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Sunday, October 20, 2019

If the recipient of an organ donation dies before the donor, could the donated organ be returned to the donor?

If the recipient of an organ donation dies before the donor, could the donated organ be returned to the donor?

If the recipient of an organ donation dies before the donor, could the donated organ be returned to the donor?

Posted: 19 Oct 2019 07:29 PM PDT

I've been re-watching the TV show Lost, and if you're not familiar with it, one character donates a kidney to another. Later in the show, the recipient of the kidney dies, and the SO of the donor jokes, "Maybe he left you a kidney."

Could the donated kidney theoretically be returned to the donor's body? If so, what might be the medical implications? Would it transfer the recipient's illness to the donor? Would immunosuppressants need to be given to the donor?

Thanks in advance for any answers or suggestions where to learn more!

submitted by /u/werterland
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The Younger Dryas climate change event occurred around 12,000 years ago and was more rapid (change of about 5 degrees in a few decades) than the climate change happening today. How does it compare to modern climate change? Was there significant extinction and damage to the environment?

Posted: 19 Oct 2019 03:35 AM PDT

More information from wiki:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younger_Dryas

However there is no comparison there with modern climate change and the effects of the Younger Dryas compared to the projected effects of modern climate change, which is what I'm interested in.

submitted by /u/DrBoomkin
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Why does an accelerating electron(or any other charged particle) radiate electromagnetic radiation?

Posted: 20 Oct 2019 07:57 AM PDT

If you dip a red litmus paper into basic solution, and then dip that litmus paper into an acidic solution, would it turn from blue to red?

Posted: 19 Oct 2019 08:08 PM PDT

So I know that dipping red litmus paper into a base will turn it blue. But suppose I then dipped that litmus paper into an acid, would it go back to red?

submitted by /u/tg9871
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Can someone explain to me Foucaults Pendulum and the Coriolis affect?

Posted: 20 Oct 2019 06:25 AM PDT

So I watched this video, which explains how Foucault's Pendulum works. But I am confused.

The video explains the Coriolis effect. He says it has to do with the earth rotating faster at the equator. Wouldn't that mean the effect only affects a cannonball with a north or south trajectory? What if the cannonball was shot directly east or west?

As for Foucault's Pendulum, why is the plane that the pendulum rotates in separate from the rotation of the earth?

The pendulum is attached to the string, which is attached to the building, which is attached to the earth, so shouldn't the movement of the room also move the string, which would move the pendulum? Why would the swinging of the pendulum change in relation to the ground?

Thanks.

Edit: This image has helped me understand a bit, I was thinking about it the wrong way. I was thinking on the earth passing under the pendulum due to the rotation of the earth, rather than it spinning like a record underneath. Although I am still pretty darn confused about it all.

Edit2: After sitting in a swivel chair and playing with a usb cord and flash drive, I think I understand a bit more but could still use some help understanding. I don't really get how it works anywhere besides the north and south pole, and obviously I can't really think of a good way to simulate that with my chair lol.

Edit 3: I tried searching the term Foucault's pendulum in the sub, but I can't really find a good answer.

submitted by /u/EktarPross
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Body temperatures of deep sea animals?

Posted: 19 Oct 2019 05:20 PM PDT

I've read recently that deep sea temperatures are usually around 2°C. How do the body temperatures of deep sea animals relate to this? Wouldn't life just not be able to function at such low temperatures? Or is their biology so fundamentally different than ours that it doesn't even effect them? Bonus points if anyone could give me an example of an animals average body temp

submitted by /u/mobywan152
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What does "bubble through mean?

Posted: 19 Oct 2019 05:35 PM PDT

Hello, I've recently come across a term bubble through in chemistry... e.g. bubble gas form ammonia through liquid form methanol. What is the actual name for this process and how is it performed? Thank you.

submitted by /u/lijuas
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How “sharp” is a black hole’s event horizon? If I flew past a black hole at a relativistic speed, and accidentally “clipped” the event horizon with a single molecule of my ship, would that molecule of spaceship break off and be sucked into the singularity?

Posted: 18 Oct 2019 11:34 PM PDT

Why are serotonin agonists used to stop acute migraine, while serotonin antagonists are used for its prevention?

Posted: 18 Oct 2019 10:00 PM PDT

Could somebody explain why triptans which are 5-HT agonists are used in the management of acute migraine, while pizotifen - a 5-HT antagonist is used for their prevention. I know the pathophysiology isn't perfectly understood but I'm struggling to wrap my head around this

submitted by /u/jk4728
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Relativistic length contraction: a nuclear bomb that explodes or not depending on observer?

