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Monday, September 23, 2019

Why is the Universe’s “local” geometry (e.g. on the surface of the Earth) so similar to Euclidean geometry?

Why is the Universe’s “local” geometry (e.g. on the surface of the Earth) so similar to Euclidean geometry?


Why is the Universe’s “local” geometry (e.g. on the surface of the Earth) so similar to Euclidean geometry?

Posted: 23 Sep 2019 12:46 AM PDT

I'm not sure if the wording of my question is correct or clear enough; I'll try to elaborate more below. Also, I apologize if I'm inaccurate or unclear in what I say below too; I just started reading about this.

From what I've gathered/understood from articles and more-or-less nontechnical books on general relativity, it seems as if the "global" geometry of the Universe is not Euclidean, implying things like the shortest distance between two points in space is not a straight line. However, here on Earth, the path of shortest distance between two points (even if they are separated by the Earth itself) is almost indistinguishable from a straight line. I'm wondering why this is the case.

submitted by /u/4w350m3guY
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Is there still Gs aka Artificial Gravity after a hard burn with no deceleration in space?

Posted: 23 Sep 2019 12:23 AM PDT

I was watching Ad Astra and their trip to Mars from the Moon was 7 weeks. So when they launched they didn't look like they did a deceleration and drifted the rest of the way to Mars. I was wondering if they will still be feeling the Gs instead of happily floating around in the space craft.

submitted by /u/scorp76
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How far from earth do you have to be when you change from perpetual free fall going around the earth to being in zero gravity?

Posted: 22 Sep 2019 10:52 PM PDT

If such a point even exists.

submitted by /u/CamQueQues
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Why does anomeric hydroxyl group of Glucose and Fructose undergo methylation but others OH groups dont?

Posted: 23 Sep 2019 06:00 AM PDT

Is it cause of an acetal ring if so why. Thanks

submitted by /u/riverfellon
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A gallon of jet fuel burned creates 21 pounds of CO2. How can that be when jet fuel only weighs 6.8 lbs per gallon?

Posted: 22 Sep 2019 05:35 PM PDT

There should be an r/nostupidsciencequestions subreddit out there...

I never took a chemistry class, so maybe I'm missing something basic. Using the numbers from here: https://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/co2_vol_mass.php, I see that burning a gallon of jet fuel creates 21.1 pounds of Co2. But a gallon of jet fuel only weighs about 6.8 lbs/gal. I would think that the act of burning fuel and using the heat and pressure of the combustion would result in less total byproduct, not more than triple it. What am I missing?

submitted by /u/PilotWombat
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How does living in a near-lightless environment effect things like the pigmentation and color of deep sea creatures?

Posted: 23 Sep 2019 03:15 AM PDT

Maybe a weird ask, so bear with me! I'm painting some miniatures of underwater creatures like turtles and sharks and what have you for a game I play, and I want to paint them as if they live (the majority of their time) in a lightless environment, drawing on real world deep sea creatures and pigmentation for comparison! My biggest concerns are things like pattern and general color.

I know that, over time, many sea creatures like sharks and some fish have evolved white under bellies and dark backs, because if predators looked from above they would see the back blend in with the surroundings, and if they looked from below they would see the underbelly blend in with the sunlight. Is that type of biology functional or even present in a deep sea habitat? What about patterns meant to evoke warning or confusion, like the vibrant colors of a lion fish or the stripes on a tiger shark?

Concerning color, I'm interested to get an idea of the types of colors (or lack thereof) generally exhibited by animals in the deep sea. Even though there's no/little light, there skin still probably reflects some color when light is introduced, yeah?

I'd appreciate any insight!

submitted by /u/Tappyy
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Blast wave speed limited by the speed of sound?

Posted: 23 Sep 2019 05:35 AM PDT

Is it possible for a blast wave to exceed the speed of sound?

submitted by /u/doktor57
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Does vision have varying "framerates" based on light conditions or similar?

