM PST

I've known about graphene for a long time, as I'm sure many of you have, but I just recently thought about a similar layout with Ag or Cu. I looked it up and only found molecules consisting of multiple elements. Because they are the best conductive elements we know of (silver is #1, but copper is a close second), I'm just curious. Also, if they have the 2D lattice, do you think they could create nanotubes as well?

submitted by /u/19Jacoby98
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At what age did Neanderthals reproduce?

Posted: 19 Dec 2019 05:14 PM PST

I've been trying to find the answer to this for quite some time now, posing my question to google and some science websites in both "scientific" language and "more blunt" language (I wrote questions today I never thought I'd ever write, so) but I couldn't find the answer anywhere.

So my last resort is here. So, as the title asks: At what age did Neanderthals reproduce? Did they start when they were 8? 12? 18? And I'm not asking when they COULD (like, at what age they physically became capable to do so) but at what age they DID. e.g. Today a lot of 12yo girls have had their periods, and thus could have children, but THEY DON'T. So, yeah. That's about it for my question.

Also, I hope paleontology is the correct flair for this one, but other possibilities were archeology and biology.

submitted by /u/JonasDFB
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How do we know how ancient and dead languages sounds like?

Posted: 19 Dec 2019 07:48 AM PST

Updated: added flair.

submitted by /u/rmrfchik
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Do Black Holes Precess as They Spin?

Posted: 19 Dec 2019 09:31 AM PST

Do black holes precess as they spin? Can the direction of their rotational axis change over time? I assume their angular momentum is the sum of the angular momentum of everything they have consumed, so if a black hole eats something new, its axis will change directions accordingly.

But for a black hole with no external forces on it, is it possible to precess?

If it is possible, does this mean that we could potentially see pulsing quasars?

submitted by /u/IndependenceDayOnVHS
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How much rock does a mountain produce or shed per year or second? And about how fast does a river break rock?

Posted: 19 Dec 2019 11:38 PM PST

How fast do plasma particles move specifically?

Posted: 20 Dec 2019 01:42 AM PST

Why do we mainly use bases for cleaning?

Posted: 19 Dec 2019 12:47 PM PST

What makes bases more optimal for cleaning? Why not use acids?

submitted by /u/I_SHIT_BLOOD__
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What is the process of your body getting acclimated to a new climate and does this length of time vary for certain people?

Posted: 19 Dec 2019 07:18 AM PST

I remember living in Texas for about 4 months. Midway through, I felt acclimated to the climate to the point where a long sleeve shirt and pants were bearable for me in the summer. What is this acclimation process, as in, how does it work in our bodies? Is 2-3 months a normal acclimation period? Does this period vary between certain people or groups of people? Do other animals experience a similar process? Thanks in advance!

submitted by /u/DrShadowSML
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Can memories or skills be created "outside" of the brain?

Posted: 19 Dec 2019 04:00 AM PST

Can someone develop memory/skill outside of the brain? Nerve system is pretty complex, is there a possibility that there will be some neuron connections let's say in a person's heart or spinal cord? Are stories about people that never played an instrument or could speak a language but are able to after transplantation of some organ real?

Obligatory sorry for my english

submitted by /u/jakoboo
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Aside from loss of bone density what other systems of the body are affected by zero-g?

Posted: 19 Dec 2019 04:26 AM PST

For example, would the cardiovascular system become weaker, with not having to fight against Earth's gravity when pumping blood around the body?

submitted by /u/Veldron
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Difference between pseudo-obstruction and paralytic ileus?

Posted: 19 Dec 2019 05:10 AM PST

Hi guys,

Not sure whether this is the right place to post this, but I'm a medical student currently doing my general surgery posting and I'm really confused about the difference between paralytic ileus and pseudo-obstruction. Both seem to be when there is no gut motility in the absence of any anatomical lesion, but somehow there seems to be a distinction between them (paralytic ileus is a differential for pseudo obstruction and vice versa).

I've tried googling this but to no avail

Could someone explain this to me please? Thanks so much!

submitted by /u/kyzzz_
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What actually happens when a Satellite 'burns up' in the atmosphere?

Posted: 19 Dec 2019 05:39 AM PST

So I've seen mention that some satellites are designed to burn up harmless after their "life span" is over... However I'm pretty sure the metals, plastics, and other components aren't literally annihilated.

What actually happens to all of the matter that made up the satellite? Will all of it eventually rain down onto the surface? I could image some of the plastic components being light enough that they slough into the upper atmosphere and eventually into space. Are there materials that could still be harmful even at super low concentrations?

submitted by /u/aslum
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Would you be able to live without an amygdala?

Posted: 19 Dec 2019 02:16 AM PST

Will a non ferrous metal passing perpendicularly though an electric field feel any kind of resistance (magnetic maybe)?

Posted: 18 Dec 2019 11:26 PM PST

So I think I have my physics mixed up and I just want to check, but I know if I pass a magnetic field through a wire perpendicularly I can induce a current (eg. Shake charge flashlights). But if I have a non ferrous piece of metal (for example a bullet) flying at great velocity though an electric field perpendicularly (created by a high current though a loop) would it's trajectory be impacted in any way?

I feel like my physics is all messed up, please help!

submitted by /u/Redalpha2
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How does the process of reducing Indigo to Leuco-Indigo work?

Posted: 19 Dec 2019 07:09 AM PST

Recently in our chemistry class we have learned about all the different types of dyes, including vat dyes such as indigo. For a piece of cloth to be colored with indigo, the dye is added to a mixture of water, sodium hydroxide and sodium dithionite. From what I know the sodium dithionite serves as the reducing agent (for producing the leuco form of indigo). 1. Why is sodium hydroxide needed?

  1. How exactly does sodium dithionite reduce the indigo dye? Can another reducing agent be used in this reaction?

    Comparing the molecular structure of indigo and leuco-indigo, the only difference I could see is the addition of 1 hydrogen ion to the 2 oxygen atoms(each). Where do the hydrogen ions come from?

submitted by /u/BroProAl3x
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Does sound travel farther/more quickly in cold air then it does in warm or humid air?

Posted: 18 Dec 2019 06:08 PM PST

I've noticed that it sounds different outside when it gets cold, like I can hear more ambient noise, so I was wondering if this is just in my head or if this is actually something that occurs.

submitted by /u/kdt912
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Is there different in severity of Asian Glow?

Posted: 18 Dec 2019 06:45 PM PST

My friend is full Asian and experience very severe Asian flush when consuming alcohol. I am half Asian and while I experience Asian glow, I don't experience nearly the severity that he does.

I know this is because of a deficiency of an enzyme, but do I have less of a deficiency because I'm not full? Or is it just a 'you have the enzyme or you don't' type situation.

Thanks

submitted by /u/Kazukster
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