Posted: 19 Oct 2019 02:14 AM PDT

I make a near-critical sphere of u-235.

I accelerate it to near the speed of light.

In the reference frame of the sphere, it's still a sphere.

In the reference frame of an observer at rest, this sphere has contracted to a critical density.

Does the chain reaction occur from the point of view of the stationary observer? If it does, how does that reconcile with it not occurring from the point of view of the sphere? This is some variant of known 'paradoxes', but I can't get my head around it.

submitted by /u/nmsl_chinese
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What happens that causes yellowed plastic to whiten when submerged in hydrogen peroxide and exposed to sunlight?

Posted: 19 Oct 2019 02:18 AM PDT

I have LEGO bricks soaking in 3% hydrogen peroxide and some oxy-clean, and over the course of a few days they have gotten whiter.

I understand that there is Bromide in the composition for the plastic bricks, and when exposed to sunlight this separates from the ABS and rises to the surface - resulting in yellowing.

What is actually happening in my jar? Can anyone provide a more scientific response other than, brick turn whiter and less yellow. I'm genuinely interested to know as stuff this lie fascinated me to no end.

Thanks

Edit: Also what role does sunlight play in this? I've been told the UV rays from the sun speeds up the whitening process although can be substituted for heat. I have had the jar sitting outside but I live in the UK and we've had little direct sunlight

submitted by /u/TrooperNI
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Why do so many species reproduce in specific locations?

Posted: 18 Oct 2019 10:05 PM PDT

Salmon reproduce in the same location they were born, and I believe many other species have "breeding grounds". What is the evolutionary reason for this behavior, or if it's a vestigial behavior, what was it's use in earlier species?

submitted by /u/RopeySloth
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Why is a graphics card inside the PC instead of inside the monitor?

Posted: 18 Oct 2019 10:26 PM PDT

There must be a reason I'm sure, I'm just wondering what it is.

submitted by /u/stickfigureenthusias
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In what ways will the death of the red supergiant UY Scuti be different than the death of our own sun?

Posted: 18 Oct 2019 08:28 PM PDT

Does TSA (Trichostatin A) have an effect on Gram-Positive or Gram-Negative organisms or both?

Posted: 18 Oct 2019 07:02 PM PDT

Been trying to find an answer online and I can't find anything.

Any help is appreciated!

submitted by /u/codysgameworld
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Saturday, October 19, 2019

Is a solar storm the same as an CME?

Is a solar storm the same as an CME?

Is a solar storm the same as an CME?

Posted: 18 Oct 2019 04:37 AM PDT
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Friday, October 18, 2019

What percentage of people with major depressive disorder has suicidal thoughts?

What percentage of people with major depressive disorder has suicidal thoughts?

What percentage of people with major depressive disorder has suicidal thoughts?

Posted: 18 Oct 2019 04:16 AM PDT

So I am curious as to what percentage of people who are diagnosed with major depressive disorder have suicidal thoughts.

I have tried Google and can't find a straight answer for this. I hope this question is okay to ask on this sub.

Edit: Since people have talked about their experiences with ideation I've tagged this post as NSFW.

Edit: Since /r/askscience does not allow personal anecdotes and is based on answering scientific questions; in case anyone reading this needs it the following communities are targeted at discussing/asking for guidance on mental health and depression :

/r/mentalhealth /r/depression /r/SuicideWatch /r/Anxiety /r/StopSelfHarm

submitted by /u/nnawkwardredpandann
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When the end of a garden hose is oscillated, the water will make curves in the air. If a laser pointer oscillated fast enough and you had a camera quick enough, would the resulting image show the light behaving similar to the water?

Posted: 18 Oct 2019 05:36 PM PDT

The velocity of an individual water molecule is the sum of its flow rate out of the hose and the translational velocity of the end of the hose. The velocity of the light from the laser cannot surpass C, but (assuming light as a particle?) will the direction of the protruding light follow the direction of the sum of the velocity of light and the translational velocity of the laser pointer? This is similar to the 'Turn your headlights on while driving near light-speed' question, but I think different because the velocity added is perpendicular rather than in the same direction.

submitted by /u/w1ld_c4rd
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Phases of water ice

Posted: 18 Oct 2019 11:12 AM PDT

By "phases", I'm talking about things like Ice IV and Ice X, not the fact that the water is frozen.

There are 18 known solid christalline phases of water (kinds of water ice). My questions here also pertain to amorphous ice and square ice.

