Pages

Thursday, August 1, 2019

Why does bitrate fluctuate? E.g when transfer files to a usb stick, the mb/s is not constant.

Why does bitrate fluctuate? E.g when transfer files to a usb stick, the mb/s is not constant.


Why does bitrate fluctuate? E.g when transfer files to a usb stick, the mb/s is not constant.

Posted: 01 Aug 2019 04:58 AM PDT

Why are there multiple stop codons (UAA, UGA, UAG) but only one start codon (AUG)?

Posted: 31 Jul 2019 05:49 PM PDT

Could a GPU be custom built for a specific problem so that it solves it faster than a standard GPU?

Posted: 31 Jul 2019 10:49 PM PDT

I've heard some problems take weeks to solve, even on some of Google's processors used in research . Do GPU's sacrifice speed for 'versatility?' Or is the hardware already fully optimized to a variety of machine learning problems?

submitted by /u/FakeNewsFlash
[link] [comments]

Can dogs percieve the 60 Hz flickering of a light bulb?

Posted: 31 Jul 2019 07:21 PM PDT

I learned today that human stop perceiving flickering of a light source above 55Hz. I also learned that dogs can percieve that flickering up to 80Hz.

Does that mean that every night when I turn my lights on, which flicker at 60Hz, my dog thinks he is living in an insane strobe-light madhouse?

submitted by /u/zenandphysics
[link] [comments]

In my experience, English speakers tend to have an exceptionalist view of our language. How diverse is English in depth and breadth of vocabulary in comparison to other languages?

Posted: 01 Aug 2019 07:40 AM PDT

This is prompted by a discussion on a translation of an English book into German.

A favorite truism online is that English does not "just borrow words; on occasion, [it pursues] other languages down alleyways to beat them unconscious and rifle their pockets for new vocabulary", as if it is something unique to our tongue. I've also seen many statements that on pure word count, ours is one of, if not the largest vocabularies in the world.

As a Germanic language with heavy influence from Greek, Latin, and French, I know English has a diverse vocabulary, with a lot of nuance between very similar words. For example, huge, giant, titanic, colossal, and enormous all mean large but definitely have different contextual meanings, as do pleased, contented, satisfied, elated, cheerful, and ecstatic.

In the discussion I was reading, the example that prompted this question was that, in German, the word for both "hound" and "dog" is "Hund", requiring the name of The Hound from A Game of Thrones to be changed to Bluthund for contextual story reasons (he is called Dog derogatorily by another character) and that grew into a larger conversation on the subtleties of synonyms across languages and now this thread, where I'm looking for more of a learned answer.

Is English particularly expressive?

submitted by /u/208327
[link] [comments]

At what point are related species unable to breed together?

Posted: 01 Aug 2019 07:34 AM PDT

I saw an repost about human/Neanderthal interbreeding and wondered at what point in an species' evolution it couldn't be interbred with related species/those with a common ancestor.

submitted by /u/AdmiralAlluahAkbar
[link] [comments]

How is the mass of a black hole determined?

Posted: 01 Aug 2019 07:16 AM PDT

I just read about a potentially life-sustaining world 31LY away. Cool, but it probably won't work for us "out of the box". Is there a plan or strategy in place for a more mild version of terraforming for worlds like this?

Posted: 31 Jul 2019 11:08 PM PDT

Is there a tipping point where a planet's atmosphere and other factors make it suitable for making it habitable? If so, what are they looking for?

submitted by /u/SpaceForceAwakens
[link] [comments]

Does having multiple wounds in different places of the body slow down healing compared to having only one wound?

Posted: 31 Jul 2019 08:52 AM PDT

Is there a sort of diminishing return on healing based on how much the body needs to do? For instance if I have two similar cuts on each hand, will they heal slower than if I had only one cut on one hand?

submitted by /u/Sergelid
[link] [comments]

Just as humans have different names for each other, do any other animal species have differing "calls" for other members of that same species?

Posted: 01 Aug 2019 04:41 AM PDT

For example, a mother bird having different chirps for each of her chicks. Or a monkey having an individual calls for each friend.

submitted by /u/Gekyumes_4skin
[link] [comments]

How is the lithosphere affected by global warming?

