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Sunday, November 17, 2019

What actually happens when you get the wind knocked out of you?

What actually happens when you get the wind knocked out of you?


What actually happens when you get the wind knocked out of you?

Posted: 16 Nov 2019 02:16 PM PST

Do gas giants like Jupiter contain heavy elements like gold etc?

Posted: 16 Nov 2019 09:06 AM PST

Do all metals corrode?

Posted: 16 Nov 2019 09:19 PM PST

Can electrons radiate in their eigenstate?

Posted: 16 Nov 2019 03:46 PM PST

I know electrons radiate at temperatures above 0k and when they experience electronic, vibrational, rotational excitation. I am aware of blackbody radiation but was wondering if electrons radiate in their eigenstate (particularly ground state). I dont know much quantum mechanics but i have heard people claim that electrons radiate when their is a superposition of eigenstates such that the probability density field of the electron(wave function squared) is time dependent and oscillating but when the probability density field is time independent there is no radiation, is this true? How can an accelerating charge not radiate even if its probability density field is static? Also is a superposition of eigenstates just an electronic excitation? Who can help me relate quantum mechanical nomenclature to classical view

submitted by /u/MyfreecamsIsCIA
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What part of a volcanic eruption actually creates a powerful shockwave that can be heard loudly from far away?

Posted: 15 Nov 2019 07:16 PM PST

Does the top of a volcano really blow off that hard that just the breaking of rock makes that sound? Or is it something to do with expanding gases too?

submitted by /u/Friendly_Appearance
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Heat death of the universe seems like a bleak future. Are there other, although maybe less plausible, alternatives that are more "optimistic"?

Posted: 15 Nov 2019 07:52 PM PST

What is the best way to store a battery when not in use?

Posted: 15 Nov 2019 07:18 PM PST

I have a question that's hard to ask.

Say I take a battery and I use it until it's dead, I dont plan to use it anytime soon but i will want to use it in the future.

To retain the best efficiency, should I always make sure there's at least a bit of charge in the battery or should it be left at 0%?

I ask this because I'm not familiar with a batteries composition and optimal long term efficiency/storage rate.

submitted by /u/Roflewaffle47
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What do the bites of Aedes aegypti (a dengue-transmitting mosquito) look like?

Posted: 15 Nov 2019 07:33 PM PST

Do they swell or itch? Is there any way you can tell if someone has dengue during the incubation period?

submitted by /u/tdxxox
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What are the actual benefits of store-bought milk having reduced or low fat content?

Posted: 15 Nov 2019 03:30 PM PST

Using a telescope, how likely is it that we could someday be able to see an event that took place, say, 50 years ago?

Posted: 15 Nov 2019 12:15 PM PST

Is there a delay between a star beginning fusion and light becoming visible?

Posted: 15 Nov 2019 01:47 PM PST

So I've heard on various science programs that a photon of light takes thousands, even millions of years to reach the surface of the sun because it bangs into so many particles along the way.

If I were an observer one AU away from a star the size of our sun, looking at it just as fusion begins would it take millions of years for light to be visible to me?

submitted by /u/Critical_Liz
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Are There Any Demarcations For The Interatrial Septum?

Posted: 15 Nov 2019 12:04 PM PST

I know the atrioventricular groove has the coronary sulcus, and the interventricular septum has the anterior and posterior interventricular sulcuses, but what about the interatrial septum?

Not a cardiac surgeon or anything, just a nursing student (who may eventually consider med school) that wants to know more about the A+P of the heart.

submitted by /u/lift_fit
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Saturday, November 16, 2019

Can other species get Down syndrome/trisomy 21?

Can other species get Down syndrome/trisomy 21?


Can other species get Down syndrome/trisomy 21?

Posted: 16 Nov 2019 03:20 AM PST

Some species don't have 21 pairs of chromosomes but can they get a Down syndrome like disorder ?

submitted by /u/Atrebatine
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What did I see in the sky last night?

Posted: 15 Nov 2019 06:23 PM PST

I'm currently traveling the Philippians with some friends. Last night around 6pm, we were at a beach bar looking up at all the beautiful stars and then we saw something so strange! It was about 20 "stars" evenly spaced, moving at the same speed all in a straight line from the right oh the sky and disappearing in the middle. They were the same brightness as the stars. Does anyone have any idea what they could be? Was it military planes? Satellites? A strange linear meteor shower?

submitted by /u/Kezbot13
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How is the effective exhaust velocity computed for rockets with non-homogeneous propellants?

Posted: 16 Nov 2019 12:37 AM PST

For a rocket with multiple different species of molecules in the exhaust, such as a O2-H2 rocket with 4:1 (by mass) ratio between oxidizer and fuel, resulting in (simplified) exhaust of H2O and H2 at a ratio of 9:1 by mass (or equal amount of molecules), how exactly does one compute the effective exhaust velocity, and thus specific impulse?

