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Saturday, December 7, 2019

How do we know the actual wavelength of light originating from the cluster of galaxies that are receding away from us when all we observe is red shifted light because of expansion?

How do we know the actual wavelength of light originating from the cluster of galaxies that are receding away from us when all we observe is red shifted light because of expansion?


How do we know the actual wavelength of light originating from the cluster of galaxies that are receding away from us when all we observe is red shifted light because of expansion?

Posted: 06 Dec 2019 11:18 AM PST

What’s the difference between lighter fluid like Zippo/Ronsol and kerosene?

Posted: 06 Dec 2019 08:19 PM PST

As title, I'm trying to see what I can use instead of Ronsol that will be just as easily ignitable, because I got this super cheap fluid for barbecue coal starting, and its not refined enough to work in a zippo, does not ignite from the spark alone.

So I'm wondering if getting pure kerosene is a good substitute for expensive zippo Ronsol lighter fluid.

submitted by /u/F1--
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What happens to the food that “goes down the wrong pipe”?

Posted: 06 Dec 2019 11:19 PM PST

Ya know. Like when you inhale your food/drink and you try to mask it with a restricted cough but you're dying inside until you get in private then lose a lung. Does that stuff just chill out in your lungs?

submitted by /u/SometimesHelpful123
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How does piezoelectricity work? (i.e. why are only certain crystals piezoelectric?)

Posted: 06 Dec 2019 06:28 PM PST

Why does water with 30°C feel rather cold while air with 30°C feels warm?

Posted: 06 Dec 2019 02:57 PM PST

How does molecular orbital in banding of lattice works?

Posted: 06 Dec 2019 09:49 PM PST

Why is there a banding of molecular orbitals in compound? I understand there are multiple molecular orbital interfering but given how they are the same molecule with same atomic orbital shouldn't it be multiple molecular orbital at same energy level?Like all sigma bonds are on one level and anti sigma are one level sharply? Also, Is the conductive band in metal is at bonding molecular orbital or valence orbital is a antibonding orbital to explain the over lapping of the conductive band and valence band? And is the conductive band always empty? I mean if the molecular orbital of the conductive band has a lower energy level then than the valence band, then there should be electron sitting in there even when there is no electricity passing through right?

submitted by /u/EugeneNicoNicoNii
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Is more expensive shampoo notably chemically different or having a measurably different effect?

Posted: 06 Dec 2019 04:22 PM PST

I accidentally used my wife's obscenely expensive shampoo yesterday. My hair feels no different, I'm a simple man and I feel like there is no difference other than personal preference, am I right? What processes or effects, if any, is my wife paying for?

submitted by /u/Buckwheattza
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What do we now think caused the bottleneck in the human population ~70,000 years ago, if not the Lake Toba explosion?

Posted: 06 Dec 2019 02:36 PM PST

I read that recent evidence suggests that the global effects of the Lake Toba eruption were not actually as huge as previously thought, and it is unlikely that this was the cause for the bottleneck in human population around that time. If the eruption wasn't the cause, what was?

submitted by /u/Kriegersahn
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How can the UV index be 0, but there be light outside? Are you still suffering sun damage in such a case?

Posted: 06 Dec 2019 04:09 PM PST

Hi,

So I am confused. The UV index where I am often says 0 during the winter, yet it is still light out.

Does that mean that you will still suffer sun damage over time? Even if it's an uv index of 0?

Thanks

submitted by /u/iusedtobeatree
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When marine mammals have open cuts or wounds does the salt water sting for them?

Posted: 06 Dec 2019 10:06 AM PST

I asked this in /r/NoStupidQuestions last night and got no answers so I decided to put it up here; I don't think I broke any rules...

submitted by /u/wojonixon
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How do the mitochondria of sperm cells produce ATP (energy) without oxygen?

Posted: 06 Dec 2019 02:47 PM PST

People with more fat have more total blood volume. What happens to that blood as someone loses weight?

Posted: 06 Dec 2019 12:56 PM PST

Why does it feel like your pulse throbs more at or around cuts and stuff?

Posted: 06 Dec 2019 04:11 PM PST

How does the body know it's "full" and to stop eating?

Posted: 06 Dec 2019 09:38 AM PST

Does it do it by volume? Weight, or perhaps caloric content?

submitted by /u/jelmer007
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Does the power of radiation emitted by a star depend on the color, the radius, both or neither?

Posted: 06 Dec 2019 10:23 AM PST

Color depends on the temperature so the power depends on both?

submitted by /u/B_seado
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Are Homo sapiens the only species that bury their dead? If so, do we know why?

Posted: 06 Dec 2019 01:09 PM PST

Why does the trait of skin color mix together into a shade rather than being one or the other, like eye color?

Posted: 06 Dec 2019 09:38 AM PST

It rains sulfuric acid on Venus. Is there a constant fog of sulfuric acid in the atmosphere, or occasional storm clouds of acid?

