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Saturday, August 17, 2019

Why don’t men go bald around their beard like they do on their heads?

Why don’t men go bald around their beard like they do on their heads?


Why don’t men go bald around their beard like they do on their heads?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 05:23 PM PDT

How do the 420 underwater cables that transmit all of the internet information work?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 03:43 PM PDT

I read that they're no wider than a can of cola. How is it possible that they send all of that information on that relatively small amount of wire? Do the signals transmit in one direction only or in both directions? Why is there no interference between signals being sent? Any other information would also be greatly appreciated.

submitted by /u/Einsteinbeck
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How do microorganisms accomplish gradient-tracking in turbulent systems?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 09:39 PM PDT

Can a fish be overweight?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 07:46 PM PDT

What's the purpose of the eigth reaction of glycolysis?

Posted: 17 Aug 2019 04:15 AM PDT

I'm talking about the reaction from 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate, catalysed by phosphoglycerate mutase. Since the phosphate group will ned to be removed to make ATP, why bother moving it?

submitted by /u/ispaamd
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What information do animals attain from others by smelling their urine?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 02:23 PM PDT

How do electromagnetic waves sustain themselves in vacum?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 10:19 PM PDT

I do understand that each "half" is perpendicular to each other but how does that help it keep traveling and do they lose energy by doing so? (Like, do they go on for infinity or travel through a specific distance/time)

submitted by /u/KuroThe9
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Are tattoos carcinogenic and/or do they have longterm adverse health risks?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 11:51 AM PDT

I'm not talking about short-term risks that seem to be well-documented, such as allergic reactions or infections from tattoo ink, but rather longterm risks associated with toxicity/cancer such as heavy metals, phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), N-nitrosamines, and "nano-particles" accumulating in the lymph nodes or traveling in the bloodstream. The lymph nodes of tattooed people are often dyed.

For example if someone were to get a tattoo with black ink that contains no heavy metals, but is made from carbon black 7, how dangerous is from this a scientific perspective? I read that carbon black is carcinogenic, and that it breaks into "nano-particles" very easily. If these nano particles can travel the lymph nodes of tattooed people, does that mean they're in the bloodstream and can travel to my brain as well? And if carbon black is apparently carcinogenic, by putting in my body are we talking about a 2x lifetime risk for cancer (perhaps not worth worrying about), or a 20x risk (probably a bad idea)?

A lot of layman dismiss these concerns, so I would like the blunt science on it particularly on how it pertains to carbon-based black tattoo ink.

submitted by /u/xdppthrowaway9003x
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Why do volcanologists grab molten lava from lava flows? Given they take these to a lab for analysis anyway, how are these samples not the same as the already hardened rock?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 12:37 PM PDT

Do other animals breathe out of both their mouth and noses or is it unique to just some?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 05:08 PM PDT

How does the gas pump know when to stop pumping the gas? Does it use certain sensors or just stop at a certain amount of gallons?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 10:50 AM PDT

What causes gas escape from holes in shallow carbonate hardgrounds/reefs?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 08:58 PM PDT

I was snorkelling in a fairly dead reef (mainly just carbonate hardground, there was little living coral there) when I noticed a number of small holes on the hardground (c. 1cm across) with a fairly steady stream of bubbles escaping (fluxes probably on the order of 1-10 cm3 s-1 per hole). There were quite a number of these holes, although they seemed concentrated in a specific area. This was during the ebb tide, with waves around 1m high. The hardground would probably have been exposed or in very shallow water during the low tide.

Does anybody have any idea what these might have been? The amount of gas being released seems to high to me for it to be biological, but I could well be wrong. I was wondering whether it could be related to the flushing of trapped air from voids within the hardground, but the stream of bubbles seemed too steady for that.

submitted by /u/Chlorophilia
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Quantum mechanics explanation of the relativistic effects on heavy elements?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 08:21 PM PDT

Recently I found out that on heavy elements, relativistic effects can change the properties of an element due increased mass of the electron. However, all the explanation that I've found on the internet explains this phenomenon using the velocity of the electron. From my understand of the electron, electrons don't really "move" in the atom and instead exist as a probability cloud. If this is the case, how can we explain the relativistic effects using a non-Bohr model? I am a non-native English speaking high school student so please explain this in an easy to understand manner.(equations are fine as long as it's at an understandable level)