Posted: 23 Sep 2019 04:32 AM PDT

I walked in my livingroom this morning in the almost pitch black. All of a sudden i see a long black line charging towards me and then i see it go straight up. It was my cat, but in my vision the cat was 6-7' until it stopped moving.

Is that due to my mind having to work harder to process information? Is it because your visual cones have to do things before they work again? Why did my cat look so big in very low light conditions?

Is there any other weird things your eyes do in the right conditions?

submitted by /u/kyleisthestig
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How do natural whirlpools occur?

Posted: 22 Sep 2019 03:41 PM PDT

What happens to a gravitational wave when it crosses a black hole ?

Posted: 22 Sep 2019 10:01 AM PDT

Why are our voices deeper in slow motion?

Posted: 22 Sep 2019 09:43 AM PDT

Why doesn't downscaling work?

Posted: 22 Sep 2019 10:47 AM PDT

When doing a lab scale version of a big scale/production scale process, why is it so hard to get the same results? For me it makes sense that if you perform a chemical prosess in a small scale laboratory (ie downscaling it) you will get the same result as in larger scale?

submitted by /u/Cutecumber0
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If there was a hole in the perfect center of the earth (like ~7-8 ft diameter) and you were in it, how would gravity affect you?

Posted: 22 Sep 2019 12:15 PM PDT

Are all the noble gases conductors of electricity?

Posted: 22 Sep 2019 08:00 AM PDT

How do we know that distant galaxies aren't made of anti-particles?

Posted: 22 Sep 2019 06:40 AM PDT

Considering how far away things are from each other in the universe, would we be able to see the difference if a galaxy was completely made of antimatter?

submitted by /u/taracus
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Was there any snow in the arctic during the Paleocene during the winter solstice?

Posted: 22 Sep 2019 09:32 AM PDT

I've read that the arctic was "ice free" during the Paleocene Epoch. Really? Even during polar night? Was there any snow?

submitted by /u/HammerBioLizard
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what happens to deposits of heavy metals in an animal's fat tissue when the animal is starving?

Posted: 22 Sep 2019 08:18 AM PDT

Large predators such as whales or even humans can accumulate deposits of heavy metals (usually lead or mercury) in their fat tissue as a result of eating contaminated prey. But what happens when the animal loses the fat tissue?

submitted by /u/august-mane
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Sunday, September 22, 2019

If we return to the moon, is there a telescope on earth today strong enough to watch astronauts walking around on the surface?

If we return to the moon, is there a telescope on earth today strong enough to watch astronauts walking around on the surface?


If we return to the moon, is there a telescope on earth today strong enough to watch astronauts walking around on the surface?

Posted: 22 Sep 2019 06:36 AM PDT

If a thermodynamic cycle on a Pressure-Volume diagram has internal irreversibilities, what does the area enclosed by the cycle represent?

Posted: 22 Sep 2019 07:05 AM PDT

When a cycle is internally reversible, the area enclosed by its P-v or T-s diagram is the net work, but what about when the cycle is internally irreversible? Is it net useful work plus work wasted on irreversibilities such as friction?

submitted by /u/bnpm
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Significance of Feynman Diagrams?

Posted: 22 Sep 2019 06:56 AM PDT

Okay So Feynman Diagrams are used to portray particle interactions theoretically. But I just cannot understand the significance of these diagrams. How do these diagrams actually simplify the interaction process ? How difficult would it be to explain interactions if we did not have these diagrams? If these diagrams do not represent reality how do these really help?

submitted by /u/VaiP1997
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Does sensory memory run constantly or do you only sometimes bring sensory info into sensory memory?

Posted: 22 Sep 2019 06:04 AM PDT

For example if you closed your eyes or plugged your ears at a random moment, would you be guaranteed to have sensory information in your sensory memory?

submitted by /u/Aidanmartin3
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Do we integrate DNA / RNA from our food into our own genome? If so, how and what are possible consequences?

Posted: 22 Sep 2019 03:24 AM PDT

My flatmate recently told me that his concern with GM Food is the integration of it's DNA into our own. I first thought that what he meant is that we break down the DNA and use its components as nutrients for our cells but then I found some studies that talk about miRNA? And then another one that says that those studies might have been executed poorly and the results stem from contamination as this study suggest.