Posted: 06 Dec 2019 10:24 AM PST

Could you occasionally use an acid proof umbrella or would you constantly require an acid proof suit if you were in the upper atmosphere? If you had a floating habitat high enough in the atmosphere to have a survivable temperature, could you walk around unprotected with an oxygen mask?

submitted by /u/Jebediah_Johnson
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Is there a mathematical formula for determining the temperature at which a given element will change to a different state of matter?

Posted: 06 Dec 2019 12:24 PM PST

This question is hard to quantify, but I will try my best.

I'm looking for a real mathematical formula that can be used to determine the temperatures that any given element need to be in to be in each of the four states of matter (Solid, liquid, gas, and plasma).

For example, I want to know at what temperature water (not an element, I know) turns into a solid from a liquid in degrees of Celsius, I already know this, but I want to do that using a math formula, and that I do not know. Further from that, I'd like to use that formula to discover what temperature that would turn from water to steam, and even further, what point it becomes plasma.

I've been trying to look for this formula online, but that has proved fruitless, and it may be a sad fact that it doesn't exist, but I'm willing to hold out and hope it's a real thing, and that you at Ask Science know of it.

submitted by /u/VictorLincolnPine
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Why were the diseases brought by the Europeans so deadly for the original Americans but not the other way around?

Posted: 06 Dec 2019 08:16 AM PST

Basically what the title says: is there a reason there were no diseases in the Americas (or Australia for that matter) that ended up being super deadly for the Europeans? By going to these continents could they have also brought back some kind of plague v.2?

submitted by /u/cloud_forests
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Can pigs get/spread BSE type prion diseases ?

Posted: 06 Dec 2019 10:18 AM PST

From what I've read, pigs are thought to pose no risk in terms of prion diseases and so the stricter standards applied to beef and lamb are not applied to them. Is this safe? Do we not need to worry about prion diseases from pork, and why don't/do we? what makes pork different, if anything?

submitted by /u/britishdude1984
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I've linked an image of the climate over several thousand years. What is the huge warm period that appears before the Roman warm period? Also, where is our climate today in relation to this graph?

Posted: 06 Dec 2019 01:13 PM PST

Friday, December 6, 2019

When a woman is pregnant does the baby follow the same sleeping patterns as the mother? Or can they have 2 separate sleeping patterns?

When a woman is pregnant does the baby follow the same sleeping patterns as the mother? Or can they have 2 separate sleeping patterns?


When a woman is pregnant does the baby follow the same sleeping patterns as the mother? Or can they have 2 separate sleeping patterns?

Posted: 05 Dec 2019 05:11 PM PST

Why don't all cuts form scar tissue?

Posted: 05 Dec 2019 06:33 PM PST

Why don't operating systems need to restart when installing a new program anymore?

Posted: 05 Dec 2019 11:37 PM PST

Archaeology in space: does a star, alter the space it moves through in a way we can detect afterwards when the object is no longer occupying this space ?

Posted: 05 Dec 2019 01:00 PM PST

If we were able to locate somehow a position in space that once was occupied by a star for a certain amount of time, will we be able to detect some long-lasting alternation caused by this star to this specific area in the universe ?

In other words: will future space archaeologists find some residu of an object long after it has disappeared ? Could we ever find the point of origing of supernova ? What kind of technology would we need to develop to find out ?

submitted by /u/Justmerightnowtoday
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When did the last common ancestor of the genera Capiscum (chilli pepper) and Piper (peppercorn) live? And is possible to estimate the probable geographical location of this ancestor?

Posted: 05 Dec 2019 04:43 PM PST

What would the time difference between your watch and a clock on Earth if you were to be stationary relative to the center of the Milky Way?

Posted: 05 Dec 2019 08:03 PM PST

When I place out the household recycling, what actually happens to the various plastic products? What process do they go through at the recycling plant and what is the final product they emerge as?

Posted: 05 Dec 2019 11:40 AM PST

What are sterile neutrinos?

Posted: 05 Dec 2019 12:07 PM PST

How did it come to be that so many breeds of dogs now exist in the world?

Posted: 05 Dec 2019 01:02 PM PST

I'm curious about the history of dog breeds, especially what special traits smaller breeds have that allowed them to survive since their inception (i.e. was there once an entire island dominated by Chihuahuas, and if so, what strategic properties do they have that allowed them to survive in a world of much larger animals for so long?). We often think of human and canine geneology going back to the stone age, but I can't imagine a cave man hunting with a poodle.

submitted by /u/ministryofpropoganda
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Anyone able to answer questions about mass spectrometer?