Also, does an electron have momentum?(If so can we say that it has velocity?) This is a question that I had for a long time and thought that I'd ask it here since it's kind of related.

submitted by /u/omnipotentmilk
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How slowly does soft tissue around joints develop (or reshape) in adults, compared to children?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 06:30 PM PDT

Is it possible to shoot protons and neutrons into Oganesson to create a new element?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 09:50 AM PDT

Can a hemophilia carrier be diagnosed through a karyotype?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 12:33 PM PDT

Or is the karyotype only meant for identifying numerical chromosomal abnormalities?

submitted by /u/WestSideSpaghetti
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How do ants and other underground life deal with earthquakes?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 07:27 AM PDT

Can entangled qubits be stored?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 11:38 AM PDT

My question is about quantum teleportation and saving the entangled qubits for later communication. I understand that there isn't any faster than light ways to communicate instantly on demand using qubits as classical means must be used to share the measured state of one of the pair (or triplet, etc).

However, what if there was a way to save up (say magnetically trapped, supercooled, something like this) qubits and then use them when needed. Why couldn't this be harnessed into something like subspace communication in Star Trek? As long as a starship brought along enough entangled qubits there could be instantaneous communication back to mission control.

submitted by /u/TimothyLux
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Friday, August 16, 2019

How do cats know automatically how to use a litter box?

How do cats know automatically how to use a litter box?


How do cats know automatically how to use a litter box?

Posted: 15 Aug 2019 01:24 PM PDT

Hello Reddit!

I've had this question bouncing in my brain for literal years but recently I got a cat and now I can't forget it.

How do cats inherently know how to use a litter box? I saw videos on kittens and how they figure out how to use them in like 8 weeks. So they genuinely know how to use it almost from the beginning.

I can't think of a litter box like thing in the "wild" so I'm really curious. Also how do they recognize that as their new bathroom? Like they had to have some alternative to what they normally would use, so how do they know that is where they're supposed to go?

Thanks!

submitted by /u/amartin131
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Is there really no better way to diagnose mental illness than by the person's description of what they're experiencing?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 06:34 AM PDT

I'm notorious for choosing the wrong words to describe some situation or feeling. Actually I'm pretty bad at describing things in general and I can't be the only person. So why is it entirely up to me to know the meds 'are working' and it not being investigated or substantiated by a brain scan or a test.. just something more scientific?? Because I have depression and anxiety.. I don't know what a person w/o depression feels like or what's the 'normal' amount of 'sad'! And pretty much everything is going to have some effect.

submitted by /u/Falling2311
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We know that adrenaline allows people to do tremendous physical feats, e.g. to bring a child to safety from underneath a car. When the adrenaline wears off, what's the physical recovery like after the feat? Does the adult tear muscles, dislocate bones and just not notice?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 05:46 AM PDT

How important is the way that we breathe?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 06:28 AM PDT

When SETI detects a radio signal and states that it came from the region of a certain star many light-years away, how do they determine that considering that the signal has taken so long to reach Earth?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 05:37 AM PDT

How did the great plains remain essentially treeless for thousands of years being surrounded by Forests and high winds?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 04:56 AM PDT

Do SSRIs actually work and why is there so much scaremongering about them?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 05:34 AM PDT

Why is there such a popular backlash against SSRI medications nowadays? Is there substance behind the idea that they do more harm than good and that they are essentially just money-making machines for "Big Pharma"?

Everywhere you look online, particularly in various self-improvement communities, you'll find suggestions that antidepressants are basically useless and that exercise and diet will fix depression. You'll find people reporting on permanent long-term damage to their sex drive and their ability to become aroused.

Personally (and anecdotally) I eat well and exercise regularly but my mind is still wrapped up in negative thinking and poor self-esteem. I can't figure out the actual truth on these meds and whether they are worth trying. The level of scaremongering makes one reconsider it anyway.

submitted by /u/jonnieonionrings
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Do our buttholes grow more tolerant to spicy foods through time and exposure like our mouths do?