So, what's the current understanding? Does our DNA get changed in a meaningful way depending on what we eat?

submitted by /u/Aryionas
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Are anterograde amnesia, retrograde amnesia, proactive, and retroactive interference encoding failure, storage failure, or retrieval failure?

Posted: 22 Sep 2019 06:34 AM PDT

After you close your eyes, can you still "see" the image brought in by your iconic sensory memory for the tenths of a second that iconic memory lasts?

Posted: 22 Sep 2019 06:06 AM PDT

What exactly causes the headache and nausea from a hangover?

Posted: 21 Sep 2019 08:07 AM PDT

I know it's because we're dehydrated but what exactly does the dehydration do to us to cause the symptoms?

submitted by /u/kerapang
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Are people becoming more lactose and gluten intolerant than previous generations?

Posted: 22 Sep 2019 12:11 AM PDT

It seems that nowadays more people cannot consume cow milk or are gluten intolerant. Is this just a fashion trend, have humans always been like this or are human bodies changing?

submitted by /u/darkluffy12
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At what point in development is the brain and/or being conscious? How does this early state of consciousness compare to a fully developed mind?

Posted: 21 Sep 2019 11:26 PM PDT

Why does the Mid Atlantic Ridge have transform boundaries? Why is it jagged?

Posted: 21 Sep 2019 03:28 PM PDT

I was reading this book The Story of Earth and it mentioned how when the mid Atlantic ridge was discovered that it was very odd that it wasn't a continuous mountain range. Since it is just spewing out magma and causing seafloor spreading, why does it become displaced to the west or east when looking at it from north to south?

submitted by /u/lessoninprogress
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If water erodes coasts, why is there still land? How does land grow back into sea?

Posted: 21 Sep 2019 08:12 AM PDT

How does the radiation from Fukushima stay in the water after the water is removed?

Posted: 21 Sep 2019 12:34 PM PDT

My understanding is that radiation is just another part of the electromagnetic spectrum, so I think of it as behaving like light but worse on the potential damage scale than say UV. If this is correct, then radiation would not stay in the water any more than light would stay in the water after I removed the water from the area the light shines on. I imagined there would be some barrier between the reactor fuel and the water used for cooling. If so, then I can't imagine how the radioactive particles could contaminate the water. Does the water remain radioactive if they dump it in the ocean? If so, how does that work?

submitted by /u/thepaan
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How do non-polar molecules pass through the cell membrane via diffusion?

Posted: 21 Sep 2019 06:11 AM PDT

I understand that small polar molecules can pass through the lipid bilayer, but from my understanding, any non-polar molecule can pass through the lipid membrane via diffusion (at least how it was explained by my prof) . How? Isn't the inside of the lipid bilayer hydrophobic? Wouldn't that prevent passage of non-polar molecules, especially any big ones? I've tried Googling articles but I can't seem to find anything to explain this.

submitted by /u/evgueni72
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Saturday, September 21, 2019

Why do we use steel from ships made before 1945 atomic bombings for radiological instruments? Is it just cheaper or are we totally unable to purify steel with today's processes?

Why do we use steel from ships made before 1945 atomic bombings for radiological instruments? Is it just cheaper or are we totally unable to purify steel with today's processes?


Why do we use steel from ships made before 1945 atomic bombings for radiological instruments? Is it just cheaper or are we totally unable to purify steel with today's processes?

Posted: 21 Sep 2019 02:57 AM PDT

Why do we use steel from ships made before the 1945 atomic bombings for radiological instruments? Is it just cheaper or are we totally unable to purify steel with today's processes?

submitted by /u/oldfartbart
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Why can estrogen be delivered orally via a pill but testosterone cannot?

Posted: 21 Sep 2019 03:49 AM PDT

(I'm a transgender man, and it seems rather odd that trans women can just take a pill and I have to have a shot once a week.)

submitted by /u/zorastra
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Why is oil found in certain locations only?

