AskScience AMA Series: I'm Dr. Allison Kirkpatrick, an expert on supermassive black holes, and discoverer of the newly defined Cold Quasars. Ask Me Anything!

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• AskScience AMA Series: I'm Dr. Allison Kirkpatrick, an expert on supermassive black holes, and discoverer of the newly defined Cold Quasars. Ask Me Anything!
• Greenland ice melt reporting has me worried, what are ramifications of this year's melt?
• Do lasers have recoil?
• Why DT-Fusion instead of DD-Fusion?
• How does the Circadian Rhythm changes for people on International Space Station who face 45 minutes of day (sunlight) and night?
• What is it about cockroaches that makes them famously able to survive radiation from a nuclear apocalypse?
• Do each of my chromosomes come from a specific grandparent or are they all a mix of genes from each?
• How do astronomical observatories make self-positioning?
• What is the energy need to take 1 kg of mass to the sun?
• Does our own galaxy gravitationally lens/distort starlight from outside the Milky Way as perceived from here on earth?
• In the Boeing 737 Max the engines were moved forward and upward on the airplane. Why does this cause an upward pitch tendency under high thrust such that the MCAS system is required? It seems like it should cause the opposite.
• Using molecular vibration to degrade molecules?
• Do fish drink water?
• Has the ozone layer recovered from where it once was?
• How do you design primers?
• How common are Naegleria fowleri (brain amoeba) in hot springs waters?
• How does fire act in very high pressures?
• What is it that makes materials elastic?
• Who does the sun heat the earth if it's only 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit and it's 93,000,000 miles away?
• How do ocean waves work?
• What exactly are scientists observing when conducting deep inelastic scattering, and how do they use this to understand the structure of sub-atomic particles?
• Why was "Munchausen syndrome" changed to "Factitious disorder"?

AskScience AMA Series: I'm Dr. Allison Kirkpatrick, an expert on supermassive black holes, and discoverer of the newly defined Cold Quasars. Ask Me Anything! Posted: 18 Jun 2019 04:00 AM PDT I'm an assistant professor of astrophysics at the University of Kansas. I search for supermassive black holes, particularly in the distant universe (lookback times of 7-12 billion years ago), in order to figure out what effect these hidden monsters are having on their host galaxies. Most of my work has been centered around developing techniques to find supermassive black holes that aren't very active-their host galaxies are still in the prime of star formation. Recently, I stumbled across the opposite scenario. I found a population of the most active supermassive black holes out there. These black holes are so active that we normally would not expect their host galaxies to be intact and forming lots of stars... and yet, they are! I coined this population "cold quasars" due to the amount of cold gas and dust they have. Read more here: https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2019/06/13/this-is-what-it-looks-like-when-galaxies-are-about-die/?utm_term=.e46559caeaf7 Press release: https://news.ku.edu/2019/06/05/astrophysicist-announces-her-discovery-new-class-cold-quasars-could-rewrite I'll be on at 1pm CDT (2 PM ET, 18 UT), ask me anything! submitted by /u/AskScienceModerator [link] [comments]

Greenland ice melt reporting has me worried, what are ramifications of this year's melt? Posted: 17 Jun 2019 08:31 AM PDT submitted by /u/PHealthy [link] [comments]

Do lasers have recoil? Posted: 18 Jun 2019 02:38 AM PDT Newton's third law tells us that every action has an equal and opposite reaction, and you'd then think a laser shooting out photons of one end, would get pushed back, like a gun shooting a bullet (just much much weaker recoil). But I don't know if this is the case, since AFAIK, when energy is converted into a photon, the photon instantly acheives the speed of light, without pushing back on the electron that emitted it. submitted by /u/Igeticsu [link] [comments]

Why DT-Fusion instead of DD-Fusion? Posted: 18 Jun 2019 03:41 AM PDT Why is DT-Fusion the desired goal of fusion research when DD-Fusion has a higher energy output (or am I wrong here)? What are the benefits of DT-Fusion over DD-Fusion? Would be great if you guys could link sources as well! submitted by /u/kydjvbcalhbp [link] [comments]