  • Are the differences merely in structure and formation, or do they exhibit different behaviors?
  • Would it be safe to drink ice water (the beverage) that contains ice other than Ice Ih?
  • Do these other phases appear in Nature, or do we have to create them in a lab?
  • I can see all kinds of neat characteristics of each on Wikipedia, but these characteristics are the kind you would read about in a lab report based on the special analysis tools they have. Do the different ice phases exhibit tangible differences we could detect with our own senses if we had a block of it sitting in front of us?
  • Do other compounds and elements exhibit different forms of ice (solid state phases) like water does?
submitted by /u/ratiocinator2
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How can a cell protect itself from foreign DNA ?

Posted: 18 Oct 2019 10:59 AM PDT

How does light that is the combination of specific frequencies excite electrons that require quantized amounts of energy that do not correspond with those light frequencies?

Posted: 18 Oct 2019 01:35 PM PDT

I can combine red, green, and blue light to get white light. That gives me three wavelengths, thus three energy levels. Let's say I shine this light on an object with many colors, thus many materials, thus many different energy levels electrons can be excited to. How do the photons of that white light become the specific frequencies required to excite those electrons when they were none of those frequencies to begin with?

submitted by /u/Downer_Guy
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When mummified/preserved dinosaur or ancient animal remains are found, do they carry prehistoric or 'extinct' pathogens that could be a danger to modern humans?

Posted: 18 Oct 2019 03:46 AM PDT

Was wondering if there's any health risk to archeologists, scientists, or even society at large when ancient remains are unearthed. Just saw this post and was wondering if that foot could contain any diseases/pathogens that humans have no immunity to, and which could cause some kind of epidemic. I know that smallpox was lethal amongst native Americans because they didn't have any immunity to it since they'd never encountered it, so I wonder if there could be a similar case with a never-seen-before pathogen from these prehistoric remains. Thanks

submitted by /u/whiskeyinthejar-o
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Why is the boiling point of a mixture in between that of the two constituents?

Posted: 18 Oct 2019 12:29 PM PDT

In other words, why doesn't the more volatile constituent boil off first, leaving the less volatile constituent in liquid form. I'd like to understand what is happening at a molecular level.

submitted by /u/bnpm
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When something is stuck in another thing, say a cork in a bottle. Why is it easier to twist and pull it out, than to just pull it straight out?

Posted: 18 Oct 2019 09:07 AM PDT

How does earth compare to what we know about exoplanets in the circumsteller habitable zone?

Posted: 18 Oct 2019 12:43 AM PDT

Been watching a bunch of Star Trek, and I started to wonder: If we take the traditional idea of oxygen-breathing aliens evolving on a planet with a day-night cycle and a temperature where liquid water is common on the surface, how does earth compare? Are earthlings from a heavy gravity planet? Or a light gravity planet? What about the color and intensity of sunlight?

From what I've found while searching, red dwarfs would be unlikely to have an habitable zone planet that wasn't tidally locked, so that's out of the bounds of the question. K dwarfs look promising though, and are more common than G type stars, as well as a longer interstellar lifespan. If that is true, then the average hypothetical alien would be used to a more orangish "sunlight". Not sure how that would translate to the intensity of sunlight on the surface, of how the atmosphere would change the color of the starlight.

Planetary mass is a harder question for me, as a layman to answer. Obviously our systems are biased towards finding heavier planets, but there's likely some statistical analysis that I'm not aware of, showing the likelyhood of smaller planets. Too small, and obviously the planet cannot hold onto an atmosphere. Not sure where the bound is though, nor the upper bound where the planet becomes too large to avoid being a gas giant. (Plate tectonics would be another factor, but the science seems unsettled if superearths would have active plate tectonics).

So, thoughts? I know this is a little speculative, but I'm just wondering.

submitted by /u/dasunt
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Does the chlorine used to disinfect drinking water in cities all over the country actually cause severe and chronic problems with our gut microbiome over time?

Posted: 18 Oct 2019 07:09 AM PDT

When you google it, the first answer is: 'No studies have confirmed this is a problem, but you should take pro-biotics just in case.'

'No studies have confirmed it... yet, if you've ever had a betta fish and lived in the city where I live- the tap water kills the fish within 5 minutes (if you don't let it rest, or use drops).

A 1987 Toxicology study found that consumption of water with even fairly low levels of monochloramine, a commonly used disinfectant that persists in drinking water longer than chlorine, disrupted the immune systems of rats—a finding that's notable given the strong link between the human immune system and gut microbes.