Posted: 21 Sep 2019 05:34 AM PDT

How do non-rechargeable batteries get charged the first time?

Posted: 21 Sep 2019 03:08 AM PDT

Teutonic plates on other planets? I was just wondering are there tectonic plates on other planets in our solar system or os it specific for the earth?

Posted: 21 Sep 2019 03:45 AM PDT

Does an MRI machine collapse the wave function of protons, it observes ?

Posted: 21 Sep 2019 03:14 AM PDT

What are stitches that dissolve made out of, and how do they dissolve?

Posted: 20 Sep 2019 04:51 PM PDT

Is the strong force range a sharp cutoff or more of a gradient?

Posted: 20 Sep 2019 11:19 PM PDT

The range of the strong nuclear force is given as 1E-15 m, but at that limit does the force end suddenly or more gradually fade into nothing?

submitted by /u/QuasarMaster
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Why, chemically, does lobularia maritima have its honey like smell?

Posted: 21 Sep 2019 01:46 AM PDT

How is this chemical, or range of chemicals, synthesised? Where else do they/does it show up?

Ecologically, why does it have this smell in particular? More generally, why do different flowers have such a diverse array of smells? Also, why do these smells tend to be "sweet"?

submitted by /u/HugeLegendaryTurtle
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Is there a difference in the speed of breakdown between amylose and amylopectin?

Posted: 21 Sep 2019 04:05 AM PDT

In my mind amylopectin should breakdown faster. Because of its branch points surely it could be acted upon by more enzymes and therefore broken down quicker. This was my belief up until recently where I performed an experiment involving light transmission to record the speed of starch breakdown. My results show the complete opposite. Maize starch which is a majority amylopectin breaks down significantly slower than potato starch which is a majority amylose.

submitted by /u/Exp1odingfish
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If I were to throw a tennis ball in the air while I was standing still in a moving train, why doesn't the ball go flying back towards the back of the train and instead just goes up and down as it would if I were to throw it while on the ground?

Posted: 20 Sep 2019 03:46 PM PDT

Do quarks in an anti-proton/anti-neutron have anti-color charges?

Posted: 20 Sep 2019 06:38 PM PDT

If the quarks in a proton or neutron oscillate between color charges red/green/blue. do do they oscillate between anti-colors in anti-matter? I know they have opposite electric charge, but do they also have opposite color charge?

submitted by /u/dscriptDOTorg
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How datas physically travel through cables ?

Posted: 20 Sep 2019 02:23 PM PDT

Friday, September 20, 2019

If you were to fall into a black hole, just as anyone watching would see your time slow down until you stop forever on the event horizon, would you in turn see the entire future of the universe pan out in front of you? If not, why does the mathematics not allow this reversal of perspective?

If you were to fall into a black hole, just as anyone watching would see your time slow down until you stop forever on the event horizon, would you in turn see the entire future of the universe pan out in front of you? If not, why does the mathematics not allow this reversal of perspective?


If you were to fall into a black hole, just as anyone watching would see your time slow down until you stop forever on the event horizon, would you in turn see the entire future of the universe pan out in front of you? If not, why does the mathematics not allow this reversal of perspective?

Posted: 20 Sep 2019 03:29 AM PDT

I'm not the most knowledgeable on theoretical physics, I'm only armed with a keen interest. I'm aware that if you were to approach a black hole, your speed relative to someone watching from afar would increase greatly, thus your time from their perspective would appear to slow down until you reach the event horizon, where you would freeze in place for eternity. In this sense, as your personal time is moving so much slower than all of that around you, would you not see the future of the universe unravel before you, just as you cross the event horizon?

submitted by /u/BodaciousBuns
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What actually is particle entanglement in simple terms?

Posted: 19 Sep 2019 04:14 PM PDT

Have a quite limited knowledge of physics but I've always wondered what the nature of engagement is, how are two particles entangled and why does interacting with one effect the other?

submitted by /u/jpr2001
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What happens in the brain when semantic satiation occurs?