Posted: 01 Aug 2019 04:08 AM PDT

Global warming affects the entire planet in numerous ways. It affects the atmosphere by having higher concentrations of CO2, it affects the biosphere because living things need oxygen to survive. It affects the hydrosphere with ocean temperatures increasing each year. It affects the cryosphere with mass ice sheet loss.

However, I cannot understand how the lithosphere is affected (for a science assignment). Any ideas?

submitted by /u/Rakeshmathsgod
[link] [comments]

Energy of the electrons, How does it allow metals to actually conduct electricity?

Posted: 01 Aug 2019 12:08 AM PDT

I'm a high school student going into the 10th grade, I'm wanting to pursue some sort of electrical engineering job, after college. One thing that I want to understand before I figure out how to engineer the stuff, is how does metal conduct electricity? Also, how does the energy of the electrons in the metals allow them to conduct electricity? How fast is the transfer of energy to create electricity?

submitted by /u/Bromsson
[link] [comments]

Why don’t the space probes get fried at the End of the Heliosphere?

Posted: 31 Jul 2019 06:08 PM PDT

I've read that the heliosphere (especially the termination shock) is where all the the solar wind converge, and then smack into the interstellar wind, and abruptly drop off. Would that mean because of the drop off the spacecraft can safely pass? But then what about the interstellar wind? Why doesn't that hurt the spacecraft? I've always wondered about this, but haven't found any answers online.

submitted by /u/WonderMoon1
[link] [comments]

Which type of energy is meant when we read the calories of food; gross, digestible or metabolizable?

Posted: 01 Aug 2019 03:28 AM PDT

Did/do insects evolve faster than say, an elephant with a much longer lifespan?

Posted: 31 Jul 2019 11:08 AM PDT

Did organisms evolve brains independently, or do most/all organisms share a common ancestor who "created" the brain?

Posted: 01 Aug 2019 01:23 AM PDT

How does the jaw heal after pulling a tooth?

Posted: 31 Jul 2019 03:41 PM PDT

I had a wisdom tooth surgically removed today.

How does the bone in my jaw heal? What will the space where the roots of my tooth be filled with?

After the tooth was removed, the doctor stiched my gum together, covering the hole. What will happen to the blood that filled the hole when my gum heals and seals the space with "loose" blood in it?

submitted by /u/WarriorNN
[link] [comments]

Why is increasing pressure needed in the discharging valve of the centrifugal pump?

Posted: 01 Aug 2019 12:20 AM PDT

How do we know what colors animals see?

Posted: 31 Jul 2019 04:36 PM PDT

How can we know that dogs see yellows/greys/blues? On top of this, i have heard that babies only see in black and white for the first weeks/months, (if this is true) how can we know all this?

submitted by /u/SickBabyKidneys
[link] [comments]

I understand that mating of close relatives is genetically disadvantageous. Is the converse true? Is it genetically better to mate with your 4th cousin than your 3rd cousin?

Posted: 31 Jul 2019 08:44 AM PDT

Or, does it only matter that you not mate with your sibling or close cousin?

submitted by /u/asaltandbuttering
[link] [comments]

Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Posted: 31 Jul 2019 08:13 AM PDT

Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science

Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for AAW. In this thread you can ask any science-related question! Things like: "What would happen if...", "How will the future...", "If all the rules for 'X' were different...", "Why does my...".

Asking Questions:

Please post your question as a top-level response to this, and our team of panellists will be here to answer and discuss your questions.

The other topic areas will appear in future Ask Anything Wednesdays, so if you have other questions not covered by this weeks theme please either hold on to it until those topics come around, or go and post over in our sister subreddit /r/AskScienceDiscussion , where every day is Ask Anything Wednesday! Off-theme questions in this post will be removed to try and keep the thread a manageable size for both our readers and panellists.

Answering Questions:

Please only answer a posted question if you are an expert in the field. The full guidelines for posting responses in AskScience can be found here. In short, this is a moderated subreddit, and responses which do not meet our quality guidelines will be removed. Remember, peer reviewed sources are always appreciated, and anecdotes are absolutely not appropriate. In general if your answer begins with 'I think', or 'I've heard', then it's not suitable for /r/AskScience.