How does the Circadian Rhythm changes for people on International Space Station who face 45 minutes of day (sunlight) and night? Posted: 18 Jun 2019 12:20 AM PDT submitted by /u/scorp110 [link] [comments]

What is it about cockroaches that makes them famously able to survive radiation from a nuclear apocalypse? Posted: 18 Jun 2019 01:44 AM PDT Are they really the only (land?) animals that would be able to make it? Is this specific resilience an evolutionary advantage or just some kind of quirk of their biology? Thanks submitted by /u/deftoperator [link] [comments]

Do each of my chromosomes come from a specific grandparent or are they all a mix of genes from each? Posted: 18 Jun 2019 02:46 AM PDT I know I have 23 chromosome pairs, 23 from my mother and 23 from my father. But is my 1st chromosome a match to one of my grandparents 1st chromosome or does it have a mix of genes from all of them? If it's matching chromosomes, does that mean I get ~12 Maternal Grandmother Chromosomes ~11 Maternal Grandfather Chromosome from my Mother and similarly from my Father? And then on back through them ~5-6 from each of my great-grandparents, ~2-3 from each great-great, ~1-2 from great-great-great, ~0-1 from my great-great-great-great, etc. So does that mean if I pick an ancestor 6 generations back, I probably don't share any chromosomes with them? Does that mean I wouldn't be any more genetically related to most of my 128 great-great-great-great-great-grandparents than I am to anyone else from that generation, since I only have 46 chromosomes only 46 of them could have contributed a chromosome to me? submitted by /u/googolplexbyte [link] [comments]

How do astronomical observatories make self-positioning? Posted: 18 Jun 2019 02:02 AM PDT If they have static "earth" coordinates, do they consider tectonic plates movement? If they constantly calculate their coordinates what points they use for the references? What the coordinate system do they use and where is origin of this system? submitted by /u/anatolyzenkov [link] [comments]

What is the energy need to take 1 kg of mass to the sun? Posted: 18 Jun 2019 12:57 AM PDT Was wondering what is the energy need to take 1 kg of mass to the sun? Also how much difference does it make with gravity assist or similar methods? What's the ratio of energy needed to escape earth gravity to the energy needed to reach the sun? Thanks in advance... submitted by /u/notmefr [link] [comments]

Does our own galaxy gravitationally lens/distort starlight from outside the Milky Way as perceived from here on earth? Posted: 17 Jun 2019 10:05 PM PDT submitted by /u/aiYeoU [link] [comments]

In the Boeing 737 Max the engines were moved forward and upward on the airplane. Why does this cause an upward pitch tendency under high thrust such that the MCAS system is required? It seems like it should cause the opposite. Posted: 17 Jun 2019 09:19 PM PDT If the heavy engines are moved forward that seems like it would produce a nose-down tendency, and if they are moved upward closer to the vertical center of mass, it seems like the plane would have a reduced tendency to pitch up because the thrust would be coming from closer to that vertical center of mass instead of slung well below the aircraft on a long moment arm. So why did this change in the 737 produce an upward pitching tendency during low speed high thrust phases of flight? It seems like the opposite should be the case. Is it the nacelle shape causing excess lift forward of the CG? Why isn't this a problem at higher speeds? Is it a problem that only manifests at high AoA? submitted by /u/Senno_Ecto_Gammat [link] [comments]

Using molecular vibration to degrade molecules? Posted: 18 Jun 2019 12:22 AM PDT Hi Reddit, I was wondering if it is possible to use the molecular vibration of a molecule to help i'ts degradation. Let's say i have a salt, and i know the exact IR band at which light is absorbed at the ionic bond. Could i make an IR lamp with a bandpass filter and excite the molecules enough to cause increased dissociation? Does it make sense that if the molecule is in an exicted state, especially at the ion bond, it would dissociate faster or easier? Or would any dissociation just be becuase of the increase in energy of the molecule due to the temperature increase of absorbing tha IR radiation? Thanks. submitted by /u/Maztroid [link] [comments]