Posted: 05 Dec 2019 09:58 PM PST

A diagram I have seen for a mass spectrometer shows the vacuum hole right on the side. My questions are 1.) Can ions get sucked into the mass spectrometer vacuum hole at all? And 2.) how long does it take to fully create the vacuum as I would imagine getting the last few particles of air out takes some time?

submitted by /u/VallanRK
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Why is palladium a paramagnetic substance when its electron configuration is [Kr] d10 and it has no unpaired electrons in its valence shell?

Posted: 05 Dec 2019 05:50 AM PST

Do humans produce electricity?

Posted: 05 Dec 2019 05:58 AM PST

Do humans produce electricity? If we do how much? Is it enough to power anything like a lightbulb? I've seen answers from 200millivolts to 200volts

submitted by /u/Ztheg23
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how can scientists keep the temperatures inside of fusion generators under control?

Posted: 05 Dec 2019 11:52 AM PST

how do scientists keep temperatures hotter than the core of stars under control? wouldn't the heat radiating off the plasma destroy the metal and everything around it? i understand they use magnets to keep it in a tight beam but how dose that stop the heat from radiating out from the plasma and destroying everything? i thought even heating a tip of a pencil to the temperature of the core of the sun would destroy everything in a 10 mile radius.

submitted by /u/pkingzzz
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What is the physiology behind sitcom's "get hit in the head, laugh standing upright, and then fall down?"

Posted: 05 Dec 2019 10:33 AM PST

I was hit on the temporal side of my head by a soccer ball one time. I remained standing upright and laughed with my friends, but a second later, i felt the weight of my head shift to the left, which caused me to fall down. I did not pass out.

I have seen this on various sitcoms. A person gets hit in the head with an object, they laugh for a second (standing upright), and then they promptly pass out.

I want to know how this delay in physiological response relates to our sense of balance, i.e. the vestibular apparatus, otoliths, utricle, etc., if at all.

submitted by /u/scienceteacher5150
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How, if at all, does barometric pressure affect local tides?

Posted: 05 Dec 2019 08:24 AM PST

How to photons get turned into electrons inside Night Vision Devices?

Posted: 05 Dec 2019 09:43 AM PST

In a set of NVDs, I know visible and infrared light get sent in through the lens and through a phosphor screen, then the photons are turned into electrons, bounced around in a series of tubes a few thousand times, then turned back into photons as visible light.

My question is, how does adding electricity to photons turn them into electrons and back?

submitted by /u/TehFrenchConnection
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Thursday, December 5, 2019

What causes hair to turn grey?

What causes hair to turn grey?


What causes hair to turn grey?

Posted: 04 Dec 2019 02:44 PM PST

AskScience AMA Series: We are scientists who have just announced new discoveries from NASA's Parker Solar Probe mission to the Sun. Ask us anything!

Posted: 05 Dec 2019 04:00 AM PST

We have just announced the first results from Parker Solar Probe, NASA's mission to touch the Sun!

Parker Solar Probe has flown closer to the Sun than any spacecraft has gone before, and its data from this region has given us insight into how the Sun releases the solar wind, clouds of solar material, and powerful bursts of energetic particles. The spacecraft also sent new views of what the dust environment is like near the Sun. These findings are based on data from the spacecraft's first two orbits. With 21 more solar flybys scheduled, there's still much more to learn.

Ask us anything about what we've learned so far and what we're looking forward to studying next!

Joining us today at 2 p.m. ET (19 UT) are:

  • Nour Raouafi, Parker Solar Probe project scientist, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab
  • Rob Decker, Parker Solar Probe deputy project scientist, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab
  • Marc Pulupa, science operations lead for FIELDS instruments, University of California, Berkeley
  • Kelly Korreck, head of science operations for SWEAP instruments, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
  • Russ Howard, principal investigator for WISPR instruments, Naval Research Laboratory
submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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In an asymmetric encryption algorithm, can a private key be used to encrypt information with a known outcome to prove that a message came from a trusted source, or would this reveal how to decrypt all messages encrypted with the public key?

Posted: 05 Dec 2019 03:45 AM PST

Are elements atomic numbers also a ranking of how common they are?

Posted: 05 Dec 2019 08:01 AM PST

So, for example, Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe, Helium is second... does that mean Potassium is the 19th most common element in the universe?

submitted by /u/MinimalPuebla
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When you apply oil to the skin, it is absorbed. Is this oil metabolized like normally ingested oil? In other words, can you get fat from a massage?

Posted: 04 Dec 2019 04:01 PM PST

Why is there a shingles vaccine but not a herpes vaccine?

Posted: 04 Dec 2019 05:25 PM PST

And if a herpes vaccine came out, could it help people already infected?

submitted by /u/Ginger_Libra
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What happens to the body (including mind) after years of sustained alcoholism?

Posted: 04 Dec 2019 05:23 PM PST

Not asking for medical advice nor any other kind of substance abuse advice.