What are the actual implications of this? With all of this recent research linking gut bacteria to our health and mental well-being?

https://www.motherjones.com/environment/2014/08/case-against-chlorinated-tap-water/

submitted by /u/69intheportapotty
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What is happening inside an atom that doesn't make an electron lose its energy the way it would in a cyclotron?

Posted: 18 Oct 2019 01:23 AM PDT

I understand the fundamentals of QM, that the atom acts as a potential well and the energy states get quantised, hence electrons can have only certain wavefunctions. But what about this quantisation 'stabilizes' the electron so that it doesn't radiate energy, the way it would if it was accelerating in a cyclotron?

submitted by /u/ahsuna
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How exactly does air traffic control radars work? (Civilian systems only if there’s a difference between civilian and government)

Posted: 18 Oct 2019 10:17 AM PDT

Do planes need to be at a certain altitude to be tracked in the "blip". Do they need certain FAA requirements to be seen on radar, do they need specific speed, or mass? All of the above?

submitted by /u/Spcone23
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"If an astronaut floated away more or less at a right angle from the station's orbit, orbital dynamics dictate that he would float back toward the station in about an hour." How does this work?

Posted: 18 Oct 2019 07:45 AM PDT

In microbiology, what is the criteria of classifying herbivores and carnivores?

Posted: 18 Oct 2019 05:30 AM PDT

In the macro world, a plant is a living being that uses photosynthesis for food with no mind or motor function so to say, right?

And a herbivore is an animal that eats plants while a carnivore is an animal that eats other animals.

In my mind, biologically speaking, carnivores and herbivores are very similar, while plants are very much different.

Well, in the microscopic world, would a small single cell organism, such as an amoeba- eating plant material (single celled organism that use photosynthesis for food such as algae) be considered a herbivore or carnivore?

I'm asking because I'm my mind comparing a lion to a horse is not the same as comparing a horse to hay.

While comparing an amoeba to a diatom doesn't seem to make as much of a difference as a horse to hay.

I hope my question make sense...

I came across this question while watching a tardigrade video where I inferred that some tardigrades are herbivores while others are omnivore/carnivore. So the question popped in my mind; at that scale, does it really count/matter?

submitted by /u/Muhabla
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Does the refractive index of a transparent material change when it's electrostatically charged?

Posted: 17 Oct 2019 11:42 PM PDT

I'm talking about the refractive index for light in the visible spectrum, i.e. non-ionizing radiation. Would the charge affect the refractive index of the material?

submitted by /u/MutatedAlgorithm
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What are the implications of the electromagnetic force and weak nuclear force, being unified into the electroweak force?

Posted: 18 Oct 2019 11:36 AM PDT

With millions of people using antibacterial hand wash and the rinse being washed in to our waterways. What effect is it having on our natural environment and living organisms?

Posted: 18 Oct 2019 01:54 AM PDT

How does the total quantity of plastic in the world compare to other, natural resources?

Posted: 18 Oct 2019 05:35 AM PDT

Is there any difference between Kinyoun stain and Ziehl-Neelsen stain, besides heating?

Posted: 18 Oct 2019 05:25 AM PDT

Why is radioactivity measured in half-lives?

Posted: 17 Oct 2019 04:41 PM PDT

How do parrot fish, clown fish, and some species of frog change gender?

Posted: 17 Oct 2019 07:58 PM PDT

Is there a correlation between one’s favourite colour and least favourite colour?

Posted: 17 Oct 2019 05:36 PM PDT

Why is the Gastrocnemius muscle prone to spasms?

Posted: 17 Oct 2019 11:44 PM PDT

Why the blue part of the flame is blue?

Posted: 17 Oct 2019 04:06 PM PDT

Dumb question i know but curiosity got the best from me

submitted by /u/rencodrums
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Thursday, October 17, 2019

why can't there be no electromagnetic ion waves inside a plasma without an external magnetic field?

why can't there be no electromagnetic ion waves inside a plasma without an external magnetic field?

why can't there be no electromagnetic ion waves inside a plasma without an external magnetic field?

Posted: 17 Oct 2019 09:20 AM PDT

are these waves the same as an electrostatic ion acoustic wave and an ideal Magnetohydrodynamic sound wave? Is this because the external magnetic field can be created by the current formed from the movement of the ions? Why can such a wave exist with electrons?

submitted by /u/Godisen
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How can software perform tasks hardware cant’t?

Posted: 16 Oct 2019 09:53 PM PDT

I was watching a lecture about assemblers/compilers and the lecturer at MIT indicated "what we'd like to do is build a general purpose processor that can run programs written in many high level languages [c, Python, Java]. Not only that but we want to be able to not make the hardware overly complex and support every feature in our high level language."