If you would like to become a member of the AskScience panel, please refer to the information provided here.

Past AskAnythingWednesday posts can be found here.

Ask away!

submitted by /u/AutoModerator
[link] [comments]

Do astronauts or cosmonauts suffer vertigo while out on a spacewalk?

Posted: 31 Jul 2019 08:09 PM PDT

The reason I ask this is that I feel queesy once I get above 5 stories in a high-rise..

i ain't great with high elevations, ( yeah I know. A wuss 😂 ) and after scrolling through Twitter, then seeing a photo from NASA's Twitter account from a spacewalk on the ISS. the thought occurrenced to me...

Do astronauts or cosmonauts suffer from similar feelings while out on space walks? The apprehension and weak knees from looking down upon the earth from 250 miles above the surface. Can you even get into a astronaut program if you suffer from a fear of high places?

submitted by /u/Berzerker-SDMF
[link] [comments]

Why do Hydrogen and Helium have such high thermal conductivity compared to other gases?

Posted: 31 Jul 2019 09:01 AM PDT

"The value of thermal conductivity for most gases and vapors range between 0.01 and 0.03 W/mK at room temperature. Notable exceptions are Helium (0.15) and Hydrogen (0.18)"

www.electronics-cooling.com/1998/09/the-thermal-conductivity-of-gases/

Why is this?

submitted by /u/gg_ezgame
[link] [comments]

Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Why is 18 the maximum amount of electrons an atomic shell can hold?

Why is 18 the maximum amount of electrons an atomic shell can hold?


Why is 18 the maximum amount of electrons an atomic shell can hold?

Posted: 31 Jul 2019 05:03 AM PDT

How does the brain perform computation?

Posted: 30 Jul 2019 05:46 PM PDT

Computers perform computation by executing instructions at a CPU ( or group of CPUs ).

I've read that an advantage the human brain has over typical modern computers is that it is massively parallel and every neuron acts somewhat like a CPU, where every neuron is able to perform some computation locally? In contrast programs on a computer have to compete with each other for execution time at the CPU.

What does computation look like in the human brain?

submitted by /u/rational_rai
[link] [comments]

Feyman diagrams and gauge bosons?

Posted: 30 Jul 2019 05:27 PM PDT

Beta- Decay https://imgur.com/gallery/MHJJ57N

Hey, so I just have a couple of "little" questions which have been bugging me while "learning" this stuff for fun. One of the questions I have is about the diagrams used for these quantum interactions, is the axis on the left there for time? And if so, why does the electron travel back in time (along with the boson seemingly) when it is actually being emitted. The other question I have (and I'm totally prepared to get no answer or a completely incomprehensible one for) is about gauge bosons, a quick search tells you that it is with these bosons that forces can have particles interact, but to my knowledge photons are not the particles with which electromagnetic fields act upon things (if that makes any sense? Like gluons allow the strong force to colour change particles, but photons don't really do anything?). So are gluons the only way forces can act is what I'm trying to ask. Thank you very much to anyone willing to read through this and answer any of the questions :)

Sorry for any formatting or spelling errors as I am on mobile and am also new to this subreddit

tl;dr: am very confused

submitted by /u/pickle68
[link] [comments]

Isn't the zeroth law of thermodynamics essentially the transitive property?

Posted: 30 Jul 2019 08:20 PM PDT

How do spacecraft/rovers/space probes communicate back to earth from such long distances?

Posted: 30 Jul 2019 02:29 PM PDT

What did South America look like 30-40k years ago?

Posted: 30 Jul 2019 08:41 AM PDT

From a landscape side of things, was it the rain forest we have today? Or would Green Sahara have interfered with that process?

submitted by /u/bluefirecorp
[link] [comments]

How do we know the structure of molecules?

Posted: 30 Jul 2019 12:12 PM PDT

How are objects recognized from colors?

