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Tuesday, June 11, 2019

According to the last episode of Chernobyl, there is still a man buried inside reactor 4. Would his body have decomposed normally or would the excessive radiation not allow for any substantial bacterial activity?

According to the last episode of Chernobyl, there is still a man buried inside reactor 4. Would his body have decomposed normally or would the excessive radiation not allow for any substantial bacterial activity?


According to the last episode of Chernobyl, there is still a man buried inside reactor 4. Would his body have decomposed normally or would the excessive radiation not allow for any substantial bacterial activity?

Posted: 10 Jun 2019 09:57 PM PDT

Is there any record of any object from earth being ejected to space by natural forces?

Posted: 11 Jun 2019 03:28 AM PDT

Why didn't the Ohio earthquake this morning not create a tsunami-like wave?

Posted: 10 Jun 2019 11:18 AM PDT

Did the earthquake in Ohio this morning produce any kind of wave resembling a tsunami?

My guess is that the distance to the other coast wasn't far enough to allow a wave to gain momentum, but I would assume that there would be something generated.

submitted by /u/ladder_filter
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Why does the aperture of a rear peep sight appear to be larger than it actually is?

Posted: 11 Jun 2019 01:47 AM PDT

How do space telescopes deal with vibration during launches?

Posted: 10 Jun 2019 10:45 PM PDT

Given that their whole optics have to align very precisely to the spec, how do engineers build space telescopes to be able to withstand vibration during launch? Just a lot of structural support?

Also the insane deployment process of the JWST really worries me. There seems to be like a millions moving parts involved. Do engineers have to use any additional measures for the JWST compared to relatively basic traditional tube-and-mirrors telescopes?

submitted by /u/StupidPencil
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1. What % of the solar system's mass are asteroids and what % are planets? 2. And what % of the surface area are asteroids and what % are planets?

Posted: 11 Jun 2019 01:47 AM PDT

I came across this excellent map of asteroids on r/dataisbeautiful (said map / data-viz) and it had me thinking if we were to settle the solar system where is the living space actually at. Is most of the space you could build bases on or so on asteroid rocks or on planets? Seems the first point of departure for answering that is to find out the relative mass and area of stuff around sol, hence the questions.

submitted by /u/pfesjostrand
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Difference between citrus, rutaceae, and hesperidium?

Posted: 10 Jun 2019 11:37 PM PDT

Plant taxonomy is a lot less popular a topic on google than animal, so it's hard for me to find an answer. I know grapefruit, lime, orange, etc. are all citrus fruits (genus citrus) and also belong to the order hesperidium. But the two words (citrus and hesperidium) seem to be interchangeable. And what of citrus fruits' family Rutaceae? Are there any Hesperidium that are not Rutaceae, and any Rutaceae that aren't Citrus? This is confusing to me.

submitted by /u/Vegan_Moral_Nihilist
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Why do boiled eggs smell but scrambled eggs don't?

Posted: 10 Jun 2019 08:48 PM PDT

This question was posed by a friend and I don't know the answer. She's curious about the smell when you finish cooking eggs by the different methods. I think she may not be able to smell scrambled eggs because of how often she eats them. Please correct me!

submitted by /u/wibonucleicacid
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Why was the flush-deck design discarded in destroyer designs during the interwar period? Did the new designs retain the hull strength of the previous generation?

Posted: 10 Jun 2019 08:40 PM PDT

From what I know, the flush-deck design for WWI-era destroyers was due to the findings it offered greater hull strength than if the deck was broken into different levels. According to Wikipedia though, the newer interwar periods saw destroyers receive raised forecastles because a flush deck meant that the bow tended to be very wet, without addressing any of the pros and cons and whether or not there was any additional things to consider in the decision to switch the design, my first question.

That leads me to believe that perhaps the newer generation of destroyers somehow figured out how to retain greater hull strength, but I could not find anything to address this, and thus can't verify my hypothesis, hence my second question.

The interesting thing I find is that the bigger battleships and cruisers retained a flush deck even for those built during the interwar period and WWII itself. Another interesting thing I find is that modern warship designs seem a flush-deck design due to the necessity for helicopter facilities and massive superstructures, possibly to house expensive and heavy equipment such as radars, though this is just my hypothesis.

submitted by /u/_Sunny--
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How suddenly do sidewalks crack? and has anyone ever caught it on video?