How can the high level language provide functionality that doesn't exist in the hardware in some fashion? I've heard this before, that we want to separate software implementation and hardware implementation (or something to that effect), which I can't understand - somewhere someway there must be hardware doing what this language supports via the assembler/compiler/translator.

The only thing I can think of is she's being imprecise and what she means is that the hardware can support all these high level language features, just not intrinsically - There is no machine instruction an assembler can invoke to make something eg "volatile" as in the c++ library, but it can build something equivalent from simple instructions that make up a RISC processor? That I can understand.

Relevant lecture, in the beginning.

submitted by /u/Khenghis_Ghan
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What is the exact relation between mass and electromagnetic charge in the scope of modern QFT?

Posted: 16 Oct 2019 04:02 PM PDT

Years ago I actually had several courses on GR and QFT (alas I forget most of it over the years) but why is it that all electromagnetically charged particles are massive. Is this a direct consequence of the symmetry breaking introduced by the Higgs field? I speak Lagrangians and Hamiltonians, you don't have to be gentle.

submitted by /u/GamblingTheory
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Is the moon topography shaped in any other manner than meteoric clashes?

Posted: 16 Oct 2019 12:44 PM PDT

Looking at higher quality moon photos, there seem to be mainly craters across it. However, there are some stuff that appear to be perhaps mountain ridges. This made me wonder, is the moon shaped only by meteoric clashes? Does it have any other forces driving it's shape? I assume there's no melted core and as such no tectonic plates shifting, but what about other possible factors?

here's the high quality pic that got me thinking about this.

submitted by /u/BernardoDeVinci
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Where can I find a video of astronauts on a space walk that is NOT filmed with a wide-angle lens?

Posted: 16 Oct 2019 02:44 PM PDT

I watched over a dozen YouTube videos of space walks and they're always filmed with fish eye lenses. I understand they do this to capture as wide a field of view as possible but just once I'd like to see what the view from that high up would look like without the wide angle lens distortion.

submitted by /u/bryceguy72
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If using fission to change the mass of nuclei creates a lot of energy, would it be possible to use fission at the subatomic level to create even more energy?

Posted: 16 Oct 2019 02:07 PM PDT

Is it true that as we get older, our brains will lose it's capacity to learn new skills?

Posted: 16 Oct 2019 02:43 PM PDT

....Or could it be just due to the lifestle changes as we grow? Job/responsibilities/having no spare time/ etc ... ?

Particularly i don't feel i like my capacity is affected on a neurological level, rather it feels like more as if my attention was focused on other things that being the reason for learning impairment on a later age.

Anyways, curious about it.

Thanks

submitted by /u/JohnTheRegularPerson
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Why do men have nipples? There doesn't seem to be an apparent function.

Posted: 17 Oct 2019 09:30 AM PDT

I think that it is because there is no cost for them having nipples and because there is no benefit in making the trait sexual dimorphous. But, I don't really know.

submitted by /u/vedderer
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What's the difference between relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum field theory?

Posted: 16 Oct 2019 08:48 AM PDT

Why does Venezuela have so much more oil than any other country near it?

Posted: 16 Oct 2019 03:38 AM PDT

Why are oil deposits in south america mostly concentrated in Venezuela (90% of south and central american oil) while in the rest of the world is spread out over vast areas (for instance in the middle east large reserves of oil are spread over the arabic peninsula, Iraq and part of Iran)

submitted by /u/An_Oxygen_Consumer
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Why does Addison's Disease/Addisonian Crisis cause Leukocytosis and Anemia?

Posted: 16 Oct 2019 12:17 PM PDT

I'm doing a research on Addison's disease. However, I truly cannot find the reason why it leads to Leukocytosis and Anemia. I don't need a study or a paper, I just want to understand what causes this change?

submitted by /u/Goodava
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Are transdermal patches more effective on certain areas of the skin?

Posted: 15 Oct 2019 09:51 PM PDT

Why do companies recommend the patch to go here or there. Do transdermal patches just need thin skin or do some areas of the skin accept medicine better? Or, are all parts of the skin equal. (Aside from callouses.)

submitted by /u/Aspanu24
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Do good looking people have more risks of developing a cancer?

Posted: 16 Oct 2019 02:35 PM PDT

Not just good looking, but having characteristics of hypersexualization, like having a very feminine voice, for example, etc.

submitted by /u/Holos620
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Do any other species of living creatures give themselves specific names to identify them from one another, like humans do?

Posted: 15 Oct 2019 08:15 PM PDT
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