I tried googling for it, but every equation and calculator I can find just assumes a single molecular mass. Is there some easy way of averaging out the molecular mass that it can be plugged into the normal formulas, or is something more complex needed?

submitted by /u/rocketry101question
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Why does evaporating water leave rings rather than a solid deposit or a gradient of deposit?

Posted: 14 Nov 2019 10:29 PM PST

What living bird species likely has a genetic code that is most similar to the most recent common ancestor of all birds?

Posted: 14 Nov 2019 11:32 PM PST

What species of bird has undergone the fewest amount of changes in its genetic code, since modern birds first evolved? Is there any way to tell that? With the genetic material we have available from both living and extinct species of birds, we can reconstruct the genetic structure of the most recent common ancestor to all birds, to some extent. Could we compare that to the genomes of living birds, to see which birds' genetic material has changed the least? Another way to put my question might be: genetically speaking, which species of bird has evolved the least, from the time when birds first evolved?

submitted by /u/CornDogSleuth
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What happens medically when you get the wind knocked out of you?

Posted: 14 Nov 2019 06:22 PM PST

I remember how bad it sucked as a kid. Falling from a high place flat on my back and it being hard to breathe. I don't understand what made it hard though. Knowing physics the air shouldn't actually be knocked out of you... Right??

submitted by /u/pianopolo9
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Why do all of the planets orbit the sun on the same plane?

Posted: 14 Nov 2019 04:26 PM PST

When you see model and renderings of the solar system you always see all the planets on the same plane. Is this becuase its easier to visualize that way or do all the planets really orbit the same plane?

submitted by /u/SirGingy
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Why do batteries in electronic devices typically alternate which way they need to be inserted?

Posted: 14 Nov 2019 05:47 PM PST

Is there a specific scientific reason for this?

submitted by /u/Knightmare25
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How does a Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB) help treat PTSD?

Posted: 14 Nov 2019 08:19 PM PST

What role does the Stellate Ganglion play in PTSD? How does administering anesthesia to this area impact PTSD symptoms?

submitted by /u/hblume
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Friday, November 15, 2019

How do meteorologists calculate wind chill or “feels like” temperatures?

How do meteorologists calculate wind chill or “feels like” temperatures?


How do meteorologists calculate wind chill or “feels like” temperatures?

Posted: 14 Nov 2019 03:07 PM PST

Did Huygens potentially contaminate Titan?

Posted: 15 Nov 2019 06:51 AM PST

As I understand it Cassini was deliberately directed into the atmosphere of Saturn to avoid an accidental crash landing on one of the system's moons and a potential contamination of the environment with earthly bacteria. How come there was no such concerns about landing Huygens on Titan? Was this as reckless as it seems considering the views of, among others, Chris McKay ( I know he was involved in the hydrogen tests during the decent) regarding the possibility of life on Titan? How did the scientific community justify the risks?

submitted by /u/demojunky73
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If contact between matter and its antimatter counterpart causes annihilation that is extremely energetic, how is antimatter creation at the LHC safe?

Posted: 14 Nov 2019 11:08 PM PST

If insects can grow larger by being raised in an oxygen-rich environment, can animals like crabs and lobsters also grow larger in oxygen-richer water?

Posted: 15 Nov 2019 05:24 AM PST

There have been experiments showing that insects grow a bit larger when raised in a high-oxygen container. Does that carry over to sea arthropods too? What would the other limitting factors be? How could an experiment be designed and performed in order to test this hypothesis?

submitted by /u/rosenbergstein
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Is it possible for a modern ship to go Canada-West Russia (Moscow) through the Artic?

Posted: 15 Nov 2019 04:52 AM PST

Weird permanent thing in the sky?

Posted: 14 Nov 2019 07:58 PM PST

A few months ago, my dad and I were camping in the middle of nowhere in Queensland, Australia. There was no major light pollution for at least 60 kilometres, so we could see a lot of the stars and astronomical stuff. Around 9 pm, we were sitting there looking at it all, and I noticed a cloud; nothing strange, so I took no notice of it. It was a moderately windy night, so when I looked back at it 20 minutes later and it hasn't moved, I was naturally curious. I asked him if it was one of those huge masses of gas in space, and he said it probably wasn't, and he wasn't exactly sure what it was. He did a lot of science and mathematics in university, so I trusted him. I am also relatively knowledgeable in physics (brag), but I couldn't think of what it could be. I forgot about it, and then we went to bed (tent?) at 11 pm-ish. At 3 am, I got up to go pee, and it was in the exact same spot as when I saw it hours ago, even though the rest of the starts and gas masses had shifted around. At that point I realised that it had to be in our atmosphere, or spinning with the earth at least, because it hadn't moved. It also definitely couldn't have been a cloud or anything physically light because at that time it was insanely windy at sea level, so I couldn't imagine what it would be like that far up. Still now, months later, I have no idea what it could have been. Does anyone in the entire r/science community have an idea? It's been killing me ever since I saw it.

submitted by /u/decmh_
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What evolved first, Limbs or Digits?