Posted: 30 Jul 2019 10:22 AM PDT

When I see a tree, what I am actually seeing is brown, black, different shades of color, some green and such. And also the colors that are not part of the tree such as possibly the blue of the sky and such. How is the outline of the tree formed from the colors? Where does the recognizance of tree come from?

submitted by /u/relishingcarpenter
[link] [comments]

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

How did the planetary cool-down of Mars make it lose its magnetic field?

How did the planetary cool-down of Mars make it lose its magnetic field?


How did the planetary cool-down of Mars make it lose its magnetic field?

Posted: 30 Jul 2019 02:41 AM PDT

Do earthworms in a small-scale closed vermicompost system (a home worm-box) show physiological or behavioural adaptations to the specific types of waste added to the system?

Posted: 30 Jul 2019 01:12 AM PDT

For example: a system where at least 20% of all incoming waste is coffee grounds, vs a system that gets none of that.

Let's assume the timescale we're talking about is 10 to 15 years. That would be (?) ~100 generations of worms.

submitted by /u/Bastionna
[link] [comments]

What are Planck units (mostly Planck time, but also the others) actually used for?

Posted: 29 Jul 2019 11:11 PM PDT

I read somewhere that there were more Planck time units in one second than there were seconds that had elapsed since the beginning of the universe. Whether that statistic is actually true or not, what could possibly happen so quickly that a unit of time that short is needed to measure it? And, if I understand correctly, the other Planck units are also extremely small. What are they actually used for as well?

submitted by /u/bcmatt25_
[link] [comments]

Does being exposed to confrontation/danger on a daily basis naturally increase testosterone levels?

Posted: 30 Jul 2019 02:13 AM PDT

Is the universe quantized or continuous?

Posted: 30 Jul 2019 02:26 AM PDT

Perhaps with the exception of energy levels. Is there a shortest lenght, time etc implied by plank units or are they just useful scaling factors?

submitted by /u/squiryl
[link] [comments]

How do doctors determine if a tumor is benign or malignant?

Posted: 29 Jul 2019 10:50 PM PDT

How long does water spend in the human body?

Posted: 29 Jul 2019 01:10 PM PDT

Is there a half-life to it? Given that some will pass right through, but (most?) will be absorbed into the bloodstream etc., there must not be a single answer, but all I can find online is short term answers talking about when that which passes through quickly will leave. What about the water that's more thoroughly absorbed, like that in bone marrow?

submitted by /u/TheLateAvenger
[link] [comments]

Can you tell the date and your location from the stars?

Posted: 29 Jul 2019 12:49 PM PDT

Hi, I'm writing a story where the characters wake up and they don't know where they are and don't know how much time has passed. Since many of them are experienced sailors, one decides to use the stars to figure out where they are, and it turns out that it's the Atlantic ocean and 150 years in the future. Is that the kind of thing that's possible, and if it is, how accurate/precise would it be?

submitted by /u/gmrm4n
[link] [comments]

How are the calories in food calculated?

Posted: 29 Jul 2019 03:40 PM PDT

Do climate models account for water being removed/added by growth and/or decomposition of total global organic materials? What is the magnitude of this effect compared to other factors affecting sea levels such as the water cycle and global ice loss?

Posted: 29 Jul 2019 08:38 PM PDT

Typical examples of the Carbon cycle follow the process of organic matter growth/burial and decay with respect to CO2. I'd like to find out what impact the hydrogen in this organic matter has on global H2O and sea levels. Additionally how does this compare to other sea level variables?

submitted by /u/Tnediluc
[link] [comments]

What is this chemical structure that was spray-painted onto this van?

Posted: 29 Jul 2019 09:36 AM PDT

The chemical structure in question is on this photo.

https://imgur.com/a/OgljeW6

I pass by it a few times and wondered what could possibly be so important, it was spray-painted onto the side of the person's van.

I've done google search and found nothing exactly like it.

I've asked chemistry and chemically-inclined friends, all to no avail.

submitted by /u/cooleyandy
[link] [comments]

Why can't we use the sine relation to pi to find the digits of pi instead of all the diverging series?