Posted: 10 Jun 2019 03:58 PM PDT

How are plumbing and drains designed for a mountain?

Posted: 10 Jun 2019 09:33 PM PDT

On vacation in a cabin on a big mountain in the Smokies. Curious how they get water pressure to be available and reasonably constant for structures located at all different heights on the same mountain. Bonus: If the soil is full of boulders, I assume septic systems are out?

submitted by /u/kb583
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Why do radioactive elements still exist?

Posted: 10 Jun 2019 07:02 PM PDT

if for example something like francium-223 which has a half-life of 22 minutes how do we even know it exists if the earth been around for many millions of years even before life was on it so how do stuff with short half lives even exist. Can the earth create elements??

submitted by /u/alexlabib
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What effect does the moon's gravitational pull have on dry land (as compared to the tide for water)?

Posted: 11 Jun 2019 03:21 AM PDT

Is there any measurable or significant effect on dry land like the rides? I read an article about that moon of Jupiter that is stretched and compressed so intensely that its surface pops like a zit I was just wondering what it would be like for there to be a moon but no oceans, what effect would there be if any at all?

submitted by /u/BoosherCacow
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How long does the criticality reaction last in a nuclear weapon?

Posted: 10 Jun 2019 05:02 PM PDT

The energy of a nuclear weapon is released in the critical chain reaction of whatever fissile material is in it. From the first nucleus fissioning to the last nucleus fissioning how long is the reaction?

Similarly for hydrogen bombs how long is the hydrogen fusion chain reaction?

Do they last milliseconds or is it longer?

submitted by /u/Quackmatic
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Is the ozone layer thicker in places above countries/continents that produce more CO2 gases or does that CO2 spread out evenly?

Posted: 10 Jun 2019 08:21 PM PDT

Had a showerthought. Places like the US produce a bunch of CO2 gases that make up the ozone layer (I think, I'm no scientist). So when that gas reaches the ozone layer, does it spread evenly in the atmosphere or is it denser above the US and other gas-producing countries. If so, is it thinner above countries that don't produce so much gases?

Hope that's the right flair.

submitted by /u/SnickleFrittz98
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Why are there loads of islands in the SW part of the Pacific vs the rest of the Pacific?

Posted: 10 Jun 2019 10:59 PM PDT

Can medicine really be injected into the body as shown in the movies, just stab the syringe into a fleshy area and inject the medicine, instead of searching for a vein like how the regular doctors do it ?

Posted: 10 Jun 2019 05:40 PM PDT

Altitude Sickness? How sudden can it take effect, what can happen?

Posted: 10 Jun 2019 02:05 PM PDT

Hello again scientists! So, my latest question is pretty simple. Altitude sickness, how long does it take to have an effect? I'm finding online that it usually takes between 12-24 hours for somebody to feel ill due to a raise of over 8000 feet. Well, what if somebody were suddenly exposed to such an altitude!? What if, for instance, some massive giant were to scoop you up from the ground and raise you, miles above the surface and right up to his own face? Any info, random tangents, strange possibilities etc are more than welcome, thanks for takin' a look!

submitted by /u/cornysheep
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Monday, June 10, 2019

How many distinct (linearly independent) fields are there in QFT?

How many distinct (linearly independent) fields are there in QFT?


How many distinct (linearly independent) fields are there in QFT?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 09:07 PM PDT

My very basic understanding of QFT is that it describes all of physics in terms of fields, and particles are simply waves within these fields. So we not only have our basic fields like electric and magnetic, but also fields that describe the location and properties of electrons, quarks, etc. As such, the universe could, at least conceptually, be entirely described by the values of these fields at every point.

The standard model describes all known particles, but I can't find anything that discusses the fields from which each particle arises.

So my question is, how many of these fields are there, and of what types (scalar, vector (always 3 dimensional?), etc.)? In other words, how many distinct numbers would we need to fully describe all the properties of a single point in space.

Bonus points if you can list all of these fields for me.