Posted: 15 Nov 2019 02:29 AM PST

Did we have at some point in our evolution history we're we creatures with limbs which then started to split into digits or did we have clusters of digits that started to extend away from the body on limbs? Or did both limbs and digits evolve pretty much simultaneously?

submitted by /u/Dave-the-Flamingo
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How does the Aristotle's lantern (the jaw apparatus found in a sea urchin) work?

Posted: 15 Nov 2019 07:17 AM PST

Hello! I'm a non-scientist (obviously!) who is currently working on a design project. While doing my research, I came across the structure of the mouth of the sea urchin (known as Aristotle's lantern) and I'm really fascinated. I tried to read more about it on the internet, but due to my non-science background, I have trouble understanding it. Can somebody please explain to me how does the mouth of a sea urchin work? How is it formed structurally? What is the mechanism behind the movement? How is it held together?

Thank you very much :))

submitted by /u/babybananacake
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How did the spread of the Black Plague die down?

Posted: 14 Nov 2019 01:48 PM PST

So I know the plague was spread by rats but how did it get to such low rates and how long did it take to die down?

submitted by /u/ThatRanblingKid
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Are there any problems that classical computers are better at solving than quantum computers?

Posted: 14 Nov 2019 05:03 PM PST

If I have two stop watches and start a timer, leave one on earth, take the other one to mars and come back. Will they show the same time time counted?

Posted: 15 Nov 2019 01:58 AM PST

I've been trying to wrap my head around the concept of how time is slower/faster on other planets.

So if I have two stop watches and start them at the same time, then take one to Mars, stay there for a couple of days, then fly back. Will they still show the same time? Or will the one that I took to mars have counted faster? Because apparently time is faster on mars (I think).

I just clearly understood how speed is relative and I want to understand this as well.

submitted by /u/Bderken
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How does the quantum tunneling effect limit development of micro processors and how do we overcome that?

Posted: 15 Nov 2019 04:57 AM PST

Is it true that people are physiologically inclined to feel more awake at certain times?

Posted: 15 Nov 2019 04:37 AM PST

In other words, is the idea of a "morning person" and "night person" actually valid? I'm wondering if this is true because I've always felt extremely tired sleeping early and waking up at 6AM every day for work, but I felt perfectly fine whenever I slept late and woke up at 12PM during my university days. Is it because I'm actually, on a physiological level, a night person? Or am I just mentally convincing myself that I am and that I could just simply adjust to this early-morning lifestyle if I'd just accept it gung-ho?

submitted by /u/john_wildemire
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Rocketship going 51%c shoots out a second rocket ship going 51%c?

Posted: 14 Nov 2019 01:31 PM PST

I sometimes help tutor remedial introductory uni-physics, and someone asked this question and it honestly stumped me I couldn't figure out an intuitive way to answer this basic question.

The student asked something like: "If you had a rocket ship that was travelling through space at 51% of the speed of light relative to earth and it had a smaller rocket ship on board and it shot off the second spaceship from its docking bay and the smaller rocket ship also accelerated itself to 51% the speed of light relative to the first ship. Wouldn't the smaller rocket ship be travelling at 102% the speed of light relative to earth?"

I started talking about frames of reference but honestly, I can't for the life of me figure out an intuitive way of explaining that. Pleas help.

submitted by /u/coolyouone
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How is melanin produced in humans/how does tyrosinase produce melanin?

Posted: 15 Nov 2019 02:56 AM PST

I'm trying to find a good resource that can explain the enzymatic activity of tyrosinase.

submitted by /u/Alternative_Stand
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How does CERN/LHC deal with soil movement?

Posted: 14 Nov 2019 02:44 PM PST

I was watching a video on the LHC and this question popped into my mind that I couldn't find an answer to online.

Which is how the LHC in Geneva accounts for soil movement, expanding soils, and things like that, given that it's such a massive structure? Wouldn't it eventually throw their measurements off? I know they need a remarkable amount of precision to electromagnetically shoot particle beams into one another.

submitted by /u/Domorama
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Why is it often the case that invasive species outcompete native ones when native species have evolved specifically to be best suited to their environment?

Posted: 14 Nov 2019 01:13 PM PST

What keeps the galaxies intact?