Do fish drink water? Posted: 17 Jun 2019 08:57 PM PDT submitted by /u/XenoneIAG [link] [comments]

Has the ozone layer recovered from where it once was? Posted: 18 Jun 2019 02:45 AM PDT submitted by /u/Diego_de_la_Vega111 [link] [comments]

How do you design primers? Posted: 18 Jun 2019 02:43 AM PDT If primers are meant to direct the amplification of nucleotide sequences, how would one go about designing primers for a gene sequence? Would a gene sequence be something like 'ATG..... stop codon'? Primers work on DNA so essentially what gets amplified includes the introns? How would one go about finding the sequence for the gene of interest? Do we design primers that anneal to the ends of the gene of interest? Or before a few bases before the gene? Been reading about this and am genuinely confused by how this actually works. If this works, wouldn't most scientist be able to amplify certain genes like (poisons/fluorescence/regeneration) and then carry out potential transfaction? submitted by /u/kafzael [link] [comments]

How common are Naegleria fowleri (brain amoeba) in hot springs waters? Posted: 18 Jun 2019 12:49 AM PDT I'm wondering how prominent brain amoeba is in hot springs waters. My wife and I are at a hot springs resort in California (Benton) and shes very concerned about it after getting water in her nose accidentally. They said they clean the tubs every day and by the looks of it they do. It is a very clean place but I was under the impression they are in the water regardless of if the tubs were cleaned or not. Thank you! submitted by /u/ffmdc16 [link] [comments]

How does fire act in very high pressures? Posted: 17 Jun 2019 03:41 AM PDT For example fire in a room with 100 times athmospheric pressure. submitted by /u/joule400 [link] [comments]

What is it that makes materials elastic? Posted: 17 Jun 2019 11:09 PM PDT Like what property's makes a material elastic? submitted by /u/Erverd [link] [comments]

Who does the sun heat the earth if it's only 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit and it's 93,000,000 miles away? Posted: 17 Jun 2019 08:16 AM PDT Not a flat earther, I'm just genuinely curious as to how this is possible. I've gotten an answer that it's because the sun is very big, and if that is the answer, can you explain? And I meant "How" in the title. submitted by /u/MitchTvd [link] [comments]

How do ocean waves work? Posted: 17 Jun 2019 12:16 PM PDT I understand that it's just an effect of the wind. But why are they periodic? Is the wind itself blowing with periodicity? And how exactly does the wind cause such large crests in places like the North Shore or Gold Coast? submitted by /u/KidAardvark24 [link] [comments]

What exactly are scientists observing when conducting deep inelastic scattering, and how do they use this to understand the structure of sub-atomic particles? Posted: 17 Jun 2019 09:00 PM PDT So I'm familiar with Rutherford's experiment and how DIS is an extension of it, and the fact that we can't have free/bare quarks. But I'm curious about how the experiment actually works, and if we could ever detect sea quarks with it (As opposed to just valence quarks) submitted by /u/PleasedBlue [link] [comments]

Why was "Munchausen syndrome" changed to "Factitious disorder"? Posted: 17 Jun 2019 07:14 AM PDT submitted by /u/DuckDuckPleaseDontGo [link] [comments]

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Why did they use black balls as opposed to white balls to cover the LA reservoir?

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• Why did they use black balls as opposed to white balls to cover the LA reservoir?
• Which specific advancements have led to the size decrease of household AC-DC adapters?
• Why is fructose so much sweeter than glucose?
• Does the sea build up heat over the summer, or does the temperature reset over night?
• How to make the biggest bubbles?
• How do they determine the calorie count and nutritional information for foods?
• How are scientists able to figure out that Greenland lost specifically 2 billion tons of ice this week?
• If you slice off a piece of skin with a mole, will the skin regrow without the mole on it?
• Where does the wax go when burning a candle?
• Do you know how spiders learn to weave their webs? innate wisdom or learned?
• Do cats purr voluntarily? Do they get tired of it?
• How is the body exposed to and harmed by radiation?
• How are we able to tell how animals sees things? e.g. a snake seeing in infrared or a mantis shrimp seeing more colors than a human can
• Why do they use hair for drug samples?
• How do you estimate attendance numbers for events like political protests?
• How do we know about other galaxies?