EDIT: conciseness

submitted by /u/amctaa
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In the context of the Ohio abortion bill, how is the reimplant of the embryo different than a surrogacy?

Posted: 04 Dec 2019 04:33 PM PST

Sorry if I got any terminology wrong, it's not one of my strengths. Everyone keeps saying it's impossible to perform what the bill requires but it seems similar to how I imagine a surrogacy implantation in my head.

submitted by /u/fradigit
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In an non ideal transformer that has 1 to 1 primary to secondary ratio, is the power loss seen as reduced voltage on the secondary , reduced current or both equally reduced?

Posted: 04 Dec 2019 08:47 PM PST

What percentage of the human genome is actually useful/expressed?

Posted: 04 Dec 2019 01:50 PM PST

As I understand it, the human genome is the result of millions of years of random gene mutations. Some sequences of nucleotides in DNA get read and synthesized into proteins that act like machines and actually DO things to express that gene in the resulting organism, but if this is the result of randomness then there must be significant wasted real estate, so to speak. Sequences of nucleotides that try to build impossible or unstable proteins that immediately break down and do nothing, AKA garbage. How much of the genetic material is actually expressed?

submitted by /u/Vaati006
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How do I determine if a Fourier Transform graph is chaotic?

Posted: 04 Dec 2019 11:04 PM PST

I understand that the graph will appear to not have any periodicity to it, I'm just trying to understand at what POINT can we say it has shifted from periodic to chaotic.

submitted by /u/Praying_Lotus
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Can you spin a container filled with water fast enough, to create a vacuum in the centre of the container?

Posted: 04 Dec 2019 03:01 PM PST

How does lucid dreaming affect the activation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?

Posted: 04 Dec 2019 03:26 AM PST

How did haemoglobin evolve? What was first, haemocyanin or haemoglobin?

Posted: 04 Dec 2019 04:38 PM PST

Most invertebrates have haemocynanin which I understand uses copper instead of iron, but somewhere down the evolutionary line these two molecules had to diverge. How did this happen and if one came from the other, how?

submitted by /u/pterofactyl
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What is happening as a baby learns to talk? Specifically, what is happening in the brain and what is happening physically in the tongue/mouth/vocal chord area?

Posted: 04 Dec 2019 01:11 PM PST

How do aircraft carriers stay so high above the water compared to smaller and much less massive ships?

Posted: 04 Dec 2019 10:21 AM PST

Would an object burn up in the atmosphere if it fell straight down from a normal orbital height, only due to gravity (zero orbital velocity)?

Posted: 04 Dec 2019 04:20 PM PST

See title.

If you dropped an object with zero orbital velocity from low earth orbit, would it burn up on reentry or would it not build up enough speed to create the heat when it hits the stratosphere?

submitted by /u/snowmunkey
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How are space elevators supposed to maintain their speed when transporting mass from earth to the orbit?

Posted: 04 Dec 2019 10:34 AM PST

Because of newtons first law, the object that is being moved towards the counterweight would require horizontally (or rotational) effecting force in order to maintain it's route. I came into this conclusion because the counterweight orbits the anchored body and it should turn around the body faster than the body itself and applying vertical force to the climber doesn't cause it to gain horizontal (in this case rotational) speed. The speed required must be gained by slowing the counterweight which could lead to an imbalance and possibly break the whole system

If what I said was true, how are physicists planning to overcome the slowing caused by carried objects?

submitted by /u/Theodmaer
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Is the higher sea level during the Medieval Warm Period a result of melting glaciers?

Posted: 04 Dec 2019 01:16 PM PST

In this video (at 4:10) the creator uses Pevensey Castle in the UK as an example of showing how sea levels change over a period of time and this is proof that the climate crisis is a hoax.

During the era of the castle it was surrounded by water, but today it's a mile away from the coast.

Looking at the map, I'd be lead to believe the reason for the difference is more natural (coastlines tend to change over time) than a result of melting glaciers. But I don't have the historical, geological know-how to back that up.

The video: https://youtu.be/-j0ykCVAQVM?t=250

Pevensey Castle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pevensey_Castle

submitted by /u/Dustdown
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Do animals designed to live in snowy terrain have the same amount of night vision as tose in other environments?

Posted: 04 Dec 2019 07:53 AM PST

I was looking outside and noticed that it was a lot brighter, which I attributed to the freshly fallen snow and how it might reflect light better. This led me to wonder if animals that lived on snowy environment needed the same kind of vision in the dark as those adapted to other terrain.

submitted by /u/SaltyFishSticksSal
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Are Apollo-type asteroids carbonaceous?

Posted: 04 Dec 2019 11:22 AM PST

Was Cameroon the last home of the Western Black Rhino before its extinction?

Posted: 04 Dec 2019 04:18 PM PST

Is it possible to get addicted to a placebo?

Posted: 04 Dec 2019 05:32 AM PST