Posted: 14 Nov 2019 02:58 PM PST

Trying to explain myself better, according to scientists, the matter that we can see, is not enough to hold the galaxies together, so there must be a matter that we don't see, that only interacts gravitationally with the "normal" matter. But as far as we know, do we have evidence that it is the dark matter that keeps the galaxies intact? Or could it be magic or the power of God or stuff like that, holding the galaxies together?

Sorry if my question seems stupid to you, and for my mistakes in writing English.

submitted by /u/TristoMietiTrebbia
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Is the Earth completely neutral or is more acidic or basic? Why?

Posted: 14 Nov 2019 01:12 PM PST

At least in soils, it seems that the majority of Earth's soils are acidic. This makes me wonder if the Earth is majority acidic.

submitted by /u/Crawfish1997
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Is there any actual difference in battery technology or is it all marketing like "quantum" batteries from Duracell?

Posted: 14 Nov 2019 11:16 AM PST

How do bugs survive winter by hiding in tiny cracks, when big animals like us are so vulnerable to it?

Posted: 14 Nov 2019 10:17 AM PST

When light enters a black hole and then fails to exit it, would the black hole not cause the light to slow down below the speed of light which, should be impossible for light in a vacuum?

Posted: 14 Nov 2019 10:38 AM PST

Has there been any progress of pinning down the free parameters of generalizations of general relativity like Brans-Dicke or Kaluza-Klein so that we can actually calculate with them?

Posted: 14 Nov 2019 02:05 PM PST

I heard somewhere that at low energies superstring theory reduces to a version of Brans-Dicke, which is basically general relativity with an extra scalar field instead of the gravitational constant G. If this is true, then if we can determine a decent value of ω, won't that help narrow down the string theory landscape? I'm curious about this kind of approach because it sounds like we might not get any experimental evidence for string theory at the quantum scale any time soon, but perhaps there's a way at much larger scales?

submitted by /u/schottm
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Thursday, November 14, 2019

How did ancient people keep stored water supplies such as cisterns safe to drink?

How did ancient people keep stored water supplies such as cisterns safe to drink?


How did ancient people keep stored water supplies such as cisterns safe to drink?

Posted: 13 Nov 2019 07:38 PM PST

This has bothered me for quite some time. I get that a lot of people died of diseases and such. Standing, stagnant water allways looks so disgusting. Was the ones who lived immune systems so much better or were they able to keep the cistern free of diseases using plants or something?

submitted by /u/Jet-Streem
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Do citizen science programs like Zooniverse contribute to scientific research to a meaningful extent?

Posted: 13 Nov 2019 09:43 PM PST

Recently came across a program called Galaxy Zoo (hence the astronomy flair) and I am just wondering how useful are these types of things to scientists?

submitted by /u/UpsidedownEngineer
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Why does ions like iron or copper have “varying charge” so that there’s iron(3) and iron(2)?

Posted: 14 Nov 2019 01:08 AM PST

Can insects fly in the rain?

Posted: 13 Nov 2019 01:01 PM PST

Why is the average height of humans increasing over time?

Posted: 13 Nov 2019 12:22 AM PST

Napoleon, who was known for his short stature, was average height in his day. During the American Revolution, the average male height was 5'6.

Does this mean that taller people are "fitter" to survive?

submitted by /u/siraaris
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When you leave a carbonated drink to sit for a while after being shaken to avoid it fizzing over, what is actually happening here?

Posted: 12 Nov 2019 09:25 PM PST

How acutely aware are animals of mutations?

Posted: 12 Nov 2019 09:50 PM PST

So there was recently a picture on r/all of a dog with a small nonfunctional tail on its forehead.

So it got me wondering exactly how aware are animals of mutations like that? With the example above would the dog be shunned? Is it with as visceral a reaction as humans in the old days? Do they perhaps only care about mutations that affect ability or do they care about aesthetic mutations as well?

submitted by /u/ThisIsDark
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What makes things soluble?

Posted: 13 Nov 2019 12:52 AM PST

Is there any reason why the arctic is an ocean surrounded by continents and the antarctic is a continent surrounded by oceans, and both pretty much centered, other than coincidence?

Posted: 12 Nov 2019 07:41 PM PST

If Rheumatoid arthritis (or really any autoimmune disease) is caused by your immune system attacking specific tissues/cells, then why does doing things that would lower your immune system (such as overexertion, poor sleep, or stress) cause you to have a "flare up"?

Posted: 12 Nov 2019 01:50 PM PST

Autoimmune diseases are caused by your immune system developing antibodies to specific tissue's in your body. So, how is it that in situations where your immune system is naturally lower, like during periods of high stress, lack of sleep, and excess exercise, your symptoms worsen? Is it simply a matter of interrupting some sort of war between regenerating cells and attacking antibodies?

submitted by /u/miking3939
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