Posted: 15 Aug 2019 01:45 PM PDT

How did we figure out that light is essentially electromagnetic waves? What is the history of the relationship between the two?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 01:35 AM PDT

Projecting a star at the elongation between a point on the earth and the center?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 01:52 AM PDT

I am trying to find the alt/az of a ' infinitely' far fake star that would exist right above a certain point on the earth.

So let's say we want a point above Stockholm at 58, 18 deg and then observe it from Amsterdam at 48, 7 deg. What would be the alt/az of the star?

I know how to calculate the values for a star with a known ra/dec but I'm not sure how to translate lon/lat to sky coordinates.

submitted by /u/Synethos
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Do the expenses fuel cylinders from rockets crumple upon falling back down to earth?

Posted: 15 Aug 2019 11:25 PM PDT

You know those fuel cylinders that detach from the rocket as it goes up into space? Why do they fall back to earth as regular cylinders in every video I see? Aren't they thin metal sheet cylinders? I would expect them to deform like a water bottle submerged in cold/hot water with respect to the temperature of the bottle (both cases lead to deformation right?). Can someone explain to me what's going on?

submitted by /u/Ilovethatyouru
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Can an Auto-Immune Disease patient be cured with a transplant?

Posted: 15 Aug 2019 11:15 PM PDT

I have an Auto-Immune Disease and cannot find many articles detailing if AIDs can be cured by transplanting the part of the body that is affected.

submitted by /u/brettlw_
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What is Topological Superconductivity and what do Majorana Fermions have to do with it?

Posted: 15 Aug 2019 11:15 PM PDT

How do you model the height of an object that is thrown straight upwards as a function of time using the force due to gravity and the force of drag? I have tried to work it out before but it confuses me because Δv is proportional to a and Δa is proportional to v. I think I need to use calculus. help

Posted: 15 Aug 2019 06:54 PM PDT

whats glutamate neurotoxicity mechanism?

Posted: 15 Aug 2019 10:06 PM PDT

https://youtu.be/r-6VBx2aeIY

i found this video... is this correct? also, how is NO involved in this?

submitted by /u/hiriluk-4
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If we turned off every electrical light in the whole world, would light pollution go away instantly, or take time?

Posted: 15 Aug 2019 10:45 AM PDT

How do scientists conclude that some bacteria species are extinct?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 12:24 AM PDT

It seems like something that cannot be stated with certainty, considering even a single bacterium could divide rapidly and cause the species to come back from the verge of extinction.

submitted by /u/dohjavu
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How much do oxygen levels vary on Earth's surface?

Posted: 16 Aug 2019 12:11 AM PDT

Most people know that Earth's atmosphere "contains 21% oxygen". But what does that actually mean in various places at ground level?

Plants produce oxygen, does that mean forests have substantially higher concentrations of oxygen than 21%?

Animals consume oxygen, does that mean oxygen levels are less than 21% around large assemblies of animals, such as locust swarms containing tens of billions of individuals?

What about places where there are neither plants nor animals, such as Antarctica? Or just above the surface of the oceans? Are there maps that show oxygen distribution at ground level?

submitted by /u/iwanttobepart
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Are bonobo-like behaviors (like casual sex, female leadership, or agreeableness) correlated with one another in human beings?

Posted: 15 Aug 2019 08:00 PM PDT

To give you some background, this possibly ridiculous question was inspired by certain social and sexual behaviors of bonobos.

Along with chimpanzees, bonobos are one of the species that is mostly closely related to humanity. Bonobos set themselves apart from other primates with their enthusiastic usage of sex as a way of bonding and resolving conflict. They are also known for being peaceful in comparison to other primates (like chimpanzees). Moreover, located at the top of the pecking order in bonobo societies are the oldest, most knowledgeable, and most experienced females in the group; in other words (and at the risk of anthropomorphizing them), bonobos practice what people might call a form of matriarchy.

So, I got to wondering whether there might be some special relationship between those or other bonobo behavior patterns in human beings. I know there are many ways this question could be taken, so partial answers are more than welcome.

submitted by /u/FalconAssassin1337
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What are some examples of how we must compensate for the curvature of the earth in everyday human activity? I.e. calculations or measurements for construction, launching satellites, or any other common process?