Posted: 20 Sep 2019 07:03 AM PDT

Is there a species of Army Ant particularly known for NOT dividing soldiers and workers? Any ant species overall? Anti-Polymorphic?

Posted: 20 Sep 2019 06:15 AM PDT

Can black holes move?

Posted: 20 Sep 2019 06:13 AM PDT

This may be a silly question, but bare with me.

Could in theory a black hole have momentum like say a comet. Traveling different galaxies and sucking up things that get close to it?

If so, what would happen if it passed through or collided with something like our sun?

submitted by /u/Hush077
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[Astronomy] How do "hot Jupiters" retain an atmosphere?

Posted: 20 Sep 2019 05:39 AM PDT

I was reading the short article below that mentioned these exoplanets are often so close to their host star that they can complete an orbit in three days. With that proximity how do they retain atmosphere? Do the host stars lack a solar wind? Do they possess strong magnetic fields? Something else? Sorry for the article link being an inelegant cut-and-paste. Mobile is not kind to me (sorry, Alabama...can't resist a half assed pun).

https://curiosity.com/topics/these-weird-exoplanets-could-have-clouds-made-of-rock-curiosity?utm_source=androidapp

submitted by /u/Zancetyo
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What were the environmental consequences of connecting the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea via the Suez Canal?

Posted: 19 Sep 2019 03:17 PM PDT

Why doesn't an induced EMF produce a never ending cycle of change in magnetic flux?

Posted: 20 Sep 2019 05:05 AM PDT

So in my highschool physics classes, we learnt that induced EMF is caused due to a change in magnetic flux.

So if there are two coils ( primary and secondary) when the current in primary is increased, magnetic field changes and hence flux changes. Consequently an induced EMF is set up in secondary coil.

My query is over here, won't this induced EMF in second coil generate its own current and magnetic field which causes a change in flux of primary coil which in turn generates current in primary coil and won't this cycle continue indefinitely?

Sorry for grammatical errors.

Thanks in advance

submitted by /u/xtermin8r2
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Do solar flares affect the human brain?

Posted: 19 Sep 2019 07:15 PM PDT

Recently I've been reading about solar flares, how they impact the Earths magnetosphere, etc, and I've been wondering if they affect the human brain, as our brains are made up of neurons pulsing electricity between themselves. Is there ANY correlation between solar activity and the human brain?

submitted by /u/BlakBanana
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How do we know the depth of the ocean?

Posted: 19 Sep 2019 09:15 PM PDT

In a plant seed, has the metabolism completely stopped until germination or is there still very very very slow "life" happening? In other words, is it "paused", or is it consuming energy very slowly?

Posted: 20 Sep 2019 04:08 AM PDT

how do your nerves know the difference between sensations on the surface of your skin (i.e. itch vs. tickle vs. stinging sensations)?

Posted: 19 Sep 2019 04:09 PM PDT

I've always wondered how I know to scratch an itch or why I don't scratch at something like a hair that kind of tickles me.

submitted by /u/bellyfold
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How narrow and what range could a magnetic field be projected to act on a far away object?

Posted: 19 Sep 2019 08:34 PM PDT

Is there a limit to how 'directed' a magnetic field is? If you can create a narrow in scope magnetic field to act on a remote object, what would be the limit of how distant this object could be? I realize the words I'm using are probably not precise, but I was curious about the idea.

submitted by /u/penelopiecruise
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Since EMF at RF & IR are lower-energy than visible light, why do they propagate so much better?

Posted: 19 Sep 2019 08:06 PM PDT

I have a remote with tiny IR LED that consumes much less than a watt, yet it's able to trigger a receptor on the other side of the building, through two closed doors. The light shines out windows, bounces off neighboring walls, traveling a good 60 meters--a light that's barely visible to the eye from 1 meter in daylight. What is it about IR that allows so much better propagation than visible EM?
So, too with the microwavelength EM my wifi router uses?

submitted by /u/frank_mania
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Do we know the long-term health effects of plant-based meat substitutes yet, like Beyond Meat or Impossible Burger? This trend caught on rather quickly and it makes me worry.