Why did they use black balls as opposed to white balls to cover the LA reservoir? Posted: 16 Jun 2019 05:17 PM PDT Since the reason for covering the surface in the first place seem to be to reduce evaporation. Would it not make more sense to cover it with something white instead of black? submitted by /u/AzuresFlames [link] [comments]

Which specific advancements have led to the size decrease of household AC-DC adapters? Posted: 16 Jun 2019 03:16 PM PDT In the last 15-20 years AC-DC chargers and power adapters have shrunk significantly with many offering substantially higher power output. I have an older iPod charger (pre-iPhone) that is as big or even bigger than the current crop of MacBook chargers and it outputs a measly 2.5W and the current phone chargers are much smaller and can do 10W at least with fast chargers going much higher. submitted by /u/Kwerpi [link] [comments]

Why is fructose so much sweeter than glucose? Posted: 16 Jun 2019 11:10 AM PDT It's similar to glucose by structure, but vastly differs in taste. Fructose is almost two times sweeter than even sucrose! I can't find any concrete theories, so what are your thoughts? submitted by /u/Rojman [link] [comments]

Does the sea build up heat over the summer, or does the temperature reset over night? Posted: 17 Jun 2019 01:57 AM PDT 📷 I went to see my sister in Brighton (UK) on an unexpectedly hot day in May. I decided to go for a swim in the sea - my brother declined saying the sea hadn't heated up enough so he would wait until the summer My understanding of heat entropy is that the sea doesn't "heat up" over time like a slow cooker but has a temperature directly relating to the daily sun heat in a given area My question is this: does the sea water heat over time or does the sea temperate depend on daily heat from night time (cold) to whatever sun temperature creates on any given day despite time of year? Thank You in advance my science friends !! submitted by /u/CultureOrbital [link] [comments]

How to make the biggest bubbles? Posted: 16 Jun 2019 08:55 AM PDT Soap bubble wiki and various big-bubble fans have a million opinions and receipe variations to make the best big-bubble juice, but there are so many variables it feels like 50% trial and error, 50% cargo culting. Is there a scientific prediction of what should make the biggest bubbles? Too many variables: Type and amount of soap Type and temp of water Ingredients (guar gum, j-lube, surgilube, baking powder, etc) Mixing order, Slurry, combining order Temp of day, air dryness, wind Type of bubble string, Top vs bottom string Etc etc. Edit for /u/freespeechenthusiast: What is a "bubble"? Good question. I mean I, an evil mad scientist, after petting my white cat and cursing Inspector Gadget, declare that the only way to stop my doomsday machine is with a huge bubble. The scientists find a big bucket of H2O, a water filter, a refrigerator, water heater, jars bowls and whisks, Amazon's infamous 50 gal drum of J-Lube, guar gum, baking soda, corn syrup, various types of string, and a humidity/temp/wind speed Nest thermostat, and start to get all Apollo 13 on it. How big should the size threshold be to maximize my bubble to doomsday machine ratio and what do knowledgeable chemists think the ideal mix would be? submitted by /u/firesalamander [link] [comments]

How do they determine the calorie count and nutritional information for foods? Posted: 16 Jun 2019 03:31 PM PDT submitted by /u/Pollyhotpocketposts [link] [comments]

How are scientists able to figure out that Greenland lost specifically 2 billion tons of ice this week? Posted: 16 Jun 2019 10:32 PM PDT The amount of ice lost is according to the CNN article released 6/15/2019 How exactly are they able to calculate that it was 2 billion tons of ice and not something like 2.5 billion or 1.5 billion? How accurate is this estimate? submitted by /u/popemichael [link] [comments]