Or if I have completely misunderstood QFT, please clarify.

submitted by /u/Kered13
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How we know that how kreb cycle actually happens in the cell?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 03:47 PM PDT

How do scientists study microscopic biochemical mechanism at cellular level like Na/K Pump, glycolysis, kreb cycle etc. In cycles products keep changing/converting so how do they keep a track of all of them? Considering they are so so minute and so so less in amount in comparison to average lab samples and experimentation.

submitted by /u/ckdkfksk
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What exactly is a field in physics?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 09:22 AM PDT

How does sun bleaching work?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 08:58 AM PDT

I get the science of how we see color via reflected light but I'm genuinely curious about how if an object is left in the sun for an extended period of time it will seemingly lose its color. How does it happen and what causes it?

submitted by /u/ProngsApolloson
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Is Gibbs energy of activation same as Activation Energy?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 08:19 AM PDT

I am solving a problem involving calculation of the activation energy of the reverse reaction and I've read that to calculate that, I need to add the change in Enthalpy of the reaction and the activation energy. In the problem, the Gibbs energy of activation was given instead of the activation energy. Thanks for the response!

submitted by /u/nimbus_cloud_9
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Do two waves have to have the same frequency for interference to happen?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 04:08 PM PDT

I can't find a clear answer to that.

If i understood it right, fourier synthesis lets a bunch of waves with different frequencies interfere to model a complex one. So it should be possible for two waves with different frequencies to interfere, right?

submitted by /u/ashbakyakalb
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How is it possible that everything falls at the same speed regardless of mass? Is there a limit where this approximation stops to be correct?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 08:18 AM PDT

Edit: has been answered

I know that in a vacuum a hammer and a feather fall at the same speed.

On Earth everything regardless of mass falls with a certain acceleration speed A and on Mars everything falls with another acceleration speed B.

I don't understand how this can be true regardless of mass, because it leads to different results depending on the perspective.

What would happen if I dropped a feather and a hammer with the mass of Mars onto Earth? From the perspective of Earth you would expect them both to accelerate at speed A

Okay, but what would happen if you dropped a feather and a hammer with the mass of Earth onto Mars? From the perspective of Mars you would expect them both to accelerate at speed B

Mars-hammer onto Earth is the same scenario as earth-hammer onto Mars, but you get two different results depending on which side you are looking at it from.

submitted by /u/DuploJamaal
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How long does it take for something to fossilize? Are there fossils that are only hundreds of years old rather than thousands or millions?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 05:25 PM PDT

What makes a substance good neutron absorber?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 08:07 AM PDT

Like many I too watched chernobyl on HBO and I was wondering what makes a noble gas like xenon a good neutron absorber? And how exactly does xenon stop the nuclear reaction in the core when it's concentration goes too high?

submitted by /u/tralfamadelorean31
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What exactly will happen when you swallow a piece of chewing gum?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 07:54 AM PDT

What if i become lazy, so instead of finding a piece of paper to throw away my chewing gum, I just swallow it? Is there any consequences?

submitted by /u/TheActualFinn
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How exactly does earth's moon affect the planet and how does the existence of multiple moons affect other planets?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 11:42 PM PDT

Sunday, June 9, 2019

Can metals be gas?

Can metals be gas?


Can metals be gas?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 08:55 AM PDT

This might be a stupid question straight outta my stoned mind, but most metals i can think of can be either solid or liquid depending on temperature. So if heated enough, can any metals become a gas?

submitted by /u/russianspyjim
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What makes elements have more or less density?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 05:57 AM PDT

How come osmium is the densest known element while other elements have a higher atomic number and mass? Does it have to do with the Higgs boson particle?

submitted by /u/Memebuilder74
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Why heavy water is toxic, while ordinary water isn't?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 11:15 AM PDT

If chemical properties of substances depend only on the outermost "layer" of electrons around the molecule, how come ordinary water isn't toxic, while heavy water is?

submitted by /u/filipv
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Would a standard Gravity Turn still be the most optimal path to orbit of Earth did not have an atmosphere?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 01:54 AM PDT

Why are some acetylcholinesterase inhibitors classified as poisons and others as safe pharmaceuticals or even nootropics?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 07:12 AM PDT

Solanine is a poison in potatoes and sarin is a nerve agent/chemical weapon while galantamine is a pretty safe pharmaceutical and huperzine A is an OTC nootropic, despite the fact that all of them are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Why is that?

submitted by /u/giokrist
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How can sprouts be nutritious if their only source is water?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 07:09 AM PDT

They sell online "Seeds Sprouters" where you have to fill water for some days and then you can eat the sprouts.