Posted: 19 Sep 2019 09:46 PM PDT

Not that eating and smoking are the same thing, but we are only just now discovering the long-term effects that vaping can have on the lungs. We know these plant-based meat substitutes are edible and don't cause immediate issues, but so we know they're safe if you're eating them over a period of time. These kinds of developments in food are exciting, but I worry we're all going to wake up to learn of some nasty side effects or something like that someday. This trend just happened so quickly and it wouldn't surprise me if this were just another example of people putting money ahead of safety or the common good.

submitted by /u/davinitupoverhere
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Do meteorites reach terminal velocity before hitting the surface of the Earth?

Posted: 19 Sep 2019 09:40 PM PDT

I know meteors travel through space 10k-100k mph. I know they slow down as they enter the Earth's atmosphere, but they're still going super fast. Are they going fast enough that they "overcome" terminal velocity?

In other words: if the same meteorite were instead dropped from the upper atmosphere, would it have the same impact on the ground?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/palmfranz
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Why do localized sensory organs tend to be located near the brain in so many different animals?

Posted: 19 Sep 2019 05:05 PM PDT

I've noticed that nearly all animals I can think of (specifically vertebrates, arthropods, molluscs, roundworms, and flatworms) have their localized sensory organs on or near the body region that contains their central nervous cluster/brain. The only possible examples I can think of that run counter to this are sponges, which have no nerve cells AFAIK, and jellyfish/hydras, which only have decentralized nervous systems. So my question is, do we see this pattern just because of divergent evolution (i.e., those animals' most recent common ancestor had eyespots near its nervous center and we're all descended from the same genetic template), or if it has something to do with nerve signals taking longer over greater distances leading to an evolutionary advantage for creatures whose sensory organs are near the brain, or if it's something else entirely. Also it is possible that I'm exhibiting bias by weighting arthropods and vertebrates more heavily and this is not even a real pattern. I don't know much, but I sure would like to.

submitted by /u/KushlungsMcBone
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Can any event generate gravitational waves?

Posted: 19 Sep 2019 11:56 PM PDT

If any event(black holes merging, neutron stars merging, jumping on trampoline) disturbs the space time fabric do they generate gravitational waves ?

submitted by /u/abbiya
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Could you tell if someone had a good memory based on a scan of their brain?

Posted: 19 Sep 2019 04:44 PM PDT

Physics of a photograph?

Posted: 19 Sep 2019 05:50 PM PDT

Now maybe I'm thinking waaaay outside my noodle on this but hear me out then please explain what the true nature of the photograph is.

For my example let's say you take a photo with a Polaroid, it prints out a photo. you took a photo of a tree on a hill of green grass with clear blue sky, as basic as it can be.

When you take the photo, you are aligning photons forever on a sheet of atoms. Is there any form of quantum entanglement happening between the tree and the photo.

To branch even further on my weak limb, from a philosophy standpoint, if after the photo is taken the tree is atomicly obliterated. Is the entanglement (if there was) still present?

I feel like my idea of entanglement might be off, but I'm just a no college mechanic/tinkerer

Thanks in advance

submitted by /u/WhiskeyElement
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Pores in metal: myth or reality?

Posted: 19 Sep 2019 09:31 PM PDT

I have heard in a few different contexts that ferrous metals have "pores", and that penetration into said pores is necessary for the proper function of things like lubricants and seasoning in cast-iron cookware.

However, the actual existence of such pores seems implausible to me based on micro-photography and electron microscope images that I've seen, as well as the fact that metal tanks can hold hydrogen and other gases with small molecules. A pair of hydrogens has obviously got to be smaller than a complex molecule with multiple hydrogens and a bunch of other atoms.

Anyway, I'm turning to Ask Science in the hopes that someone with actual metallurgical knowledge can provide me with not just a definitive answer, but a source that I can cite. Thanks!

submitted by /u/Glasnerven
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Does the moon have a fine line where the light side and the dark side meet? Or does it gradually get darker?

Posted: 19 Sep 2019 09:03 PM PDT