Posted: 29 Jul 2019 08:56 AM PDT

*converging, made a mistake.

submitted by /u/spaceraygun
[link] [comments]

If we had a Coelacanth from 65 million years ago, could it mate with a modern day Coelacanth of the opposite sex?

Posted: 29 Jul 2019 02:52 AM PDT

Coelacanth are said to be living fossils, but as I understand, the mark of a species is to be able to produce fertile offspring, if the Coelacanths from 65 million years ago are indeed the same species as today they should be able to procreate, otherwise they would just be 2 closely related species that look very similar, right?.

submitted by /u/Frigorifico
[link] [comments]

Why are rare earth metals good luminescence activators?

Posted: 29 Jul 2019 11:30 AM PDT

Monday, July 29, 2019

Are micro black holes even dangerous?

Are micro black holes even dangerous?


Are micro black holes even dangerous?

Posted: 29 Jul 2019 03:33 AM PDT

I don't know if I got this right, but as I understand it black holes interact only through gravity, so if there was a black hole with a mass of the Earth, the Moon wouldn't fall in it, cause gravitation will remain the same. If that's true - what was fear with micro black holes in CERN all about. I know that there was a really low possibility, but hypothetically are micro black holes even dangerous?

submitted by /u/stopr52
[link] [comments]

When plotting exoplanet discoveries with x being semi-major axis and y being planet mass, they form three distinct groups. Why is this?

Posted: 28 Jul 2019 08:47 AM PDT

I created the following plot when I was messing about with the exoplanet data from exoplanets.org. It seems to me to form three distinct groups of data. Why are there gaps between the groups in which we don't seem to have found many exoplanets? Is this due to the instruments used or discovery techniques or are we focussing on finding those with a specific mass and semi major axis?

submitted by /u/djbog
[link] [comments]

Do animals regard machines as other animals and try to bite them, eat them, etc? At what point do they/can they distinguish machines from animals?

Posted: 28 Jul 2019 09:07 PM PDT

I've always wondered if a snake would try to bite a drone that landed near it. If it did, would it try to bite a lawnmower? A CAR? At what point do animals distinguish living things from machines? Has this ever been studied?

submitted by /u/Shakedaddy4x
[link] [comments]

Can someone just give me a non-doomsday summary of what we can realistically expect from climate change and how our lives will be impacted over the next 100 years in different regions?

Posted: 29 Jul 2019 02:24 AM PDT

What is happening when our brain is "waking up"?

Posted: 29 Jul 2019 07:52 AM PDT

Do certain processes "boot" later than others? How does the brain prioritize which systems come online first? Why aren't we firing on all cylinders right when we wake up, sometimes taking up to an hour before we're fully cognizant for the day?

submitted by /u/ex1stence
[link] [comments]

How are the North and South poles determined for a black hole?

Posted: 29 Jul 2019 08:36 AM PDT

I was watching a BBC show on black holes and they mentioned that (Hawking) radiation escapes through the North and South poles. My question is, how do scientists determine which pole is North and which is South? And what is the importance to determining which pole is which? Does something different occur at the North vs. South poles of a black hole?

submitted by /u/DNAhelicase
[link] [comments]

Do individual winged insects (say dragonflies) of the same species have matching vasculature in their wings?

Posted: 29 Jul 2019 05:19 AM PDT

Does getting in shape before having a kid change the child’s genetics/shape?

Posted: 28 Jul 2019 08:41 PM PDT

Let's say I wanted to have kids with somebody in 6 months.

If I hit the gym hard, built my stamina and lean muscle mass a lot during the 6 months, would my child be more likely to be in shape than if I hadn't done that?

What about other factors like tanning, would their skin be more tan if I were tan?

If the answer is yes you can impact them with these changes, what all changes can you make that might impact them?

submitted by /u/12thman-Stone
[link] [comments]

Is sugar itself harmful, or is it just considered to be harmful because people overeat and/or replace important nutritional food with sugar?

Posted: 29 Jul 2019 05:51 AM PDT

Are their any risks to life expectancy for patients who receive donor organs that are older than their age?

Posted: 29 Jul 2019 05:46 AM PDT

So I have a question.

Does putting an older person's organs in a younger patient have any risks?