If you slice off a piece of skin with a mole, will the skin regrow without the mole on it? Posted: 16 Jun 2019 06:04 AM PDT submitted by /u/TristanWintle [link] [comments]

Where does the wax go when burning a candle? Posted: 16 Jun 2019 05:11 PM PDT submitted by /u/Hottissue [link] [comments]

Do you know how spiders learn to weave their webs? innate wisdom or learned? Posted: 16 Jun 2019 08:23 AM PDT submitted by /u/PlumeMTL [link] [comments]

Do cats purr voluntarily? Do they get tired of it? Posted: 16 Jun 2019 03:25 AM PDT submitted by /u/Biscuitbleu [link] [comments]

How is the body exposed to and harmed by radiation? Posted: 16 Jun 2019 09:22 PM PDT I am confused with how we protect ourselves from radiation using things like hazmat suits. I understand radiation is energy given off by decaying particles but how does just an airtight suit stop that? Does coming into physical contact with some irradiated material have a greater effect than being in an irradiated area? I feel as if there is some information I am missing or don't understand as to how radiation affects us and how we protect ourselves. Cheers! submitted by /u/Monstashio [link] [comments]

How are we able to tell how animals sees things? e.g. a snake seeing in infrared or a mantis shrimp seeing more colors than a human can Posted: 16 Jun 2019 01:41 AM PDT submitted by /u/hotcakes520 [link] [comments]

Why do they use hair for drug samples? Posted: 16 Jun 2019 05:57 AM PDT Hello! I have been reading about drug misuse tests that the police do. Why do they use hair samples to see if a person has taken drugs or not? submitted by /u/spyfire14 [link] [comments]

How do you estimate attendance numbers for events like political protests? Posted: 16 Jun 2019 09:34 AM PDT I've been reading that the estimated number of people out in the Hong Kong protest is around 2 million people. But I was wondering how do they arrive at that number when you don't have things like ticket sales to rely on? submitted by /u/yorkton [link] [comments]

How do we know about other galaxies? Posted: 16 Jun 2019 04:34 AM PDT submitted by /u/ThesoundofReddit [link] [comments]

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What causes the surge in luteinizing hormone just prior to ovulation?

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• What causes the surge in luteinizing hormone just prior to ovulation?
• Is there actually a solution to the twin paradox?
• How do bees know their way back home?
• On the complex number plane, why are coordinates expressed as a value, like 2i+1, and not as an ordered pair, like (1, 2i)? Or do they represent something other than corrdinates?
• Are birds monophyletic?
• What makes mining asteroids so potentially profitable?
• Did insects evolve from crustaceans?
• Why was carbon-dioxide used in the Chicago Pile 1?
• When elements and/or compounds freeze, do the molecules arrange themselves in a hexagonal array, or is only H20 only like that? If elements and/or compounds do not form hexagonal arrays when frozen, what kind of structure do they form?
• Has a CPU ever been designed for a specific programming language ?
• What makes sunset red?
• Does background radiation play any role in genetic mutation, ageing, or development of cancer?
• How are we able to predict trajectories based only on feeling?
• So we know that black holes exist, does that mean the theoretical white hole exists also?
• If a computer is based on transistors that go off and on for a 0 or 1 how do computers do basic math functions(add,subtract,multiply,divide)?
• Do cars in higher elevations get better gas mileage?
• Why doesn't the well ordering principle apply to nonnegative rationals, or negative integers?