Posted: 15 Aug 2019 03:03 PM PDT

Got a friend who has hinted at being open to the idea of the earth being flat. I'm trying to preemptively bolster some counter arguments with something real and relatable like, "if the earth wasn't round we'd have no satellite tv, or we wouldn't have to compensate for it in building railroads"(not sure if those are true, just tying to get my point across), etc.

Thank you!!

submitted by /u/Gnarlemance
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How do scientists measure the temperature of particles collided with the LHC?

Posted: 15 Aug 2019 10:50 AM PDT

I read an article saying that scientists had managed to measure temperatures of 5.5 trillion degrees celsius by colliding two lead ions at the LHC. How can they measure this? Also could these high temperatures damage the inside of the collider?

submitted by /u/Cozmik1Dr
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Could scientists measure if the physical constants were constant throughout time?

Posted: 15 Aug 2019 02:25 PM PDT

If the physical constants changed in anyway at some point in the past, would their be a way to test or measure this?

submitted by /u/mrhouse1101
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I understand that any collision has a coefficient of restitution that determines how much kinetic energy is transferred between the two objects. But collisions also produce sound and heat. What decides how much of the total energy is converted to these other forms respectively?

Posted: 15 Aug 2019 01:11 PM PDT

Do the black hole Sagittarius A* at the center of our Milky Way have any effect on the galaxy's movement/rotation?

Posted: 15 Aug 2019 06:29 PM PDT

Thursday, August 15, 2019

AskScience AMA Series: We are Drs. Brandy Beverly, Kimberly Gray, Pauline Mendola, Carrie Nobles, and Beate Ritz. We study how environmental factors, like air pollution, affect child health and development. Ask us anything! #WomenInScience

AskScience AMA Series: We are Drs. Brandy Beverly, Kimberly Gray, Pauline Mendola, Carrie Nobles, and Beate Ritz. We study how environmental factors, like air pollution, affect child health and development. Ask us anything! #WomenInScience


AskScience AMA Series: We are Drs. Brandy Beverly, Kimberly Gray, Pauline Mendola, Carrie Nobles, and Beate Ritz. We study how environmental factors, like air pollution, affect child health and development. Ask us anything! #WomenInScience

Posted: 15 Aug 2019 04:00 AM PDT

When most people think of the "environment," they may think of green spaces, buildings and sidewalks, and air and water. In the context of child health, environment includes conditions in the womb as well as situations that exist before conception. Managing environmental factors and exposures before, during, and after pregnancy may help protect child health.

Understanding how environmental factors affect pregnancy and child development is a priority for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), two components of the National Institutes of Health. NICHD and NIEHS support and conduct research on the environment and health, both on our campuses and through grants to other organizations and universities. Today's hosts are experts in air pollution and its effects on child health, pregnancy, and reproductive health and on how exposures during pregnancy can influence children's later health.

  • Brandy Beverly, Ph.D., health scientist in the Office of Health Assessment and Translation in the National Toxicology Program, headquartered at NIEHS. Dr. Beverly conducts literature-based evaluations to determine whether environmental chemicals are hazardous to human health. Her most recent work focuses on the impact of traffic-related air pollution on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy because of its potential long-term effects on mother and child. When she is not conducting research, Dr. Beverly enjoys performing as a violinist in the Durham Medical Orchestra.
  • Kimberly Gray, Ph.D., program officer in the Population Health Branch in the Division of Extramural Research and Training who manages NIEHS' grant portfolio on children's health. This includes research on how prenatal exposure to air pollution and other environmental chemicals disrupt early brain development. These early changes may lead to cognitive, emotional, and behavioral problems that are detected later in development. Because these chemical exposures are more common among minority populations and underserved communities, they are believed to be major contributing factors to health disparities within our population. Dr. Gray spends time outside of the office with her family and their menagerie of furry animals (hairy children), who fill her soul with joy.
  • Pauline Mendola, Ph.D., principal investigator in the Epidemiology Branch of the Division of Intramural Population Health Research at NICHD. Dr. Mendola studies how air pollution and extreme environmental temperatures affect pregnancy and child development. She's involved with the Consortium on Safe Labor and Consecutive Pregnancy Study and the Longitudinal Investigation of Fertility and the Environment (LIFE) Study. Dr. Mendola was a cashier in a bookstore before she got a job coding health surveys at the University at Buffalo, and the rest is history.
  • Carrie Nobles, Ph.D., postdoctoral fellow in the Epidemiology Branch at NICHD. Her recent research explores how ambient air pollution (fine particulate matter from cars, industries, and homes) affects the risk of hypertension and preeclampsia during pregnancy. Carrie was a piano performance major as an undergraduate and first learned about public health during an elective course her junior year of college.
  • Beate Ritz, Ph.D., professor of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences at the University of California, Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health and a researcher supported by NIEHS. Her research has shown that traffic and combustion related air pollution increases the risk of numerous adverse pregnancy outcomes (preterm birth, low birth weight, preeclampsia) and adversely affects neurodevelopment, resulting in autism spectrum disorder. She currently is responsible for assembling adverse birth outcome studies worldwide as part of the NASA MAIA project. Dr. Ritz's personal office is a treehouse with a view over the Santa Monica mountains.
submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator
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Can trees get cancer/tumors? And how does radiation affect them?