Sprouts are normally a high nutrient food, with a lot of vitamins and minerals.

My question is: How can a sprout can have a high nutritious value if their only source of "food" is water and sun (and not soil)?

submitted by /u/-acknowledged-
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What determines the "computing power" of CPU cores? Why is an ARM core generally considered less "powerful" than an x86 core?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 02:34 AM PDT

We hear all the time that a smartphone with 8 cores is nowhere near as powerful as a desktop PC with 8 cores, and this is mostly chalked up to the smartphone having 8 ARM cores which are weaker computationally than 8 x86 cores, but what aspect of a CPU core design makes it better or worse at computing than another design? Hypothetically, if I wanted to make an ARM core as powerful as an x86 core, what would I change about it?

submitted by /u/AgreeableLandscape3
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What's the mathematical proof that demonstrates that two parallel lines meet at infinity?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 07:25 AM PDT

Do euglenas and plants have same chloroplastes?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 07:41 AM PDT

I know euglenas can have structures with membrane so they can have chloroplast. So do their chloroplast and plant's chloroplast are from same origin? Are their chloroplast's DNA similar? Or are we just calling a bunch of chlorophylls with a membrane and a dna "chloroplast" so their origin is not dependent?

submitted by /u/RuhsuzKorkuluk
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In proton collisions in supercolliders, do all the quarks 'collide' or do only some of the quarks play a major role? (ie what's the reaction cross-section like?)

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 03:29 AM PDT

Are there viruses that target viruses?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 07:04 AM PDT

Given that we have for example phages that specifically target bacteria is there something that is like a virus for virus? Not counting antiviral medication.

submitted by /u/CreativePie8
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In basaltic magma, how much is recycled crustal material and how much is mantle material?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 05:54 AM PDT

I'm curious about both mid-ocean ridge and mantle plume/hot spot magmas, and potential differences between the two. From what I can gather, granitic magmas usually result from recycling of crustal material at subduction zones; but I'm not so clear on the composition of basaltic magmas. How much of the material at mid-ocean ridges/hot spots originates deeper in the mantle and is brought up by convection, and how does this interact with the astenosphere and moho? Thanks!

submitted by /u/humaninnature
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What do you call the gene that HIV virus integrates in the cell?

Posted: 09 Jun 2019 05:54 AM PDT

What do you call the transcripted RNA (which is then known as DNA) that HIV virus integrates?

submitted by /u/asdfghjkl281
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Does the pancreas serve as a receptor and a modulator for blood glucose?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 08:14 PM PDT

We all know that the pancreas can respond to blood sugar levels by secreting insulin or glucagon, but does it detect these levels itself with its own chemo-receptors or is this job done by another organ such as the hypothalamus?

submitted by /u/erjhgbnerbg
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What temperature is needed before the avg. speed of a molecule becomes a significant fraction of the speed of light?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 08:52 PM PDT

How does Electro-Convulsiveshock Therapy work? How does it cure things like depression?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 02:29 PM PDT

As I'm currently looking down the ECT barrel due to what my psychiatrist called "treatment-resistant depression," I was wondering how exactly it does what it does. Unsure if this post will get disqualified due to rule 1, but I'm looking for all the chemistry/biology, maybe even a little psychology behind it. I've heard the whole "it restarts the brain" thing, but I want to know the entire process behind it.

submitted by /u/caesar193
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When someone loses a limb, how do the arteries and veins form a closed circuit again once the wound has healed?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 09:10 AM PDT

Once the severed arteries/veins are closed off to stop bleeding by the healing process, the heart would keep pumping blood along the previous complete circulatory system and when blood reaches the closed off part of the artery, it has nowhere to go. Similarly the vein exiting from the wound will never have blood in it again. Will the circuit complete itself somehow? If so what is the mechanism used to find the openings of the respective major artery and vein and how do they join?

submitted by /u/azelda
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Do humans who live in very hot/cold climates have a greater resistance to heat stroke/frostbite?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 05:36 PM PDT

I do know that there is the stereotype that people in hot climates will adapt to it and not feel the heat nearly as much as someone who lives in a colder climate, and vice versa. But I was wondering if this extended to being more resistant to extremes like heat stroke or frostbite? Or if that level of temperature evened the playing field?

submitted by /u/Swagary123
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Why does the air «shake» when hot?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 09:59 AM PDT

Whenever it's really hot, you can sometimes see the air kind of shake. Forexample when you open your car, and it's really hot inside after being in the sun for a couple hours, you can see the shadow doing this weird shake motion.