What causes the surge in luteinizing hormone just prior to ovulation? Posted: 16 Jun 2019 12:12 AM PDT I have read a few physiology textbooks that were published a few years ago, and I have not gotten anything concrete. I read from the 9th edition (latest) of Sherwood Physiology, which states that there are two sets of kiss1 neurons in the hypothalamus. According to the text, negative feedback involves low concentrations of estrogen inhibiting the kiss1 neurons in the arcuate nucleus whereas positive feedback involves high concentrations of estrogen stimulating the kiss1 neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus. Kiss1 neurons secrete kisspeptin, which act on GnRH-secreting cells in the hypothalamus. However, the 13th edition (latest) of Guyton-Hall says that "the cause of this abrupt surge in LH secretion is not known". It states two possible explanations. The first one is the one that Sherwood gives - about how estrogen has a "peculiar positive feedback effect" of stimulating pituitary secretion of LH, which is in "sharp contrast to the normal negative feedback effect of estrogen that occurs during the remainder of the female monthly cycle." The second explanation Guyton-Hall suggests is that the granulosa cells begin to secrete a small but increasing amounts of progesterone a day or so before the LH surge, and it has been suggested that this secretion might be the factor that stimulates the excess Lh secretion. My main question is: since the publication of these textbooks, have we learnt anything new or is this still something that we are not sure of? --- edit1: Added some info for clarification. submitted by /u/COX-1 [link] [comments]

Is there actually a solution to the twin paradox? Posted: 16 Jun 2019 06:50 AM PDT All the ones I've come across assume that the twin on the rocket is the one changing velocity, (accelerating) which breaks the symmetry, causing him to come back younger. The whole point of relativity is that there are no preferred frames of motion. (each twin would have the same right to claim that it's the other one who is accelerating) In general relativity it's not only the apple that falls to the earth, but the earth that falls to the apple. Both points of view are equally valid. To have it simplified, substitute the twins with two objects in empty space that break apart and come back together again. There is nothing else in that universe for these objects to move relative to so what's to decide if one object's acceleration was any more real than the other? submitted by /u/Doctorrsponge [link] [comments]

How do bees know their way back home? Posted: 15 Jun 2019 09:41 PM PDT I was watching my garden this morning and I saw some bees buzzing around. I followed some of them and found out that they visit many flowers in a way that appears very random. How can they know their way back home? submitted by /u/greenishbamboo [link] [comments]

On the complex number plane, why are coordinates expressed as a value, like 2i+1, and not as an ordered pair, like (1, 2i)? Or do they represent something other than corrdinates? Posted: 15 Jun 2019 07:18 PM PDT submitted by /u/Kipkeny [link] [comments]

Are birds monophyletic? Posted: 16 Jun 2019 07:43 AM PDT Obviously at some point all birds share a common ancestor, but I'm wondering if that family tree also contains dinosaurs that we do not consider to be birds. Essentially, is the only truly defining trait of the "avian dinosaurs" that they were the ones that survived to the present, or are they are clearly distinct taxonomic group? submitted by /u/Unearthed_Arsecano [link] [comments]

What makes mining asteroids so potentially profitable? Posted: 15 Jun 2019 07:12 PM PDT To add to the question, what rocks/ore/minerals within the asteroid are so valuable and who on earth (literally!) would pay big bucks for it? submitted by /u/Chainsaw_Hamster [link] [comments]

Did insects evolve from crustaceans? Posted: 15 Jun 2019 08:47 AM PDT submitted by /u/redman443 [link] [comments]

Why was carbon-dioxide used in the Chicago Pile 1? Posted: 15 Jun 2019 09:35 PM PDT I read that the Chicago Pile 1 was encased by a large balloon which was then filled with carbon-dioxide. What would this accomplish? submitted by /u/Decidedyeti [link] [comments]

When elements and/or compounds freeze, do the molecules arrange themselves in a hexagonal array, or is only H20 only like that? If elements and/or compounds do not form hexagonal arrays when frozen, what kind of structure do they form? Posted: 15 Jun 2019 05:16 PM PDT submitted by /u/MasterExistence [link] [comments]

Has a CPU ever been designed for a specific programming language ? Posted: 15 Jun 2019 03:25 PM PDT Not assembly of course submitted by /u/pheqh [link] [comments]