Posted: 14 Aug 2019 09:17 PM PDT

I'm watching chernobyl right now, and I know some of the effects radiation has on people (both high and low amounts) but once the show did a shot over a forest i wondered what the effect on plant and tree life would be.

submitted by /u/Pointree
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Why does dF/dt = {F,H} in the context of Poisson brackets revealing transformations under symmetries?

Posted: 15 Aug 2019 08:58 AM PDT

In general, taking the Poisson bracket of a function with a quantity that is conserved under a coordinate transformation will give the change in that function under the transformation. I know that H is conserved if there is no explicit time dependence in a system. So, it should follow that {F,H} should give something like the partial derivative of F with respect to time, only taking into account its explicit time dependence. Clearly, though, this is wrong, and instead it gives the complete time derivative, which is slightly different from the transformation that conserves H. Where am I going wrong here?

submitted by /u/Platyturtle
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What is a Drift Wave in a plasma?

Posted: 15 Aug 2019 06:34 AM PDT

Basically please can some explain in lay person's terms, what is a Drift Wave in a plasma?

submitted by /u/pseudonym1066
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What does contact mean regarding to the annihilation of matter and antimatter particles?

Posted: 14 Aug 2019 06:49 AM PDT

The wikipedia does state that a contact of a matter particle with an antimatter particle will result in their mutual annihilation. But how close is contact? Is the distance between the two hydrogen atoms in a hydrogen molecule already close enough if one of them would be an antimatter hydrogen atom? Or would even the average distance between two hydrogen molecules close enough? Or does it have to be a close contact like an antiproton is hitting directly the core of a hydrogen atom.

submitted by /u/Plaqueeator
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Since magnetic declination changes over time, is it just a coincidence that currently, magnetic north and true north are roughly the same?

Posted: 14 Aug 2019 08:02 AM PDT

The point on Earth that a compass needle is attracted to (magnetic north) is not the same as the true north, the point where the rotational axis of the Earth emerges. In fact, the location of the magnetic north pole varies substantially over time, even over the course of just a few years.

Does that mean that those points being still (relatively) close together is just a coincidence that happens to be true today, and that in general, any point on Earth can become the magnetic north? And if that is the case, are all of them equally likely over time?

submitted by /u/iwanttobepart
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Is biochar actually carbon negative?

Posted: 14 Aug 2019 08:57 AM PDT

Hi r/askscience ,

I am looking into biochar and have read some nature.com articles, however I still have a question.

How do the emissions produced when making biochar compare the carbon that is sequestered by it? Links and figure preferred so I can use them myself. If anyone knows a soil scientist or anyone that could help and would be willing to have a conversation, please put me in touch!

Thank you.

submitted by /u/Griff1619
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How do spiders know how to build their webs to be secure and structurally secure?

Posted: 14 Aug 2019 06:55 AM PDT

Outside my office (I take frequent walks and get to observe them) I see a ton of spider webs. and a bunch have used our handicap spots as base. As I walk by I notice how intricate they are, how they have a web that goes all the way to the ground to stabilize, and (for the part that blows my mind) it connects between the next handicap sign and has another web setup there as well.

How do Spiders know how to do this? Is this all written into their genetic code?

submitted by /u/greene81990
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