Another example is when an engine is running, wherever the engine is blowing the hot air out, you can see the air shake.

submitted by /u/XxDropkick
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If you control for accidental death/death by misadventure, crime related deaths and suicide, how much longer is female life expectancy than male?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 03:02 PM PDT

Are women inherently 'healthier' or is it all environmental?

submitted by /u/Adam657
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How much do air rotors impact wildlife?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 11:56 AM PDT

I saw a post on reddit on how wind turbines kill birds and insects. How would putting up a lot of turbines compare to other types of energy? Could a lot of turbines have a large effect on wildlife in the long run?

submitted by /u/correcthorsereader
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How do we really know what’s at the center or our earth? Have we ever really been beyond the uppermost mantle to know for sure?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 11:20 AM PDT

How do sharks "smell" blood in the water? Is it scent or some other mechanism? Does scent even work the same underwater?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 09:31 AM PDT

Saturday, June 8, 2019

In the Tv series "Chernobyl" how realisticaly depicted are the effects of intense radiation exposure?

In the Tv series "Chernobyl" how realisticaly depicted are the effects of intense radiation exposure?


In the Tv series "Chernobyl" how realisticaly depicted are the effects of intense radiation exposure?

Posted: 07 Jun 2019 02:24 PM PDT

After the explosion they depict an enormous light projecting from, presumably, the exposed nuclear core, it's depicted like a huge cone of light going up in the sky till the eye can see, would an exposed nuclear core in meltdown emit such a huge amount of light?

Also a man is depicted looking directly into the exposed nuclear core, I presume in full meltdown, right after the explosion, immediately his face turns orange reddish and after a couple of seconds he's seriously sick and vomiting blood, is this accurate?

In general this is how it is depicted all the time, as soon as people get in contact with very high dosages of radiation their skin immediately starts to look red/orange and after a while it bleeds.

A firefighter that is in the middle of the rubble of the building is depicted picking up a piece of what presumably is a central part of the core, a piece of graphite, after seconds the hands from his skin looks burned, is this what would happen in such circumstances? would it be that quick?

The nuclear core in full meltdown is depicted as a glowing mass on fire, is that accurate? how would it actually look? what would be the temperature of it?

submitted by /u/dada_216
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Is the amount of energy in the universe a constant?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 05:34 AM PDT

So, there is this very common knowledge that you can't create or loose energy, it is just being converted from one form to another.

So...since you can't make more of it or loose it by any means...then...does that mean that since the big bang and possibly before it...the amount of energy available in the universe as a form of atoms, particles, fotons and anything else ( if there is else) that carries or has any sort of energy we can measure.....is it a constant?

submitted by /u/ll_Lucifer_ll
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Why do China and Japan have such low rates of HIV?

Posted: 07 Jun 2019 10:00 PM PDT

Are there structural weaknesses in multi-pour concrete structures where the new concrete meets the original?

Posted: 07 Jun 2019 10:09 PM PDT

There are big towers sprouting up all around me, and they're built a piece at a time. Concrete is poured and sets, then more concrete is poured for the next part and so on.

Do the two different pours merge into one structure, or are they physically separate parts that are just near each other in physical space?

submitted by /u/Thrownawaybyall
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Does being born blind have any effect on learning to speak?

Posted: 07 Jun 2019 08:32 PM PDT

After 3 years this is my first submission anywhere, go easy on me.

Watching a new Netflix movie "I am mother" ... girl being raised by a robot who has learned to speak from listening to a robot.

This got me thinking if that would actually work.

Obviously blind people learn to speak but I am wondering if not being able to see other's lip/tongue/mouth makes it more difficult to learn to speak.

submitted by /u/Gnostromo
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What kind of hazard symbols were used in the 1950's?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 02:06 AM PDT

Considering both WHMIS and Fire Diamonds were all invented after 1950 (1988 and 1960 respectively) What kind of system or symbols were used to indicate hazardous substances before that time?