What makes sunset red? Posted: 15 Jun 2019 06:42 PM PDT Sometimes sunsets tend to more more red-ish. From where I live, most of the time it is not. The sky is dark blue. On the other hand, on other times, a big chunk of the sky would be red. Why is that? submitted by /u/Akdi_1 [link] [comments]

Does background radiation play any role in genetic mutation, ageing, or development of cancer? Posted: 15 Jun 2019 03:23 PM PDT submitted by /u/nausk1 [link] [comments]

How are we able to predict trajectories based only on feeling? Posted: 15 Jun 2019 05:25 AM PDT How are we able to "calculate"without actively using any calculations? submitted by /u/Neyrolint [link] [comments]

So we know that black holes exist, does that mean the theoretical white hole exists also? Posted: 15 Jun 2019 07:52 PM PDT submitted by /u/CheeztheArtist [link] [comments]

If a computer is based on transistors that go off and on for a 0 or 1 how do computers do basic math functions(add,subtract,multiply,divide)? Posted: 15 Jun 2019 02:50 PM PDT Sorry I'm on mobile but read title submitted by /u/innocent-9-year-old [link] [comments]

Do cars in higher elevations get better gas mileage? Posted: 15 Jun 2019 05:25 AM PDT I'd think so, because there's less air to create drag, but then again, maybe less/thinner air affects the engine somehow. submitted by /u/ChaseDerringer [link] [comments]

Why doesn't the well ordering principle apply to nonnegative rationals, or negative integers? Posted: 15 Jun 2019 08:08 AM PDT The well ordering principle is that every nonempty set of nonnegative integers has a least element. For a set of nonnegative rationals, shouldn't the least element be zero, or whatever number is closest to zero? For a set of negative integers, shouldn't the least element be the negative number with the largest magnitude? Why can't the well ordering principle apply to these sets? submitted by /u/AmazingMeltedSnowman [link] [comments]

You are subscribed to email updates from AskScience: Got Questions? Get Answers.. To stop receiving these emails, you may unsubscribe now.	Email delivery powered by Google
Google, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States

Why can hormone therapy make a clitoris grow but can't make a penis grow?

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• Why can hormone therapy make a clitoris grow but can't make a penis grow?
• Were CO2 levels ever higher than they are at the moment?
• How do we know how much energy the sun produces?
• What are the differences between Chernobyl, the Tsar Bomba and a modern day nuclear weapon / device in terms of radioactivity?
• Does the increase in education costs lead to a lower level of education at a given generation level?
• Why do bad smells actually smell bad to us?
• What Y-chromosome haplogroup did hunter-gatherer Europeans and neolithic Anatolian farmer migrants to Europe belong to?
• Can someone explain the reaction that makes retrobrite work?
• What is the difference between an organism made up of smaller individuals(e.g. sea salp, pyrosome) vs. a multicellular organism?
• How does Hela Cells work ? And why are they immortal ?
• Is driving on a regular basis beneficial for our brains and help reduce the risk of brain disorders in old age?
• What causes degradation of lithium battery life after repeated charge cycles? What practices optimise battery life and what are the reasons behind these?
• What enzyme converts glycerol to glucose 6 phosphate?
• Do heavy elements like uranium sink to the center of the earth?
• For Glacial periods and Milankovitch Cycles, does Low or High eccentricity favor colder climates?
• Is the dwarf planet Haumea within our solar system?

Why can hormone therapy make a clitoris grow but can't make a penis grow? Posted: 15 Jun 2019 03:53 AM PDT submitted by /u/MustacheMountain [link] [comments]

Were CO2 levels ever higher than they are at the moment? Posted: 15 Jun 2019 04:46 AM PDT I get that climate change is due to the drastic change in Greenhouse gasses, and that nature & humans won't be able to adapt as fast, but since petroleum is "dead dinosaurs", at the time of dinosaurs, were CO2 levels higher than they are now? submitted by /u/Salameh89 [link] [comments]

How do we know how much energy the sun produces? Posted: 14 Jun 2019 09:53 PM PDT submitted by /u/Jnsjknn [link] [comments]