Like, would someone who was say 12 years old have the same average life expectancy if they were to have the heart of someone who gave their organ at say 35 years old+?

submitted by /u/cmcbert
[link] [comments]

When people are asleep and you lift up their eyelids,why dont they see what their eyes are seeing?

Posted: 29 Jul 2019 05:15 AM PDT

What actually is a gut feeling? Is it a legitimate kind of natural “defense mechanism” or is it really all in our head (or gut)?

Posted: 29 Jul 2019 04:32 AM PDT

What's the difference between an emulsifier, a solubilizer, and a surfactant?

Posted: 28 Jul 2019 08:55 PM PDT

When I look it up, it all sounds like the same thing and it's confusing me.

submitted by /u/BurninFern
[link] [comments]

At what age do children begin to learn by classical conditioning?

Posted: 28 Jul 2019 04:43 PM PDT

References appreciated! Settling a discussion between friends (both non-parents)

Information on the long term consequences of different types/severity of punishment also appreciated. (I.e. what are the long term consequences of mild physical punishment as a deterrent? Do all degrees of physical punishment carry negative effects?)

submitted by /u/hokye
[link] [comments]

Has the mass infrastructure of light on earth affected our brightness in space? Are we more visible from farther away?

Posted: 29 Jul 2019 12:09 AM PDT

The thought crosses my mind when I see pictures of big cities or even entire countries from space. I understand that those satellites are relatively very close to earth, but have all the lights on earth increased our planets brightness in space?

submitted by /u/TheTubbyTapir
[link] [comments]

Do spotted/striped animals change their patterns over time or in response to their environment?

Posted: 28 Jul 2019 07:42 PM PDT

Do animals like leopards, zebras, giraffes, tigers, etc. change their stripes or spots in response to their environment over the course of their life? Do these stripe or spot patterns change naturally as the animal gets older or are they fixed from birth?

submitted by /u/_HeadsorTails_
[link] [comments]

What causes a progression of symptoms? Ie. When I get sick why don't I have all the symptoms I would experience from the start, until I'm better.

Posted: 28 Jul 2019 11:25 PM PDT

Did the recurrent laryngeal nerve evolve much later as compared to the superior laryngeal nerve in animals?

Posted: 28 Jul 2019 10:51 PM PDT

In human beings (I'm assuming it's similar to other mammals), the recurrent laryngeal nerve which is the nerve supplying the laryngeal muscles (except cricothyroid) branches off the vagus at the level of the subclavian artery, and the loops around it and comes back up to supply the laryngeal muscles.

The superior laryngeal nerve and it's branches the internal and external laryngeal nerves branch off at much higher, close the level of the hyoid bone.

Proposing a hypothesis: In ancient animals, they only had an external and internal laryngeal nerve (branches of superior laryngeal nerve) which was somehow modified and provided functions of normal sound production/opening larynx for breathing.

The recurrent laryngeal nerve evolved much later in primates which allowed them greater modulation over the laryngeal muscles allowing them to speak.

Does anyone have any evidence to back this up? Or is there any reason for the weird course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

submitted by /u/HouhoinKyoma
[link] [comments]

How do (we think) type-II semiconductors work?

Posted: 28 Jul 2019 10:40 PM PDT

Does caffeine affect people with different body weight differently?

Posted: 28 Jul 2019 01:56 PM PDT

What is the physics behind ice hair growth and could we use the principles to grow something useful?

Posted: 28 Jul 2019 07:20 AM PDT

carbon nanotubes for example

submitted by /u/imaginary_name
[link] [comments]

Astronomy: Find the distance to Pluto from Earth?

Posted: 28 Jul 2019 01:38 AM PDT

I was wondering if i could calculate the distance to Pluto using only the right ascension of Pluto from earth from two different days and the speed of earth to be able to obtain the difference and utilize that for the parallax and geometry to find the distance from the earth to Pluto. I've tried multiple different ways but i don't seem to understand from where to start the right ascension. I found out that it starts from the vernal equinox but i am still extremely confused. I hope you can help me.

Thank you

submitted by /u/yannicleupin
[link] [comments]