Need this for a project i'm working on to be historically accurate and I've tried searching everywhere but can't find anything at all, so please if anyone knows any examples I would be in your debt. Thanks for reading.

submitted by /u/MisterLambda
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What would happen to the atmosphere if the oceans level raised hundreds of feet?

Posted: 07 Jun 2019 12:59 PM PDT

Sup science people. So, I'm writing a story - and wanting to keep it as close to scientifically accurate as I can (it's sci-fi, not realism). In the story, the sea level raises tremendously. Now, the guys in a sub right? so my first instinct was to have him notice the pressure from the barometric altimeter, and thus realize that yes, the sea has risen. BUT, is that legit? Would the pressure disperse based on the change in the sea level? Also, I'm aware that you could actually need to calibrate an altimeter for it to work right, but this story is set in the future, and I got all sorts of artistic license so I've worked around that. What really interests me is, if the ocean were to rise, what would happen to the atmosphere?

submitted by /u/cornysheep
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Why are different materials different temperature when in the same room?

Posted: 07 Jun 2019 05:37 PM PDT

For example: A fluffy blanket feels room temperature whilst a stainless steel benchtop feels cold?

How does the stainless steel get 'colder' than room temperature?

submitted by /u/HolisticVocalCoach
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Why can we not get accurate movement speed on our phones if they have accelerometers and velocity is just the integral of acceleration?

Posted: 07 Jun 2019 12:24 PM PDT

This might be a stupid question... but considering that you have to my knowledge an accurate accelerometer in your phone handset, surely if you give it some calibration to a speed of zero, any subsequent acceleration detected can be used to calculate a speed?

Simplified case, I calibrate my phone and tell it that I'm not moving, it detects 1ms-2 acceleration for one second. I am then obviously moving at 1ms.

It doesn't seem to be a thing though on phones to calculate your speed like this, as running apps track etc use GPS for that.

submitted by /u/aza547
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Why do fluids you cook only start to steam excessively after you turn off the heat underneath them?

Posted: 08 Jun 2019 12:29 AM PDT

How can Antarctic ice melting cause localized sea level to fall?

Posted: 07 Jun 2019 06:15 PM PDT

This article appeared today - I've never seen this website before so I'm like "grain of salt" - anyway it has an interview with Harvard earth scientist Jerry Mitrovica.

https://getpocket.com/explore/item/why-our-intuition-about-sea-level-rise-is-wrong?utm_source=pocket-newtab

This bit of the article confused me:
(bold text is a section heading in article)

What happens with melting in Antarctica?

"If the Antarctic ice sheets melt, sea level falls close to Antarctic."

The article also seems to say that gravitational forces from sea ice is significant which surprised me.

submitted by /u/okolebot
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What does it mean chemically to be high? And why don't all psychoactive substances make you feel high?

Posted: 07 Jun 2019 09:55 PM PDT

Obviously marijuana contains THC which is an endocannabinoid so it binds to receptors in the ECS. We call this being high. But you can technically get high off nutmeg. Does this also bind somewhere in the ECS? And what about peppercorn? It is psychoactive because it alleviates symptoms of THC but you do not feel high.

What does it mean chemically to be high? And why don't all psychoactive substances make you feel high?

submitted by /u/rooren-sama
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If totipotent cells can differentiate into an entire organism, or do everything that pluripotent and multipotent cells, why then do pluripotent and multipotent cells form?

Posted: 07 Jun 2019 04:40 PM PDT

Since totipotent cells can do everything that pluripotent and multipotent cells can do, why are pluripotent and multipotent cells formed? Why does the body not just use only totipotent cells? Unless I'm misunderstanding and totipotent must become pluripotent cells and then multipotent cells in order to develop the three germ layers, etc.

submitted by /u/CirUmeUela
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What is Russia's current stance on the Chernobyl disaster? (HBO series spoilers)

Posted: 07 Jun 2019 12:44 PM PDT

For those of us who have been watching the Chernobyl series on HBO, we've been hearing all about the USSR's misdirection and denial about the Chernobyl disaster.

The show says that the USSR finally changed their stance when Legasov committed suicide, two years after the accident.

What has happened since then, and what is the current stance of the Russian government in 2019?

submitted by /u/fusionevaporation
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