What are the differences between Chernobyl, the Tsar Bomba and a modern day nuclear weapon / device in terms of radioactivity? Posted: 15 Jun 2019 03:26 AM PDT I'm curious about which would be the most dangerous post explosion. I just finished watching the Netflix show Chernobyl but I'm curious if it was hyped up a little for Hollywood or if its completely realistic, and how it compares to other nuclear events? Thanks in advanced! submitted by /u/ntb899 [link] [comments]

Does the increase in education costs lead to a lower level of education at a given generation level? Posted: 15 Jun 2019 07:31 AM PDT And more important: are they studies that point a significative impact on the competitivity of a country over a long period of time (at least 10 years)? The question focus especially US where the cost of education skyrocketed the last 25 years but may be other countries experienced similar phenomenon. submitted by /u/EmuVerges [link] [comments]

Why do bad smells actually smell bad to us? Posted: 15 Jun 2019 07:10 AM PDT submitted by /u/The_Mighty_Shadow [link] [comments]

What Y-chromosome haplogroup did hunter-gatherer Europeans and neolithic Anatolian farmer migrants to Europe belong to? Posted: 15 Jun 2019 07:03 AM PDT submitted by /u/MobileSky7 [link] [comments]

Can someone explain the reaction that makes retrobrite work? Posted: 15 Jun 2019 03:09 AM PDT Retrobrite is fixing the color on old plastic by soaking it in hydrogen peroxide while it's out in the sun. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZYbchvSUDY I'm just curious how this works? submitted by /u/Someguy2020 [link] [comments]

What is the difference between an organism made up of smaller individuals(e.g. sea salp, pyrosome) vs. a multicellular organism? Posted: 14 Jun 2019 08:20 PM PDT submitted by /u/Pyrouge [link] [comments]

How does Hela Cells work ? And why are they immortal ? Posted: 15 Jun 2019 12:35 AM PDT submitted by /u/HansNoFlammewerfer [link] [comments]

Is driving on a regular basis beneficial for our brains and help reduce the risk of brain disorders in old age? Posted: 14 Jun 2019 07:42 PM PDT submitted by /u/Amolk2207 [link] [comments]

What causes degradation of lithium battery life after repeated charge cycles? What practices optimise battery life and what are the reasons behind these? Posted: 14 Jun 2019 11:56 PM PDT We all know battery life decreases with use, why is this for lithium batteries? ​ Some common recommendations to lengthen the life of batteries I have come across: -Charge only to 80% -Do not leave charging for long periods of time -Store at 50% charge if not using for long periods ​ What are the reasons for these? Are there any others? submitted by /u/cabbage_in_tree [link] [comments]

What enzyme converts glycerol to glucose 6 phosphate? Posted: 15 Jun 2019 12:20 AM PDT submitted by /u/MistahFate [link] [comments]

Do heavy elements like uranium sink to the center of the earth? Posted: 14 Jun 2019 05:33 PM PDT Do heavy elements, like uranium sink to the center of the earth or does the convection of the liquid layer keep it mixed? Other forces I haven't thought of? Geologists of redit: I eagerly await your answer. submitted by /u/nedeta [link] [comments]

For Glacial periods and Milankovitch Cycles, does Low or High eccentricity favor colder climates? Posted: 14 Jun 2019 08:59 PM PDT As far as I'm concerned, the Semi-Major axis does not change as eccentricity changes. Therefore, a less eccentric orbit would result in a further average distance from the sun, leading to less insolation and colder climates. However, I've also heard things about disproportionate season length (Kepler's 2nd Law), and stuff about the Aphelion and Perihelion being different, making highly eccentric orbits more favorable for glaciation. So far, the internet doesn't have a rock-solid answer, and I would like to know. submitted by /u/HugoTroop [link] [comments]

Is the dwarf planet Haumea within our solar system? Posted: 14 Jun 2019 08:10 PM PDT what does it orbit? it has moons? submitted by /u/goombah111 [link] [comments]

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